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Water Treatment, Desalination Efficiency & Renewable Energy Integration
Hosni Ghedira, Director
Research Center for Renewable Energy Mapping and Assessment a Masdar Institute
ESCWA Expert Group Meeting
Beirut, Lebanon, 25-26 June 2019
Desalination Capacity in the GCC (m3/d)
© Lattemann and Hopner (2012)
LCOE of Power Generation Technologies (€/kWh)
GCC
(UAE and KSA)
Economic Comparison Between the Major Desalination Technologies
Harbing (Xiabing) Lou, 2016
RE Opportunities in the Water-Energy Nexus:
Renewable energy can boost water security by:• Improving affordability and safety of supply• Reduce water-intensity of power sector• Improve access to water in off-grid areas• Enhance reliability of water supply• Bridge the water gap in arid regions• Replace traditional water heating
The Water Use Cycle in the GCC and Energy Intensity
Desalination Pumping Usage Treatment
DesalinationPumping to Reservoir
Usage by Consumer
Sewage Pumping
Sewage Treatment
TSE Pumping
Water Challenges in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi
• Reliance on very energy intensive technologies (MSF and MED), consuming about 3.5 time energy
compared to RO technology
• Integration of power and water production (co-generation) leads to energetic inefficiencies
• Desalination plants are powered by natural gas: finite source of energy
• Desalination represents roughly 22% of the CO2 emissions of the Emirate
MASDAR’s Renewable Energy Water Desalination Program
The objective of this program is to develop and demonstrate advanced and innovative
seawater desalination technologies that:
MASDAR’s Renewable Energy Water Desalination Program
Source: Mohammad Abdelqader El Ramahi, Masdar Clean Energy, Abu Dhabi (UAE)
Renewable Energy Powered Desalination for the UAE and the GCC
Decentralized and Off-grid Desalination
The UAE is being steered towards a future beyond oil The UAE set the region’s first renewable energy targets, at a time when there was widespread doubt about its viability and value.
• The UAE has raised its ambitious Clean Energy Target to 27% by 2021• In 2016, the UAE broke two world records for PV prices:
• May 2016: DEWA received a bid of 2.99 US cents per kW/h • September 2016: ADWEA received a bid of 2.42 US cents per kW/h
• In 2017, the UAE broke two new world records for CSP prices:• June 2017: DEWA received a bid of 9.45 US cents per kW/h• September 2017: DEWA received a bid of 7.3 US cents per kW/h
Solar Energy in the UAE: Current Status and Future Prospects
Dubai Solar Park will be the largest single-site solar project in the world with a planned capacity of 5,000 MW by 2030: 25% of output Enough to power 800,000 homes. (75% by 2050)
Masdar has been advancing the UAE’s ambitions for renewables and sustainable technology development by addressing the whole innovation value chain, from education, research and development, investment, to commercialization.
13
PV Economic Potential in the UAE Installed System Cost
Dust Deposition & PV Performance
Arid and semi-arid regions are particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of dust on PV panels. Higher degradation in PV performance due to soiling in tropical regions with lower tilt angles.It is important to investigate the influence of soling on PV system performance to comprehend the losses inperformance.
Such an investigation would also facilitate feasibility studies of cleaning mechanisms and development ofappropriate cleaning frequency schedule.
CHIMRE simulates realistic values of the 12-hour and
24-hour accumulated dry and wet deposition fluxes (in
µg cm-2) of aerosols over the horizontal surfaces along
with the ambient dust concentrations and Aerosol
Optical Depths.
Daily accumulated dust deposition fluxes show large
variability and the values are in between in 0.1 and
100 µg cm-2 and values may exceed 100 µg cm-2 on
stormy days.
Lower soiling rates during calm period (winter/autumn)
and higher during dusty months (spring/summer).
H. Qasem et al. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
(2014)
Dust Deposition – CHIMERE
High spatial
variability in the
deposited flux
Significant
change in the
accumulated dust
within a day
Forecasted 12-hour accumulated dust deposition
Dust Deposition – CHIMERE
Simulation of Dust Deposition Flux – Monthly means (2010)
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Forecasting the solar radiation
Development of Renewable Energy Management
System (REMS) tool for Saudi Arabia
Utility-Scale Solar Plants (UAE)
Masdar City: 10 MW PV
Operational since April 2009
100 MW Shams-1: The World’s largest
CSP plant
Operational since March 2013
World Bank data, 2018
Water: A bigger challenge for the Middle East
DesalData.com, 2018
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USA
The universal growth of the desalination market
Economicallyviable
Environment-friendly
Socially acceptableTechnically
feasible
How Sustainable is Desalination?
Sustainable solution
Threats to Sustainable Desalination
Economic viability
• Cost: Capital (equipment, site development)
• Cost: energy
• Cost: maintenance
– Scaling &Fouling
– Degradation of membranes
– Corrosion of hardware
• Cost: Labor, consumables, etc
Threats to Sustainable Desalination
Environmental impacts
• Seawater intake• Brine discharge (salinity, chemicals, etc.)• Greenhouse gases (energy use)• Other air pollutants (energy use)• Land use and construction impacts• Other…
Environmental Challenges
Chl a derived from MODIS-Aqua Satellite: November 2011 in the Red Sea and December 2008 in the Arabian Sea.
Environmental Challenges
Chl a concentration for December 23 2008 using MODIS OC3 in the Arabian Gulf.
Case Study 1: Jebel Ali Plant (Dubai)DubaiSat-1 Images
Brine Discharge Locations
10 20 30 40 50
5
10
15
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25
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45
500
0.05
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0.15
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0.25
10 20 30 40 50
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Smart System for Real-time Solar Performance Assessment
& Environmental Monitoring: Marine & Coastal
For further reading…..
Desalination Sustainability: A Technical, Socioeconomic and Environmental Approach,Elsevier (2017)ISBN: 9780128097915
THANK YOU!
Dr. Hosni Ghedira
Director of UAE Research Center for Renewable Energy Mapping and Assessment
Masdar Institute
United Arab Emirates