WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.pptx

WATER SUPPLY And distribution system

SYSTEM

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU 2

Water Supply Plan through Direct Pressure System

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Type of Fixture

Number of Water Supply Fixture Units (WSFU)

Private Use Public Use

Bar Sink 1 2

Bathtub (with or without Shower over) 2 4Bidet 2 4Drinking Fountain (each faucet) 1 2Hose Bibb 3 5Laundry Tub or Clothes Washer 2 4Lavatory 1 2Shower (each head) 2 4Sink (kitchen) or dishwasher 2 4Urinal (wall or stall type) - 5Water Closet – Flush Tank 3 5Water Closet – Flush Valve: 19mm 3 6Water Closet – Flush Valve: 25mm 6 10

Table 1.0 EQUIVALENT *WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU) *Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) – is a numerical weighing factor to account for the water demand of various plumbing fixtures, using the lavatory (for private use) as 1 WSFU. It is just an index number meant to put all fixtures on a common basis.

Step 1. Determine the following:a. Type and quantity of plumbing fixturesb. Equivalent Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) per identified plumbing fixturec. Total Fixture Load

Step 2. Determine the size of the pipes using the Table 2.0

CALCULATED SIZE OF PIPE(Inside Diameter)

COMMERCIAL PIPE SIZE (PPR)(Outside Diameter)

NO. OF WSFU SERVED

In millimeters In inches PPR Pn 10 PPR Pn 20

13mm ½” ---- 20mm 1-10 WSFU

20mm ¾” ---- 32mm 11-25 WSFU

25mm 1” 32mm 40mm 26-50 WSFU

30mm 1-1/4” 40mm 50mm 51-75 WSFU

40mm 1-1/2” 50mm 63mm 76-150 WSFU

50mm 2” 63mm 75mm 151-300 WSFU

63mm 2-1/2” 75mm 90mm 301-600 WSFU

75mm 3” 90mm ----- 601-1200 WSFU

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 6

What are the General Types of Water Distribution System?

1. Upfeed Distribution Systema. Direct Pressureb. Hydropneumatic Pressure System or Pneumatic Air-Pressure system

2. Downfeed Distribution Systema. Gravity Tank

7Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU

Upfeed Water Distribution System:

Direct Pressure System Hydropneumatic Pressure Boosting System

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

Domestic Water Supply with a Pressurized TankThe domestic water supply system with a pressurized tank is presented in the next slide:

The pressurized tank is partly filled with air behind a membrane. The air compensates for pressure variations during consumption and during supply pump starts and stops.The pressurized tank has a limited compensating capacity for shortage in main supply lines.



Hydropneumatic Pressure System

• This is a pumping system that provide water within pre-set flow and pressure ratings, automatically on demand giving all the advantages of city water supply.

• This system contains 3 basic elements:

1. A Pump (of any type or manufacture)2. A Pressure Sensing Electric Switch3. A Pressure Vessel (Pressure Tank) which contains an elastic medium.


Hydropneumatic Pressure Boosting System

Pressure Sensing Electric Switch

Pump

Pressure Tank


Bladdertype

Pressure Tank


Hydropneumatic Pressure Boosting System using Bladder Type Pressure Tank:

To House


Downfeed Water

Distribution System


For proper operation of the system, the gravity tank is located at least 30 ft or 10 m above the highest outlet or consumer. In tall buildings it's necessary to use pressure reducing valves in the lowest floors before the fittings.

The volume of the tank must be designed to compensate for the limited capacity of the supply lines. The tank fills up when the consumption of hot and cold water is lower than the capacity of the supply lines - and the tank is emptied when the consumption is higher than the supply lines capacity.

Domestic Water Supply with Gravity TankThe domestic water supply system with gravity tank is presented below:


WATER STORAGE TANK


What are the requirements for Water Supply Tank Design and Construction?

1. Tanks should be designed and constructed so as to be:a. watertightb. vermin-proof (rat proof)c. corrosion proofd. capable of withstanding the pressure under which they are to be operated ande. provided with safe and easy means of access for inspection.


Water Storage Tanks

Polyethylene Water Storage Tanks: For Hard water, deep well system, cisterns & other fluids.

Stainless Steel Grade 304 Water Storage Tanks

Stainless Steel Grade 304 Modular Water Storage Tank: 100,000 to 1 million liter Capacity


2. The capacity of any single tank in or on building shall not exceed 113,000 liters (30,000 gallons) or 113 cubic meters.

3. Tanks shall not be located over openings in floor and roof construction.

4. Potable water supply tanks for domestic supply and for standpipe or automatic sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed to furnish water in sufficient quantity and pressure for such systems.


5. The gravity tanks shall be provided with the following pipes:

a. Inlet Pipeb. Overflowc. Drain Piped. Outlet Pipee. Air Vent Pipef. Manholes & Coversg. Water Level Indicatorh. Control Valves

Section of a Water Storage Tank


Float Valve A float switch is a device used to detect the level of water within a tank that actuates the pump to turn ON or OFF.

Float switch

A float valve is used to shut off the flow of liquids, normally water, at a pre-determined level.

TANK ACCESSORY


Types of Elevated Storage Tanks as to Location of Inlet Pipe:

Floating-On-The-Line System – water is pumped both into the tank & to the consumers. Water goes up to the tank when the water demand is low or if there is a residual water supply, & water is drawn from the tank during peak demand. This system requires continuous pumping @ low pumping capacity

Fill-And-Draw System – Water is pumped directly into the reservoir and from the reservoir, water supply is distributed to the consumers through gravity Flow. The tank is usually installed near the water source to minimize head losses due to friction.


How a water tower works:1. Pump station2. Reservoir3. Water use

WATER TOWERRiyadh, KSA

FILL – AND - DRAW SYSTEM


WATER STORAGE TANK: GRAVITY

WATER TANK DATA: FRP


(Fiber Reinforced Plastic)

WATER TANK DATA: FRP


WATER TANK DATA: STAINLESS STEEL


WATER TANK DATA:

STAINLESS STEEL



PUMPS FOR WATER SUPPLY


What is a Pump?

• Pump – is an equipment used to transfer fluid from a region of low pressure to another region at same or higher pressure. (PSME Code 1993)

In about 120 BC someone, probably the Greek mathematician Ctesibius, invented the first force pump. It had 2 cylinders with single acting pistons, connected to a single beam so that they delivered an almost continuous stream of water.

Pump – A device or machine that compresses and/or transports fluids usually by pressure or suction, or both; may be used to remove water from a construction site or to convey water from one elevation to another. (Harris, C.M.; Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, 1975)


• Classification of Pumps as to

Casing Design:1. Horizontal Split Case2. Vertical Split Case3. Submerged

• Classification of Pumps as to Mounting:1. Base Mounted2. In – line Mounted

Horizontal Split Case

Vertical Split Case

Submerged

Base MountedIn – line Mounted


FIXTURE FITTING FLOW PRESSURE FLOW

kPa PSI Gallon per minute

Liter per second

Ordinary Lavatory Faucet 55 8 2.00 0.13

Self-closing Lavatory Faucet 83 12 2.50 0.16

Sink Faucet ( 9mm ) 60 10 3.50 0.22

Sink Faucet ( 12mm ) 35 5 4.50 0.28

Drinking Fountain Jet 55 8 0.75 0.06

Washing Machine/Dishwasher 55 8 4.00 0.25

Laundry Faucet 35 5 5.00 0.32

Bathtub Faucet 35 5 5.00 0.32

Shower Head ( 12mm ) 83 12 5.00 0.32

Ball Cock for Water Closet (Flush Tank)

104 15 3.00 0.19

Flush Valve for water Closet (19mm)

104 15 27.00 1.70

Flush Valve for Water Closet (25mm)

172 25 35.00 2.21

Flush Valve for Urinal (19mm) 104 15 15.00 0.95

Garden Hose or Sill Cock (15mm)

207 30 5.00 0.32

PROPER FLOW & PRESSURE REQUIRED DURING FLOW FOR DIFFERENT FIXTURES

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WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.pptx