Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) - sswm.info · 20 | P a g e Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Contingency Plan 2014-2015 1/1/2014 Fiji National WASH Cluster

20 | P a g e

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Contingency Plan 2014-2015 1/1/2014 Fiji National WASH Cluster

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ACRONYMS DDMO - Divisional Disaster Management Office ECD - Early Childhood Development ENSO - EL Nino Southern Oscillation FJD - Fijian Dollar H2S - Hydrogen Sulphide HH - Household IEC - Information, education and communication MoH - Ministry of Health NDMO - National Disaster Management Office NGO - Non Government Organization SPCZ - South pacific Convergence Zone UNEP - United Nations Environment Program UNICEF - United Nations Children Fund UNOCHA - United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UN - United Nations WASH - Water Sanitation and Hygiene

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TABLE OF CONTENT Acronyms 𝔦 1.0 Key Contacts for WASH Cluster Contingency Planning 1 2.0 Objectives 1 3.0 Overview 1 4.0 Background & Situation Analysis 2 4.1 Principles & Strategies for Contingency Planning 3 4.2 Water, Sanitation & Hygiene 4 4.2.1 Overall Objectives 4 4.2.2 Specific Objectives 4 5.0 Scenario for Contingency Plan 4 5.1 Scenario One: Best Case Scenario 4 5.2 Scenario Two: Anticipated Scenario 5 5.3 Scenario Three: Worst case Scenario 5 6.0 Mitigation & Preparedness 6 6.1 Early Warning Information on Excessive Rains & River Levels 6 7.0 WASH Impact on Health 6 8.0 Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) 6 9.0 Early recovery 7 10.0 Implementation Arrangements & Overall Coordination 8 10.1 Role of Implementation Organs 8 10.1.1 Federal Level 8 10.2 Coordination at Different Levels 8 10.2.1 WASH + Inter Cluster Coordination 8 10.2.2 Community & Beneficiary Level 9 11.0 Specific Action & Timeline for WASH Emergency Response or SOPs 9 12.0 Contingency Planning WASH Cluster 12 13.0 WASH Response 14 14.0 Prepositioning of WASH Materials & Human Resources for Flood 2013-14 16 15.0 Reference 17

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1.0 Key Contacts for WASH Cluster Contingency Planning These persons are the key contacts for the contingency plan (Annex A). They make up the key actors within the WASH Cluster who will be directly responsible for the set up and administration of this plan. Upon onset or pre-onset of a disaster, the key contacts will be responsible to ensure that all activities required within this contingency plan a carried out, they are tasked with the dissemination of relevant data to relevant stakeholders and the clear and concise roll out of activities.

Source: Relief Web, no date

2.0 Objectives The overall objective of this document is to outline a timely WASH Cluster response – providing a mechanism for effectively reducing the transmission of WASH related diseases and exposures to disease bearing vectors through the provision of safe water, adequate sanitation and hygiene promotion to an affected population – in the event of a future emergency in Fiji. For the purpose of this document, “affected” will be defined as “people who are adversely affected by a crisis or a disaster and who are in need of urgent humanitarian assistance” (WHO, 2014). http://www.who.int/hac/about/definitions/en/index.html?utm_source=feedblitz&utm_medium=FeedBlitzEmail&utm_content=565123&utm_campaign=0

http://www.who.int/hac/about/definitions/en/index.html?utm_source=feedblitz&utm_medium=FeedBlitzEmail&utm_content=565123&utm_campaign=0

http://www.who.int/hac/about/definitions/en/index.html?utm_source=feedblitz&utm_medium=FeedBlitzEmail&utm_content=565123&utm_campaign=0

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3.0 Overview This contingency plan has been developed to prepare the WASH Cluster for a more effective response to the humanitarian needs of people affected, taking into account lessons learnt and needs identified from the flood response of 2012. In order to mitigate the severe impacts of flooding, this Flood Contingency Plan has been prepared to quickly identify and respond to emerging humanitarian needs in the WASH sector as a result of the foreseeable flooding incidence. Two possible scenarios have been identified: the anticipated scenario (most likely) and the worst case scenario (least likely). Anticipated Scenario: Explanation – The overall impact of flooding is assumed to affect 20,000. Worst case Scenario: Explanation – The overall impact of the flooding is taken to be affecting 300,000. TC Daphne – 200,000 An assumption is made that the Humanitarian Community will be attending to 60% of the WASH Sector requirements, as indicated for both the anticipated and worst case scenarios. Also, a case load of 1/3 of the anticipated scenario is taken for prepositioning and preparedness respond quickly over thirty days duration. For the anticipated scenario (most likely), a total of FJD $?????? Is required to address the potential emergency relief needs as summarized below by the three sector components.

Proposed Activities for Emergency Response

Anticipated Scenario (60% of total affected)

Prepositioning & Preparedness (Case Load

of 450,000 people)

Budget Requirements (FJD) Drinking Water Supply

Water related equipments and activities e.g. storage tanks, pumps, water quality kits, purifiers, aqua-tabs, jerry tanks etc.

Sanitation

Latrines slabs, Polythene Bowls, Wooden planks, corrugated iron etc.

Hygiene Promotion

Hygiene kits, laundry soap, hygiene promotion, IEC materials etc.

Sub-Total of Relief Materials Required

Available Relief Materials in Stock with Agencies

Sub-Total of funds required

Early recovery Sub-Total (50% of Emergency Relief)

Total Cost

Project Support, management, coordination and logistic support (15%)

Recovery Cost (7%)

Grand Total

*information needs to be based/provided by cluster members and other relevant agencies.

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4.0 Background and situation analysis The republic of Fiji is comprised of 322 islands, of which a third are inhabited (Catalogue of Rivers for Pacific islands, no date). The two main islands of Viti levu and Vanua Levu have significant urban areas, with the capital Suva located in the South East of the mian island of Viti Levu. The archipelago is comprised of volcanic peaks and uplifted sediments, as well as coral and sand islands (Catalogue of Rivers for Pacific Islands, no date). Many Pacific Island Countries are situated in the world’s hazard belts and are subject to floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, windstorms, tidal waves and landslides, of which are mainly due to climatic and seismic factors. The region has suffered 50 percent of the world’s major natural disasters (UNEP, no date). Since the international decade for Natural Disaster Reduction began in 1990, the total deaths due to natural disasters in the region has exceeded 200,000 and the estimated damage to property over this period has been estimated at USD $100 billion (UNEP, no date). Vulnerability has increased due to the increase in the rural/urban migration, environmental degradation and lack of planning and preparedness.

Fiji has an oceanic tropical climate. The high islands have distinct wet and dry sides due to prevailing wind patterns; rainfall is typically 60% higher in South east Viti Levu than it is on the wet and North West of the island. The South pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), a zone associated with high rainfall, fluctuates northeast to southwest of Fiji. The SPCZ has a strong influence on both seasonal and inter-annual variations in climate, particularly rainfall. The EL Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO) phenomenon influences the SPCZ and strongly affects rainfall patterns. Fiji lies in an area normally traversed by often severed tropical cyclones which occur mostly during the November-April wet/cyclone season. Cyclones bring about severe flooding and landslides which destroy assets, disrupt agriculture and commerce, interrupt essential social services, and contribute to disease. While the prevailing wind is from the southeast, tropical cyclones and depressions tend to track from the north and west. Thus, although the west of Viti Levu is drier on average it can experience very heavy rainfall events and associated flooding. Cyclones, however, are not the only cause of floods in Fiji. It is estimated that historically only 60% of floods in the west of the main island have been associated with cyclones; the rest were triggered by isolated severe rainfall events (Adaptation Fund, 2005).

4.1 Principles and Strategies for Contingency Planning Humanitarian action under the WASH cluster s based on the principle of coherent and coordinated action in carrying out a timely and consistent response to the humanitarian consequences of major flooding in order to minimize their adverse effects on the population. The effects of flooding may reduce access to basic right of access to food, education, health services, safe housing, protection, drinking water and sanitation. The WASH cluster functions under the principle of a collective and coordinated approach: recognizing and drawing upon the strength of different agencies; actively seeking to indentify gaps and weaknesses and agreeing on actions to address these; being mutually accountable; supporting Government and civil society in their response, and ensuring needs (including dignity and safety) of women, children, disabled and most disadvantaged are adequately addressed.

Key strategies identified for WASH Cluster:

Support government to provide safe and adequate supply of water and sanitation facilities to affected populations as well the displaced populations/residing in evacuation enters.

Local capacity building to support distribution of hygiene supplies and dissemination of hygiene information particularly hand washing and household water treatment.

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Use of local radio to disseminate hygiene information.

Use of district health and water supply staff, local NGO’s and red Cross Volunteers for distribution of supplies.

Transportation of relief items to affected populations. May require support from Logistics Cluster.

Surveillance and monitoring to identify needs and gaps.

4.2 Water Sanitation and Hygiene

4.2.1 Overall Objectives

To prevent the outbreak of water and sanitation related diseases as a result of floods.

4.2.2 Specific Objectives

Ensure access to safe water, hygiene education and temporary sanitation facilities for affected populations, particularly those residing in evacuation centres.

Ensure that displaced populations and those affected populations still residing within their communities are provided with basic hygiene supplies and are properly informed on behaviour practices related to water, sanitation and hygiene.

Ensure all equipment and facilities are provided and displaced/affected populations are empowered to maintain the cleanliness of evacuation centres/communities in which they reside.

Contingency planning within the WASH Cluster should also consider protection issues, particularly in regards to vulnerable households and individuals that include the disabled, the sick, children and infants, pregnant or lactating women, people living with HIV/AIDS, and households with marginal income. People with marginal income or those that leave below the poverty line suffer the most during floods. The root of their vulnerability lies in their poverty status and social marginalization and due to their financial limitations; they are less able to undertake disaster risk mitigation measures. Moreover, their disaster coping strategies are often cantered on short term survival needs of the household. This may have serious consequences for children and women as their WASH needs are often compromised during disasters/emergencies. 5.0 Scenario for Contingency Plan Based on prevailing weather conditions, three scenarios have been developed for possible flooding.

5.1 Scenario One: Best Case Scenario (Unlikely) This scenario considers the following fundamental assumptions:

Flooding will take place in the Tikinas (sub-Province) of Nadi, Rakiraki, Tavua, and the province of Nadroga, as well as flash floods in some parts of the country with magnitude not exceeding that of floods in 2012.

No damage to water systems in both urban and rural areas.

None to minimal damage to sanitary facilities.

Based on lessons learnt from experience in 2012, there will be adequate levels of awareness, preparedness and mitigation or safety measures by concerned bodies at different levels and by the vulnerable populations at large.

The overall impact of flooding will be well below (about 90% less than) that of 2012 as a result of the above mentioned preparedness and prevention measures.

Nil risk of disease outbreak.

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However, given that:

No strong rehabilitation works on rivers and upgrading of infrastructure, which are believed to offer lasting solutions to major flood problems have been undertaken.

Higher than normal amounts of rainfall in some parts of the country.

Flooding events due to heavy rains have already been reported in every year in some areas.

The meteorological forecast is sending alarming signals for more flood-bearing rains to come ahead.

The level of preparedness and proactive measures is not adequate.

Table 1: Planning Assumption Regarding Total Affected population (20% of Anticipated Scenario) and Locality.

Province Urban/Rural Village/Evacuation Centre

Nadi 4,500

Urban 1,500 Town 1,400

Evacuation centre 100

Rural 3,000 Village 2,500


Rakiraki 2,000



Rural 500 Village 450


Nadroga 3,000

Urban 1,000 Town 950




Tavua 500

Urban - Town -

Evacuation centre -

Rural 500 Village 300


The probability of having a best case scenario appears unlikely. In other words, in light of the overall prevailing situation, no flood condition or incidence less than anticipated scenario below is expected. Therefore scenario one has not been considered in the estimation of possible emergency relief requirements.

5.2 Scenario Two: anticipated Scenario (Most Likely) This most likely scenario considers the following fundamental assumptions and facts:

In addition to the flooding of provinces and sub-provinces in scenario one, major flooding will also occur in the provinces of Rewa, Ba, serua/Namosi and Macuata and the whole of Ra (inclusive of Rakiraki), where major damages will be in villages along river embankments.

No strong long term flood prevention works have been undertaken on the protection of the river and infrastructure.

Higher than normal levels of rainfall in some parts of the country.

Flooding events have already been reported in some areas.

Reticulation systems are affected with major infrastructural damage, especially in rural communities. Rural communities water system with minimal damage but suspected contamination (support and intervention needed).

Damages to sanitary facilities, especially in rural communities, especially those households with pit latrines.

High level of debris, requiring clean up and proper collection and disposal of rubbish.

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The meteorological forecast is sending alarming signals for more flood bearing rains to come.

Based on the lessons leant from experience in 2012, there are better levels of awareness, preparedness and mitigation or safety measures by the concerned bodies at different levels and by the vulnerable population at large.

The overall impact of the flooding will be significant but about 20% less than that of the 2012 occurrence as a result of the above mentioned proactive measures.

High risk of disease outbreaks.

Table 1: Planning Assumption Regarding Total Affected population and Locality.

Province/Tikina Urban/Rural Village/Evacuation Centre

Nadi 29,500

Urban 12,000

Town 10,500

Evacuation centre

1,500

Rural 17,500

Village 14,500

Evacuation centre

3,000

Ba 19,500

Urban 7,500

Town 6,500

Evacuation centre

1,000

Rural 12,000

Village 9,000

Evacuation centre

3,000

Tavua 9,000

Urban 2,500

Town 2,200

Evacuation centre

300

Rural 6,500

Village 4,500

Evacuation centre

2,000

Ra 13,000


Evacuation centre

400

Rural 10,500

Village 7,000

Evacuation centre

3,500

Macuata 14,000

Urban 5,000

Town 4,800

Evacuation centre

200


Evacuation centre

1,500

Nadroga 26,000

Urban 8,000

Town 7,200

Evacuation centre

800

Rural 18,000

Village 14,500

Evacuation centre

3,500

Rewa 11,500

Urban 2,500

Town 2,300

Evacuation centre

200

Rural 9,000

Village 6,000

Evacuation centre

3,000

10

Naitasiri 8,500

Urban 2,000

Town 1,900

Evacuation centre

100


Evacuation centre

1,000

Serua/Namosi 19,000

Urban 7,000

Town 5,800

Evacuation centre

1,200

Rural 12,000

Village 8,500

Evacuation centre

3,500

150,000 5.3 Scenario Three: Worst case Scenario (Less Likely)

This less likely scenario considers the following fundamental assumptions and facts:

In addition to the flooding of provinces and sub-provinces in scenario one and two, major flooding will also nationwide.

No strong long term flood prevention works have been undertaken on the protection of the river and infrastructure.

Higher than normal levels of rainfall in some parts of the country.

Flooding events have already been reported in many areas.

The meteorological forecast is sending alarming signals for more flood bearing rains to come.

Major damage to drinking water systems with intermittent to no water supply, requiring extensive works and immediate intervention.

Major damage to sanitary facilities, especially in rural communities, requiring immediate intervention and provision of alternate waste disposal methods.

Large amount of debris and rubbish in affected areas, increase of rodent and vector breeding sites. Requiring immediate intervention.

The preparedness, awareness and other proactive measures in place may not be compatible or commensurate with the possible high magnitude of flooding in different areas.

The overall impact of the flooding will be nearly as high as, or similar to, that if the incident in 2012.

High risk of disease outbreak.

Table 1: Planning Assumptions Regarding Total Affected Population (60% Total Pop.) and Locality

Provinces Urban/Rural Village/Evacuation centre

Nadi 38,000

Urban 16,000 Town 13,500

Evacuation centre 2,500


Evacuation Centre 5,000

Ba 25,000





Ra 19,000 Urban 5,000 Town 4,000


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Tavua 16,000





Nadroga 35,000

Urban 10,000 Town 8,500




Navosa 19,000

Urban - Town -

Evacuation centre -



Macuata 23,000





Serua 16,000





Cakaudrove 15,000





Naitasiri 18,000





Tailevu 21,000





Rewa 20,000





Namosi 12,000





Lomaiviti 6,000





Yasawa 3,000

Urban 1,000 Town 700



Evacuation Centre 800

Lau 3,000 Urban - Town -

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Evacuation centre -


Evacuation Centre 700

kadavu 8,000





Rotuma 3,000

Urban - Town -

Evacuation centre -



Total 300,000

Urban 84,000 Town 70,000




6.0 Mitigation and Preparedness

6.1 Early Warning Information on Excessive Rains and River Levels The Fiji Meteorological Department and the Water Authority of Fiji maintains monitoring stations to observe the climate and river levels throughout the country. These data sources are used to prepare the seasonal weather forecast, which serves as a guide for preparedness activities, as well as the mid-seasonal assessment report, which updates the seasonal forecast and provides useful information regarding the characteristics of the rains and river levels. Information from these departments is also used to create a 24 hour forecast, which can be used to identify areas susceptible to heavy rains. The 24 hour forecast is broadcasted on television, radio and can also be accessed via telephone hotline. 7.0 Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Potential Impact: Severe floods could destroy houses, farmlands and infrastructure forcing a large number of people to leave inundated villages/communities, exposing them to the risk of homelessness, waterborne diseases and malnutrition. Also, floods often lead to the contamination of safe water sources and can damage sanitation facilities.

Scenario One: Best Case Scenario (Unlikely) This scenario considers the following fundamental assumptions:

Low to nil damage to infrastructure.

Based on lessons learnt from experience, there will be adequate levels of awareness, preparedness and mitigation or safety measures by concerned bodies at different levels and by the vulnerable populations at large.

Reticulated water systems are not affected in urban areas, whereas rural water systems may be contaminated (increase in turbidity and chemical and biological contaminants), but supply is not affected.


Level of preparedness and proactive measures is adequate. Scenario Two: anticipated Scenario (Most Likely)

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This most likely scenario considers the following fundamental assumptions and facts:

Low infrastructural damages, causing a number of people to leave their homes and enter evacuation centres.

Reticulated water systems are minimally affected/damaged, with infrastructural repairs needed, whereas rural water systems contaminated (increase in turbidity and chemical and biological contaminants) with some supply systems damaged, requiring support and intervention.

Damages to sanitary facilities, especially in rural communities, requiring intervention and awareness. Scenario Three: Worst case Scenario (Less Likely)


Major damage to infrastructure, requiring a large number of the population to leave their homes and enter evacuation centres.

Some Evacuation Centres filled to capacity, requiring aid for safe waste disposal and adequate drinking water supply.

Major damage to both rural and urban water systems, intermittent to no water supply, requiring extensive works and immediate intervention.


Large amount of debris and rubbish in affected areas, increase areas of rodent and vector breeding sites. Requiring immediate intervention.

Requirements: In order to provide water and sanitation interventions, the WASH response intervention would focus on the rehabilitation and maintenance of non-functioning water schemes in affected villages, health centres and schools. In addition, emergency WASH activities would include water tankering, supply of water purification tablets, Water quality tests by H2S, and the distribution of hygiene kits in temporary shelters and affected villages. Also, sanitation and hygiene education messages would be provided by government officials and volunteers in affected districts. Preposition of relief materials and preparing for rapid response is considered crucial. The planning assumption based on a rapid response over 30 days for a case load of 10,000 people in different districts and provinces.

Table 2: Prepositioning of Relief Materials and Preparing for Rapid Response Resource requirements, available resources and gaps for case load of 10,000, 30 days

Provinces Required Resources

(FJD) Available Resources

(FJD) Gaps (FJD)

Nadi

Ba

Nadroga

Navosa

Macuata

Rewa

Serua

Total

Table 3: Contingency Planning for Flood 2014

Relief Item Total Requirements in FJD (60% of anticipated scenario)

Total requirements in FJD (60% worst case scenario)

Storage and Distribution tanks (different capacities)

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Rotumould Tanks, 5000L capacity

HH water treatment Filters (Give Clean Water)

H2S Water testing Kit

Aquatabs

Tarpauling

ECD Kits

IEC Materials

Collapsible Water Tanks

WASH Kits

Water Containers

Submersible Pump

Jerry Cans

Buckets

Total

8.0 WASH Impact on Health Potential Impact: Flooding has the potential to deteriorate the health and nutrition situation of affected populations. Severe floods damage water sanitation facilities, create poor hygiene particularly in temporary shelters, and establish conditions conducive for vector borne diseases. This amplifies the risk of endemic and epidemic diseases such as acute respiratory illnesses, measles, dengue fever and water borne diseases such as diarrhoea and typhoid. Some roads and other infrastructure usually become inaccessible by flooding, decreasing the already limited access to health services in many of the flood prone areas and increasing the challenges to the prevention and control of communicable diseases.

Scenario One: Best Case Scenario (Unlikely) This scenario considers the following fundamental assumptions:

Sporadic cases arise, but may be due to factors existing before disaster.

Health facilities well equipped and monitoring/surveillance and prevention on-going.

Based on lessons learnt from experience, there will be adequate levels of awareness, preparedness and mitigation or safety measures by concerned bodies at different levels and by the vulnerable populations at large.

Reticulated water systems are not affected in urban areas, whereas rural water systems may be contaminated (increase in turbidity and chemical and biological contaminants), but supply is not affected.


Low to nil risk of disease outbreak.

Level of preparedness and proactive measures is adequate.

Scenario Two: anticipated Scenario (Most Likely) This most likely scenario considers the following fundamental assumptions and facts:

Outbreak in worst hit areas likely. Diseases of main concern are Dengue Fever, Leptospirosis, Typhoid and Diarrhoea in infants and children.

Health facilities are well equipped but facing difficulty in terms of access.

Surveillance is continuous but requiring more man power and funding for control and monitoring activities.

There will be adequate levels of awareness and preparedness ad mitigation measures by concerned bodies and by vulnerable populations at large.

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Reticulated water systems are minimally affected/damaged, with infrastructural repairs needed, whereas rural water systems contaminated (increase in turbidity and chemical and biological contaminants) with some supply systems damaged, requiring support and intervention.

Damages to sanitary facilities, especially in rural communities, requiring intervention and awareness.

High level of debris, requiring clean up and proper collection and disposal of rubbish. Scenario Three: Worst case Scenario (Less Likely)


Outbreak in most parts of the country. Diseases of main concern are Dengue Fever, Leptospirosis, Typhoid and Diarrhoea in infants and children.

Health facilities suffered infrastructural damage and require aid and assistance in providing services and obtaining drugs and equipment.

Health Surveillance activities greatly affected and in need of resources (man power, funding and equipment)

The preparedness, awareness and other proactive measures in place may not be compatible or commensurate with the possible high magnitude of damages in different areas.

Major damage to both rural and urban water systems, intermittent to no water supply, requiring extensive works and immediate intervention.


Large amount of debris and rubbish in affected areas, increase areas of rodent and vector breeding sites. Requiring immediate intervention.

Typhoid Epidemic/diarrhoea: Flooding and heavy rainfall will exacerbate any ongoing Typhoid/diarrhoea epidemic which may currently pose a major challenge in flood prone and other areas. Flooding will also create conducive conditions for the rapid spread of the disease in places where the disease has not been found before the disaster. Dengue Fever Epidemic: Heavy rainfall from cyclones will increase the breeding sites for vector borne diseases, mainly dengue fever. The high number of receptacles and dry containers, added with the increase in rainfall, may cause an explosion of cases within the respective sub-division. Leptospirosis Epidemic: With the large number of rural dwellers with livestock and domesticated animals, the increase in the heavy rainfall with poor protective equipment used, may cause an increase incidence of leptospirosis. 9.0 Early Recovery Potential Impact and Requirements Flooding, as a disaster agent, brings about considerable disruption, damage or destruction on household assets and livelihoods, on community service facilities and on major economic/economic infrastructures such as roads, irrigation schemes, municipal water supply systems, telecommunication and electric networks, etc. However, humanitarian response is primarily concerned with addressing the pressing recovery needs of the severely affected households and communities. In this regard, the most crucial recovery activities addressing the impacts of flooding on affected households and communities would include:

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Rehabilitation/reconstruction of community social service giving facilities e.g. sanitation, drainage channels, water supply systems, water harvesting structures, water filtration systems, etc.

Apart from the areas of major concern for humanitarian response, household recovery actions will also include:

Clean up of and removal of rubbish from surrounding environment, ensuring an adherence to a healthy lifestyle approach i.e. boiling drinking water, hand washing with antibacterial soap and prevention of open defecation.

10.0 Implementation Arrangement and Overall Coordination 10.1 Role of Implementation Organisations In Fiji, the key objectives of the cluster approach is to support the existing government Structure to ensure a more coherent and effective response by mobilizing groups of agencies, organizations and NGOs to respond in a strategic manner across all key sectors or areas of activity, each sector having a clearly designated lead. The overall leadership for humanitarian response will be that of the government at all levels: National, provincial, and in districts, with full participation of donors, UN agencies, NGOs and communities at large. Overall coordination of the nationwide flood response will rest with the NDMO as per its mandate. The following arrangements are envisaged in the implementation process. 10.1.1 National Level

i. National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), being the highest body in the humanitarian arena, will provide guidance, allocate the necessary resources and oversee coordination of agreed tasks. Other avenues for funding and coordination also include the following:

Ministry of Finance: Once a donation is confirmed, a memo will need to be written to the Director Fiji Procurement Office (MoF) with an allocation to charge local clearance fees. The MoF has a concessions unit that handles requests for waiver of various importation taxes in conjunction with FRCA. For those donations exceeding $100,000, the proposal is to be submitted to the Budget and Aid Coordinating Committee. Ministry of Foreign Affairs: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in disaster periods takes the lead role in disseminating information and requests directly to foreign governments, either cash pledges or donated equipment. Prime Ministers Fund: This is accessed via the National Disaster Management Office, through proposals. The proposals will then be considered as per highest priority and then forwarded to the Prime Minster, who will make the final decision. Fiji Health Sector Support program: The FHSSP does not have a disaster preparedness budget, but as required during disasters may redirect funding to cater for activities needed in the aftermath, such as environmental health activities and projects and resource mobilization.

ii. Divisional Disaster Management Office and other local government and rural departments

will:

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Assess, jointly with concerned provincial, district and donors, NGOs and UN agencies, the existing situation and extent of damages.

Monitor the emergency situation and the response progress through the Disaster Management Office and through different task forces where the international community actively participates.

Mobilize the resources required for the successful implementation of the project

Coordinate the humanitarian response initiated by concerned line ministries and NGOs

Receive and consolidate project proposals

Allocate resources on priority basis

Monitor/cause to be monitored implementation of same

Provide regular progress and terminal reports to the UNOCHA, NDMO and donor community

United Nations agencies: UNOCHA and other UN humanitarian agencies will coordinate UN agencies response in close consultation with NDMO and line ministries. The WASH Cluster Lead will support the respective coordination both at national and provincial and district levels, or where necessary appoint a member of the cluster to take the lead in respective districts where that member is most established. The WASH Cluster will collaborate with Humanitarian Coordinator and NDMO ion ensuring the flow of information to donors, NGOs and other international bodies and assist NDMO in tracking of humanitarian contribution.

10.2 Coordination at Different Levels 10.2.1 WASH + Inter Cluster Coordination Coordination will be required with the Health & Nutrition, Shelter and logistics Cluster to ensure effective response to prevent water and sanitation related outbreaks, address the water and sanitation needs in a coordinated way in evacuation centres, and ensure relief supplies can be delivered promptly and effectively. The coordination will be ensured by a representative from the WASH Cluster attending meetings of other clusters and invitations for representatives by the cluster. The WASH Cluster will meet regularly throughout the year in order to agree and follow up upon cluster strengthening initiatives and review preparedness actions. Until the flooding events, the cluster could meet once every month under the joint leadership of the Ministry of Health and UNICEF. In the case of the flooding event, the frequency of the regular meetings would be decided by the cluster. In the case of a large scale flooding disaster, sub-national cluster coordination is to be considered. This will be the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and UNICEF to ensure sub-national coordination, but will need to be agreed by the cluster: Additional cluster tasks include:

Ministry of Health and UNICEF as WASH Leads reactivate/strengthen WASH coordination body at national, provincial and district level.

Ministry of Health and UNICEF as WASH Leads chair and facilitate on site coordination in affected areas. Prepare plausible plan of action with achievable time frame.

Determine short, medium and long term needs and establish recovery and rehabilitation response.

Design implementation modality and workable arrangements and provide the necessary support.

Make regular monitoring and take on the necessary corrective measures.

Prepare/compile and submit regular reports to the federal bodies.

Ensure proper management and dissemination of information to relevant stakeholders and national bodies

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10.2.2 Community and beneficiary Level

i. Support in the identification of eligible beneficiaries. ii. Take part actively in the identification and design of recovery/rehabilitation plans for most

affected WASH facilities. iii. Take part in the actual project implementation

11.0 Specific Actions and Time Line for WASH Emergency Response or SOPs

Period Priority Action Responsibility Location

Pre-Flood Period

Develop Flood Contingency Plans (National as well as Provincial) and establish focal points/contacts.

WASH Cluster Hubs/Humanitarian Partners/Line Departments

Done at all Levels

Assess resources required for prepositioning of material stocks, training, workshops, capacity building of line departments and NGO partners for preparedness to respond rapidly.

WASH Cluster/UNOCHA/ NDMO/Humanitarian Partners

High Flood risk Districts in the provinces

WASH Cluster coordination at all levels to ensure preparedness and reactivation as necessary.

WASH Cluster/NDMO and district authorities, governments, supported by humanitarian partners on the ground

Federal and provinces 2012 flood affected areas

Active provincial and districts, level task forces in high risk zones if necessary.

Divisional/district level governments, supported by humanitarian partners on the ground

High flood risk areas

Mobilize the necessary resources for emergency relief

WASH Cluster/NDMO/ UNOCHA/humanitarian partners

All provinces

Avail the necessary resources for emergency relief

Donors Suva

Establish Rapid response and assessment team

UNOCHA/WASH/NDMO /humanitarian partners

All provinces

Imminent Flood

Alert NDMO and WASH Cluster on water flow in rivers, heavy rainfall

Fiji Met Office and WAF All provinces/districts

Alert the provincial disaster management office based on hydro-metrological data received

NDMO/Fiji Met office and WAF All provinces

Call WASH Cluster emergency meeting (Initiate response process)

Ministry of Health and UNICEF National/Provincial WASH Cluster Partners

48 Hours

Notify NDMO to provincial/districts flood events as they develop

Fiji Met Office and WAF All provinces

Issue initial situation report on the emergency situation

UNOCHA/NDMO Suva

Dispatch inter-agency needs assessment, first response if needs arises

UNOCHA, WASH Cluster/NDMO Flood affected province districts

19

Determine if Flash Appeal is necessary and begin preparation

UNOCHA, WASH Cluster humanitarian partners

Suva

Monitor Highland rainfall and inform lowland officials of flood risk

Fiji Met Office, WAF, highland district administrators

All provinces

Inform lowland communities of flood risk as it develops

Lowland district administrators NDMO – divisional disaster management provinces

First Week

Conduct Joint Rapid Assessments, assessment formats (approved format from the WASH members)

UNOCHA, Divisional Disaster management Office, WASH Cluster Humanitarian partners

Flood affected provinces/districts

Identify needs in WASH sectors and circulate information to WASH Cluster

WASH Cluster Affected Areas

Revise Sectoral flood contingency plan using update field information and prepare sectoral

WASH Cluster/Humanitarian partners

Suva

Mobilize additional resources to address emerging sectoral needs

WASH Cluster/Humanitarian Partners

Flood Affected areas

Convene National Coordination Chaired by MoH and UNICEF WASH Coordinator and the relevant government office to facilitate on site coordination in affected areas. The WASH cluster will meet on a daily basis or as required during the emergency.

Led by MoH and UNICEF WASH Cluster Coordinator, supported by humanitarian partners on the ground WASH Cluster

Suva and provinces and flood affected districts

Request Flash Appeal or central emergency response fund allocation if required, depending on need assessment results

MoH/UNICEF/UNOCHA Implementing Organizations

Suva

Activate a national level Inter-cluster coordination sharing to ensure continued follow up of the situation on the ground

MoH and UNICEF Suva

Closely monitor the emergency situation on the ground

Divisional Disaster Management Office/NDMO/WASH Cluster

Suva Flood Affected areas

Week 2-4

Reconvene Time MoH/UNICEF/NDMO/DDMO Suva Flood affected areas

Prepare intervention matrices and situation reports as the need arises

UNOCHA/NDMO/WASH Cluster Fiji and all Provinces

Follow up on flood allocations and dispatches with NDMO/DDMO and redeliver new WASH stocks if necessary

WASH Cluster, NDMO/DDMO Suva Flood affected areas

Month 2-3 Conduct flood impact assessment and

NDMO/DDMO/UNOCHA/WASH Cluster

Flood affected provinces/districts areas

20

identify/establish recovery needs/proposals

Follow up WASH Dispatch MoH/UNICEF/WASH Cluster/NDMO

Flood Affected provinces/district areas

Follow up on Rehabilitation needs

NDMO/DDMO/WASH Cluster Flood affected provinces/district areas

Conduct Flood Impact Assessment

NDMO/DDMO/WASH Cluster Flood affected provinces/district areas

21

12.0 Contingency Planning WASH Cluster

Case Load Objectives Immediate Needs

(up to 30 days) Intermediate needs

(30-90 days) Response

Severe Flooding 80,000 population affected for extended period

- Displacement of 10,000 families internally displaced 2-6 weeks

- Outbreak of water borne diseases affecting 8,000 people

- Disrupt learning for 25,000 to 40,000 children

- Damage to infrastructure such as health facilities and schools

- Possible typhoid, Diarrhea and Dengue Fever outbreaks

To ensure the provision of adequate safe water and proper hygiene and sanitation to prevent the outbreak of related diseases

1. Safe drinking water (5 ltr per person per day) by tinkering assume for 30% population

2. Temporary latrine facilities in evacuation centres (1 temporary pit latrine for evry 20 persons separate for male and female/children)

3. Hygiene kits (1 per family among displaced and affected communities)

4. Hygiene information dissemination and (check this with SPHERE guidelines)

1. Safe drinking water (15 ltrs per person per day)

2. Ensure that 15 ltrs of water is available per person per day

3. Hygiene information dissemination

4. Standards to be ensured for evacuation centers

Immediate response 1. Assumption: adequate

quantities of water will be available but not safe

a. Conduct rapid assessment

b. Provide buckets/Jerry cans and water purification tablets/solutions for 45 to 75 million litrs of water

c. Latrines facilities installed to 10000 to 25000 families

d. Distribution of hygiene kits

e. Radio messages and printed information dissemination

Intermediate Response 1. Assume water quantity

for dinking is available a. Conduct

detailed assessment

b. Water purification

22

tablets for 90 to 150 million ltrs of water

c. Temporary supply of domestic water (15 litrs per person per day in urban/rural areas)

d. Radio messages and printed information dissemination. Interpersonal hygiene

Extended Response 1. Safe water supply to be

integrated into recovery activities

2. Repair and maintenance of damaged water supply and sanitation facilities/agree on handover

23

13.0 WASH Response

Response What Who/Where Gaps Preparedness Action Schedule of

Preparedness Action

Immediate response 1. Assumption: adequate water will be

available but not safe 2. Rapid assessment

a. Provide buckets/Gerri cans and water purification tablets for 45 to 74 million liters of water

b. Latrines facilities for 20000 families

c. Hygiene kits for displaced families and those still dwelling in communities d. Radio messages and

printed information dissemination

1. Distribution of Aqua-tabs

2. Distribution of buckets and Gerri cans, one per family

3. Supply material and install temporary latrines in evacuation centers and affected communities

4. Distribute hygiene kits

5. Print and distribute hygiene messages, prepare and air hygiene messages on local FM stations.

Organizations will take responsibility for selected districts and operate under the coordination of the WASH cluster and DDMO. Coordination at national level coordination centers to be defined for the secondary support.

Response to this level of flooding can be managed by in-country organizations and government. Preparedness action defines the current gap. Once activities preparedness actions have been completed all identified gaps will have been covered.

1. Mapping of vulnerable districts and evacuation centers with latrines (districts to be indentified based on facts and figures from different agencies)

2. Resources and response institution mapping (preparation of HR requirements)

3. Agreement on rapid assessment information modality for obtaining and

9. Pre-position water treatment products and buckets for first 30 days and hygiene kits for displaced families and those in communities

24

Government and partner mobilization to disseminate messages.

managing information

4. Training for conducting rapid assessment and management of information

5. Pre cyclone season meeting/contingency planning among members of WASH Cluster and NDMO

6. Formation of response teams and training (coordinated with Health and Nutrition/Shelter)

7. Training of local volunteers in all vulnerable VCs water treatment and hygiene promotion

8. Agree on standard hygiene kits and water treatment product

10. Prepare hygiene promotion guidelines and compilation of materials include leaflets, poster or instruction or information dissemination promotion (safe water, latrines, food, hand washing, vector borne diseases)

11. Pre-positioning hygiene promotion materials and develop standby agreements with local FM radio stations

12. Develop WASH Handbook with emphasis with drawings, BOQ and other information for sanitation in evacuation center setting

Intermediate Response 1. Assume adequate quantity of

water for drinking is available but not safe

2. Detail needs assessment

1. Water tankering 2. Temporary repair of

damaged pipeline and intake structures

3. Continue dissemination of

1. Standing agreement for the water tinkering treatment products, plastic water tanks, pipes,

25

a. Water purification tablets for 90 to 150 million liters of water

b. Temporary supply of domestic water (15 liters of water per person per day particularly in urban/rural areas

c. Radio messages and printed information dissemination continued from the first 30 days

information through government and NGO volunteers and radio

fittings and transportation

2. Develop detail assessment teams and rapid response teams for emergency repair work on water supply facilities

14.0 Prepositioning of WASH Materials and Human Resources for floods 2013

Mapping of total requirements, available capacities and gaps

Case Load for Prepositioning of Relief Materials:

Relief Items

Relief items – Total Requirements

Relief Items – Presently Available Relief Items - Gaps Human Resources

(WASH Staff)

Organization/ Location

Quantity Cost (FJD) Quantity Cost (FJD) Beneficiary

Number Organization

/Location Quantity Cost (FJD)

Storage and Distribution tanks

Roto mould Tanks,

HH water treatment Filters (sawyer)

150 7,387.50

H2S testing Kit

26

Aqua tabs Tarpaulin ECD Kits IEC Materials Collapsible Water Tanks

1,500L 5 3,441.25

5,000L 15 8,887.50 WASH Kits 7,560 4,248.72 Water Containers

736 1,324.80

Submersible Pump

Jerry Cans Buckets Soaps 2,664 1,518.48 Dignity Kits Water Bottles Desalination Units

20 | P a g e

15.0 Reference Adaptation Fund (2005) Enhancing Resilience of Rural Communities to Flood and Drought Related Climate Change and Disaster Risk in the Ba Catchment of Fiji. [Online] Available at: https://www.adaptation-fund.org/system/files/AFB.PPRC_.3.8%20Part%202.pdf (Accessed:

25.10.13). Catalogue of Rivers for Pacific Islands (no date) Fiji. [online] Available at:

http://www.pacificwater.org/_resources/article/files/Fiji.pdf (Accessed: 12.10.13).

Fresh Water for Fiji: Wananavu Kadavu (no date) Store Water for the Natural Disasters that will

come. [Online] Available at: http://www.wananavukadavu.org/news/tag/flooding (Accessed:

01.11.13).

Relief Web (no date) Fiji Floods – Mar 2012. [Online] Available at: http://reliefweb.int/disaster/tc-

2012-000044-fji (Accessed: 01.11.13).

UNEP (no date) Chapter One: Emerging Issues – Natural hazards. [Online] Available at: http://www.rrcap.ait.asia/apeo/Chp1h-nathazards.html (Accessed: 17.10.13). WASH Cluster Pakistan (2011) Contingency Plan for 2011 – Monsoon Floods: Water, Sanitation & Hygiene. [Online] Available at: http://floods2010.pakresponse.info/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Ok1ZGXLLSJc%3D&tabid=198&mid=1505 (Accessed: 10.10.13)

https://www.adaptation-fund.org/system/files/AFB.PPRC_.3.8%20Part%202.pdf

http://www.pacificwater.org/_resources/article/files/Fiji.pdf

http://www.wananavukadavu.org/news/tag/flooding

http://reliefweb.int/disaster/tc-2012-000044-fji

http://reliefweb.int/disaster/tc-2012-000044-fji

http://www.rrcap.ait.asia/apeo/Chp1h-nathazards.html

http://floods2010.pakresponse.info/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Ok1ZGXLLSJc%3D&tabid=198&mid=1505

http://floods2010.pakresponse.info/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Ok1ZGXLLSJc%3D&tabid=198&mid=1505

xxviii

Annex A – Key Contacts

NAME ORGANIZATION DESIGNATION CONTACT EMAIL

Manasa Rayasidamu

Ministry of Health (Environmental

Health Unit)

Chief Health Inspector

3215710 [email protected]

Waqairapoa Tikoisuva

Ministry of Health (Environmental

Health Unit)

Project Officer WASH


Marc Overmars UNICEF WASH Specialists 9922659 [email protected]

Sunia Ratulevu National Disaster

Management Office 3313023 [email protected]

Vasiti Qionimacawa

Live and Learn 3315868 [email protected]

Ateet Roshan Water Authority of

Fiji

Team Leader National Water

Quality and Environment Lab


Elenoa Waqanibaravi

Department of Water and Sewerage


Emosi Sakaturu Red Cross Fiji Disaster Risk Management

Officer [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]








Documents

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) - sswm.info · 20 | P a g e Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Contingency Plan 2014-2015 1/1/2014 Fiji National WASH Cluster