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WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY, WYOMING
SyCheryl A. Eddy-Miller, Maria Plafcan, and Melanie L. Clark
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYWater-Resources Investigations Report 96-4246
Prepared in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer
Cheyenne, Wyoming
1996
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director
The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
For additional information write to:
Copies of this report can be purchased from:
District ChiefU.S. Geological Survey, WRD 2617 E. Lincolnway, Suite B Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001-5662
U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, Colorado 80225
CONTENTS
Page
Abstract ................................................................................... 1Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................^ 2
Purpose and scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 2Climate ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4Generalized geologic history ..................................................................................................................................... 4Water-right administration
By Richard G. Stockdale, Wyoming State Engineer's Office ......................................................................... 7Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Streamflow .................................................................................................................................................................^ 8Streamflow data .......................................................................................................................................................... 8Streamflow characteristics ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Average annual runoff ...................................................................................................................................... 19Flow duration ................................................................................................................................................... 19Low flow .......................................................................................................................................................... 20High flow .......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Ground water........................................................................................................................................................................ 23Ground-water data ...................................................................................................................................................... 24Relation of ground water to geology .......................................................................................................................... 24
Quaternary deposits .......................................................................................................................................... 26Tertiary rocks ................................................................................................................................................... 27Mesozoic rocks ................................................................................................................................................ 28Paleozoic rocks ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Recharge, movement, and discharge .......................................................................................................................... 30Water use .................................................................................................................................................................^ 31Water quality ........................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Quality assurance and quality control ........................................................................................................................ 36Quality assurance ............................................................................................................................................. 36Quality control ................................................................................................................................................. 37
Streamflow quality ..................................................................................................................................................... 38Ground-water quality ................................................................................................................................................. 45
Quaternary deposits .......................................................................................................................................... 46Tertiary rocks ................................................................................................................................................... 46Mesozoic rocks ................................................................................................................................................ 50Paleozoic rocks ................................................................................................................................................ 52
Ground-water monitoring in Star Valley .............................................................................................................................. 52Summary and conclusions ................................................................................................................................................... 54References .........................................................................................................................................................................^ 56Glossary ............................................................................. 59Supplemental Data................................................................................................................................................................ 61
PLATES [plates are in pocket]
1. Geologic map of Lincoln County, Wyoming2. Map showing locations of selected streamflow-gaging and reservoir-content stations and miscellaneous
Streamflow sites in Lincoln County, Wyoming3. Map showing locations of wells and springs inventoried in Lincoln County, Wyoming
CONTENTS ii
FIGURES
Page
1. Map showing location and physiography of Lincoln County, Wyoming ................................................................. 32. Map showing mean annual precipitation for Lincoln County, Wyoming, 1951-80.................................................. 53. Graph showing mean monthly precipitation and air temperatures at Fontenelle Dam (1963-80) and town
of Afton (1951-80), Lincoln County, Wyoming................................................................................................... 64. Sketch showing procedure for collection of streamflow data at a gaging station..................................................... 95. Graph showing daily mean discharge for an ephemeral/intermittent stream and a perennial stream,
water year 1967 .................................................................................................................................................... 166. Graph showing flow-duration curves of daily mean discharge for Hams Fork below Pole Creek near
Frontier, Lincoln County, Wyoming, and Pacific Creek near Parson, Sweetwater County, Wyoming................ 217. Diagram showing systems for numbering wells and springs.................................................................................... 258. Map showing location of the Green, Bear, and Snake River drainage areas in Lincoln County, Wyoming ............ 399. Map showing location of streamflow data collection sites on the Salt River and a tributary to the Salt
River sampled July 18-23, 1994........................................................................................................................... 4410. Box plots showing distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples collected from wells
completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming ........................... 4711. Modified Stiff diagrams showing major cations and anions in selected water samples collected
from wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming ......... 4812. Map showing general location of Quaternary deposits, Tertiary rocks, and Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks
in Lincoln County, Wyoming............................................................................................................................... 4913. Map showing location of wells used in the Star Valley monitoring study, Idaho and Wyoming ............................. 53
TABLES
1. Selected streamflow-gaging and reservoir-content stations in Lincoln County, Wyoming ...................................... 102. Selected miscellaneous streamflow sites in Lincoln County, Wyoming................................................................... 143. Streamflow characteristics at selected streamflow-gaging stations in Lincoln County, Wyoming........................... 174. Seven-day low-flow discharges for selected streamflow-gaging stations in Lincoln County, Wyoming................. 225. Estimated ground water, surface water, and total water use in Lincoln County, Wyoming, 1993 ........................... 316. Source or cause, and significance of dissolved-mineral constituents and physical properties of water................... 337. Wyoming ground-water quality standards for domestic, agricultural, and livestock use......................................... 368. Selected maximum and secondary maximum contaminant levels for public drinking-water supplies.................... 379. Statistical summary of selected physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected
from streams and rivers in the Green, Bear, and Snake River Basins, Lincoln County, Wyoming..................... 4110. Statistical summary of seasonal nitrite plus nitrate data from ground-water samples collected during
the Star Valley monitoring study, 1993-95, Lincoln County, Wyoming.............................................................. 5411. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County, Wyoming....................................................................... 6312. Lithologic and water-yielding characteristics of geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming ............................... 7513. Instantaneous discharge, physical and biological properties, and chemical analyses of water samples
collected at streamflow sites on the Salt River and a tributary to the Salt River, sampled July 18-23, 1994, Idaho and Wyoming ................................................................................................................................... 84
14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from wells completed in andsprings issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming........................................................ 88
15. Concentrations of selected trace elements in water samples collected from wells completed in andsprings issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming........................................................ 112
16. Physical properties and chemical analyses of ground-water samples collected from wells sampledduring the Star Valley monitoring study, 1993-95, Lincoln County, Wyoming................................................... 126
iv WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY, WYOMING
CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATIONS
Multiply By To obtain
acre acre
acre-foot (acre-ft)acre-foot (acre-ft)
cubic foot per second (ff/s)cubic foot per second per square
mile [(ft3/s)/mi2 ]foot (ft)
gallongallon per minute (gal/min)
inch (in.)inch per year (in/yr)
mile (mi)million gallons (Mgal)
square mile (mi )
4,0470.4047
1,2330.001233
0.028320.01093
0.30480.0037850.06309
25.425.4
1.6093,785
2.59
square meterhectarecubic metercubic hectometer
cubic meter per secondcubic meter per second per
square kilometer metercubic meter liter per second millimeter (mm) millimeter per year kilometer cubic meter
square kilometer
Temperature can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:
°F = 9/5 (°C) + 32
°C = 5/9 (°F - 32)
Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of J929.
Abbreviated water-quality units used in this report:
meq/L mg/L
urn
uS/cm
milliequivalents per litermilligram per litermicrogram per liter
micrometer
microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius
Abbreviations used in this report:
MCLNAWQANWQLSMCLUSEPAUSGS
maximum contaminant levelNational Water Quality Assessment ProgramNational Water Quality Laboratory of U.S. Geological Surveysecondary maximum contaminant levelU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyU.S. Geological Survey
CONTENTS
WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY,WYOMING
By Cheryl A. Eddy-Miller, Maria Plafcan, and Melanie L. Clark
ABSTRACT
Surface-water, ground-water and water-quality data were compiled to describe the general occurrence, availability, and chemical quality of the water resources of Lincoln County, Wyoming. These data are needed to plan for and to manage the increased demands for water in the county. This study was conducted in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer.
The average annual runoff varied for the two hydrologic regions that occur in Lincoln County. In the Mountainous Region, average annual runoff ranged from 1.05 to 40 inches per year. Although no streamflow-gaging stations in the county were identified as receiving most of their flow from the High Desert Region, this type of stream does exist in the county. At a gaging station located 40 miles east of the county in the High Desert Region, the average annual runoff was 0.1 inch per year.
Geologic units were grouped mainly by age, and include deposits of Quaternary age, and rocks of Tertiary, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic age. Rocks of Precambrian age are not exposed at the surface in Lincoln County. More wells were developed in Quaternary deposits than any other geologic unit in the county. The most productive alluvial and colluvial aquifers in the Overthrust Belt, with pumping wells discharging up to 2,000 gallons per minute, are located in the valleys of the Bear River and Salt River (Star Valley).
Ground-water movement is related to the location of the recharge and discharge areas and to the thickness and permeability of aquifer materials. The ground-water connection between areas in the Overthrust Belt and the Green River Basin is restricted by folded and faulted rocks that are a result of regional tectonic (or orogenic (mountain building)) activity during middle Mesozoic and early Cenozoic time. Ground-water movement is difficult to define by aquifer within the Overthrust Belt because of the numerous faults and fractures. Most of the water discharged from the major limestone and dolomite aquifers of the Paleozoic (including the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age, Darby Formation of Devonian age, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age) in the Overthrust Belt is from large springs. Water recharging these aquifers in one surface drainage basin may discharge in another drainage basin via interbasin transfers of ground water.
Total water use in Lincoln County during 1993 was estimated to be 405,000 million gallons. Surface water was the source for about 98 percent of the water used in the county; ground water accounted for about 2 percent of the water used. Hydroelectric power generation and irrigation used the largest amount of water.
Discharge measurements and surface-water samples were collected from the Salt River and one tributary to the Salt River during a streamflow sampling event in Star Valley, July 18-23, 1994. During that time, the river had an overall gain of 340 cubic feet per second along the reach from the Salt River's entrance into Star Valley to where the river discharges into Palisades Reservoir.
ABSTRACT 1
Dissolved-solids concentrations varied greatly for ground-water samples collected from 35 geologic units. Dissolved-solids concentrations in all water samples collected from the Laney Member of the Green River Formation of Tertiary age were greater than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 500 milligrams per liter established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. All ground-water samples collected from the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations of Tertiary age, the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age contained dissolved-solids concentrations less than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level.
Increased population growth in Star Valley and recent detections of nitrate concentrations above the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, prompted a study of the baseline water quality of the ground water. Ten domestic wells completed in the Salt River alluvium and colluvium were established as monitoring wells in 1993. A total of 84 ground-water samples were collected from the wells used in the Star Valley monitoring study. No water sample had a nitrate concentration greater than the maximum contaminant level. Statistical analysis indicated there was no significant difference between the water quality data collected in different seasons, and no correlation between the nitrate concentrations and the depth to ground water.
INTRODUCTION
Lincoln County was established February 20, 1911 with land partitioned from Uinta County. In 1921, Lincoln County was reduced to the current 4,182 square miles when Teton and Sublette Counties were created, making Lincoln the llth largest county in Wyoming (Wyoming Historical Records Survey, 1941, p. 1) (fig. 1). Lincoln County development was primarily due to mining, westward expansion, and settlement by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Wyoming Historical Records Survey, 1941). Water is and has been a critical resource during the development of the county, especially for irrigation and mining use. Construction of canals in Star Valley, which were essential for crop production, was started in 1889 (Corsi, 1990). The county's population according to the 1990 census is 12,625 (Wyoming Data Handbook, 1991, p. 250). Most of the current population is divided between the Kemmerer area and Star Valley.
The topography of the county ranges from the flat intermontane Star Valley in the north-western part of the county; rises quickly to high mountains in the central part of the county; and returns to flat, arid, sage and grasslands in the southern and eastern part of the county. Altitudes range from 5,600 feet near Star Valley to 11,378 feet at the top of Wyoming Peak. The Green, Bear, and Snake Rivers are the principal rivers providing surface-water drainage in the county. Currently, water in the county is used mostly for power generation, agriculture, industry, public supply, and domestic use.
Purpose and Scope
The purpose of this report is to determine and describe the general occurrence, availability, and chemical quality of surface and ground water of Lincoln County, Wyoming. The information presented can be used in management of the water resources, including planning and designing new water supplies and related economic developments. This report, prepared in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer, is one of a series of reports describing the water resources of selected Wyoming counties.
The principal water resources in the county are streamflow and ground water. Streamflow is described first, but the emphasis is on ground water. The relation of ground water to geology is described, as well as ground-water recharge, movement, and discharge. A geologic map was compiled for Lincoln County (pi. 1).
2 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
IHTO
43°00'
42°30'|
-HSff
LOWSTONEV NATIONAL
PARK C-
< PARK ! BIG HORN
r ? r. -o i oi H s I 8
(LINCOLNP - i, -. ......-. | CARBON | i i i
UINTA I I"" LARAMIE I UINTA ALBANY ________1
Base from U.S. Geological Survey 1:500,000 State base map, 1980
R. 120W. 119 118 117 116 115 114
Figure 1. Location and physiography of Lincoln County, Wyoming.
INTRODUCTION 3
Streamflow (pi. 2) and ground-water (pi. 3) sites were inventoried and sampled for this study from 1993 to 1995 to improve data coverage of the county. In 1994, chemical characteristics and discharge data were collected at 10 sites on the Salt River and one tributary to the Salt River. The ground-water inventory consisted of collecting data at 191 wells and springs during 1993-95, in addition to analyzing the existing data in the U.S. Geological Survey databases.
Climate
The climate of Lincoln County varies in response to altitude, season, and topographic features. Precipitation in the county ranged from less that 8 inches per year in the southeastern part of the county to an estimated 60 inches in the Wyoming Range during the period of 1951 -80 (fig. 2). A weather station at the dam on Fontenelle Reservoir records an average 6.5 inches of precipitation per year in contrast to the station of similar elevation near the Afton that records an average 18 inches of precipitation per year (fig. 3). This difference is attributed to the southeastern part of the county being in a rain shadow, a dry region on the lee side of the Salt River and Wyoming Ranges. Most of the southeastern part of the county receives less than 10 inches of precipitation, and is classified as desert (Mariner, 1986, p. 6). The precipitation estimate for the Wyoming Range is based on correlations of annual precipitation with snowpack measurements and terrain factors, such as altitude, and should be regarded with caution (Mariner, 1986, p. 78). The estimates are included to show ihe variability of precipitalion wilh respecl lo large changes in altitude thai occur in the counly.
Temperatures in Lincoln County vary mainly in response lo changing seasons. Mean monlhly air lemperalures were recorded al six wealher slalions located around Ihe counly (Afton, Bedford, Sage, Kemmerer, La Barge, and ihe dam al Fonlenelle Reservoir). The temperatures recorded at these slalions vary an average of 4°F belween ihe slalions al any given lime ihroughoul Ihe year. However, Ihe mean monlhly lemperalure al Ihe six slalions varies an average of 47°F belween winter and summer (Mariner, 1986).
Generalized Geologic History
Lincoln Counly has Iwo dislincl geologic terrains, ihe Overthrusl Bell in Ihe western part of Ihe counly and the Green River Basin in the eastern part. The north-soulh Irending Darby Thrusl Faull separates ihe regions (pi. 3) (Ahern and others. 1981, fig. II-5). The cenlral and western parts of Ihe counly include part of Ihe Overthrusl Bell and are characterized by north-south Irending mounlain ranges and valleys. The eastern part of Ihe counly includes a portion of ihe Green River Basin, which is an inlermonlane basin characterized by high plains, plateaus, and dissected terrain. Descriplions of Ihe geology of Ihe Overthrusl Bell and Green River Basin in ihis report are limited to the deposils wilhin Lincoln Counly.
A geologic map of Lincoln Counly is shown on plate 1. Igneous and melamorphic basemenl rocks of Precambrian age consisting of granite-gneiss, schisl, granite, and pegmatite underlie the Overthrust Belt and Ihe Green River Basin bul are nol exposed al Ihe surface. Surficial geologic unils in Ihe Overthrusl Bell range from sedimenlary rocks of Cambrian age lo unconsolidaled deposils of Quaternary age. Surficial geologic unils in Ihe Green River Basin range from sedimenlary rocks of Tertiary age lo unconsolidaled deposils of Quaternary age.
Sedimenlary rock sequences of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age were deposited by alternating transgressive and regressive seas. In Lincoln Counly, Ihese rocks are composed mainly of limestone, dolomite, sillslone, sandstone, conglomerate, mudslone, and shale. The Flalhead Sandstone, Gros Venire Formation, and ihe Gallalin Limestone of Cambrian age are examples of formations deposited by Iransgressive seas. Mesozoic rocks in Ihe counly were deposited in environmenls ranging from continental shelf lo continental. The continental shelf deposilional environmenl occurs belween Ihe shoreline and deep ocean. Continental deposils
4 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
T. 37 N. 40
43W
42°00'-
1 I 0 5 10 KILOMETERS
EXPLANATION
LINE OF EQUAL MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION-lntervals are 2, 4, and 20 inches
10 MILES
Base from U.S. Geological Survey 1:500,000 State base map, 1980
26
R.120W. 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 R.112W.
Figure 2. Mean annual precipitation for Lincoln County, Wyoming, 1951-80 (modified from Mariner, 1986 fig. 6.1).
INTRODUCTION 5
5.00
4.00
- 3.00
Q_O 2.00
1.00
0.00
PRECIPITATION Fonlenelle Dam
Afton
TEMPERATURE Fonlenelle Dam
Afton
80.0
LU
70.0LJJtr
60.0
LU
50.0 tr (3LJJQ
40.0 z
30.0
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
20.0
10.0
0.0
LJJ
Figure 3. Mean monthly precipitation and air temperatures at Fontenelle Dam (1963-80) and town of Afton (1951 -80), Lincoln County, Wyoming (data from Mariner, 1986).
are formed on land rather than in the sea and may include sediments of lake, swamp, wind, stream, or volcanic origin. Mesozoic rocks in the county include limestone, siltstone, sandstone, coal, conglomerate, mudstone, and shale. Deposition and erosion of continental sediments has prevailed since the last marine regression during the Upper Cretaceous (Berry, 1955, p. 5). Tertiary rocks generally include intertonguing sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and conglomerates deposited in fluvial (stream/river) and lacustrine (lake) environments. Unconsolidated Quaternary deposits include terrace gravels, graded fluvial sands and gravels, dune sand and loess, landslide, glacial, fan, and alluvial and colluvial deposits.
Thrust faulting, an overriding movement of one crustal unit over another, began in the western part of the Overthrust Belt during the Late Jurassic, continued during the Laramide orogeny, and ended in the early Eocene (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 1). In the Overthrust Belt, Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks were thrust eastward and folded by a series of low-angle, westward-dipping thrust faults (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 26). The main geologic structural features of the Green River Basin were formed during the Laramide orogeny that extended from the Late Cretaceous into late Eocene time. The Laramide orogeny was not a single, long-term mountain building event, but rather a combination of intermittent tectonic activities that included uplifts, thrust faulting, local folding and normal faulting, and basin subsidence (Roehler, 1992, p. A2). The end of basin subsidence in the Green River Basin marked the end of the Laramide orogeny in the late Eocene (Roehler, 1992, p. A2). Tectonic activity has continued in the Overthrust Belt since the Laramide orogeny as indicated by faulted fan deposits (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 1). More recently, a series of earthquakes occurred in 1994 in the western part of Star Valley that ranged in magnitude from 4.3 to 5.9 on the Richter scale (Gary Glass, Wyoming State Geological Survey, written commun., 1994).
Mountains in the Overthrust Belt are bounded on the east by thrust faults and on the west by high-angle normal or reverse faults. Fossil Basin is a small structural basin in the southern part of the Overthrust Belt in Lincoln County. The eastern boundary of the basin is formed by Oyster Ridge, a north-south trending hogback ridge formed by resistent, west-dipping sandstone beds of Upper Cretaceous age (Roehler, 1992, p. A4) (pi. 3). The ridge formed a topographic barrier separating Fossil Basin and the Green River Basin during the deposition
6 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
of some Tertiary rocks (Oriel and Tracey, 1970, p. 5). Star Valley, in the northwestern part of Lincoln County, is an elongate, northwest-trending intermontane valley. The valley is divided into two sections by a constriction called the Narrows that separates the southern part of Star Valley from the northern part of Star Valley (pi. 3). The valley is bounded to the east by the abrupt uplift of the Salt River Range along the Star Valley Fault and to the west and south by rolling uplands of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks called the Gannett Hills (Walker, 1965, p. C3) (pi. 3). Unconsolidated Quaternary fan deposits, built by erosion of the flanking mountains, and alluvium and colluvium occur on the valley floor.
The Darby Thrust Fault is the western geologic boundary of the Green River Basin. Relatively undisturbed Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks in the Green River Basin are deeply buried beneath Tertiary and Quaternary deposits compared to the folded and faulted Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks in the Overthrust Belt. The main structural feature within the Green River Basin part of the county is the Moxa Arch (pi. 3), a low- relief, south plunging anticline (Lickus and Law, 1988). The southeastern sector of the study area occupies part of the western limb of the Moxa Arch. During the Paleocene and Eocene, the Green River Basin was occupied by ancient Lake Gosiute. The intertonguing of the Bridger, Green River, and Wasatch Formations is the result of areal water-level fluctuations of Lake Gosiute coupled with regional tectonic activity (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 21). About 10,000 feet of sediments accumulated as a result of various depositional processes operating in and surrounding the Basin during the Tertiary (Ahern and others, 1981).
Water-Right Administration
By Richard G. Stockdale, Wyoming State Engineer's Office
According to Article 8, Section 1 of the Wyoming State constitution, "The water of all natural streams, springs, lakes or other collections of still water, within the boundaries of the state, are hereby declared to be property of the state." Anyone desiring to use water beneficially in Wyoming must apply for and obtain an approved permit from the State Engineer to appropriate water prior to initiating construction of water-diversion structures, such as dams, headgates, spring boxes, and wells. Once a permit to appropriate water has been obtained from the State Engineer, the permittee may proceed with construction of the water-diversion works and with beneficial use of the diverted water for the purposes specified in the permit. Such diversion and beneficial use need to be made in accordance with statutory provisions. After the permittee has beneficially used the diverted water for all of the permitted uses at all of the permitted point(s) or area(s) of use, proof of beneficial use is filed, and the water right is adjudicated (finalized). The adjudication process fixes the location of the water-diversion structure, the use, the quantity, and the points or areas of use for the water right.
Wyoming water rights are administered using the Doctrine of Prior Appropriation, commonly referred to as the "First in time, first in right" system. Article 8, Section 3 of the Wyoming constitution states: "Priority of appropriation for beneficial uses shall give the better right." The priority date of an appropriation is established as the date when the application for permit to appropriate water is received in the State Engineer's Office.
Water-right administration is conducted by the State Engineer and four Water Division Superintendents. Article 8, Section 5 of the Wyoming constitution provides for the appointment of a State Engineer, and Section 4 provides for the creation of four Water Divisions in the State and the appointment of a superintendent in each division. The State Engineer is Wyoming's chief water-administration official and has general supervision of all waters of the State. The superintendents, along with their staff of hydrographers and water commissioners, are responsible for the local administration of water rights and the collection of hydrologic data in their respective divisions.
INTRODUCTION 7
Deviations from the standard water-right administrative system of "First in time, first in right" might exist. Such deviations might be caused by conditions in compacts, court decrees, and treaties or through the creation of special water-management districts. Virtually every stream exiting the State is subject to a compact, court decree, or treaty that dictates to some degree how the appropriations on that specific stream are administered. Although the interstate nature of ground water and the interconnection of ground water with streams are recognized, the development of interstate agreements on use of water from aquifers is still in its infancy. The reason that few ground-water compacts exist is twofold. First, there is a lack of sound technical data on which to base appropriate administrative allocations of ground water between adjoining States, and second, there is not sufficient competition between Wyoming and adjoining States to require binding interstate agreements or allocations of ground-water resources.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and assistance of farmers, ranchers, landowners, and drillers of Lincoln County. Individuals from the Star Valley Conservation District provided invaluable assistance with locating monitoring wells within the valley. The help and orientation from Ken Mills of the Natural Resources Conservation Service was greatly appreciated. John P. R. Holland II, Julie A. Whalen, Kirk A. Miller, Pamela M. Hann, and Joel M. Galloway of the U.S. Geological Survey are recognized for exceptional help with data collection.
STREAMFLOW
The headwaters of tributaries to three major drainage basins originate in Lincoln County: the Green River, the Bear River, and the Snake River Basins (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 3; Schuetz and others, 1995, p. 2). Major tributaries to the Green River include La Barge Creek and Hams Fork. The major tributary to the Bear River is Smiths Fork. Major tributaries to the Snake River include the Salt River and the Greys River. The geographic location where all three basins meet is the Tri-Basin Divide, located approximately 14 miles southeast of Smoot on National Forest land (fig. 1).
Streamfiow Data
Streamflow data are needed when planning, designing, or managing water use and development associated with streams. To obtain these data, streamflow-gaging or sampling stations are installed and operated on the principal streams. At these stations, data are collected continuously or periodically. Streamflow-gaging and sampling stations are operated for a variety of purposes in the county; a primary purpose is for planning and managing irrigation-water supplies.
Streamflow data generally are collected at continuous-record streamflow gaging stations, where water-level sensing equipment and a recorder are housed in a streamside shelter. Using discharge measurements of the streamflow, hydrographers develop a relation known as a rating between stage (water level) and measured discharge at the gaging station (fig. 4). This rating is used with the continuous record of stage from the gaging- station recorder to develop a continuous record of stream discharge. The locations of 61 gaging stations where substantial amounts of data have been collected for streamflow and water quality in the county are shown on plate 2, and specific information concerning these stations is listed in table 1. Records for some stations listed in this table may have been published previously using a slightly different station name. Previously published names are included in the station manuscript of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources Data report for Wyoming, which is published annually.
8 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Select measurement site
Stream
X-Select cross section
X
Stream stage (water level)
Left bank
Discharge measurement
Right bank
Subdivide cross section and measure width, depth, and mean velocity of each subsection. Multiply width, depth, and velocity to obtain discharge for each subsection. Sum increments to determine total discharge of stream.
Stage-discharge ratingConstruct stage-discharge rating from discharges measured at various stages.
DISCHARGE
Collect continuous record of stage at gaging station. Combine rating with stage record to yield discharge record.
Figure 4. Procedure for collection of streamflow data at a gaging station (from Lowham, 1988, p. 13).
STREAMFLOW 9
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10 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Tabl
e 1.
S
elec
ted
stre
amflo
w-g
agin
g an
d re
serv
oir-
cont
ent s
tatio
ns in
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
Site
nu
mbe
r St
atio
n (p
i. 2)
nu
mbe
r
_i -REAMFI
O
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41
1002
8000
1002
8500
1002
9000
1002
9500
1003
0000
1003
0300
1003
0500
1003
1000
1003
2000
1003
2500
1003
2700
1003
2800
1003
3000
1003
3500
1003
4000
1003
4500
1003
5000
1003
5500
1003
6500
1003
8000
1004
0000
Stat
ion
nam
e
Div
ersi
ons
from
Bea
r Riv
er b
etw
een
Ran
dolp
h an
d be
low
Pix
ley
Dam
gag
ing
stat
ions
Bea
r Riv
er b
elow
Pix
ley
Dam
, nea
r Cok
evill
e (n
ear
Cok
evill
e)
Leed
s C
reek
nea
r C
okev
ille
Bea
r R
iver
abo
ve S
uble
tte C
reek
, ne
ar C
okev
ille
Subl
ette
Cre
ek n
ear
Cok
evill
e
Smith
s Fo
rk n
ear
Aft
on
Smith
s Fo
rk n
ear
Smoo
t
Smith
s Fo
rk a
bove
Hob
ble
Cre
ek, n
ear
Gen
eva,
Ida
ho
Smith
s Fo
rk n
ear
Bor
der
Coa
l (H
owla
nd)
Cre
ek n
ear C
okev
ille
Mud
dy C
reek
abo
ve M
ill C
reek
, nea
r C
okev
ille
Mill
Cre
ek n
ear
Cok
evill
e
Gra
de C
reek
nea
r C
okev
ille
Pine
Cre
ek a
bove
div
ersi
ons,
nea
r C
okev
ille
Div
ersi
ons
from
Pin
e C
reek
Bru
ner
Cre
ek a
bove
Cov
ey C
anal
, nea
r Cok
evill
e
Smith
s Fo
rk a
t Cok
evill
e
Spri
ng C
reek
abo
ve C
ovey
Can
al, n
ear
Cok
evill
e
Bir
ch C
reek
nea
r C
okev
ille
Bea
r R
iver
bel
ow S
mith
s Fo
rk, n
ear
Cok
evill
e
Tho
mas
For
k (S
alt
Cre
ek)
near
Gen
eva,
Ida
ho
Dra
inag
e-ba
si
area
(m
i2)
NC
2,03
2 NC
^,11
0 NC 1.62
17.3
NC
165 N
C
20.7 8.07
NC
NC
NC
NC
275 N
C
NC
2,44
7 45.3
Peri
od o
f re
cord
in c
alen
dar
year
s
n D
aily
or
mon
thly
A
nnua
l pe
ak
Qua
lity
disc
harg
e or
con
tent
di
scha
rge
Che
mic
al
Sedi
men
t
4195
8 3i
944_
48;3
i953
_56
1941
-43;
195
2-56
; 21
958-
94
3 194
4
1948
-55
3i94
4-45
; 31
955-
56;
4195
8
1964
-70
1943
3 194
4-46
2 194
2-94
3i94
4-48
; 3i
953_
56
1965
-69
1966
-69
3i94
4-48
; 3i
953-
56;
4195
8
3i94
4-48
; 3i
953_
56;
4 195
8-6
5
3 194
4-48
; 3 1
953-
56;
4195
8
3194
4-48
;31
953-
56;
4195
8
1942
-52
- 19
85-8
8;
1989
-92
1990
-92
3i94
4-48
; 31
953-
56;
4195
8
4 194
4-45
21 9
54-9
4 -
2199
3-94
1939
-51
Bio
logy
-- -- - -- - - - - - - -- - - - --
2199
3-94
--
Tabl
e 1.
S
elec
ted
stre
amflo
w-g
agin
g an
d re
serv
oir-
cont
ent s
tatio
ns in
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
WATER RESOUF
,JW O m
(/) O : LINCOLN
O
O C z ~*
Sit
e nu
mbe
r S
tati
on
(pi.
2)
num
ber
42 43
44 45
46 47
48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
1004
1000
1302
1500
1302
1700
1302
2000
1302
2500
1302
2550
1302
2570
1302
3000
1302
3500
1302
3800
1302
3900
1302
4500
1302
5000
1302
5500
1302
6500
1302
7000
1302
7500
1302
8000
1302
8500
1302
9000
Dra
inag
e-ba
sil
Sta
tion
nam
e ar
ea (
mi2
)
Tho
mas
For
k (S
alt
Cre
ek)
near
Wyo
min
g-Id
aho
Stat
e lin
e
Bai
ley
Cre
ek n
ear
Alp
ine,
Ida
ho (
Wyo
min
g)
Wes
t Tab
le C
reek
nea
r A
lpin
e
Wol
f C
reek
nea
r A
lpin
e, W
yom
ing
(Ida
ho)
Snak
e R
iver
abo
ve r
eser
voir
, ne
ar A
lpin
e
Red
Cre
ek n
ear
Alp
ine
Cot
tonw
ood
Cre
ek n
ear
Alp
ine
Gre
ys R
iver
abo
ve r
eser
voir
, ne
ar A
lpin
e (n
ear
Alp
ine,
Id
aho)
Snak
e R
iver
bel
ow G
reys
Riv
er,
at A
lpin
e, I
daho
Fish
Cre
ek n
ear
Smoo
t
Salt
Riv
er n
ear
Smoo
t
Cot
tonw
ood
Cre
ek n
ear
Smoo
t
Swif
t C
reek
nea
r A
fton
Cro
w C
reek
nea
r Fa
irvi
ew
Salt
Riv
er n
ear
Tha
yne
Stra
wbe
rry
Cre
ek n
ear
Bed
ford
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
res
ervo
ir,
near
Etn
a
Salt
Riv
er n
ear
Alp
ine,
Ida
ho
Salt
Riv
er a
t Wyo
min
g-Id
aho
Stat
e lin
e
Snak
e R
iver
nea
r A
lpin
e
113 15
.9
1.06
13.1
3,46
5 3.88
2.40
448
3,94
0 !3.6
0
47.8
26.3
27.4
'115 57
0 21.3
829
878
890
4,84
1
Per
iod
of r
ecor
d in
cal
enda
r ye
ars
n D
aily
or
mon
thly
A
nnua
l pe
ak
Qua
lity
disc
harg
e or
con
tent
di
scha
rge
Che
mic
al
Sed
imen
t B
iolo
gy
1949
-92
1917
-18
1964
-69
1917
-18
1964
-67
2193
7-39
; 19
53-9
4 -
1965
-86;
19
74-7
7 19
73-8
0 19
88
1964
-73
1964
-72
1917
-18;
193
7-39
; 21
953-
94
1944
-54
1964
-74
1932
-57
-
1981
-85
1932
-57
1942
-80
--
1965
;19
81-8
5
1946
-49;
196
1-6
7 -
1965
;19
83-8
4
1932
-33;
1961
-67
1932
-43
2195
3-94
-
2196
5-94
21
989-
94
1970
;19
73-8
1;19
89-9
2
1917
-18
1933
-55
1916
-18;
1934
App
roxi
mat
e.
2Cur
rent
ly in
ope
ratio
n (1
994)
.3F
rom
rep
orts
of B
ear
Riv
er H
ydro
met
ric
Dat
a (U
.S.
Geo
logi
cal
Surv
ey O
pen-
File
Rep
ort)
as
cite
d in
U.S
. Geo
logi
cal
Surv
ey,
1971
, p. 3
2.
4Pub
lishe
d in
rep
orts
of B
ear R
iver
Com
mis
sion
.
Streamflow and water-quality data are sometimes required locally where streamflow-gaging or sampling stations are not operated. For example, determination of water loss or gain from seepage in a particular stream reach may require measurements of discharge at several locations along the stream reach. Likewise, definition of water-quality changes within a stream reach may require that water samples be collected (periodically or routinely) at several locations to account for the effects of inflows from seeps and tributaries. Locations where measurements or samples were collected infrequently are defined as miscellaneous streamflow sites. Locations of 52 miscellaneous streamflow sites used for this study are shown on plate 2, and specific information con cerning these sites is listed in table 2.
Additional information about streamflow-gaging stations and miscellaneous streamflow sites in the county can be obtained from computer files and published reports of the USGS. Inquiries can be directed to the District Chief, U.S. Geological Survey, 2617 E. Lincolnway, Suite B, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001-5662.
Streamflow Characteristics
Streams in Lincoln County can be classified as ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial. Assigning a stream type can be somewhat arbitrary because the process depends on which reach of the stream is being considered and the length of time the stream has been observed (Lowham, 1985, p. 32).
Streams that primarily drain desert areas of the county are usually ephemeral or intermittent. Ephemeral and intermittent streams only flow periodically in response to direct surface runoff and often have extended periods of no flow (Lowham, 1988, p. 5). The two stream types differ slightly, as intermittent streams may receive some ground-water inflow in addition to direct surface runoff; however, ground-water inflow is insuffi cient to sustain flow throughout the year (Lowham, 1985, p. 32). For the purpose of this report, ephemeral and intermittent stream types will be classified as one type: ephemeral/intermittent. A hydrograph for Pacific Creek near Parson (located 40 miles east of Fontenelle in Sweetwater County) illustrates the streamflow of an ephemeral/intermittent stream (fig. 5).
Most perennial streams originate in the mountainous areas of the county. Streamflow in these areas occurs mainly as a result of snowmelt runoff (Lowham, 1988, p. 5). Water stored as ground water in the mountains is released slowly, maintaining streamflow throughout the year. An example of a perennial stream is Hams Fork below Pole Creek near Frontier (site 13); a hydrograph for this streamflow-gaging station is shown in figure 5. The hydrograph shows the characteristic period of snowmelt runoff from April through July followed by sustained flow throughout the year.
The continuous record of stream discharge, described in the "Streamflow Data" section, can be summa rized statistically to express streamflow characteristics, such as, average daily, monthly, or yearly rates or volumes of discharge. Instantaneous peak flow and total runoff for a particular period also can be determined from the records. Streamflow characteristics at 21 selected streamflow-gaging stations in the county are listed in table 3 and include: average annual flow, average annual runoff, and annual peak flow for selected recurrence intervals. Additional streamflow characteristics can be found in Peterson (1988, p. 52-61; p. 102-109; p. 178- 185; p. 188-193, and p. 208-221).
Estimates of streamflow characteristics at sites with no streamflow-gaging stations can be made using equations "that relate streamflow characteristics to features of the drainage basin" (Lowham, 1988, p. 16). Factors affecting streamflow are climate, topography, and geology. Wyoming's terrain is diverse, and because these factors vary with terrain, Lowham (1988, p. 18) identified three distinct hydrologic regions in the State and developed different equations to estimate streamflow characteristics in each region. The three hydrologic regions are Mountainous, High Desert, and Plains. The region boundaries were defined by the use of color- infrared imagery and known streamflow characteristics. Most of Lincoln County is within the Mountainous Region. The southeastern and southwestern parts of the county are located in the High Desert Region: the Plains Region is not present in Lincoln County.
STREAMFLOW 13
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1
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c
CO
bb'S
5reek belc Dntenelle
u x<D UN *-j C^
c^ c
0 U
O coZ oo
CN O0 O^t- inCN OO O
CN O
VO O\in in
O O CN Of""^i (~~i
if inCN OO 0
CN Oin oVO O\in in*^t *^t
^ inCN CN
14 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Tabl
e 2.
S
elec
ted
mis
cella
neou
s st
ream
flow
site
s in
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
Site
num
ber
(pi.
2)
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Mis
cell
aneo
us s
trea
mfl
ow
site
num
ber
4159
0311
0110
501
4159
0511
0111
201
4201
4111
0034
801
4202
2111
0554
901
4204
0511
0570
801
4204
2611
0571
901
4205
0711
0092
100
4205
1811
0565
501
4205
3411
0565
901
4205
4011
0570
201
4206
1011
0075
201
4213
0011
0321
501
4214
5011
0105
001
4229
5811
0391
501
4231
3211
0525
801
4236
1011
0283
001
4236
5811
0555
701
4241
1911
0594
701
4245
2611
0581
301
4247
4111
0582
801
4250
2711
0584
801
1302
6200
0
4252
5011
0595
701
4255
2911
1005
801
4258
5511
1015
001
4302
4411
1020
601
4307
0811
0512
401
Loc
atio
n (d
egre
es,
min
utes
, se
cond
s)L
atit
ude
41 5
9 03
41 5
9 05
42 0
1 41
42 0
2 21
42 0
4 05
42 0
4 26
42 0
5 07
420518
42 0
5 34
42 0
5 40
42
06
10
42
13
00
42
14
50
42 2
9 58
4231
32
42 3
6 10
423658
4241
19
42 4
5 26
42 4
7 41
42 5
0 27
42 5
0 28
42 5
2 50
42 5
5 29
42 5
8 55
43 0
2 44
43 0
7 08
Lon
gitu
de
1101
1 12
1101
1 12
1100
348
1105
549
1105
708
1105
719
1100
921
1105
655
1105
659
1105
702
1100
752
1103
2 15
1101
050
1103
915
1105
258
1102
830
1105
557
1105
947
1105
8 13
1105
828
1105
848
1105
900
1105
957
111
0058
111
1050
111
0206
1105
1 24
Sit
e na
me
Slat
e C
reek
at
Hig
hway
189
, nea
r Fo
nten
elle
Slat
e C
reek
nea
r Fo
nten
elle
Font
enel
le R
eser
voir
nea
r D
am,
near
Fon
tene
lle
Subl
ette
Cre
ek a
t H
ighw
ay 3
0 N
, at
Cok
evill
e
Forg
en S
loug
h ne
ar C
okev
ille
Spri
ng C
reek
bel
ow r
ailr
oad
brid
ge,
at C
okev
ille
Font
enel
le R
eser
voir
at M
uddy
Cre
ek A
rm
Spri
ng C
reek
at
Hig
hway
30
N,
at C
okev
ille
Sout
h Fo
rk a
t Hig
hway
30,
at
Cok
evill
e
Smith
s Fo
rk a
t H
ighw
ay 3
0 N
, at
Cok
evill
e
Font
enel
le R
eser
voir
abo
ve F
onte
nelle
Cre
ek,
near
Fon
tene
lle
Font
enel
le C
reek
abo
ve P
erki
ns C
reek
, ne
ar F
onte
nelle
Gre
en R
iver
bel
ow S
pur
Can
yon,
nea
r L
a B
arge
La
Bar
ge C
reek
nea
r Se
aler
s C
abin
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
Fis
h C
reek
, ne
ar S
moo
t
Mid
dle
Fork
Pin
ey C
reek
at F
ores
t B
ound
ary,
nea
r L
a B
arge
Salt
Riv
er a
t Cou
nty
Roa
d 14
8, n
ear
Smoo
t
Cro
w C
reek
at
Cou
nty
Roa
d 14
3, n
ear
Fair
view
Salt
Riv
er b
elow
Cro
w C
reek
, ne
ar A
fton
Salt
Riv
er a
t H
ighw
ay 2
37,
near
Aub
urn
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
Nar
row
s, n
ear
Aub
urn
Salt
Riv
er n
ear
Aub
urn
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
Eas
t Si
de C
anal
, ne
ar T
hayn
e
Salt
Riv
er a
t Tha
yne
Salt
Riv
er a
t H
ighw
ay 2
39,
near
Fre
edom
Salt
Riv
er a
t Cou
nty
Roa
d 11
1, n
ear
Etn
a
Gre
ys R
iver
bel
ow L
ake
Cre
ek,
near
Alp
ine
o oLLJ CO CC LU Q_
tnLU LL
O00z> o
LU O CC <XoCO Q
1,000
500
200
100
50
20
10
5
2
1
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01
10,000
5,000
2,000
1,000
500
200
100
50
20
10
5
2
1
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01
PACIFIC CREEK NEAR FARSON, WYOMING09215000Ephemeral/intermittent stream
Daily discharges equal to zero were converted to 0.01 for graphing purposes
Oct Nov
1966
Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
1967
June July Aug Sept
SITE 13
HAMS FORK BELOW POLE CREEKNEAR FRONTIER, WYOMING09223000Perennial stream
Oct Nov
1966
Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
1967
June July Aug Sept
Figure 5. Daily mean discharge for an ephemeral/intermittent stream and a perennial stream, water year 1967.
16 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Tabl
e 3.
S
trea
mflo
w c
hara
cter
istic
s at
sel
ecte
d st
ream
flow
-gag
ing
stat
ions
in L
inco
ln C
ount
y, W
yom
ing
[Site
num
ber:
Sim
plifi
ed s
ite n
umbe
r us
ed in
this
rep
ort t
o id
entif
y lo
catio
n of
str
eam
flow
-gag
ing
stat
ions
, m
i , s
quar
e m
iles;
Qa,
aver
age
annu
al f
low
, in
cubi
c fe
et p
er s
econ
d (f
t /s
), nu
mbe
r in
pa
rent
hese
s is
ave
rage
ann
ual r
unof
f, in
inch
es; a
vera
ge a
nnua
l run
off r
epre
sent
s av
erag
e de
pth,
in in
ches
, ove
r the
ent
ire
drai
nage
bas
in.
M, M
ount
aino
us R
egio
n (c
lass
ific
atio
n fr
om L
owha
m,
1988
, p.
18;
pi.
1); P
t, an
nual
pea
k flo
w, i
n cu
bic
feet
per
sec
ond,
with
sub
scri
pt d
esig
natin
g th
e av
erag
e re
curr
ence
inte
rval
in y
ears
(da
ta a
re f
rom
Pet
erso
n, 1
988,
p. 5
2-61
; p.
102-
109;
p.
178-
185;
p.
188-
193;
p.
208
-221
). T
he p
eak
flow
s lis
ted
are
estim
ates
bas
ed o
n a
Pear
son
Type
III
pro
babi
lity
dist
ribu
tion
of g
aged
dis
char
ges;
Fac
tors
aff
ectin
g na
tura
l flo
w:
desc
ript
ions
are
fro
m P
eter
son,
198
8;
--, n
ot c
ompu
ted]
Site
num
ber
(pi.
2) 1
Dra
inag
e-ba
sin
area
Stat
ion
nam
e
La
Bar
ge C
reek
nea
r L
aB
arge
Mea
dow
s ra
nger
(mi2
)'6
.3Q
a 14(3
0) M
P2 130
PS 164
PIO 18
4
P25
206
PSO 222
PIOO 23
6
Fac
tors
aff
ectin
g na
tura
l flo
w
No
dive
rsio
n ab
ove
stat
ion.
stat
ion
Gre
en R
i ver
nea
r La
B ar
ge
3,91
0
5 G
reen
Riv
er n
ear
Font
enel
le
7 Fo
nten
elle
Cre
ek n
ear
Her
schl
er R
anch
, nea
r Fo
nten
elle
8 Fo
nten
elle
Cre
ek n
ear
Font
enel
le
13
Ham
s Fo
rk b
elow
Pol
e C
reek
, nea
r Fro
ntie
r
14
Ham
s Fo
rk n
ear
Fron
tier
15
Ham
s Fo
rk a
tD
iam
ondv
ille
(Kem
mer
er)
19
Tw
in C
reek
at S
age
3,97
0
152
224
128
298
386
246
1,75
0
1,57
0 75
(6.7
) M 66 105
(11.
1)M
2153
3138 16
3(5
.73)
M 19(1
.05)
M
493
678
785
906
986
1,06
0
Nat
ural
flo
w o
f st
ream
aff
ecte
d by
sto
rage
res
ervo
irs
and
dive
rsio
ns f
or ir
riga
tion
of a
bout
198
,000
acr
es
abov
e st
atio
n.
Nat
ural
flo
w o
f st
ream
aff
ecte
d by
sto
rage
res
ervo
irs,
di
vers
ions
for
irri
gatio
n, a
nd re
turn
flo
w f
rom
irri
gate
d ar
eas.
Div
ersi
ons
for i
rrig
atio
n of
abo
ut 7
80 a
cres
abo
ve
stat
ion.
Div
ersi
ons
for i
rrig
atio
n of
abo
ut 8
,120
acr
es (
part
of
whi
ch i
s ab
ove
and
part
bel
ow s
tatio
n) a
djud
icat
ed b
y W
yom
ing
for d
iver
sion
abo
ve s
tatio
n.
862
1,18
01,
360
1,54
0 1,
660
1,76
0 N
o di
vers
ion
abov
e st
atio
n.
1,46
0
224
2,23
0
503
2,72
0 3,
300
732
1,06
0
3,71
0 4,
090
1,31
0 1,
580
Flow
reg
ulat
ed b
y L
ake
Viv
a N
augh
ton
(cap
acity
, 42
,400
acr
e-ft
) si
nce
May
196
1 an
d K
emm
erer
R
eser
voir
(ca
paci
ty 1
,058
acr
e-ft)
. D
iver
sion
s ab
ove
stat
ion
for i
rrig
atio
n of
abo
ut 5
,050
acr
es, o
f whi
ch
abou
t 90
acre
s ar
e be
low
sta
tion.
W
ater
is p
umpe
d fr
om r
iver
just
ups
trea
m f
rom
sta
tion
for
use
at
Nau
ghto
n po
wer
pla
nt.
Adj
udic
ated
div
ersi
ons
abov
e st
atio
ns f
or ir
riga
tion
of
8,45
0 ac
res
abov
e an
d be
low
sta
tion.
Div
ersi
ons
for i
rrig
atio
n of
abo
ut 1
,100
acr
es a
bove
st
atio
n.
Tabl
e 3.
S
trea
mflo
w c
hara
cter
istic
s at
sel
ecte
d st
ream
flow
-gag
ing
stat
ions
in L
inco
ln C
ount
y, W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
§ H m 3J m V) O c 3] O m O Tl r~ z O O z 0 O c
Sit
e nu
mbe
r (p
i. 2)
29 37 40 41
Sta
tion
nam
e
Smith
s Fo
rk n
ear
Bor
der
Smith
s Fo
rk a
t Cok
evill
e
Bea
r R
iver
bel
ow S
mith
sFo
rk,
near
Cok
evill
e
Tho
mas
For
k (S
alt
Cre
ek)
near
Gen
eva,
Ida
ho
Dra
inag
e-
basi
n ar
ea
(mi2
)
165
275
2,44
7 45.3
Qa
Pa
PS
PIO
200
983
1,30
0 1,
480
(16.
5) M
200
477 17
14
7 25
0 32
6(5
.1)
M
P2s
PS
Q PI
OO
Fac
tors
aff
ecti
ng n
atur
al f
low
1 ,68
0 1 ,
820
1 ,95
0 O
ne d
iver
sion
for
irri
gatio
n of
abo
ut 2
00 a
cres
abo
vest
atio
n.
Div
ersi
ons
abov
e st
atio
n fo
r ir
riga
tion
of a
bout
4,00
0 ac
res
abov
e an
d ab
out
5,00
0 ac
res
belo
w s
tatio
n.
Nat
ural
flo
w o
f st
ream
aff
ecte
d by
div
ersi
on f
orir
riga
tion,
ret
urn
flow
fro
m i
rrig
ated
are
as,
and
regu
latio
n by
ups
trea
m r
eser
voir
s.
428
506
587
No
dive
rsio
n ab
ove
stat
ion.
42
Tho
mas
For
k (S
alt
Cre
ek)
113
near
Wyo
min
g-Id
aho
Stat
e lin
e
57
468
871
1,15
0 1,
490
1,73
0 (6
.8)
M
46
Snak
e R
iver
abo
vere
serv
oir,
nea
r A
lpin
e3,
465
4,64
0 19
,200
23
,600
26
,100
28
,700
30
,400
(1
8.2)
M
49
Gre
ys R
iver
abo
ve
448
rese
rvoi
r, n
ear
Alp
ine
(nea
r A
lpin
e, I
daho
)
664
3,41
0 4,
450
5,10
0 5,
880
6,44
0
52
Salt
Riv
er n
ear
Smoo
t
53
Cot
tonw
ood
Cre
ek n
ear
Smoo
t
54
Swif
t C
reek
nea
r A
fton
57
Stra
wbe
rry
Cre
ek n
ear
Bed
ford
(20.
1)M
47.8
36
26.3
27.4
44 8750
462
369
578
284
3
21.3
62
26
2 32
0 35
4 39
3 42
0 (4
0) M
1,95
0 N
o re
mar
ks.
32,0
00
Flow
par
tly r
egul
ated
by
Jack
son
Lak
e.
Som
e di
vers
ions
fro
m t
ribu
tari
es a
bove
sta
tion.
6,99
0 L
ess
than
500
acr
es i
rrig
ated
by
dive
rsio
ns f
rom
Gre
ys
Riv
er a
nd t
ribu
tari
es a
bove
sta
tion.
Div
ersi
ons
for
irri
gatio
n of
abo
ut 4
,000
acr
es,
adju
dica
ted
by W
yom
ing
for
dive
rsio
n ab
ove
stat
ion.
No
dive
rsio
n ab
ove
stat
ion.
Fl
ow r
egul
ated
by
Cot
tonw
ood
Lak
e.
902
Smal
l po
wer
pla
nt a
nd r
eser
voir
, ad
judi
catio
n,
48.4
5 ac
re-f
t/yr,
0.2
mile
ups
trea
m.
Pipe
line,
ad
judi
catio
n, 2
.5 f
t3/s
Dec
embe
r 30
, 19
58.
445
One
sm
all
dive
rsio
n ab
ove
stat
ion.
58
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
res
ervo
ir,
829
near
Etn
a80
5 2,
380
3,41
0 4,
070
4,85
0 5,
410
5,94
0D
iver
sion
abo
ve s
tatio
n fo
r po
wer
dev
elop
men
ts,
indu
stry
, m
unic
ipal
sup
ply,
and
irr
igat
ion
of a
bout
60
,500
acr
es,
of w
hich
abo
ut 1
,000
acr
es a
re b
elow
st
atio
n (1
966
dete
rmin
atio
n).
App
roxi
mat
e ar
ea.
i 2Bef
ore
cons
truc
tion
of V
iva
Nau
ghto
n D
am.
3Aft
er c
onst
ruct
ion
of V
iva
Nau
ghto
n D
am.
Average Annual Runoff
Average annual flow (Qa) is a measure of streamflow past a reference point. Average annual runoff distributes the annual flow across the drainage basin and is a useful estimate of how much water a watershed/ drainage basin will produce. Average annual runoff typically is computed for selected streamflow-gaging stations that have a minimum period of record of 5 years and that monitor streamflow that has not been substantially affected by artificial diversions, storage, or human activities in or on the stream channels (table 3). The streamflow characteristics in table 3 were computed using "10 or more complete years of record (Peterson, 1988, p. 10)." Fewer than one-fourth (4 of 21) of the stations in table 3 are not affected by some sort of diversion.
Average annual runoff from drainage areas in the Mountainous Region of Lincoln County is a function of climatic variables, topography, geology, and the size of the drainage basins. Important climatic variables are precipitation, temperature, wind, evaporation, and solar radiation. Climatic conditions of an intermontane drainage basin are related to the basin altitude and the topographic position of the basin in relation to the mountain ranges. Drainage-basin size is the most important physical characteristic. Water storage in lakes, ponds, and aquifers has some effect on total runoff, but to a lesser degree than the climatic conditions and drainage-basin size (Rankl, 1987, p. 30).
Surface-water runoff in Lincoln County is mainly from the Mountainous Region in the northern and central parts of the county. The average annual runoff for 11 streamflow-gaging stations recording runoff mostly from this region ranged from 1.05 to 40 in/yr (table 3). The runoff measured at these gaging stations originates in the Salt River, Tunp, and Wyoming Ranges.
Average annual runoff of streams originating in the High Desert Region in the southeastern and southwestern parts of Lincoln County is a function of quantity and intensity of precipitation, drainage-basin area, evapotranspiration, and infiltration rate of water into surficial material. Rainstorm intensities or snowmelt rates exceeding the infiltration rate of moisture into the surficial material produce runoff. Irrigation storage, drainage structures, and stock ponds decrease the total runoff from a drainage basin because they divert water for consumptive uses and increase evapotranspiration (Rankl, 1987, p. 30).
None of the streams with streamflow-gaging stations listed in table 3 were described by Lowham (1988) as receiving most of their flow from the High Desert Region. This type of stream, however, does exist in the county. The gaging station on Pacific Creek near Parson (located 40 miles east of Fontenelle in Sweetwater County) is used as a representative station in the High Desert Region. Pacific Creek originates in the High Desert Region and has an average annual runoff of 0.1 in/yr at the gaging station near Parson. The flow at this station, however, is affected by diversions for irrigation, imported water from the Sweetwater River Basin, and an upstream reservoir, Pacific No. 2.
Flow Duration
Streamflow is the result of variable precipitation and the drainage-basin characteristics. Streamflow duration is dependent on the following drainage-basin characteristics: climate, physiography, geology, and land use. Drainage basins where these characteristics are similar can have flow-duration curves similar in shape. High flow is controlled mainly by climate, physiography, and land use in the basin. Low flow is controlled mainly by the geology of the basin, as the flow is sustained primarily from ground water. The effects of precipitation on streamflow are reduced by storage, either on the surface or in the ground (Searcy, 1959, p. 30).
STREAMFLOW 19
The flow-duration curve is a cumulative frequency curve of daily mean discharges showing the percentage of time that specified discharges were equalled or exceeded during a period of record. This curve does not account for the chronological sequence of hydrologic events, but combines the flow characteristics of a stream throughout its range of discharge. Flow-duration characteristics presented here and the methods used to develop the curves are from Peterson (1988, p. 2). The flow-duration curve applies only to the period of record for which the curve was developed. Streamflow data for complete years of record were used for the flow- duration curves. Although the years need not be consecutive, the records used represent periods when human activities such as reservoir storage and irrigation diversions remain unchanged.
Flow-duration curves can be used to evaluate the variability of streamflow in the county. To illustrate the variability, flow-duration curves were developed for selected streamflow-gaging stations representing each stream type (fig. 6). Hams Fork below Pole Creek, near Frontier, (site 13) is located in the Mountainous Region in the south-central part of the county. The flow-duration curve for site 13 indicates high streamflows (greater than 50 cubic feet per second (ftVs)) are sustained primarily by snowmelt. Sustained baseflow in the low-flow range indicates ground-water inflow and characterizes storage in the basin.
Pacific Creek near Parson is located in the High Desert Region in Sweetwater County. The flow-duration curve for this site indicates variable streamflow that is dependent primarily on direct surface runoff. During the period 1955-73, daily mean discharge at Pacific Creek near Parson equalled or exceeded 19 ft3/s only 5 percent of the time (fig. 6).
The flow-duration curve for each site in figure 6 applies only to the period for which the curve was developed. For each site, all available records were used. Extended high flows of a wet year (or extended low flows of a dry year) tend to skew the curve on the high-flow (or low-flow) end, and care is needed when such curves are applied to specific years. The converse also is true, because curves representing a short period of record do not necessarily represent long-term flow characteristics.
Low Flow
Frequency analysis of low-flow data provides information about water-supply conditions related to municipal, industrial, and irrigation uses, instream fisheries, and waste disposal. Indices generally used to describe low-flow characteristics of streams are the lowest mean discharges averaged over 7 consecutive days and having recurrence intervals of 2 and 10 years. For simplicity, these indices are referred to as the 7-day Ch (7Q2) and 7-day Q 10 (7Qio) discharges. In any given year, there is a 50-percent chance that the flow will not exceed the 7Q2 for 7 consecutive days (10-percent chance for the 7Q 10).
Seven-day low-flow discharges for 21 selected streams are listed in table 4. The 7Q2 and 1Q\Q discharges per square mile (yields) also are listed in table 4 for comparison purposes. However, note that the 7Q2 and 1Q\Q discharges in table 4 cannot be extrapolated to other reaches on the same stream or to other streams in the drainage basin without knowledge of the drainage-basin characteristics and without knowledge of the effects of human activities. Low-flow frequency values for the various stations cannot be directly compared because the values are based on different periods of record. For this table, records for Hams Fork near Frontier (site 14) were divided into periods prior to and following the construction of Viva Naughton Dam on the Hams Fork.
The hydrographs in figure 5 illustrate the differences in the occurrence of low flow between ephemeral/ intermittent and perennial streams. In ephemeral/intermittent streams, low flow is zero flow, because many of these streams are dry most of the year. Low flows in perennial streams occur in the winter (normally October through March) and are predominantly from ground-water inflows.
20 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
1,000
700
500400300
200
100
70
504030
20
o oLU tt>ccLU Q_
LU LU LL
gCDZ5 O
LU
I O C/)Q
10.7
0.5 0.4 0.3
0.2
0.1
0.07
0.050.040.03
0.02
0.01
\ - \
Hams Fork below Pole Creek, near Frontier '(site 13) water years 1953-84 Perennial stream
\\
\\\ / Ephemeral stream
\ \ \ \
^Example: \ A daily mean discharge of 19 cubic feet \ per second has been \ equaled or exceeded \ 5 percent of the time \
\
Pacific Creek near Farson, water years 1955-73
5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95
PERCENTAGE OF TIME INDICATED FLOW WAS EQUALED OR EXCEEDED
Figure 6. Flow-duration curves of daily mean discharge for Hams Fork below Pole Creek near Frontier, Lincoln County, Wyoming, and Pacific Creek near Farson, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.
STREAMFLOW 21
Table 4. Seven-day low-flow discharges for selected streamflow-gaging stations in Lincoln County, Wyoming
[Site number: Simplified site number used in this report to identify location of streamflow-gaging stations; mi2 , square miles; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; (ft3/s)/mi2 , cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage-basin area]
Site number (pi. 2)
1
4
5
7
8
13
14
15
19
29
37
40
41
42
46
49
52
53
54
57
58
Station name
La Barge Creek near La Barge Meadowsranger station
Green River near La Barge
Green River near Fontenelle
Fontenelle Creek near Herschler Ranch,near Fontenelle
Fontenelle Creek near Fontenelle
Hams Fork below Pole Creek, near Frontier
Hams Fork near Frontier
Hams Fork at Diamondville (Kemmerer)
Twin Creek at Sage
Smiths Fork near Border
Smiths Fork at Cokeville
Bear River below Smiths Fork, nearCokeville
Thomas Fork (Salt Creek) near Geneva,Idaho
Thomas Fork (Salt Creek) near Wyoming-Idaho State line
Snake River above reservoir, near Alpine
Greys River above reservoir, near Alpine(near Alpine, Idaho)
Salt River near Smoot
Cotton wood Creek near Smoot
Swift Creek near Afton
Strawberry Creek near Bedford
Salt River above reservoir, near Etna
Drainage- basin area (mi2 )
] 6.3
! 3,910
3,970
152
224
128
298
386
246
165
275
2,447
45.3
113
3,465
448
47.8
26.3
27.4
21.3
829
Seven-day low-flow discharge for indicated recurrence interval
Length of record (years)
30
20
18
32
24
312 143 10
17
23
41
9
28
11
34
31
32
24
24
28
10
30
2 yearsDischarge
(ft3/s)
3.1
406
316
19
15
12
1112
13
3.2
56
55
129
2.6
12
1,280
176
4.9
11
31
28
387
Yield [(ft3/s)/mi2 ]
0.49
.104
.0796
.13
.067
.094
.037
.040
.034
.013
.34
.20
.0527
.057
.11
.369
.393
.10
.42
1.1
1.3
.467
10 yearsDischarge
(ft3/s)
2.2
293
238
12
0
4.5
5.76.9
0
1.8
50
32
69
1.7
7.9
1,030
145
1.9
9.0
27
25
301
Yield [(ft3/s)/mi2]
0.35
.0749
.0599
.079
0
.035
.019
.023
0
.0073
.30
.12
.028
.038
.070
.297
.324
.040
.34
.99
1.2
.363
Approximate area.2Before construction of Viva Naughton Dam. 3 After construction of Viva Naughton Dam.
22 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
High Flow
High-flow characteristics of streams in Lincoln County vary with stream type. High flows in ephemeral/ intermittent streams are the result of lowland snowmelt or rainfall runoff during spring thaw or from summer thunderstorms. Snowmelt runoff usually is smaller in magnitude and longer in duration than rainfall runoff. Runoff from intense thunderstorms can be extremely large and of short duration. Magnitude and duration of rainfall runoff depend on drainage-basin characteristics and on the distribution and intensity of precipitation. Peak flow in most ephemeral/intermittent streams is reached quickly from rainfall runoff, and is followed by an equally rapid decrease in flow, with a gradual return to no-flow conditions. Because of these rapid changes in flow, the timing of streamflow measurements to include peak discharge on ephemeral/intermittent streams is difficult. Peak flows on ephemeral/intermittent streams usually are measured by indirect methods, as discussed in Benson and Dalrymple (1967). Perennial streams generally have a period of high flow in May and June as the melting of mountain snowpacks peaks.
Diurnal fluctuations in flow are typical during snowmelt periods with successive daily flows increasing as daylight hours lengthen and temperatures increase. This diurnal pattern, if uninterrupted by changing weather conditions, continues until peak flows occur. However, weather conditions have a substantial effect on snowmelt runoff, making peak flows difficult to predict.
The design of bridges and culverts for road crossings, dams, diversions, and other structures on or near streams requires information about expected peak-flow conditions (floods). If routine streamflow measure ments have been made in the vicinity of a planned structure, statistical analysis of the annual maximum instantaneous flows for the period of record can be used to determine the magnitude and frequency of floods. If peak-flow records are not available, then an estimate generally is made using one of several other techniques that are available (Lowham, 1985, p. 34). For example, if a bridge, when built, was planned to be used for 20 or more years, the bridge was designed for the 100-year peak flow (PIQQ)- The 100-year peak flow, or 100-year flood, for selected streamflow-gaging stations in the county is listed in table 3. A 100-year flood is defined as the annual maximum instantaneous (peak) discharge that will be equalled or exceeded once in 100 years, on the average. Alternately, the 100-year flood is the discharge that has a 1-percent chance of being equalled or exceeded during any particular year. Instantaneous peak flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 years are also listed in table 3. The magnitude of these flows is listed for stations where the natural flow is not substantially affected by regulation, diversion, or irrigation. The method used to compute the instantaneous peak flows listed in table 3 is described in Peterson (1988, p. 3).
Peak flow in ephemeral and intermittent streams result from precipitation occurring more in the form of widespread general rainstorms and snow and less in the form of convective storms (Lowham, 1988, p. 18). Peak flows in the Mountainous Region are small in relation to peak flows in the High Desert Region, but annual runoff is larger in the Mountainous Region (Lowham, 1988, p. 18).
GROUND WATER
The quantity and quality of ground water in Lincoln County differs within and between geologic units and is controlled by the lithologic, structural, and geochemical properties of the rocks. Ground-water data in this report, including water levels, well or spring discharges, and water quality, were compiled from historical inventories contained in the USGS Ground Water Site Inventory and Water Quality data bases, the Wyoming State Engineer's Office data base (Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1995), and from data collected in the field during 1993-95. These data were used to evaluate wells completed in and springs issuing from as many geologic units as possible, with as even a distribution across the county as possible. Data collected at each well or spring are used to estimate the quantity and quality of ground water at that site. Data collected for multiple wells completed in and springs issuing from a single geologic unit are used to estimate the extent of ground-water
GROUND WATER 23
occurrence as well as the quantity and quality of ground water for that geologic unit in that area. Descriptions of selected geologic units contain information about the relation of ground water to geology; recharge, movement, and discharge of ground water; and water-level changes. Water-quality analyses of samples collected from wells completed in and springs issuing from different geologic units in the county are described in the Ground-Water Quality section of this report.
Ground-Water Data
The records for selected wells and springs throughout Lincoln County are listed in table 11 (at back of report). The sites in table 11 are sorted first according to the geologic unit a well was completed in or a spring issued from. Within each geologic unit, sites then were sorted by the station number. Locations of the wells and springs are shown on plate 3. The records include the station and the local number, date drilled, depth of well, primary use of water, altitude of land surface, water level, and discharge.
Wells and springs are identified by location in this report. The sites are assigned a station number a 15 digit code consisting of the latitude, longitude, and a sequence number (fig. 7). For example, site 423230110421501 refers to the first site inventoried at a location having a latitude of 42 degrees, 32 minutes, and 30 seconds, and a longitude of 110 degrees, 42 minutes, and 15 seconds. The last two digits in the station number are a sequence number indicating the order of inventory.
When available, the site also is assigned a local number according to the Federal township-range system of land subdivision. An example of a local number used in this report is 21-116-36dcd01 (fig. 7). The first number (21) denotes the township (T), the second number (116) denotes the range (R), and the third number denotes the section. The first letter following the section number denotes the quarter section (160-acre tract), the second letter, if shown, denotes the quarter-quarter section (40-acre tract), the third letter, if shown, denotes the quarter-quarter-quarter section (10-acre tract). These subsections are designated a, b, c, and d in a counter clockwise direction beginning in the northeast quarter. The last two digits in the local number are a sequence number indicating the order of inventory. Well 21-116-36dcd01 is the first well inventoried in the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 36, T. 21 N., R. 116 W.
In addition to the ground-water data published in this report, ground-water data are published in: (1) previous USGS investigation reports (such as, Welder, 1968, Lines and Glass, 1975, and Lickus and Law, 1988); (2) USGS Water Resources Data reports (published annually); and (3) various ground-water reports for the State. Ground-water data can also be obtained from USGS computer files. Requests for electronic data and/ or published reports can be made to the District Chief, U.S. Geological Survey, 2617 E. Lincoln way, Suite B, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001-5662. Information such as well construction, initial water level, lithology, and well yields can be obtained from the Wyoming State Engineer. Inquiries should be made to the Groundwater Division Administrator, Herschler Building, 4th Floor-East, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002.
Relation of Ground Water to Geology
Ground water refers to the subsurface water that is in the zone of saturation where soil and geologic formations are fully saturated. Ground water occurs in rocks in the primary openings between grains and in secondary openings, including fractures and openings from dissolution. Porosity, a measure of the void space in a rock, and permeability, a measure of the ability of a porous medium to transmit fluids, are important physical properties that affect the ability of a geologic unit to store water and to yield water to wells or springs. The source of the ground water could be one or a combination of the following: connate water, water trapped in the interstices of a sedimentary rock at the time of deposition; infiltration of precipitation; irrigation water; surface
24 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
42°32'31"
30"
42°32'29"
rSpring 423230110421501
System for numbering wells and springs using latitude and longitude.
R. 117W. R. 116W. R. 115W.
Well 21-116-36dcd01
System for numbering wells and springs in surveyed townships.
Figure 7. Systems for numbering wells and springs.
GROUND WATER 25
water; or leakage from other geologic units. Even though water-yielding capabilities or aquifer characteristics of all the geologic units in Lincoln County have not been quantified, some geologic units are known to have better water-yielding capabilities than others.
The lithology and water-yielding characteristics of 53 geologic units in Lincoln County are summarized in table 12 (at the back of report). For this report, terrace deposits, which may be included as Quaternary age geologic units or as a separate unit, are undifferentiated. Ranges of thickness and most common water yields from these geologic units are included in table 12. Well yields are a function of the diameter of the well, well casing, pump capacity and efficiency, as well as the thickness of the saturated interval penetrated, the hydraulic conductivity, and the density and viscosity of the fluid.
The surface distribution of these geologic units is shown on the geologic map (pi. 1). The geologic map in this report is modified from the State geologic map by Love and Christiansen (1985, sheet 1). Because of the scale of the map, some of the members within a formation are not shown on plate 1 but are listed in table 12. For example, plate 1 shows the Green River Formation of Tertiary age, but table 12 describes the lithology and water-yielding characteristics of the Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation.
Wells completed in and springs issuing from the geologic units inventoried either for this study or for previous studies are listed in table 11. Inventory measurements of wells may have included a water level or a discharge or both. Inventory measurements of springs may have included a discharge measurement.
Water levels typically are measured using a steel tape. Water levels also can be measured using a sonic, electrical, or pressure-change-sensing device. Static water levels reflect the geologic unit's geohydrologic characteristics. However, effects beyond the investigator's control can make accurate measurements of the static water level difficult. For example, a well that is pumping water, that has been pumped recently, or is located near another pumping well will have a water level lower than the static water level as a result of draw down in the well caused by the pumping. If a water level is affected by one of these situations, it is indicated in table 11. When a range of water levels is noted in the following section, the range is only for measured static water levels. Reported or estimated water levels also are excluded from the range but might be referenced in the text. The source of reported or estimated water levels is usually from other government agency data bases, driller's logs, or the well owner.
Discharge measurements of water typically are made using a weir, flume, flow meter, or volumetric method. Discharge from a flowing well or undeveloped spring represents the geologic unit's true water-yielding characteristics. The discharge from a pumped well is affected by the bore-hole diameter, pump capacity and efficiency, type and size of openings in the casing, type of filter pack, and thickness and permeability of the saturated interval penetrated. In this report, the range of discharges listed for wells and springs includes measured, reported, or estimated discharges, and measured discharges affected by pumping. The source of reported or estimated discharges is usually from other government agency data bases, driller's logs, the well owner, or field hydrologists.
The water-bearing characteristics of the geologic units in Lincoln County are discussed in the following three sections. The units are organized by geologic age and discussed from youngest to oldest: Cenozoic, (including deposits of Quaternary age, and rocks of Tertiary age), and rocks of Mesozoic and Paleozoic age. The following discussions are limited to the 35 geologic units with inventoried sites during this and previous studies (table 11). The same units and organization are used in the Ground-Water Quality section of this report.
Quaternary Deposits
Deposits of Quaternary age in the county consist of alluvium and colluvium; gravel, pediment, and fan deposits; glacial deposits; landslide deposits; and dune sand and loess (table 12). Terrace deposits can occur as
26 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Quaternary unconsolidated alluvium, within the unconsolidated gravel, pediment, and fan deposits, and can occur as partially consolidated gravels of Quaternary or Tertiary age. Lithologies and water-bearing charac teristics, described in table 12, vary for each geologic unit. Quaternary deposits with sites inventoried during this and previous studies include alluvium and colluvium, glacial deposits, landslide deposits, and terrace deposits (table 11). All wells completed in and springs issuing from terrace deposits were assigned to Quater nary terrace deposits. More wells and springs were identified as completed in or issuing from Quaternary deposits than all other geologic units. Well depths ranged from 1 to 300 feet. Discharge from wells and springs ranged from 2 to 2,000 gallons per minute.
Quaternary alluvium and colluvium had the most water development of any geologic unit in the county, as well as the majority of the sites inventoried in overall Quaternary deposits (106 wells and 5 springs). Quaternary alluvium and colluvium occur along major streams, including the Hams Fork, Bear and Salt Rivers, and La Barge Creek. Deposits consist of clay, silt, sand and gravel. Yields from wells completed in alluvium and colluvium are dependent on the thickness of the unit and the size and sorting of materials. Yields from wells completed in alluvium and colluvium of the Hams Fork River were more variable than yields from wells completed in alluvium and colluvium of the Bear River, Salt River, and La Barge Creek. This variability may be the result of different parent material in the alluvium and colluvium and channel meandering characteristics of the Hams Fork River. Aquifer productivity increases where thick sands and gravels predominate. Well depth was variable in alluvium and colluvium and was commonly more than 100 feet deep. Water from these sites was used primarily for domestic supplies. The most productive alluvial and colluvial aquifers in the Overthrust Belt are located in the valleys of the Bear River and Salt River (Star Valley) (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 71). Irrigation wells in the Bear and Salt River valleys may yield up to 2,000 gal/min (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 1).
Of the remaining inventoried sites for Quaternary deposits, seven wells were completed in and four springs issued from terrace deposits, two springs issued from glacial deposits, and four springs issued from landslide deposits. Terrace deposits occur in the Green River Basin and the Overthrust Belt; however, all the wells and springs inventoried completed in or issuing from terrace deposits were located in the Overthrust Belt. All six of the springs issuing from glacial and landslide deposits were located in the Overthrust Belt. Discharge from the springs was variable.
Tertiary Rocks
Rocks of Tertiary age are widely distributed in the Green River and Fossil Basins, and Star Valley. Springs are the dominant site type issuing from Tertiary rocks. Tertiary (Pliocene and Miocene) water-bearing units include the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations. Tertiary (Eocene and Paleocene) water-bearing units include the Fowkes Formation; the Bridger Formation; the Green River Formation, the Laney, Wilkins Peak, Angelo, and Fossil Butte Members of the Green River Formation; the Wasatch Formation, including the New Fork Tongue and La Barge and Chappo Members; and the Evanston Formation. The Evanston Formation of Paleocene age extends into the Upper Cretaceous; however, for this report, the one well completed in and the three springs issuing from the Evanston Formation are listed in the Tertiary. The individual geologic unit was not determined for three Tertiary sites.
The Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations occur as surficial rocks in Star Valley (pi. 1). Love and Christiansen (1985, sheet 1) distinguish between these geologic units; however Lines and Glass (1975, sheet 2) and Oriel and Platt (1980, sheet 1) show only the Salt Lake Formation occurring in Star Valley. For this report, wells completed in and springs issuing from the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations are not differentiated. The Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations have a maximum thickness of about 1,000 feet (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 1). Inventoried wells completed in the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations range from 70 feet to 309 feet in depth. Typically, the largest expected yield of water from wells is a few tens of gallons per minute (Lines and
GROUND WATER 27
Glass, 1975, sheet 1). Fracture permeability locally may produce large yields in the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 1). The yield from a spring used for water supply by the Town of Thayne was 2,200 gal/min.
The youngest Eocene deposits of Tertiary age include the Bridger Formation in the Green River Basin and the Fowkes Formation in the Overthrust Belt. The Bridger Formation is an areally extensive formation in the southern part of the Green River Basin. Springs commonly issue from the Bridger Formation on hillsides; yields from springs range from 2 to 100 gal/min (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 46). The two wells inventoried during this study or previous studies had discharges of 6 and 13 gal/min. The Fowkes Formation occurs as a surficial geologic unit in the southwestern corner of the Overthrust Belt in Lincoln County, and is composed primarily of tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone (table 12). Three springs issuing from the Fowkes Formation were inventoried; yields from springs ranged from 2 to 125 gal/min.
Most of the Tertiary sites inventoried were completed in or issue from the Green River and Wasatch Formations and their members, (25 wells and 40 springs). The intertonguing of these deposits makes differen tiating individual geologic units difficult. The Green River and Wasatch Formations generally contain water under artesian pressure in the Green River Basin (Welder, 1968, p. 2). A topographic barrier (Oyster Ridge) separated Fossil Basin and the Green River Basin during the deposition of several Green River Formation members (Oriel and Tracey, 1970, p. 5). The Laney Member of the Green River Formation occurs in the Green River Basin where 10 wells are completed in and 1 spring issues from the member. Yields from wells completed in the Laney Member generally range from 1 to 75 gal/min (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 68). One spring issued from the Angelo Member and one spring issued from the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation. The Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation occurs in Fossil Basin in the Overthrust Belt. Twelve springs issued from the Fossil Butte Member. The maximum discharge of springs inventoried for this study or previous studies was 200 gal/min. The Wasatch Formation was the source of water for 15 wells and 25 springs. In general, wells completed in the Wasatch Formation were located in the Green River Basin at depths greater than 100 feet and springs that issued from the Wasatch Formation were located in the Overthrust Belt. The thickness of the Wasatch Formation ranges from 2,500 to 3,600 feet in the Overthrust Belt and from 4,100 to 5,250 feet in the western Green River Basin (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 46). Well yields from the sandstones and conglomerates of the Wasatch Formation range from 1 to 1,300 gal/min, although most are less than 50 gal/min (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 67).
The Evanston Formation underlies the Wasatch Formation in the Overthrust Belt. One well completed in and three springs issuing from the Evanston Formation were inventoried for this study or previous studies in Lincoln County.
Mesozoic Rocks
Rocks of Mesozoic age occur surficially in north-south trending belts parallel to thrust faults in the Over- thrust Belt in Lincoln County. Mesozoic rocks include water-bearing units of Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic age. Cretaceous water-bearing units include the Adaville Formation, Blind Bull Formation, Hilliard Shale, Frontier Formation, Sage Junction Formation, Aspen Shale, Thomas Fork Formation, Bear River Formation, and the Gannett Group (table 12). Jurassic water-bearing units include the Stump Formation, Preuss Sandstone or Preuss Redbeds, and the Twin Creek Limestone. The Nugget Sandstone is a Jurassic(?) and Triassic(?) age water-bearing unit. Triassic water-bearing units include the Ankareh Formation, the Thaynes Limestone, the Woodside Shale, and the Dinwoody Formation.
Of the 50 sites with wells completed in or springs issuing from Cretaceous rocks, 40 sites were springs and 10 sites were wells (table 11). Wells inventoried for this study or previous studies were completed in the Adaville Formation (6); Hilliard Shale (1); Aspen Shale (2); and Bear River Formation (1). Yields of water from wells completed in Cretaceous aquifers generally were less than 30 gal/min. Well depths ranged from 100 to
28 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
1,200 feet. Springs issued from the Blind Bull Formation (1); Milliard Shale (3); Frontier Formation (4); Sage Junction Formation (1); Aspen Shale (10); Bear River Formation (6); Thomas Fork Formation (2); and the Gannett Group (13). Discharge from springs was variable, ranging from less than 1 to about 700 gallons per minute. Cretaceous geologic units generally are considered minor aquifers in the Overthrust Belt. The Milliard Shale is a major regional confining unit of the Green River Basin and Overthrust Belt, but locally produces water from a sandstone layer. The primary use of springs is for watering livestock.
Of the 28 sites in Jurassic or Jurassic(?)-Triassic(?) rocks, 27 sites were springs (table 11). Springs issued from the Stump Formation (1); Preuss Sandstone or Preuss Redbeds (3); Twin Creek Limestone (5); and the Nugget Sandstone (18). Only one well was completed in Nugget Sandstone, which is considered a major aquifer (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 55). Thickness of the Nugget Sandstone varies from about 600 feet in depth in the Green River Basin to about 1,300 feet in depth in the Overthrust Belt (table 12). Springs issue from the Nugget Sandstone where secondary permeability (fractures) occurs. The maximum discharge of water yielded from a spring issuing from the Nugget Sandstone was 1,400 gal/min (table 11).
Wells and springs inventoried from rocks of Triassic age include: Thaynes Limestone (6 springs and 2 wells), Woodside Shale (2 springs and 1 well), and Dinwoody Formation (2 springs). The Thaynes Limestone is the most productive aquifer in the Triassic system; flow from springs may be as large as 1,800 gal/min (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 56) (table 12). Wells completed in the Thaynes Limestone ranged from 195 feet to 600 feet (table 11). The Woodside Shale and Dinwoody Formation in general are impermeable. Discharge from springs issuing from the Woodside Shale and Dinwoody Formation ranged from 2 to 50 gal/min.
Paleozoic Rocks
Like the younger rocks of Mesozoic time, surficial rocks of Paleozoic time occur parallel to the major thrust faults in the Overthrust Belt in Lincoln County. Paleozoic rocks include the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks of Permian age which are synonymous to the Park City Formation (Lane, 1973); the Tensleep Sandstone and the Wells Formation of Permian and Pennsylvanian age; the Amsden Formation of Pennsyl- vanian and Mississippian age; the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age; the Darby Formation of Missis- sippian and Devonian age; the Laketown Dolomite of Silurian age; the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age; and the Gallatin Limestone, Gros Ventre Formation and Flathead Sandstone of Cambrian age (table 12). Sites inventoried in some of these units include wells completed in and springs issuing from the Tensleep Sandstone, the Wells Formation, the Madison Limestone, the Darby Formation, and the Bighorn Dolomite.
One well completed in and one spring issuing from the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks in the southwestern part of Lincoln County were inventoried for this study or previous studies. Locally the Phosphoria produces water where the rock is fractured (Lines and Glass, 1975). Discharge was 200 gal/min from the well and 300 gal/min from the spring (table 11).
Sandstone aquifers in Paleozoic rocks include the Tensleep Sandstone and the Wells Formation. Yields of water range from about 200 to 700 gal.min (table 12). Availability of water is dependent on depth of formation, continuity of beds within a formation, and development of fracture permeability. The Tensleep Sandstone is a white to gray sandstone containing thin limestone and dolomite beds (Lines and Glass, 1975). The well-sorted sand grains of the Tensleep enhance primary permeability, and secondary permeability is excellent where the unit is fractured (Lines and Glass, 1975). Two springs issue from the Tensleep Sandstone in the northern part of the county where the unit occurs at shallow depths. The Wells Formation is a thick interbedded quartzite, calcareous sandstone, and limestone. One well was completed in and four springs issued from the Wells Formation.
Paleozoic limestone and dolomite aquifers in Lincoln County include the Madison Limestone, the Darby Formation, and the Bighorn Dolomite. Permeability in these units is mostly secondary as a result of solution
GROUND WATER 29
openings and fractures. Where geologic units with carbonate minerals exist at or near the earth's surface, disso lution is enhanced by reactions involving carbonate minerals with water and carbon dioxide from the atmo sphere. Carbonic acid, which is derived from rainwater containing carbon dioxide acquired during its passage through the atmosphere, reacts with the carbonate minerals in the soil. If the carbonate minerals are not present in sufficient quantities to neutralize the carbonic acid, carbonate minerals in the rock will react and rock material will pass into solution. Geologic units occurring at topographic highs are probably drained to depths of several hundred feet (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 1). In Lincoln County, these units occur on the surface in the Over- thrust Belt and in the subsurface in the Green River Basin. All 13 sites inventoried in these units were springs. Discharge was variable from the springs; the largest discharge was greater than 15,000 gal/min. Periodic Spring, near the town of Afton (site 424440110505001) issues from the Madison Limestone. During the inven tory site visit, discharge from this spring cycled from 10 gal/min for about 18 minutes, changing quickly to an estimated discharge of 15,000 gal/min for about 18 minutes (table 11). The water discharging from the spring is intercepted by a cave, whose outlet creates a siphon, turning the flow "on" and "off (Blanchard, 1990). Blanchard, 1990, describes a detailed theory of the process. Based on data from the Overthrust Belt, the Madison Limestone is the most productive aquifer in the county (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 53).
Recharge. Movement, and Discharge
Geologic units in Lincoln County are recharged by one or a combination of the following sources: (1) precipitation that infiltrates the geologic unit in its outcrop area, (2) losing reaches of streams where surface water infiltrates into the geologic unit because the stream's water level is higher than the ground-water level, (3) infiltration of irrigation water, and (4) leakage from another geologic unit from either above or below.
Ground-water movement is controlled by the altitude of the location of recharge and discharge areas, and by the thickness and permeability of the geologic unit. Primary permeability is a function of the grain size, sorting, and cementation between grains. Secondary permeability created by fracturing and dissolution also is an important factor controlling ground-water movement. Fractures along structural features can provide impor tant conduits for vertical and horizontal ground-water flow. Faults may affect ground-water movement where hydrologic properties differ between adjacent rocks. Faults may serve as either ground-water conduits or barriers, depending on the rock type and degree of fracturing (Freethey and Cordy, 1991, p. C8).
Ground water is discharged naturally in Lincoln County by one or a combination of the following mechanisms: (1) intersection of the water table with the land surface, (2) evapotranspiration, (3) leakage from one geologic unit to another, or (4) intersection of water table with streams. Springs and seeps occur in Lincoln County where the local water table intersects the land surface. Changes in lithology or topography, fractures, and faults may produce springs and seepage areas. Ground water in alluvium and colluvium usually discharges to local streams. Ground-water discharge also occurs as a result of human activity, by means of pumping wells.
The ground-water connection between the Overthrust Belt and the Green River Basin is restricted as a result of the folded and faulted rocks which are a result of regional tectonic (orogenic (mountain building)) activity during the middle Mesozoic and early Cenozoic time. These rocks of Mesozoic and Paleozoic age define the boundary between these two regions. Ground-water movement is difficult to define by aquifer within the Overthrust Belt because of the numerous faults and fractures (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 74). Aquifers in the Overthrust Belt primarily of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age receive their recharge from direct infiltration of precipitation in outcrop areas. Most of the water discharged in the Overthrust Belt from limestone and dolomite aquifers, such as the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age, the Darby Formation of Devonian age, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age is by means of springs (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 1). Water recharging these aquifers in one surface drainage basin may discharge in another surface drainage basin via interbasin transfers of ground water (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 1). Ground water recharge to alluvial and colluvial aquifers in Star Valley originates from four sources: (1) water percolating from streams near the heads of fan
30 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
deposits around the margins of the valley, (2) percolation of water from irrigation diversions on the alluvium and colluvium, (3) infiltration of precipitation on the valley floor (Walker, 1965, p. C8), and (4) older geologic units that have been uplifted along faults and are topographically higher than the alluvial and colluvial aquifers (Lines and Glass, 1975, sheet 2).
Within the Green River Basin, ground-water movement generally is toward the center of the basin which lies in Sweetwater County, east of Lincoln County. Ground-water contributions to Mesozoic and Paleozoic age aquifers from outcrop areas is limited by the thrust faults (Ahern and others, 1981). Recharge to Tertiary aquifers is minimal in areas of high evapotranspiration and low precipitation (Ahern and others, 1981, p. 87). Recharge to aquifers of Quaternary age occurs from infiltration of precipitation, irrigation waters, and surface water during periods of high flow. Recharge to the Laney Member of Tertiary age does occur in some areas from leakage of irrigation waters through alluvium and colluvium (Ahern and others, 1981). Ground-water discharge principally is to tributaries of the Green River.
WATER USE
Total water use in Lincoln County in 1993 was estimated to be 405,000 million gallons (Mgal) (Ogle and others, 1996, p. 1). In the report by Ogle and others, water use estimates were divided into nine categories: public supply, self-supplied domestic, commercial, irrigation, livestock, industrial, mining, thermoelectric power, and hydroelectric power. These terms are defined in the glossary. Surface water was the source of about 397,000 Mgal (98 percent) of the water used in the county, whereas ground water was the source for only about 7,000 Mgal (2 percent) of the water used. Hydroelectric power generation and irrigation used the largest amount of water (table 5).
Table 5. Estimated ground water, surface water, and total water use in Lincoln County, Wyoming, 1993
(From Ogle and others, 1996)
Estimated Water Use 1993 (million gallons)
Category
Public supply
Self-supplied domestic
Commercial
Irrigation
Livestock
Industrial
Mining
Thermoelectric power
Hydroelectric power
TOTAL
Ground water Surface water Total
1,870
1.7
2 (72)
5,170
163
3 (27)+ 49
68
0
0
'7,320
299
0
2(45)
153,000
40
71
85
5,900
238,000
'397,000
'2,160
1.7
2 (117)
'158,000
203
3 (27) + 120
153
5,900
238,000
'405,000
'Rounded totals. All commercial water use was from public supply, thus the numbers are reported
(in parentheses), but are not added to the total. 3 Part of the industrial water use was from public supply, thus the numbers from
the public supply are reported (in parentheses), but are not added to the total.
WATER USE 31
Public supply and self-supplied domestic use accounted for 0.5 percent of the water used in Lincoln County. The source of water for public supplies in the county was primarily ground water from springs and wells, with the exception of the Kemmerer and Diamondville system, which was supplied by surface water from the Hams Fork River. Self-supplied domestic water is water withdrawn from a water source by a user rather than a public supplier. The source of water for self-supplied domestic water is primarily ground water.
Irrigation was the second largest water use in Lincoln County. An estimated total of 158,000 Mgal (485,000 acre-feet) of water was used for irrigation in 1993 based on data provided by the Star Valley and Lincoln County Conservation Districts (Ogle and others, 1996, p. 6). Within the Star Valley Conservation District, surface water accounted for about 96 percent of the water applied to irrigated land. About 55 percent of the water was applied using sprinkler irrigation and about 45 percent of the water was applied using flood irrigation. Similar to the Star Valley Conservation District, the Lincoln County Conservation District also used surface water as the primary source of irrigation water (97 percent). In contrast to the Star Valley Conservation District, the Lincoln County Conservation District primarily uses flood irrigation (about 94 percent), with only a small percentage of water applied using sprinkler irrigation (about 6 percent) (Ogle and others, 1996, p. 6).
WATER QUALITY
Water quality refers to biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of a water sample in relation to a standard defined for drinking water or other water uses. Biological water quality is determined by the number and types of organisms, both plant and animal, living in water and is generally restricted to surface water. Only limited biological data have been collected for streams in Lincoln County; therefore, biological water quality is not described here. A general discussion of the chemical and physical characteristics of ground water and surface water follows. For a more thorough discussion of the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of water, the reader is referred to Hem (1985) or Freeze and Cherry (1979).
The chemical characteristics of surface and ground water are derived from the organic and inorganic materials dissolved and suspended in the water. These dissolved and suspended materials are derived from the rocks and sediment with which the water has been in contact and from materials introduced into the hydrologic environment by human and animal activities. Surface-water quality is dependent on the water source and the exposure of the water to soluble or suspendable material between the source and the sampling site. Ground- water quality is related to the chemical composition of the rocks composing the geologic units through which the water travels. Water temperature, the duration of contact with the rocks, and the rate of movement of the water also will affect the chemical quality of ground water. The source or cause and significance of common dissolved-mineral constituents found in surface and ground water are summarized in table 6. Nutrient samples from wells and spring in Lincoln County were analyzed for nitrite and nitrite plus nitrate. All concentrations of nitrite were much lower than the concentration of nitrite plus nitrate. Therefore, in this report, nitrite plus nitrate will be referred to as nitrate for discussion purposes.
For this study, inorganic materials in water are classified by the size of the particles, and are either dissolved solids or particulate material. Materials that will not pass through a 0.45-micrometer (|im) filter are operationally defined as particulate materials, and particles that will pass through a 0.45-micrometer filter are operationally defined as dissolved solids (Hem, 1985, p. 60). Particulate material can be filtered from water, whereas dissolved solids require more sophisticated techniques for removal, such as reverse osmosis.
Chemical quality at a surface-water site is assumed to be a function of the materials in contact with the water, the duration of the contact, and the stream discharge at that site. The chemical quality can be described using either load or dissolved-solids concentrations. The load is calculated by multiplying the discharge at a site by the dissolved-solids concentration of a chemical in the water. Sites having large discharges have large loads, even though the dissolved-solids concentrations at the site are often small.
32 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Tabl
e 6.
S
ourc
e or
cau
se,
and
sign
ifica
nce
of d
isso
lved
-min
eral
con
stitu
ents
and
phy
sica
l pro
pert
ies
of w
ater
(mod
ifie
d fr
om P
opki
n, 1
973,
p.
85)
[fiS
/cm
, mic
rosi
emen
s pe
r ce
ntim
eter
at 2
5 de
gree
s C
elsi
us;
mg/
L, m
illig
ram
s pe
r lit
er;
(Jg/
L, m
icro
gram
s pe
r lit
er]
Con
stitu
ent
or
prop
erty
Sou
rce
or c
ause
Sig
nific
ance
Spec
ific
cond
ucta
nce
(u,S
/cm
)
pH Har
dnes
s as
cal
cium
ca
rbon
ate
(CaC
O3)
Cal
cium
(C
a) a
nd
mag
nesi
um (
Mg)
Sodi
um (
Na)
and
po
tass
ium
(K
)
Bic
arbo
nate
(H
CO
3)
and
carb
onat
e
Sulf
ate
(SO
4)
Chl
orid
e (C
l)
Min
eral
con
tent
of t
he w
ater
.
Aci
ds, a
cid-
gene
ratin
g sa
lts, a
nd f
ree
carb
on d
ioxi
de
low
er th
e pH
. C
arbo
nate
s, b
icar
bona
tes,
hyd
roxi
des,
ph
osph
ates
, si
licat
es,
and
bora
tes
rais
e th
e pH
.
In m
ost w
ater
nea
rly
all
the
hard
ness
is d
ue to
cal
cium
an
d m
agne
sium
. A
ll m
etal
lic c
atio
ns o
ther
than
the
alka
li m
etal
s al
so c
ause
har
dnes
s.
Dis
solv
ed f
rom
pra
ctic
ally
all
rock
s an
d so
il, b
ut
espe
cial
ly f
rom
lim
esto
ne, d
olom
ite, a
nd g
ypsu
m.
Cal
cium
and
mag
nesi
um a
re d
etec
ted
in l
arge
qua
ntiti
es
in s
ome
brin
es.
Mag
nesi
um is
pre
sent
in l
arge
qua
ntiti
es
in s
eaw
ater
.
Dis
solv
ed f
rom
pra
ctic
ally
all
rock
s an
d so
il; a
lso
in
anci
ent b
rine
s, s
eaw
ater
, in
dust
rial
bri
nes,
and
sew
age.
Act
ion
of c
arbo
n di
oxid
e in
wat
er o
n ca
rbon
ate
rock
s su
ch a
s lim
esto
ne a
nd d
olom
ite.
Dis
solv
ed f
rom
roc
ks a
nd s
oil c
onta
inin
g gy
psum
, iro
n su
lfide
s, a
nd o
ther
sul
fur
com
poun
ds.
Com
mon
ly p
rese
nt
in m
ine
wat
er a
nd in
som
e in
dust
rial
was
tes.
Dis
solv
ed f
rom
roc
ks a
nd s
oil.
Pres
ent
in s
ewag
e an
d fo
und
in la
rge
conc
entr
atio
ns in
anc
ient
bri
nes,
sea
wat
er,
and
indu
stri
al b
rine
s.
Indi
cate
s de
gree
of m
iner
aliz
atio
n.
Spec
ific
con
duct
ance
is a
mea
sure
of t
he c
apac
ity o
f th
e w
ater
to c
ondu
ct a
n el
ectr
ic c
urre
nt.
Var
ies
with
tem
pera
ture
, con
cent
ratio
n, a
nd
degr
ee o
f ion
izat
ion
of th
e co
nstit
uent
s.
pH is
a m
easu
re o
f the
act
ivity
of
the
hydr
ogen
ions
. A
pH
of 7
.0 in
dica
tes
neut
ralit
y of
a
solu
tion.
Val
ues
high
er th
an 7
.0 d
enot
e in
crea
sing
alk
alin
ity;
valu
es l
ower
than
7.0
in
dica
te in
crea
sing
aci
dity
. C
orro
sive
ness
of w
ater
gen
eral
ly i
ncre
ases
with
dec
reas
ing
pH.
How
ever
, exc
essi
vely
alk
alin
e w
ater
may
als
o at
tack
som
e m
etal
s.
Con
sum
es s
oap
befo
re a
lath
er w
ill f
orm
and
dep
osits
soa
p cu
rd o
n ba
thtu
bs.
Har
d w
ater
fo
rms
scal
e in
boi
lers
, wat
er h
eate
rs,
and
pipe
s.
Har
dnes
s eq
uiva
lent
to o
r le
ss t
han
the
bica
rbon
ate
and
carb
onat
e co
ncen
trat
ion
is c
alle
d ca
rbon
ate
hard
ness
. A
ny h
ardn
ess
in
exce
ss o
f thi
s is
cal
led
nonc
arbo
nate
har
dnes
s.
Wat
er w
ith h
ardn
ess
of 6
0 m
g/L
or
less
is
cons
ider
ed s
oft;
61 t
o 12
0 m
g/L,
mod
erat
ely
hard
; 12
1 to
180
mg/
L, h
ard;
mor
e th
an
180
mg/
L, v
ery
hard
.
Cau
ses
mos
t of t
he h
ardn
ess
and
scal
e-fo
rmin
g pr
oper
ties
of w
ater
; so
ap c
onsu
min
g (s
ee
hard
ness
). W
ater
low
in c
alci
um a
nd m
agne
sium
is d
esir
ed in
ele
ctro
plat
ing,
tan
ning
, dy
eing
, and
in t
extil
e m
anuf
actu
ring
.
Lar
ge c
once
ntra
tions
, in
com
bina
tion
with
chl
orid
e, g
ive
a sa
lty t
aste
. M
oder
ate
conc
entr
atio
ns h
ave
little
eff
ect o
n th
e us
eful
ness
of w
ater
for
mos
t pur
pose
s.
Sodi
um
salts
may
cau
se f
oam
ing
in s
team
boi
lers
. A
larg
e so
dium
con
cent
ratio
n m
ay li
mit
the
use
of w
ater
for
irri
gatio
n.
Bic
arbo
nate
and
car
bona
te p
rodu
ce a
lkal
inity
. B
icar
bona
tes
of c
alci
um a
nd m
agne
sium
de
com
pose
in s
team
boi
lers
and
hot
-wat
er f
acili
ties
to f
orm
sca
le a
nd r
elea
se c
orro
sive
ca
rbon
dio
xide
gas
. In
com
bina
tion
with
cal
cium
and
mag
nesi
um,
caus
e ca
rbon
ate
hard
ness
.
Sulf
ate
in w
ater
con
tain
ing
calc
ium
for
ms
hard
sca
le in
ste
am b
oile
rs.
In la
rge
conc
entr
atio
ns,
sulf
ate
in c
ombi
natio
n w
ith o
ther
ions
giv
es b
itter
tast
e to
wat
er,
and
may
ha
ve a
laxa
tive
effe
ct o
n so
me
peop
le.
Som
e ca
lciu
m s
ulfa
te is
con
side
red
bene
ficia
l in
th
e br
ewin
g pr
oces
s.
In la
rge
conc
entr
atio
ns in
com
bina
tion
with
sod
ium
, giv
es s
alty
tast
e to
dri
nkin
g w
ater
. In
la
rge
conc
entr
atio
ns i
ncre
ases
the
corr
osiv
enes
s of
wat
er t
owar
ds s
ome
met
als.
Tabl
e 6.
S
ourc
e or
cau
se,
and
sign
ifica
nce
of d
isso
lved
-min
eral
con
stitu
ents
and
phy
sica
l pro
pert
ies
of w
ate
r-C
on
tinu
ed
I m 3D
3D m W o C
3D
O m z
o
o I- o
o
Con
stitu
ent
or
prop
erty
Sou
rce
or c
ause
Sig
nific
ance
Fluo
ride
(F)
D
isso
lved
in
min
ute
to s
mal
l con
cent
ratio
ns f
rom
mos
t ro
cks
and
soil.
A
dded
to m
ost
wat
er b
y fl
uori
datio
n of
m
unic
ipal
sup
plie
s.
Silic
a (S
iC>2
) D
isso
lved
fro
m p
ract
ical
ly a
ll ro
cks
and
soil,
com
mon
ly
less
tha
n 30
mg/
L.
Lar
ge c
once
ntra
tions
, as
muc
h as
25
0 m
g/L
, ge
nera
lly o
ccur
in a
lkal
ine
wat
er.
Iron
(Fe
) D
isso
lved
fro
m p
ract
ical
ly a
ll ro
cks
and
soil.
A
lso
may
be
der
ived
fro
m ir
on p
ipes
, pu
mps
, an
d ot
her
equi
pmen
t. M
ore
than
1 o
r 2
mg/
L o
f iro
n in
sur
face
wat
er g
ener
ally
in
dica
tes
acid
was
tes
from
min
e dr
aina
ge o
r ot
her
sour
ces.
Dis
solv
ed s
olid
s C
hief
ly m
iner
al c
onst
ituen
ts d
isso
lved
fro
m r
ocks
and
so
il.
Nitr
ate
(NO
3)
Dec
ayin
g or
gani
c m
atte
r, s
ewag
e, f
ertil
izer
s, a
nd n
itrat
es
in s
oil.
Bor
on (
B)
Foun
d in
ign
eous
roc
ks s
uch
as t
ourm
alin
e, g
rani
ticro
cks,
and
peg
mat
ites.
So
dium
tet
rabo
rate
(bo
rax)
is
a w
idel
y us
ed c
lean
ing
agen
t, he
nce,
bor
on m
ay b
e pr
esen
t in
sew
age
and
indu
stri
al w
aste
s.1
Phos
phat
e (P
C>4)
C
omm
on e
lem
ent i
n ig
neou
s ro
cks
and
mar
ine
sedi
men
ts.
A c
ompo
nent
of
anim
al m
etab
olic
was
te.
Fluo
ride
in d
rink
ing
wat
er r
educ
es t
he in
cide
nce
of to
oth
deca
y w
hen
the
wat
er is
co
nsum
ed d
urin
g th
e pe
riod
of
enam
el c
alci
fica
tion.
H
owev
er,
it m
ay c
ause
mot
tling
of
the
teet
h an
d re
nal
disf
unct
ion,
dep
endi
ng o
n th
e co
ncen
trat
ion
of f
luor
ide,
the
age
of
the
child
, qu
antit
y of
dri
nkin
g w
ater
con
sum
ed,
and
susc
eptib
ility
of t
he in
divi
dual
.
Form
s ha
rd s
cale
in p
ipes
and
boi
lers
. T
rans
port
ed in
ste
am o
f hi
gh-p
ress
ure
boile
rs t
o fo
rm d
epos
its o
n bl
ades
of t
urbi
nes.
In
hibi
ts d
eter
iora
tion
of z
eolit
e-ty
pe w
ater
sof
tene
rs.
On
expo
sure
to a
ir, i
ron
in g
roun
d w
ater
oxi
dize
s to
red
dish
-bro
wn
prec
ipita
te.
Mor
e th
an
abou
t 0.
3 m
g/L
sta
ins
laun
dry
and
uten
sils
red
dish
-bro
wn.
O
bjec
tiona
ble
for
food
pr
oces
sing
, tex
tile
proc
essi
ng, b
ever
ages
, ic
e m
anuf
actu
ring
, br
ewin
g, a
nd o
ther
pr
oces
ses.
L
arge
r qu
antit
ies
caus
e un
plea
sant
tas
te a
nd f
avor
gro
wth
of
iron
bac
teri
a.
Wat
er c
onta
inin
g m
ore
than
1,0
00 m
g/L
dis
solv
ed s
olid
s is
uns
uita
ble
for
man
y pu
rpos
es.
Con
cent
ratio
n m
uch
grea
ter
than
the
loca
l av
erag
e m
ay i
ndic
ate
cont
amin
atio
n.
Wat
er
with
lar
ge n
itrat
e co
ncen
trat
ions
has
bee
n re
port
ed t
o be
the
cau
se o
f m
ethe
mog
lobi
nem
ia
(an
ofte
n fa
tal
dise
ase
in i
nfan
ts)
and
ther
efor
e sh
ould
not
be
used
in i
nfan
t fe
edin
g.
Nitr
ate
has
been
sho
wn
to b
e he
lpfu
l in
red
ucin
g in
terc
ryst
allin
e cr
acki
ng o
f boi
ler
stee
l. It
enco
urag
es g
row
th o
f al
gae
and
othe
r or
gani
sms
that
pro
duce
und
esir
able
tast
es a
nd o
dors
.
Smal
l co
ncen
trat
ions
are
ess
entia
l to
plan
t gr
owth
, but
may
be
toxi
c to
cro
ps w
hen
pres
ent
in e
xces
sive
con
cent
ratio
ns i
n ir
riga
tion
wat
er o
r in
soi
l. Se
nsiti
ve p
lant
s sh
ow d
amag
e w
hen
irri
gatio
n w
ater
con
tain
s m
ore
that
670
|ig/
L,
and
even
tol
eran
t pl
ants
may
be
dam
aged
whe
n bo
ron
exce
eds
2,00
0 |lg
/L.
Ess
entia
l to
pla
nt g
row
th.
Con
cent
ratio
ns g
reat
er th
an t
he l
ocal
ave
rage
may
ind
icat
e po
llutio
n by
fer
tiliz
ers
or s
ewag
e.
'Hem
, 19
85,
p. 1
26-1
29.
Water can be classified into types on the basis of amount and type of ions present in a water sample. The dominant ions are the cation (positive charge) and anion (negative charge) having the largest concentration expressed in milliequivalents per liter. A milliequivalent is a measurement of concentration, where the charge of the ion is accounted for. For example, in a sodium sulfate-type water, sodium has the largest concentration of the cations present, and sulfate has the largest concentration of the anions present. If a water sample does not contain a dominant cation and anion, the water is classified as a mixture of the cations and anions having the largest concentrations. Modified Stiff diagrams often are used to visually display cation and anion data. A modified Stiff diagram uses three parallel, horizontal axes, extending to the left and right of a vertical zero line. The concentrations of the four most common cations sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium are plotted on the left on each of the three horizontal lines (sodium and potassium are plotted as one constituent). The five most common anions chloride, fluoride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and carbonate are plotted on the right on each of the three horizontal lines (chloride and fluoride, and bicarbonate and carbonate are plotted as one constituent). Modified Stiff diagrams are used to describe the type of water in Lincoln County in the Ground-Water Quality Section.
Physical characteristics of water commonly measured onsite during water-quality studies include water temperature, specific conductance, and pH. Temperature is an important controlling factor in many chemical processes; for example, the solubility of ions and the saturation level of gases are affected by water temperature. The temperature of surface water typically is much more variable than the temperature of ground water. Surface-water temperatures are affected by local climatic factors and physical factors such as shading, stream depth, and proximity to lakes and reservoirs. Ground-water temperatures generally are a function of the depth of the geologic unit below the surface of the earth. Water in deep geologic units generally has higher temperatures than water in shallow units.
Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to conduct electrical current. It is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter (|lS/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius (°C), and is a function of the concentration and type of dissolved solids in the water. The concentration of the sum of dissolved solids, in milligrams per liter (mg/L), typically ranges from 55 to 75 percent of the specific conductance in jiS/cm (Hem, 1985, p. 67). This relation varies with the composition and concentration of dissolved ions.
The measure of the hydrogen activity in water is pH, which is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration. This parameter is dimensionless and typically ranges from 0 to 14. A pH greater than 7 indicates that the water is basic (alkaline), whereas a pH less than 7 indicates that the water is acidic.
A description of the chemical and physical characteristics of water aids in evaluating its suitability for various uses. Water-quality standards for chemical constituents or parameters adopted by the State of Wyoming and used for evaluating ground-water quality for domestic, agricultural, and livestock use are listed in table 7. Because of the variability of water quality at different sampling points and an insufficient number of water samples analyzed in the county, water samples reported here are not classified as suitable for specific uses. However, individual samples listed in tables in this report can be compared to the water-quality standards listed in table 7.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1996) has established primary and secondary drinking water standards applicable to public drinking-water supplies (table 8). These Federal regulations specify maximum allowable contaminant levels (MCLs) and secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs). The MCLs are health related and legally enforceable. Although MCLs apply only to public drinking-water supplies, the levels are useful indicators of the suitability of water for human consumption. The SMCLs are standards primarily addressing the aesthetic qualities of drinking water, and are not legally enforceable. For example, chloride at concentrations exceeding 250 mg/L may impart a bitter taste to water.
WATER QUALITY 35
Table 7. Wyoming ground-water quality standards for domestic, agricultural, and livestock use
(Modified from Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, 1993, p. 9)
[All constituent concentrations are in milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated. --, no established level; ug/L, micrograms per liter; °C, degrees Celsius]
Constituent or property
Aluminum (|ag/L)Arsenic (|ag/L)
Barium (|ag/L)Boron (|ag/L)Cadmium (Hg/L)ChlorideChromium (|ag/L)Copper (|ig/L)FluorideIron (|ag/L)Lead (ng/L)Manganese (Hg/L)Mercury (ng/L)Nitrate + nitrite, as nitrogenSelenium (ng/L)Silver (|lg/L)SulfateDissolved solidspH, standard unitsSodium-adsorption ratio (no units)
Domestic use
--
50
1,000750
10250
501,000
1 1.4-2.4300
5050
2101050
250
5006.5-9.0
--
Agricultural use
5,000100
--
75010
100100200-
5,0005,000
200----
20-
2002,000
4.5-9.0
8
Livestock use
5,000200-
5,00050
2,00050
500--
100-
.0510050-
3,0005,0006.5-8.5
-
r^r\f»nrlf»nfr r\n fh/^ nnniinl nvprnap r\f f HP mnvimnm Hnil v nir tf*mnprnfiirp - 1 A. mcr/T rnrrpcnrmrlc \x/ifh n
temperature range of 26.3 to 32.5°C and 2.4 mg/L corresponds with a temperature of 12.0°C and below.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
During the study of the water resources in Lincoln County, quality-assurance and quality-control protocols were used to ensure the accuracy of the data collected and to assist in the interpretation of historical and collected data. Quality-control samples were collected to assess the adequacy of general water-quality sampling and analysis procedures and to identify factors that may have produced discrepancies in the data.
Quality Assurance
Quality assurance refers to proper office, field, and laboratory procedures. Office quality assurance involved review of historical data as well as evaluation of data collected during the 1993-95 field seasons. All historical data, collected in Lincoln County since 1945 as part of previous investigations or other data-collection activities, were screened before inclusion in this report. All data from surface- and ground-water samples, historical and collected during this study, were checked to ensure that the percent difference between the sum of the cations (in milliequivalents per liter (meq/L)) and the sum of the anions (in meq/L) was less than +/-5 percent. Because water is electrically neutral (the sum of cations equals the sum of the anions), the percent difference between the sum of the cations and the sum of the anions helps determine if the analytical results are accurate. Any data collected from sites that had samples with ionic balances that differed by more than 5 percent were evaluated to determine whether the data were to be included in this report. Only USGS historical data were examined.
36 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Table 8. Selected maximum and secondary maximum contaminant levels for public drinking-water supplies
(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996)
[All constituent concentrations are in milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated. , no established level; Jig/L, micrograms per liter]
Constituent or propertyMaximum
contaminant levelSecondary maximum
contaminant level
Arsenic (|ig/L)
Barium (|ig/L)
Cadmium (|ig/L)
Chloride
Chromium (|ig/L)
Copper (jig/L)
Fluoride
Iron (jig/L)
Lead (|ig/L)
Manganese (|ig/L)
Mercury (|ig/L)
Nitrate, as nitrogen
Selenium (|ig/L)
Silver (|ig/L)
Sulfate
Zinc (jig/L)
Dissolved solids
pH, standard units
2,4-D
Picloram
Inorganic
50
2,000
5
100
1,300
4
15
2
10
50
500
Organic
.07
.05
250
2.0
300
50
100
250
5,000
500
6.5-8.5
Quality assurance procedures for the field and laboratory were conducted during the 1993-95 field season. Field quality-assurance practices involved calibration of all field meters and probes, and cleaning of sampling equipment prior to all site visits. Immediately prior to each sampling, meters and probes were recalibrated. All calibration information was recorded on USGS water-quality field forms. Samples were collected, preserved, and shipped in accordance with applicable USGS protocols. Quality-assurance procedures used at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in Arvada, Colorado, constituted the laboratory quality-assurance program implemented for this study.
Quality Control
Two types of quality-control samples were collected during the 1993-95 field sampling: replicate samples and field-blank samples. Replicate samples, sometimes called splits, were collected from seven sites, and were obtained by dividing the water collected for each analysis into two bottles. The NWQL then analyzed the samples as two separate sites. The purpose of a replicate sample is to evaluate laboratory precision between samples. Field- blank samples collected at 15 sites in the county were obtained by passing inorganic-free blank water through all components of the sample-collection apparatus. Chemical analysis of this water was designed to determine the adequacy of the process of equipment cleaning between sampled sites, or to quantify carryover of any chemical contamination between sites.
WATER QUALITY 37
Streamflow Quality
Natural and anthropogenic factors affect the water quality of Streamflow: geology of the drainage basin, ground-water inflow, and land use. Hem (1985, p. 39) describes natural factors as "reactions of water with mineral solids in the streambed and in suspension, reactions among solutes, losses of water by evaporation and by transpiration from plants growing in and near the stream, and effects of organic matter and water-dwelling biota." Anthropogenic activities affecting Streamflow water quality include farming, grazing, mining, disposing of waste, and diverting and augmenting streamflows.
Streamflow water quality is related to the mineral composition of the soil and rocks with which the water is in contact, and is therefore affected by the geology of the drainage basin and ground-water inflow. Sediment loads are related to the erodibility of the rocks and surficial materials in the drainage basin. Land uses in Lincoln County that might affect Streamflow water quality are agriculture, mining, oil and gas development, waste disposal, and reservoirs.
The purpose of this section is to describe and evaluate the Streamflow water quality in Lincoln County. Previous reports and current studies that include drainage basins in the county are discussed first. Statistical summaries of selected physical properties and chemical analyses were used to evaluate Streamflow water quality for the three main drainage basins in Lincoln County. Surface-water samples collected during a sampling event July 18-23, 1994, were used to evaluate Streamflow water quality in the Salt River.
Typically, Streamflow water quality studies are done for a selected stream or drainage basin. All three basins that occur in the county, (the Green, Bear, and Snake River Basins (fig. 8)) were part of previous studies. The Snake and Bear River Basins are part of current investigations.
Water-quality in the Green River Basin is discussed in several reports published by the USGS (DeLong, 1977; DeLong and Wells, 1988; and Ringen, 1984). Salinity, dissolved solids, and suspended sediments were the primary constituents evaluated because they are the most commonly used factors to evaluate the suitability of water for various uses. In all three reports, a regression model was used to relate the constituent of concern to discharge. At least one Streamflow site in Lincoln County was included in all three studies, but usually most of the study area was outside of the county.
DeLong (1986, p. 14-15) evaluated phosphate loads in the Green River because of concerns related to eutrophication and algal growth in the reservoirs on the river. Phosphate loads computed for sites upstream and downstream of Fontenelle Reservoir show that the reservoir traps phosphate. Storage rates were not computed because of the lack of data collected from runoff and tributary streams.
In a study of the water resources of the Overthrust Belt in western Wyoming, Lines and Glass (1975, sheet 3) used major ion data and dissolved-solids concentrations to describe water types and general water quality of samples collected from streams in the Green, Bear, and Snake River Basins. Water samples collected from streams in the southeastern part of the Bear River Basin and the southwestern part of the Green River Basin contained the largest concentrations of magnesium, sodium, sulfate, and chloride. In addition to the differences between drainage basins, Lines and Glass also showed that differences can occur between locations within the same drainage basin and that differences can occur seasonally at a single site.
Lowham (1985) summarized the physical and hydrologic features of a coal bearing area in the Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain Provinces, including the Green and Bear River Basins in Lincoln County. Streamflow quality is described using the following parameters: dissolved solids, pH, total phosphorous, suspended sediment, bacteria, algae, invertebrates, fish, and water temperature. Boxplots of dissolved-solids concentration (Lowham, 1985, p. 42) show that most water samples collected from Green River near La Barge (site 4) and Bear River near the Wyoming-Idaho border (on the Idaho side) had concentrations less than 500 mg/L. However, most water samples from Twin Creek at Sage (site 19), a tributary to the Bear River, had concentrations greater than 500 mg/L.
38 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
m°oo'
42°00' !«enu -
EXPLANATION
GREEN RIVER DRAINAGE AREA
BEAR RIVER DRAINAGE AREA
SNAKE RIVER DRAINAGE AREA
WATER-QUALITY SAMPLING SITE AND NUMBER
Base from U.S. Geological Survey 1:500,000 State base map, 1980
26
R. 120W. 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 R. 112W.
Figure 8. Location of the Green, Bear, and Snake River drainage areas in Lincoln County, Wyoming.
WATER QUALITY 39
In 1991, the USGS began implementing a full-scale National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The long-term goals of the NAWQA program are to describe the status and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources, and to provide a sound, scientific understanding of the primary natural and human factors affecting the quality of these resources. The Snake River Basin in northern Lincoln County is part of the Upper Snake River NAWQA study that began in 1991. A report describing the quality of surface water "on the basis of nutrient, suspended sediment, and pesticide data" (Clark, 1994, p. 2) from 1975-89 was published in 1994. The Bear River Basin in southwestern Lincoln County is part of the Great Salt Lake NAWQA study that began in 1994.
In the Upper Snake River NAWQA study, water-quality samples were collected from the Salt River (Clark, 1994, p. 29). Upstream and downstream concentrations of nitrate were significantly different; whereas, concentra tions of total phosphorus were not significantly different between the upstream and downstream stations on the Salt River. Differences in concentrations of dissolved ammonia, total nitrogen, and orthophosphate were not assessed because of a lack of data.
Statistical summaries (table 9) of selected physical properties and chemical analyses were used to evaluate the water quality for samples collected from streams and rivers in the Green, Bear, and Snake River Basins. The location of the three drainage basins within the county is shown on figure 8. Data are from the USGS water-quality data bases located in Wyoming, Utah, and Idaho Districts. Physical properties and major ion data were screened for duplication of analyses stored in the three data bases. Otherwise, all data were used in the statistical summaries. Values less than the NWQL reporting limit were assumed to equal half of the reporting limit for major ion and nutrient data and were assumed to equal the reporting limit for trace element, pesticide, and sediment data.
Water-quality samples collected at two streamflow sites in each drainage basin were used to summarize streamflow water quality. The sites selected were (table 1): Green River near La Barge (site 4) and Hams Fork near Diamond ville (Kemmerer) (site 16), Green River Basin; Twin Creek at Sage (site 19) and Bear River below Smiths Fork, near Cokeville (site 40), Bear River Basin; Snake River above reservoir, near Alpine (site 46) and Salt River above reservoir, near Etna (site 58), Snake River Basin. These sites represent the farthest downstream location on the major tributaries in each drainage basin where a large number of water-quality data were collected. The statistical summary of water-quality constituents listed in table 9 should be considered only as a general condition of the streamflow water quality leaving the county in each drainage basin, because water-quality conditions can change from the headwaters to the lowest downstream point and seasonally at the same site.
General water quality of streamflow typically is described by the dissolved-solids concentration. Evaluating water quality in terms of dissolved-solids concentration or any other constituent is dependent on the use of the water. The SMCL for dissolved-solids concentration is 500 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996) (table 8). Standards or guidelines for other constituents and other water uses are established by various Federal and State agencies, and by industry.
The median dissolved-solids concentration in water samples collected from the Bear River Basin is 563 mg/L (table 9). The dissolved-solids concentrations reported in this study are most representative of stream- flow quality at Twin Creek, because most of the analyses (126 of 129) were from water samples collected at site 19. Boxplots of dissolved-solids concentrations for three sites in the Bear River Basin are presented in Larson (1985, p. 43). Larson shows a site on Twin Creek with a water sample having a median dissolved-solids concentra tion greater than 500 mg/L and dissolved-solids concentration in the same range as site 19. The samples from two mainstem sites on the Bear River had median values less than 500 mg/L (Larson, 1985, p. 43).
Lines and Glass (1975, sheet 3) attributed higher concentrations of magnesium, sodium, sulfate, and chloride in the southern part of the Overthrust Belt area to the composition of Tertiary rocks, low precipitation, and high evapotranspiration in the area. Median concentrations of the same constituents (table 9) are larger in the Bear River Basin, which drains part of the southern Overthrust Belt area, than in the Green and Snake River Basins.
40 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Tabl
e 9.
S
tatis
tical
sum
mar
y of
sel
ecte
d ph
ysic
al p
rope
rties
and
che
mic
al a
naly
ses
of w
ater
sam
ples
col
lect
ed fr
om s
tream
s an
d riv
ers
in th
e G
reen
, Be
ar,
and
Sna
ke R
iver
Bas
ins,
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g[A
naly
tical
resu
lts in
mill
igra
ms
per l
iter e
xcep
t as
indi
cate
d; |a
S/cm
, mic
rosf
emen
s pe
r cen
timet
er a
t 25
degr
ees
Cel
sius
; °C
, deg
rees
Cel
sius
; ND
, not
det
ecte
d]
Dra
inag
e B
asin
Gre
en R
iver
Bas
in
Con
stitu
ent o
r pr
oper
ty
Num
ber
of
anal
yses
Max
imum
Min
imum
Med
ian
Num
ber
of
anal
yses
Bea
r R
iver
Bas
in
Max
imum
Min
imum
M
edia
n
Num
ber
of
anal
yses
Snak
e R
iver
Bas
in
Max
imum
Min
imum
Med
ian
Con
cent
ratio
ns
WATER
QUALITY 4
Spec
ific
cond
ucta
nce
(US/
cm)
pH (
stan
dard
uni
ts)
Wat
er te
mpe
ratu
re (
°C)
Har
dnes
s, to
tal
(as
CaC
O3)
Cal
cium
, dis
solv
ed(a
s C
a)
Mag
nesi
um, d
isso
lved
(a
s M
g)
Sodi
um, d
isso
lved
(as
Na)
Sodi
um a
dsor
ptio
n ra
tio
Pota
ssiu
m, d
isso
lved
(asK
)
Alk
alin
ity, t
otal
(a
s C
aCO
3)
Sulfa
te, d
isso
lved
(as
SO4)
Chl
orid
e, d
isso
lved
(as
Cl)
Fluo
ride,
dis
solv
ed (
as F
)
Silic
a, d
isso
lved
(a
s Si
O2)
Dis
solv
ed s
olid
s, su
m o
f con
stitu
ents
Nitr
ogen
, dis
solv
ed
NO
2+N
O3
(as
N)
556
492
459
458
458
458
457
457
458
111
457
455
453
457
456 90
800 9.
5
24 330 94 40 75 2 6.
8
210
200 18 1.
7
15 478 1.
6
156 6.
5
0 76 21 21 4 .2 .05
73 5.9
ND
ND
.05
91 ND
400 8 7
180 49 14 14
.5 1.6
150 61 3.
9 .3 7.2
239 .0
5
340
111
355
131
131
131
130
131
129 44 131
131
124
131
129 51
4,00
0 9.2
22
1,80
0
390
190
300 3 24 258
1,10
0
240 1.1
51
2,74
0 .4
250
720
7.3
8.1
0 8
210
380
44
81
18
43
15
47
.4
1
.7
3.6
96
190
56
220
11
32
.2
.4
.1 9.
4
283
563
.025
.0
5
676
392
709
532
531
530
530
531
528
158
531
530
516
529
529
157
925 9 25 260 79 38 95 3 6.
6
230 74 140 3 19 493 3.
2
128 6.
8
0 87 25 1.8
2.2 .1
ND 82 5 .4
ND
ND 113
ND
391 8 7
200 55 14 10
.3 1.4
190 35 10
.2
8.4
241
.6
Tabl
e 9.
S
tatis
tical
sum
mar
y of
sel
ecte
d ph
ysic
al p
rope
rties
and
che
mic
al a
naly
ses
of w
ater
sam
ples
col
lect
ed fr
om s
tream
s an
d riv
ers
in th
e G
reen
, B
ear a
nd
Sna
ke R
iver
Bas
ins,
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
ER
RESOURCES Ol II n O
0 z 8 <
Dra
inag
e B
asin
Gre
en R
iver
Bas
in
Con
stitu
ent o
r pr
oper
ty
Num
ber
of
anal
yses
Max
imum
Min
imum
M
edia
n
Num
ber
of
anal
yses
Bea
r R
iver
Bas
in
Max
imum
Min
imum
Med
ian
Num
ber
of
anal
yses
Snak
e R
iver
Bas
in
Max
imum
M
inim
umM
edia
n
Loa
d (t
ons
per
day)
Cal
cium
, dis
solv
ed(a
s C
a)
Mag
nesi
um, d
isso
lved
Sodi
um, d
isso
lved
(as
Na)
Pota
ssiu
m, d
isso
lved
(asK
)
Sulfa
te, d
isso
lved
(as
SO4)
Chl
orid
e, d
isso
lved
(as
Cl)
Fluo
ride,
dis
solv
ed (
as F
)
Silic
a, d
isso
lved
(as
SiC>
2)
Dis
solv
ed s
olid
s, su
m o
fco
nstit
uent
s
Nitr
ogen
, dis
solv
ed
NO
2+N
O3
(as
N)
246
246
245
246
245
244
242
245
244 85
1,29
1
383
312 67 978 79 5
250
6,14
0 42
0.9
78
0.2
21
.2
25
.03
2.5
1.9
94
.1 6
.004
.4
.002
12
4.7
383
.01
.09
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102 51
100 36 47 8.
7
264 21
.6
12.4
595
.3
0.3
0.2 .2 .0
2
1.3 .2 .0
02
.002
2.7 .0
002
1.6
0.8 1 .0
7
4.2 .7 .00
8
.2
11
.001
330
330
330
327
330
330
319
328
330
145
2,05
4 36
412
11
562
5.4
115
.1
1,21
9 11
621
2.9
34
.1
648
.1
8,32
0 15
4
50
.03
182 46 35 4
103 27
.7
25 815 1.
9
The source of nitrogen in streamflow varies and can be anthropogenic or natural. Anthropogenic sources include septic tanks, barnyards, and nitrogen fertilizer. The median nitrate concentration in surface-water samples collected from all three drainage basins is less than the MCL of 10 mg/L as nitrogen (U.S. Environ mental Protection Agency, 1996). Samples from the Snake River Basin have the highest nitrate concentrations (median = 0.6 mg/L as nitrogen; table 9). Sixty-seven percent (125 of 186) of the samples used in the analysis are from Salt River above reservoir near Etna (site 58), which drains the agricultural area in Star Valley. Greys River above (Palisades) reservoir, near Alpine (site 49), is also in the Snake River Basin, but drains an area unaffected by agriculture. However, no historical data were available from site 49 to include in the statistical summary.
The Wyoming, Utah, and Idaho District data bases were queried for analytical data for the following pesticides: ethion, malathion, parathion, diazinon, methyl parathion, picloram, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, silvex, ethyl trithion, methyl trithion, dicamba, and 2,4-DP Water-quality samples collected from Twin Creek at Sage (site 19) and Bear River below Smiths Fork, near Cokeville (site 40) in the Bear River Basin were analyzed for these 13 pesticides. Picloram, 2,4-D, and dicamba were detected in water samples collected from sites in both the Green and Snake River Basins. All pesticide results for picloram, 2,4-D, and dicamba were less than the MCL or proposed drinking water equivalent level (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996). The MCL for picloram is 0.5 mg/L and for 2,4-D is 0.07 mg/L. The USEPA has not established an MCL for dicamba, but the proposed drinking water equivalent level in the Generic State Pesticide Management Plan (Wyoming Department of Agriculture, 1995, p. 1A-3) is about 1 mg/L. Ninety-five percent of all the samples in the Green and Snake River Basin had no detection of pesticides.
Streams naturally carry suspended sediment. However, increased concentrations of suspended sediment can be related to land use activities such as irrigation, grazing, logging, mining, recreation, and road construc tion. High concentrations of suspended sediment can cause (1) reduction in the aesthetic qualities of the water, (2) filling of reservoirs and other water bodies, (3) reduction of light penetration in water to the detriment of many species of aquatic life, (4) deposition of sediments on stream bottoms resulting in a loss of spawning habitat for many species of fish, and (5) sorption and transport of insoluble trace elements and organic com pounds onto sediment. The highest median concentration of suspended sediment (70 mg/L) was observed in a water sample collected from the Bear River Basin.
A sampling event on the Salt River was conducted July 18-23,1994, in cooperation with the Upper Snake River NAWQA. The Salt River was chosen for further study because of the potential for future development in the valley and the Wyoming State Engineer's interest in the impact of human activity on streamflow water quality. The Salt River flows north through the agriculturally based Star Valley in northwestern Lincoln County. The river enters the head of the valley approximately 5 miles south of Smoot (fig. 9) and flows north through "the Narrows" south of Thayne. The Narrows, which divides Star Valley into an upper and lower valley, is a short canyon formed by rock outcrops of the Tertiary Salt Lake Formation to the east and Triassic- and Jurassic- age rocks to the west. The Salt River continues to flow north through the lower valley until it reaches Palisades Reservoir near Alpine.
Streamflow discharge was measured and water-quality samples were collected from 10 sites (fig. 9) on the Salt River and from one tributary site (Crow Creek at county road 143, near Fairview, site 143). Physical properties were measured onsite, and surface-water samples were collected for determination of major ions and nutrients at all sites. Fecal coliform levels were determined in water samples collected at 10 sites, and pesticide concentrations were determined in water samples collected at 6 sites. Water-quality samples were collected in July, after high flow and before low flow (table 13, at the back of report).
As the Salt River flows through Star Valley, the quality and quantity of the river is impacted by agriculture and geothermal activity. As the river flows through the valley, it gains water from tributaries, ground water, and a variety of surface-water returns, and loses water to ground water, surface-water diversions, and evapotran-
WATER QUALITY 43
Iir07'30" iii-w 110°52'30" 110°45'
T. 37 N.
T. 36 N.
T. 35 N.
T. 34 N.
T. 33 N.
_ T. 32 N.
T. 31 N.
T. 30 N.
T. 29 N.
R. 44 E.Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000 quadrangles: Jackson, 1981; Palisades, 1986; Preston, 1983; and Soda Springs, 1982
Universal Transverse Mercator projection. Zone 13
0246 8 KILOMETERS
EXPLANATION
QUATERNARY ALLUVIUM - - SALT RIVER DRAINAGEBASIN BOUNDARY
A140 SURFACE-WATER SAMPLING SITE AND NUMBER
APPROXIMATE AREA WHERE RIVER HAD NO FLOW JULY 18-24, 1994
Figure 9. Location of streamflow data collection sites on the Salt River and a tributary to the Salt River sampled July 18-23,1994.
44 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
spiration. During the sampling event, the largest estimated streamflow loss was to East Side Canal Q T
approximately 100 ft /s (table 13). Despite these losses, the Salt River gained approximately 340 ft /s from Salt River above Fish Creek, near Smoot (site 140) where the Salt River enters the upper valley to the site Salt River above reservoir near Etna (site 58) where the river discharges to Palisade Reservoir (table 13). Between Salt River at County Road 148, near Smoot (site 142) to just upstream of Salt River below Crow Creek near Afton (site 144), the Salt River was dry, in part because of the diversion of Salt River tributaries for irrigation. Discharge from Crow Creek, 24 ft /s, combined with ground-water inflow, increased the discharge in the Salt River to 64 ft3/s at site 144. Streamflow continued to increase from site 144 to the Narrows. The flow in the river is unchanged as it passes through the Narrows. The river loses about 40 percent of its streamflow to East Side Canal after the river exits the Narrows, but more than doubles its streamflow from the site below the East Side Canal, Salt River near Thayne (site 149) to site 58 above Palisades Reservoir. The gain in streamflow is likely from ground-water inflow and surface-water return flow.
Further study is needed to determine cause and effect relations from the water-quality data collected during the sampling event. However, some general observations can be made. Sulfate, chloride, and nitrate were evaluated in surface-water samples, because agricultural practices and geothermal activity can affect those water-quality constituents. Instantaneous discharge, physical and biological properties, and inorganic water- quality data collected during the study are compiled in table 13.
Just as streamflow discharge increased from the farthest upstream site to the farthest downstream in both the upper and lower valleys, so did loads of sulfate, chloride, and nitrate. The concentration, in comparison to the load, of the three chemicals did not always behave similarly in the same stretches of the river. Sulfate and chloride concentrations increased downstream in the upper valley and nitrate concentrations, in general, decreased. Conversely, sulfate and chloride concentrations decreased in the lower valley, and nitrate concentra tions, in general, increased. The increased sulfate and chloride concentration and load in the upper valley may be related to geothermal ground-water inflow into the Salt River from the western side of the valley at the Narrows, rather than to an agricultural influence.
Four pesticides 2,4-D, picloram, EPTC, and dicamba are used by the Lincoln County Weed and Pest Control (Scott Nield, oral commun., 1994). Surface-water samples collected during the study were analyzed for these 4 primary and 39 other pesticides at 6 sites (sites 142,144,146,149,150, and 58) (fig 9). All pesticide concentrations were less than the minimum reporting limits established by NWQL (2,4-D, picloram, and dicamba reporting limits, 0.01 |J,g/L; EPTC reporting limit, 0.005 |J,g/L). Also, all pesticide concentrations were less than the reporting limit for a sample collected in May 1994 at site 58 for the Upper Snake River NAWQA.
Ground-Water Quality
Data describing the water quality of geologic units are obtained by collecting samples of ground water from wells completed in or from springs issuing from a specific geologic unit. The physical and chemical characteristics of ground water are related by the geologic units that water has been in contact with and to human activities (table 6). The physical and chemical characteristics for water samples consist of analyses of samples collected as part of this study of Lincoln County and historical data in the USGS ground-water and water-quality data bases. Ground-water samples collected during this study were analyzed at the NWQL for common ions (table 14, at the back of report), and selected samples were analyzed for select trace elements (table 15, at the back of report). Physical properties of specific conductance, pH, and water temperature determined onsite also are listed in table 14.
Analyses of ground-water samples collected from wells completed in and springs issuing from deposits of Quaternary age, rocks of Tertiary age, and rocks from Mesozoic and Paleozoic age are included in this report. Analysis of a ground-water sample collected during the 1993-95 field season included onsite measurements of
WATER QUALITY 45
specific conductance, pH, and temperature. At many sites, a water sample also was collected for chemical analyses at the NWQL. The distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples collected from geologic units in Lincoln County is shown in figure 10. Modified Stiff diagrams (fig. 11) represent the water type typically found in selected geologic units at various sites in the county. Box plots (fig. 10) and modified Stiff diagrams (fig. 11) were constructed for geologic units containing five or more sites where ground-water samples were collected. When a site had two or more samples analyzed, the total dissolved-solids concentra tions were averaged for box plot and modified Stiff diagrams construction. Modified Stiff diagrams were constructed by determining the median value of each constituent from the geologic unit, then selecting an actual site that most closely represented the median values. With the exception of the Preuss Sandstone or Preuss Redbeds, where three sites were sampled, only geologic units with five or more sites where water samples were collected for chemical analyses are described in detail in each section.
Quaternary Deposits
Ninety-six ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis and 30 water samples were collected for onsite analysis from 118 sites during this and previous studies from wells completed in and springs issuing from deposits of Quaternary age (table 14). An additional 74 samples (in table 16, at the back of report) were collected from monitoring wells in Star Valley, and are discussed in the Star Valley Monitoring Well Section. Ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from the alluvium and colluvium (82), glacial deposits (1), landslide deposits (4), and terrace deposits (9). Quaternary alluvial and colluvial and terrace deposits are located near major streams and rivers throughout Lincoln County (fig. 12). The chemical characte ristics of water samples collected from alluvium and colluvium, and terrace deposits are described in the following section.
Eighty-two ground-water samples (plus the additional 74 from the Star Valley Monitoring Wells) were collected for chemical analysis from 76 wells completed in and 2 springs issuing from the alluvium and colluvium. The samples were collected from wells completed in and springs issuing from the alluvium and colluvium located along the following stream and river systems: the Salt River, the Bear River, the Green River, and Hams Fork. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples collected from the alluvium and colluvium ranged from 196 to 3,090 mg/L (table 14). Water types of the samples from the alluvium and colluvium differed from the shaley Tertiary parent material of the alluvium and colluvium. This material is different from the parent material of the alluvium and colluvium of the Salt and Bear Rivers, which does not contain much shale; therefore, the water from the Salt and Bear River alluvium and colluvium contains lower dissolved-solids concentrations. Water samples from 64 wells were analyzed for specific trace elements; dissolved concentra tions are listed in table 15. The iron concentrations of samples collected from the alluvium and colluvium ranged from less than the method reporting limit (3 (ig/L) to 1,200 (ig/L (table 15).
Nine ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from six wells completed in and three springs issuing from the terrace deposits. Dissolved-solids concentrations of samples from terrace deposits ranged from 231 to 1,010 mg/L. The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 351 mg/L (fig. 11).
Tertiary Rocks
Sixty-eight ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis and 18 ground-water samples were collected for onsite analysis only from 74 sites during this and previous studies from wells completed in and springs issuing from rocks of Tertiary age. Samples collected from Tertiary rocks in Lincoln County are from sites located mainly in the southern half of the county, with the exception of the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations near Star Valley (fig. 12). Samples were collected for chemical analysis from undifferentiated Tertiary rocks (4), the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations (7), the Bridger Formation (2), and the Fowkes
46 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Alluvium and Colluvium
Glacial deposits
Landslide deposits
Terrace deposits
Tertiary rocks
Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations
Bridger Formation
Fowkes Formation
Laney Shale Member of the Green River Formation
Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation Angelo Member of the Green River Formation
Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation
Wasatch Formation
Evanston Formation
Blind Bull Formation
Milliard Shale
Frontier Formation
Sage Junction Formation
Aspen Shale
Bear River Formation
Gannett Group
Stump Formation
Preuss Sandstone or Preuss Redbeds
Twin Creek Limestone
Nugget Sandstone
Thaynes Limestone
Woodside Shale
Dinwoody Formation
Phosphoria Formation and related rocks
Tensleep Sandstone
Wells Formation
Madison Limestone
Dardy Formation
Bighorn Dolomite
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1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
DISSOLVED-SOLIDS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
Figure 10. Distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples collected from wells completed in and springs from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming.
WATER QUALITY 47
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iiroo-EXPLANATION
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
TERTIARY ROCKS
MESOZOIC AND PALEOZOIC ROCKS
43"00'
Auburn0 \ JGrover
42°30' _
-HIS!?
Base from U.S. Geological Survey 1:500,000 State base map, 1980
R. 120W. 119 118 117 116 115 113 R. 112W
Figure 12. General location of Quaternary deposits, Tertiary rocks, and Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks in Lincoln County, Wyoming.
WATER QUALITY 49
Formation (2). Samples were collected from members of the Green River Formation and include, specifically, the Laney Member (10), the Wilkins Peak Member (1), the Angelo Member (1), and the Fossil Butte Member (10). Twenty-seven samples were collected from the Wasatch Formation, and four samples were collected from the Evanston Formation. The chemical characteristics of the water samples collected from the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations, the Laney and Fossil Butte Members of the Green River Formation, and the Wasatch Formation are described. Forty-four water samples collected from Tertiary rocks were analyzed for trace elements (table 15). Samples from the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation contained the highest concentration of boron (4,200 |ig/L) (table 15). Samples from the Wasatch Formation contained the highest concentration of iron (1,600 fig/L) (table 15).
As previously mentioned, the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations are not differentiated. Seven ground- water samples were collected for chemical analysis from four wells completed in and three springs issuing from the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations. All samples were collected in the northwestern part of the county near Star Valley. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 206 to 349 mg/L (table 14). The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 337 mg/L (fig. 11).
Two members of the Green River Formation, the Laney and Fossil Butte Members, were sampled frequently enough to discuss. These two members are quite different with respect to dissolved-solids concentra tion and water type. This difference may, in part, be due to the location where ground water from these units was sampled. Water from the Laney Member typically was sampled from wells in the central part of the Green River Basin. Ten ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from six wells completed in and one spring issuing from the Laney. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 551 to 4,480 mg/L (table 14). All water samples collected from the Laney Member had a dissolved-solids concentration greater than the SMCL of 500 mg/L established by the USEPA, (table 8). The modified Stiff diagram shows a sodium carbonate water type with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 860 mg/L (fig. 11). The water producing zone in the Fossil Butte Member was a limestone or marlstone layer nearer to the recharge area on the western edge of the Green River Basin. Ten samples were collected for analysis from nine springs issuing from the Fossil Butte Member. The dissolved-solids concentrations of these samples ranged from 193 to 836 mg/L (table 14). The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium sulfate-carbonate water type with a typical dissolved- solids concentration of 653 mg/L (fig. 11).
Twenty-seven ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from 10 wells completed in and 16 springs issuing from the Wasatch Formation. The dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 194 to 5,400 mg/L (table 14). The modified Stiff diagrams indicate two different water types associated with the Wasatch Formation in Lincoln County. Samples collected from springs near the recharge area are influenced more from snow melt and had a calcium carbonate water type with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 272 mg/L (fig. 11, site 425851110471201). Samples collected from wells or springs farther away from the recharge area were less influenced from snow melt, and had a sodium sulfate water type with a typical dissolved- solids concentration of 1,140 mg/L (fig. 11, site 413658110421701).
Mesozoic Rocks
Seventy-eight ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis and 28 water samples were collected for onsite analysis only from 82 sites during this and previous studies from wells completed in and springs issuing from rocks of Mesozoic age. Mesozoic rocks from which water samples were collected are located in a north-south direction through the center of Lincoln County (fig. 12). This means that samples collected from one formation, for example the Gannett Group, may be 75-100 miles away from another sample
50 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
collection site from the same formation. Water samples were collected for chemical analysis from the Blind Bull Formation (1), the Milliard Shale (4), the Frontier Formation (5), the Sage Junction Formation (1), the Aspen Shale (13), the Bear River Formation (9), and the Gannett Group (11), all of Cretaceous age; the Stump Formation (1), the Preuss Sandstone or Preuss Redbeds (3), and the Twin Creek Limestone (4) of Jurassic age; the Nugget Sandstone (18) of Jurassic(?) and Triassic(?) age; and the Thaynes Limestone (6), the Woodside Shale (1), and the Dinwoody Formation (1) of Triassic age. The chemical characteristics of the water samples collected from the Aspen Shale, the Bear River Formation, the Gannett Group, the Preuss Sandstone or Preuss Redbeds, the Nugget Sandstone, and the Thaynes Limestone are described in this section.
Thirteen ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from one well completed in and eight springs issuing from the Aspen Shale. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 192 to 5,570 mg/L (table 14). The dissolved-solids concentrations in the Aspen Shale are dependent on the time of year when samples are collected, as well as the amount of recharge that has occurred from infiltration of recent precipita tion. The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concen tration of 334 mg/L (fig. 11).
Nine ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from one well completed in and five springs issuing from the Bear River Formation. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 226 to 505 mg/L (table 14). The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 257 mg/L (fig. 11).
Eleven ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from nine springs issuing from the Gannett Group. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 137 to 824 mg/L (table 14). The Gannett Group spans a large area of the county; however, the dissolved-solids concentrations do not differ substantially from the northern to the southern end of the county. The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 232 mg/L (fig. 11).
Three ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from three springs issuing from the Preuss Sandstone or Preuss Redbeds. Although there were not enough samples collected to prepare a box plot or a modified Stiff diagram, one sample had a sodium concentration of 120,000 mg/L, a chloride concentration of 75,000 mg/L, and a dissolved-solids concentration of 198,000 mg/L (table 14). This sample was collected from a spring (site 422802110575901) that probably issues from one of the irregular halite deposits noted in Oriel and Platt (1980), and is probably not an indicator of the general water quality found in the Preuss Sand stone or Preuss Redbeds.
Eighteen ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from 1 well completed in and 15 springs issuing from the Nugget Formation. All springs in the Nugget Formation sampled during this study discharged through fractures. Fractures (secondary permeability) are prominent in the Nugget, thus the resi dence time of water in the formation is short when compared to the residence time of water movement from primary permeability. This short residence time generally results in low dissolved-solids concentrations. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 40 to 824 mg/L (table 14). The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 165 mg/L (fig. 11).
Six ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from one well completed in and four springs issuing from the Thaynes Limestone. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 128 to 5,690 mg/L (table 14); however, most samples had dissolved-solids concentrations less than 400 mg/L. The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium-magnesium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 386 mg/L (fig. 11).
WATER QUALITY 51
Paleozoic Rocks
Twenty-nine ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis and 2 ground-water samples were collected for onsite analysis only from 21 sites during this and previous studies from wells completed in and springs issuing from rocks of Paleozoic age. Paleozoic rocks in Lincoln County are exposed in a north- south trending alignment through the center of the county, similar to the rocks of Mesozoic age (fig. 12). Water samples were collected for chemical analysis from the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks of Permian age (2); the Tensleep Sandstone (3), and the Wells Formation (7) of Pennsylvania age; the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age (7); the Darby Formation of Devonian age (1); and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age (9). As a group, water samples collected from Paleozoic rocks have the lowest dissolved-solids concentrations of water samples from all geologic units in Lincoln County. Water from springs issuing from Paleozoic rocks is used as a water supply for several towns and water districts in Star Valley. The chemical characteristics of the water samples collected from the Wells Formation, the Madison Limestone, and the Bighorn Dolomite are described in the following section.
Seven ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from one well completed in and four springs issuing from the Wells Formation. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 100 to 521 mg/L (table 14). The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 132 mg/L (fig. 11).
Seven ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from five springs issuing from the Madison Limestone. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 104 to 311 mg/L (table 14). The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 195 mg/L (fig. 11).
Nine ground-water samples were collected for chemical analysis from six springs issuing from the Bighorn Dolomite. The dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 153 to 294 mg/L (table 14). The modified Stiff diagram shows a calcium-magnesium carbonate water type, with a typical dissolved-solids concentration of 249 mg/L (fig. 11).
GROUND-WATER MONITORING IN STAR VALLEY
Increased population growth and recent detections of nitrate concentrations greater than the MCL (10 mg/L as nitrogen) (Ken Mills, Natural Resource Conservation Service, oral commun., 1993) in Star Valley prompted a study of the baseline water quality of the ground water. The baseline data are used to determine the general water quality of the aquifer at the present time. Data from the study was also used to answer the following two questions: (1) do nitrate concentrations vary seasonally, and (2) do nitrate concentrations correlate with the depth to ground water at the time of sampling. Answers to these questions will enhance analysis of past data, as well as assist with the design of future sampling efforts.
Ten domestic wells completed in the Salt River alluvium and colluvium were selected and established as monitoring wells in 1993 (fig. 13). This work was supported, in part, by the Star Valley Conservation District. The wells selected were distributed throughout the valley, and were located away from any potential nitrate source such as a confined animal feeding operation. The wells were sampled four times per year, once each season (fall, winter, spring, and summer), from October 1993 through July 1995, for a total of eight sampling events (table 16, at the back of report).
52 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
110°52'30" 110°45'
T. 37 N.
T. 36 N.
T. 35 N.
T. 34 N.
T. 33 N.
_ T. 32 N.
T. 31 N.
T. 30 N.
T. 29 N.
R. 44 E. R. 45 E. R. 46 E. R. 119W.
Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000 quadrangles: Jackson, 1981; Palisades, 1986; Preston, 1983; and Soda Springs. 1982
Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 13
R. 118W. R. 117 W.
246 SMILES
0246 8 KILOMETERS
EXPLANATION
QUATERNARY ALLUVIUM
__ . . _ DRAINAGE BASIN BOUNDARY j
W1 * MONITOR WELL AND NUMBER
Figure 13. Location of wells used in the Star Valley monitoring study, Idaho and Wyoming.
GROUND-WATER MONITORING IN STAR VALLEY 53
A total of 84 ground-water samples were collected from the wells used in the Star Valley monitoring study (table 16). No water sample had a nitrate concentration greater than the MCL. The nitrate concentrations in the 10 wells had slightly different ranges during each season (table 10). The widest range was 3.6 mg/L as nitrogen (0.1 to 3.7) in the winter, and the narrowest range was 2.7 mg/L as nitrogen (0.2 to 2.9) in the spring. However, statistical analysis indicated there was no significant difference between the data collected in the different seasons. The data from the ground-water wells in the valley, as a whole, did not show a statistical correlation between the depth to the ground water and the nitrate concentration. Three of the 10 wells showed some relation between the depth to the ground water and the nitrate concentration; however, the differences in nitrate concen trations in the water samples over the sampling period were small, and are more likely because of sampling and analytical inaccuracies, than a true change in the water.
Table 10. Statistical summary of seasonal nitrite plus nitrate data from ground-water samples collected during the Star Valley monitoring study, 1993-95, Lincoln County, Wyoming
[Analytical results in milligrams per liter as nitrogen]
Season
Winter (early March)
Spring (mid May)
Summer (late July)
Fall (early October)
Minimum nitrite + nitrate concentration
0.1
.2
.3
.2
Maximum nitrite + nitrate concentration
3.7
2.9
3.2
3.5
Mean nitrite + nitrate concentration
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
Median nitrite + nitrate concentration
0.9
.9
1.0
1.2
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Surface-water, ground-water, and water-quality data were compiled to describe and evaluate trie water resources of Lincoln County, Wyoming. Streams in the county are classified as ephemeral/intermittent or perennial. Ephemeral/intermittent streams, which originate in the High Desert Region in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the county, are characterized by extended periods of no flow. Perennial streams, which originate in the Mountainous Region in the northern and central parts of the county, have sustained streamflow as a result of infiltration of precipitation, low evapotranspiration, and ground-water storage.
The average annual runoff varied for the two hydrologic regions that occur in Lincoln County. In the Mountainous Region, average annual runoff ranged from 1.05 to 40 inches per year. Although, no streamflow- gaging stations in the county were identified as receiving most of their flow from the High Desert Region, this type of stream does exist in the county. At a gaging station located 40 miles east of the county in the High Desert Region, the average annual runoff was 0.1 inch per year.
Geologic units were grouped mainly by age, and include deposits of Quaternary age, and rocks of Tertiary, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic age. Rocks of Precambrian age are not exposed at the surface in Lincoln County. Quaternary deposits had the most water development of any geologic unit in the county. The most productive alluvial and colluvial aquifers in the Overthrust Belt, with pumping wells discharging up to 2,000 gal/min, are located in the valleys of the Bear River and Salt River (Star Valley). Wells completed in and springs issuing
54 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
from other geologic units inventoried during this study with discharges greater than 500 gallons per minute included: the landslide deposits of Quaternary age, the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations, and Evanston Formation of Tertiary age, the Gannett Group of Cretaceous age, the Nugget Sandstone of Jurassic(?) and Triassic(?) age, the Wells Formation of Permian and Pennsylvanian age, the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age.
Ground-water movement is related to the location of recharge and discharge areas and to the thickness and permeability of the aquifer material. The ground-water connection between areas in the Overthrust Belt and the Green River Basin is restricted by folded and faulted rocks, which are a result of regional tectonic (or erogenic (mountain building)) activity that extended from the middle Mesozoic to the early Cenozoic time. Ground-water movement is difficult to define by aquifer within the Overthrust Belt because of the numerous faults and fractures. Aquifers of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age in the Overthrust Belt primarily receive recharge from direct infiltration of precipitation in outcrop areas. Most of the water discharged from major Paleozoic limestone and dolomite aquifers (including the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age, Darby Formation of Devonian age, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age) in the Overthrust Belt is through large springs. Water recharging these aquifers in one surface drainage basin may discharge in another drainage basin via interbasin transfers of ground water.
Total water use in Lincoln County in 1993 was estimated to be 405,000 million gallons. Surface water was the source for about 98 percent of the water used in the county; ground water only accounted for about 2 percent of the water used. Hydroelectric power generation and irrigation used the largest amount of water. Public supply and self-supplied domestic use accounted for 0.5 percent of the water used in Lincoln County. The sources of water for most public supplies in the county are wells and springs. An exception is the Kemmerer and Diamondville municipal system, which withdraws surface water from the Hams Fork River. Self-supplied domestic water is water withdrawn from a water source by a user rather than a public supplier. The source of water for self-supplied domestic water in the county is primarily ground water.
Discharge measurements and surface-water samples were collected from the Salt River and one tributary to the Salt River during a streamflow sampling event in Star Valley, July 18-23, 1994. During that time, the river had an overall gain of 340 cubic feet per second along the reach from the Salt River's entrance into Star Valley to the end of the valley where the river discharges into the Palisades Reservoir.
Dissolved-solids concentrations varied greatly for ground-water samples collected from 35 geologic units. Dissolved-solids concentrations in all water samples collected from the Laney Member of the Green River Formation of Tertiary age were greater than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 500 milligrams per liter established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. All ground-water samples collected from the Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations of Tertiary age, the Madison Limestone of Mississippian age, and the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age contained dissolved-solids concentrations less than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level.
Increased population growth in Star Valley and recent detections of nitrate concentrations above the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L as nitrogen, established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, prompted a study of the baseline water quality of the ground water. Ten domestic wells completed in the Salt River alluvium and colluvium were established as monitoring wells in 1993. A total of 84 ground-water samples were collected from the wells used in the Star Valley monitoring study. No water sample had a nitrate concentration greater than the maximum contaminant level. Statistical analysis indicated there was no significant difference between the water quality data collected in different seasons, and no correlation between the nitrate concentrations and the depth to ground water.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 55
REFERENCES
Ahern, J., Collentine, M., and Cooke, S., 1981, Occurrence and characteristics of ground water in the Green River Basin and Overthrust Belt, Wyoming: Laramie, Wyo., Water Resources Research Institute, University of Wyoming, 123 p.
Bear River Commission, Biennial Reports: Bountiful, Utah, Bear River Commission.
Benson, M.A., and Dalrymple, Tate, 1967, General field and office procedures for indirect discharge measurements: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chap. Al, 30 p.
Berry, Delmar W., 1955, Reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water resources of the Cokeville area, Lincoln County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report (not numbered), 11 p.
Blanchard, Mark R., 1990, Discrimination between flow-through and pulse-through components of an alpine carbonate aquifer, Salt River Range, Wyoming: Laramie, Wyo., University of Wyoming, Master's thesis, 77 p.
Clark, Gregory M., 1994, Assessment of selected constituents in surface water of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, water years 1975-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4229, 49 p.
Corsi, Elma W., 1990, The hills of home: Afton, Wyo., Afton Thrifty Print, 361 p.
DeLong, Lewis L., 1977, An analysis of salinity in streams of the Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 77-103, 32 p.
__ 1986, Water quality of streams and springs, Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4008, 36 p.
DeLong, L. L., and Wells, D. K., 1988, Estimating average dissolved-solids yield from basins drained by ephemeral and intermittent streams Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4222, 14 p.
Freethey, G.W., and Cordy, G.E., 1991, Geohydrology of Mesozoic rocks in the upper Colorado River Basin in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, excluding the San Juan Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1411-C, 117 p.
Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979, Groundwater: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, Inc., 604 p.
Hem, John D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.
Lane, Dana W., 1973, The Phosphoria and Goose Egg Formations in Wyoming: Laramie, Wyo., Wyoming Geological Survey Preliminary Report no. 12, p. 1-24.
Larson, L.R., 1985, Dissolved solids, m Lowham, H.W., and others, Hydrology of area 52, Rocky Mountain coal province, Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 83-761, p. 42-43.
Lickus, M.R., and Law, B.E., 1988, Structure contour map of the greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map, 1 sheet.
Lines, G.C., and Glass W.R., 1975, Water resources of the Thrust Belt of western Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-539, 3 sheets.
Lowham, H.W., 1985, Surface-water quantity, in Lowham, H.W., and others, Hydrology of area 52, Rocky Mountain coal province, Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 83-761, p. 32-39.
___ 1988, Streamflows in Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4045, 78 p.
Love, J.D., and Christiansen A.C., 1985, Geologic map of Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000, 3 sheets.
56 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Love, J.D., Christiansen A.C., and Ver Ploeg, A.J., 1993, Stratigraphic chart showing Phanerozoic nomenclature for the state of Wyoming: Laramie, Wyo., Geological Survey of Wyoming Map Series 41, 1 sheet.
Mariner, B. E., 1986, Wyoming climate atlas: Lincoln, Nebr., University of Nebraska Press, 432 p.
M'Gonigle, J.W., and Dover, J.H., 1992, Geologic map of the Kemmerer 30'x 60' Quadrangle, Lincoln, Uinta, andSweetwater Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series, Map 1-2079, 1 sheet.
Ogle, Kathy Muller, Eddy-Miller, C.A., and Busing, C.J.,1996, Estimated use of water in Lincoln County, Wyoming in 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4162, 11 p.
Oriel, S.S. and Platt, L.B., 1980, Geologic map of the Preston l°x 2° Quadrangle, southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series, Map 1-1127, 1 sheet.
Oriel S.S. and Tracey, J.I., Jr., 1970, Uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy of Fossil Basin, southwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 635, 53 p.
Peterson, David A., 1988, Streamflow characteristics of the Green, Bear, and Snake River Basins, Wyoming, through 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4022, 223 p.
Popkin, B.P, 1973, Ground-water resources of Hall and eastern Briscoe Counties, Texas: Texas Water Development Board Report 167, 85 p.
Rankl, James G., 1987, Average flow, in Peterson, D.A., and others, Hydrology of area 51, Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 84-734, p. 30-31.
Ringen, Bruce H., 1984, Relationship of suspended sediment to streamflow in the Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4026, 13 p.
Roehler, H. W, 1992, Introduction to greater Green River Basin geology, physiography, and history of investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1506-A, 12 p.
Schuetz, J.R., Ritz, G.F., Smalley, M.L., and Woodruff, R.E., 1995, Water resources data, Wyoming, Water Year 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WY-94-1, 363 p.
Searcy, J.K., 1959, Flow-duration curves: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1542-A, 33 p.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991, Secondary maximum contaminant levels (section 143.3 of part 143, National secondary drinking-water regulations): U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Parts 100 to 149, revised as of July 1, 1991, 759 p.
__ 1996, Drinking water regulations and health advisories, Washington D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA 822-R-96-001,
U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970, Part 10-The Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 660, 39 p.
Walker, E.H., 1965, Ground water in the upper Star Valley, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1809- C, 27 p.
Welder, George E., 1968, Ground-water reconnaissance of the Green River Basin, southwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-290, 3 sheets.
Wyoming Department of Administration and Fiscal Control, Research and Statistics Division, 1991, 1991 Wyoming data handbook: Cheyenne, Wyo., 265 p.
Wyoming Department of Agriculture, 1995, Generic state management plan for pesticides in ground water for the state of Wyoming: Cheyenne, Wyo., prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Ground-water and Pesticide Strategy Committee, variable pagination.
REFERENCES 57
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, 1993, Quality standards for groundwaters of Wyoming: Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Chap. VIII, 87 p.
Wyoming Historical Records Survey, 1941, Inventory of county archives of Wyoming, No. 12, Lincoln County (Kemmerer): 166 p.
Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1995, Ground water computer data base, September 1995: Cheyenne, Wyo., Wyoming State Engineer.
58 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
GLOSSARY
AQUIFER. A body of rock that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs.
ARTESIAN AQUIFER. Synonymous with confined aquifer.
ARTESIAN WELL. A well deriving its water from an artesian or confined aquifer in which the water level stands above the top of the aquifer.
COMMERCIAL WATER USE. Water for motels, hotels, restaurants, office buildings, and other commercial facilities, and institutions, both civilian and military. The water may be obtained from a public supply or may be self-supplied.
CONFINED AQUIFER. An aquifer bounded above and below by impermeable beds or by beds of distinctly lower perme ability than that of the aquifer itself; an aquifer containing confined ground water.
CONFINING BED. A body of impermeable or distinctly less permeable material stratigraphically adjacent to one or more aquifers.
CONSUMPTIVE USE. That part of water withdrawn that is evaporated, transpired, incorporated into products or crops, consumed by humans or livestock, or otherwise removed from the immediate water environment. Also referred to as water consumed and water depletion.
CONVEYANCE LOSS. Water that is lost in transit from a pipe, canal, conduit, or ditch by leakage or evaporation. Generally, the water is not available for further use; however, leakage from an irrigation ditch, for example, may percolate to a ground-water source and be available for further use.
DOMESTIC WATER USE. Water for household purposes, such as drinking, preparing food, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, flushing toilets, and watering lawns and gardens. Also called residential water use. The water may be obtained from a public supply or be self-supplied.
GROUND WATER, CONFINED. Confined ground water is under pressure greater than atmospheric throughout the material in which the confined water occurs.
GROUND WATER, UNCONFINED. Unconfined ground water is water in an aquifer that has a water table.
HYDROELECTRIC POWER WATER USE. Water used in the generation of electricity at plants where the turbine generators are driven by falling water. Hydroelectric water use is classified as an instream use.
INDUSTRIAL WATER USE. Water used for industrial purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing, and cooling, and includes such industries as steel, chemical and allied products, paper and allied products, mining, and petroleum refining. The water may be obtained from a public supply or may be self-supplied.
INSTREAM WATER USE. Water that is used, but not withdrawn from a ground- or surface-water source for purposes such as hydroelectric power generation, navigation, water quality improvement, fish propagation, and recreation. Sometimes called nonwithdrawal use or in-channel use.
IRRIGATION WATER USE. Artificial application of water on land to assist in the growing of crops and pastures or to maintain vegetative growth in recreational lands, such as parks and golf courses.
LIVESTOCK WATER USE. Water for livestock watering, feed lots, dairy operations, fish farming, and other on-farm needs.
MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL (MCL). Primary drinking water standard for public water supplies established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1996). MCLs are health related and legally enforceable.
MINING WATER USE. Water used for the extraction of minerals occurring naturally including solids, such as coal and ores; liquids, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. Also includes uses associated with quarrying, well operations (dewatering), milling (crushing, screening, washing, and floatation), and other preparations custom arily done at the mine site or as part of a mining activity.
GLOSSARY 59
OFFSTREAM USE. Water withdrawn or diverted from a ground- or surface-water source for public-water supply,industry, irrigation, livestock, thermoelectric power generation, and other uses. Sometimes called off-channel use or withdrawal use.
pH. A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water. It is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentra tion. This parameter is dimensionless and generally has a range from 0.0 to 14.0, with apH of 7.0 representing neutral water. A pH of greater than 7.0 indicates the water is alkaline, whereas a pH of less than 7.0 indicates an acidic water.
PUBLIC SUPPLY. Water withdrawn by public and private water suppliers and delivered to groups of users. Public suppliers provide water for a variety of purposes, such as domestic, commercial, thermoelectric power, industrial, and public water use.
RAIN SHADOW. A dry region on the lee side of a mountain or mountain range. A rain shadow occurs because much of the moisture in an air mass is removed in the form of precipitation on the windward side of the mountain, as the air mass moves up and over the mountain. Because the air is then drier, precipitation on the lee side is noticeably less.
REPORTING LIMIT. Minimum concentration of an analyte that can be reliably measured and reported by the laboratory using a given analytical method.
SECONDARY MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL (SMCL). Secondary drinking water standard for public water supplies established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1991). SMCLs primarily address aesthetic qual ities of drinking water, and are not legally enforceable.
SELF-SUPPLIED DOMESTIC WATER USE. Water withdrawn from a water source by a user rather than a public supplier.
SODIUM-ADSORPTION RATIO (SAR). A measure of irrigation-water sodium hazard. It is the ratio of sodium to calcium plus magnesium adjusted for valence. The SAR value of water is considered along with specific conductance in determining suitability for irrigation.
SPECIFIC CAPACITY. The rate of discharge of water from the well divided by the drawdown of the water level within the well.
SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE. A measure of water's ability to conduct an electrical current. Specific conductance is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter (uS/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius (25 °C). For water containing between 100 and 5,000 mg/L of dissolved solids, specific conductance in u,S/cm (at 25 °C) multiplied by a factor between 0.55 and 0.71 will approximate the dissolved-solids concentration in mg/L. For most water, reasonable estimates can be obtained by multiplying by 0.64.
THERMOELECTRIC POWER WATER USE. Water used in the process of the generation of thermoelectric power. The water may be obtained from a public supply or may be self supplied.
UNCONFINED AQUIFER. An aquifer that has a water table; an aquifer containing unconfined ground water.
WATER TABLE. The water table is that surface in an unconfined water body at which the pressure is atmospheric. It is defined by the levels at which water stands in wells that penetrate the water body just far enough to hold standing water. In wells penetrating to greater depths, the water level will stand above or below the water table if an upward or downward component of ground-water flow exists.
60 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 61
Table 11 . Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County, Wyoming
[Local number: See text describing well-numbering system in the section titled Ground-Water Data. For a detailed description of the geologic units, see table 12. Primary use of water: B, bottling; C, commercial; H, domestic; I, irrigation; N, industrial; P, public supply; S, livestock; U, unused; Altitude of land surface, in feet above sea level. Water level: E, estimated; F, flowing; G, nearby flowing; P, pumping; R, recently pumped; Rp, reported; Z, other; ft, feet. Discharge: gal/min, gallons per minute; E, estimated; Rp, reported by landowner or driller; Z, other; --, no data; NA, not applicable; NE, not established]
Station number Local numberDate
drilled
Depth of well
(feet below land surface)
Primary use of water
Altitude of land surface
(ft)
Water level(feet below
land surface)
Date measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium
410202110560201
414036110244701
414152110051001
414453110271601
414459110313601
414606110194601
414642110115201
414644111024101
414645110121101
414708110141201
414721110145701
414755110573201
415050110333401
415058110333801
415109110334101
415250110361301
415442110571801
415557110571502
415557110571701
415723110161501
415841110563701
415844110584801
420013110560901
420020110575601
420103110040401
420112110325401
420253110554601
420254110555801
420340110583301
420436110561901
24-119-28aaa01
20-115-33acb01
20-112-20cad01
20-115-06baa01
21-116-36dcd01
21-114-27dac01
21-113-23dcd01
21-120-21ccc01
21-113-23cdc01
21-113-21acc01
21-113-20aad01
21-119-08bc01
22-116-34aad01
22-116-34aab01
22-116-27ddb01
22-116-17dcd01
22-119-05cda01
1 23-119-32bda02
23-119-32bda03
23-113-20ccb01
23-119-16bbb01
l 23-UQ-\3aacQl
23-119-04bcc01
{ 23-U9-Q6adQ}
24-112-25dcd01
24-116-35acb01
24-119-21adb01
24-119-21acb01
24-119-18bdc01
24-119-09bd01
07-61
NA
06-15-48
-
04-18-76
-
1948
-
1991
09-22-87
09-15-89
1970
09-04-84
-
07-09-79
1989
02-58
07-57
-
NA
-
1954
-
NA
08-09-79
-
~
08-13-93
-
230
Spring
25"20
105
50
50
75
9
55
15
30
80
50
40
15
250
230
120
Spring
150
142
200
18
Spring
140
65
35
249
75
I
U
H
H
H
H
H
S
S
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
I
I
H
S
I
I
S
S
U
H
H
S
H
H
6,195
6,540
6,425
6,760
6,875
6,660
6,548
6,249
6,550
6,580
6,580
6,420
7,030
6,990
6,980
7,040
6,210
6,220
6,215
6,660
6,210
6,270
6,180
6,170
6,400
7,680
6,240
6,205
6,320
6,220
16
NA
15 E
5.1 R
30.8
OR
8.58
42.4 R
3.9
11.8P
5.2 R
18.0
45.8
12.7 R
6.3
5.7
39.2
30.3
19.0
NA
-
45.3
7.1 R
11.8
NA
30 E
17.7
19.9
154
50 Rp
04-07-62
NA
07-14-95
07-10-95
07-14-95
07-10-95
06-25-95
05-18-94
06-25-95
06-25-95
06-25-95
01-01-70
08-01-95
08-01-95
08-01-95
06-27-95
04-07-62
04-07-62
06-09-95
NA
-
08-19-55
06-09-95
07-15-55
NA
08-01-95
06-10-95
06-10-95
06-10-95
04-16-56
1,930
-
12
2.5
12
-
4
15
4.5
6
12
~
6
7
8
8
500
900
8
20 E
-
400
-
-
200 E
6E
-
-
-
-
04-07-62
-
07-14-95
07-10-95
07-14-95
-
06-25-95
05-18-94
06-25-95
06-25-95
06-25-95
-
08-01-95
08-01-95
08-01-95
06-27-95
04-07-62
04-07-62
06-09-95
05-25-66
--
12-31-54
-
--
10-18-77
08-01-95
-
-
--
-
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 63
Table 11. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local number
Depth of well
Date (feet below drilled land surface)
Primary use of water
Altitude of land surface
(ft)
Water level(feet below
land surface)
Date measured
Discharge
Date Gal/min measured
Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium-Continued
420525110401401
420552110223301
420558110133001
420905110111401
421115111012701
421154110095801
421155110100301
421245110113001
421247111024601
421252110113601
421259110102901
421301111023201
421433110193801
421500110122001
421630111015501
423238110533201
423610110544601
423620110554000
423710110544601
423714110544401
423714110545001
423748110551500
423756110571201
423838110551401
423949110552501
424006110591601
424043110580001
424128110585301
424132110575501
424133110574301
424139110585601
424215110585201
424216110585501
424423110570901
424520111014000
24-117-03dad01
24-114-06abb01
25-113-35ddd01
25-112-17bcb01
25-119-06bca01
26-112-33bba01
26-112-33bba02
26-112-30abc01
26-120-25cba01
26-112-19dcd01
26-112-20ddb01
26-120-25bda01
26-114-13ad01
23-113-0201
26-120-OlbbOl
30-118-33bcb01
30-118-08bbc01
30-119-12acOO
30-118-05bbb01
31-118-32ccc01
31-118-31ddd01
31-118-31ac01
31-119-35aad01
31-118-30acc01
31-118-19baa01
31-119-15cbd01
31-119-llcdcOl
31-119-10abc01
31-119-llbabOl
31-119-llabbOl
31-119-03cdd01
31-119-03abc01
31-119-03bad01
32-119-23dad01
32-119-05bb01
1920
1920
04-01-81
-
-
1961
1958
1991
-
-
11-30-73
-
NA
NA
1948
06-17-83
-
1970
04-15-89
10-18-85
11-18-86
1953
-
05-28-82
-
09-30-80
04-10-87
-
04-24-79
06-20-83
08-29-78
10-02-84
-
-
05-70
20
-
75
60
60
10
1
75
210
100
75
90
Spring
Spring
185
85
130
140
98
88
98
45
-
262
-
65
148
120
112
107
70
60
70
75
35
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
S
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
I
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
7,430
6,880
6,595
6,510
6,130
6,540
6,540
6,650
6,070
6,640
6,570
6,100
7,040
6,620
6,280
6,945
6,620
6,820
6,620
6,600
6,620
6,540
6,570
6,460
6,340
6,320
6,250
6,196
6,205
6,200
6,193
6,180
6,160
6,140
6,110
5.6
21. 8R
22.3 R
20R,E
37.9
8P,Rp
F,Rp
38.9
F
44.8 R
6Z
31. 5R
NA
NA
70.0 Rp
25.5 R
11.6R
40 Rp
52.4 R
35.2 R
57.2 R
10 Rp
39.6 P
221 R
136
32.0 R
57.8 R
50R,Rp
44. 1R
70.9 R
20.8 P
19.6 R
17.0 R
25.5 R
13.7
06-27-95
07-28-95
07-28-95
07-29-95
06-10-95
1961
08-20-76
07-27-95
06-09-95
07-27-95
08-20-76
06-09-95
NA
NA
09-21-71
10-07-93
07-29-92
09-21-71
07-28-92
08-03-94
07-28-92
08-61
07-29-92
08-04-94
07-28-92
07-29-92
07-28-92
08-23-89
07-28-92
08-03-94
07-27-92
07-27-92
10-06-93
10-08-93
09-10-71
1 1 06-27-95
12 07-28-95
8 07-28-95
7 E 07-29-95
--
2 08-20-76
5 E 08-20-76
8 07-27-95
-
4 07-27-95
5 08-12-89
-
-
75 E 05-27-58
-
8 10-07-93
-
-
-
15 08-03-94
..
-
-
9 08-04-94
--
..
-
-
-
9 08-03-94
252 1978
10 Z 1984
6 10-06-93
8 10-08-93
30 E 09-10-71
64 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Table 11. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local number
Depth of well Primary
Date (feet below use of drilled land surface) water
Altitude of land surface
(ft)
Water level(feet below
land Date surface) measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium-Continued
424521110594701
424542110555801
424613110201401
424640110555000
424740110572601
424756110594801
424806110594701
424851110572801
424910110574401
424926110595001
425053110563201
425107110533501
425110110590000
425127110592701
425135110592201
425200110591000
425228110585301
425324110575201
425327110580701
425438110555701
425527111010401
425540110581801
425555111013301
425617110582001
425622110570901
425638111002201
425650110584000
425759111003901
425843111023501
425855111020601
425857110591901
425857111021801
425903111022400
430046111004301
430057111003801
32-119-16dac01
32-119-13ada01
21-114-27caa01
33-118-32daOO
33-118-31ddc01
33-119-35dac01
33-119-35adc01
33-118-30dba01
33-118-30abc01
33-119-23dcd01
33-118-17acb01
33-118-llcccOl
33-119-12cd01
33-119-12cba02
33-119-12cba01
33-119-12bab01
33-119-OlaccOl
34-118-31bdd01
34-118-31bca01
34-118-21ccc01
34-119-22aba01
34-118-18ccb01
34-119-15cab01
34-119-13aaa01
34-118-07ddd01
34-119-llcacOl
34-119-12ac01
34-119-02bbb01
35-119-33bda01
35-119-33abb01
35-119-25ccd01
35-119-33aba01
35-119-28dccOO
35-119-15ddd01
35-119-14cbc01
09-30-80
08-21-81
06-14-58
11-07-69
-
12-13-72
1948
07-78
1946
-
10-01-83
1965
1947
-
09-67
05-26-89
-
-
-
-
12-83
-
02-22-83
05-28-67
-
1989
-
11-28-83
-
-
70
73
45
146
50
65
28
80
70
40
105
30
33
25
32
160
-
-
--
-
70
56
-
~
60
169
130
50
50
119
60
31
30
75
H
H
N
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
S
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
U
H
I
S
H
H
H
H
S
H
H
6,080
6,120
6,683
6,180
6,040
6,035
6,035
6,070
6,030
6,010
6,215
6,430
6,020
6,000
6,000
5,960
5,985
6,110
6,100
6,220
5,965
6,040
5,855
6,050
6,160
5,880
6,010
5,880
5,785
5,775
5,960
5,775
5,775
5,760
5,765
16.6 R
22.5 R
11 Rp
116Rp
15. 3 R
13.0 R
10R,E
21. 2R
22. 1R
7.7 R
11. 5R
58. IP
--
3.9 R
5.1 R
20 Rp
39.4 P
43.9 R
-
172 P
11.9P
19.2 R
17.6 R
27.4 R
120
8.6 R
-
-
17.9 P
12.0 R
95.3 R
14.4 R
17 Rp
25.8 P
31. 8R
08-04-94
07-27-92
06-14-58
11-07-69
10-06-93
08-04-94
08-04-94
07-25-92
07-25-92
07-29-92
07-27-92
07-27-92
-
08-06-94
10-06-93
09-67
07-26-92
07-28-92
-
07-27-92
07-27-92
07-27-92
08-05-94
07-28-92
08-05-94
10-07-93
-
-
08-06-94
10-08-93
07-25-92
08-05-94
11-22-54
07-27-92
11-20-93
9
-
85 Rp
-
9
9E
4
-
-
-
-
-
50
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
12
1,200E
-
8
12
10
11
-
6
10
08-04-94
-
06-14-58
-
10-06-93
08-04-94
08-04-94
-
-
-
-
-
-
08-06-94
10-06-93
-
-
-
-
-
-
10-05-93
08-05-94
-
-
10-07-93
09-10-71
-
08-06-94
10-08-93
10-07-93
08-05-94
-
10-05-93
11-20-93
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 65
Table 11. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local numberDate
drilled
Depth of well Primary
(feet below use ol land surface) water
Altitude / of land
surface (ft)
Water level(feet below
land Date surface) measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium-Continued
430331111013301
430356111013000
430441111003601
430444111003701
430527111011601
430621111012100
430626111014501
430924111021001
430951111010800
431030111020300
431041111011801
36-119-34cbd01
36-119-34bacOO
36-119-26bcc01
36-119-26bcb01
36-119-22caa01
36-119-15bddOO
36-119-15bcc01
37-118-31baa01
37-118-29cab01
37-118-19dcbOO
37-118-20cba01
-
1920
05-25-82
1978
10-01-87
1961
04-03-89
05-25-92
1969
1957
05-10-81
85
60
140
110
110
210
50
160
300
110
100
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
C
Quaternary Glacial
424913110441901
424919110444401
415620110462800
422402110462501
423319110395201
423330110395401
33-116-30bbb01
NE
23-118-26ddb01
28-117-19bcc01
NE
NE
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
Quaternary
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
U
U
5,715
5,725
5,860
5,860
5,762
5,740
5,670
5,645
5,660
5,620
5,655
Deposits
8,020
7,600
20.8 R
38
102
98.2 R
27.7 R
40 Rp
17.7 R
44.3 R
83 Rp
-
43.7 R
NA
NA
10-07-93
1965
10-16-94
08-05-94
07-26-92
08-17-71
10-04-93
09-12-93
1969
-
09-12-93
NA
NA
6
-
5E
6
-
12
12
13
30
-
-
5E
30
10-07-93
-
10-16-94
08-05-94
-
08-17-71
10-04-93
09-12-93
08-13-71
-
-
09-10-93
09-10-93
Landslide Deposits
S
S
U
Quaternary Terrace
414749110410101
414750110323001
414957110321501
415218110294501
415450110574501
415555110572001
420106110555401
420526110530801
420827110321301
421145111014801
423214110525101
21-117-15cad01
21-116-14aaa01
21-116-OlbbOl
22-115-20cba01
22-119-05ccc01
23-119-32bda01
24-119-33ac01
NE
25-115-20bca01
26-119-31cb01
30-118-33dbd01
07-29-82
NA
1931
NA
-
-
NA
08-50
1947
NA
55
Spring
21
Spring
28
35
22
Spring
5
59
Spring
H
H
B
H
H
H
S
H
H
S
8,040
7,440
8,660
8,550
Deposits
6,750
6,900
6,960
7,160
6,200
6,210
6,200
6,390
7,400
6,080
7,080
NA
NA
NA
NA
22.6 R
NA
14.0
NA
22.8
20.4
8.3
NA
F,Rp
16.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
06-23-95
NA
11-07-72
NA
04-16-56
04-16-56
08-22-55
NA
08-50
08-31-47
NA
22
2,000
25 E
5E
14
7.5 E
270
3.5E
-
-
-
20 E
20 Rp
-
5E
05-20-94
09-13-94
08-02-94
08-02-94
06-23-95
05-26-58
11-07-72
06-15-94
-
-
-
06-11-95
08-50
08-03-94
Tertiary Rocks
414007110172501
415210110303501
415730110160301
20-114-33ddb01
22-115-1901
23-113-20cbd01
02-27-81
NA
--
881
Spring
900
S
H
6,580
7,120
6,855
F
NA
F
07-31-95
NA
06-13-94
2
-
15
07-31-95
-
06-13-94
66 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Table 11. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local numberDate
drilled
Depth of well
(feet below land surface)
Primary use of water
Altitude of land surface
(ft)
Water level(feet below
land surface)
Date measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Salt Lake and Teewinot Formations
423958110591600
424828110533601
425430110582001
430544110595800
430550111011401
430921111003800
430519111005801
430528111010201
430543111010301
431224111014001
31-119-15ccOO
33-118-34aaa01
34-119-24ddc01
36-119-23abcOO
36-119-22abb01
37-118-33babOO
36-119-22dbd01
36-119-22dba01
36-119-22abd01
NE
1949
NA
NA
1967
12-11-77
NA
07-94
06-94
-
NA
70
Spring
Spring
126
220
Spring
3D9
105
-
Spring
H
S
N
H
H
P
H
H
H
S
6,350
6,980
6,020
6,010
5,762
5,850
5,840
5,835
5,880
6,500
-20 F
NA
NA
34 Rp
82.8 P
NA
101 R
48.6 R
78.7 R
NA
1949
NA
NA
08-17-71
07-25-92
NA08-06-94
08-06-94
07-26-92
NA
2E
5E
2,200
-
10Z
20
9
7
-
10E
1949
09-15-94
09-10-71
-
1977
08-16-71
08-06-94
08-06-94
-
08-10-93
Bridger Formation
414546110195401
414555110232701
21-114-34aba01
21-114-30dcd01
08-15-74
-
142
65
H
H
6,650
6,730
4.0
-1.12
06-25-95
06-26-95
13
6
06-25-95
06-26-95
Fowkes Formation
413625111023001
414343110560701
420310110535701
19-121-25aad01
20-120-12cad01
24-119-23bab01
NA
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
Spring
U
S
S
Laney Member of the Green
414517110240701
414625110192001
414708110140001
415210110082201
415250110044601
415436110180001
415445110111501
415651110045201
415858110111201
420430110191901
425553110071701
414311110253401
21-114-31cbb01
I 2l-ll4-26bcc0l
21-113-21adc01
22-112-20dac01
22-112-14ddc01
22-114-OlcdcOl
22-113-OlcdbOl
23-112-26abd01
23-113-12ccd01
1 24-112-08cbb01
23-112-33caa01
20-115-17ada01
11-24-84
-
10-01-86
11-08-58
1983
11-28-72
-
11-30-72
NA
08-14-65
09-16-69
Wilkins
NA
155
180
55
616
810
398
-
508
Spring
150
475
H
P
H
S
N
S
S
S
U
PS
6,520
6,760
6,305
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
125 E
2E
5E
07-07-72
06-20-95
05-18-94
River Formation
6,735
6,680
6,580
6,515
6,465
6,860
6,610
6,620
6,545
6,560
6,595
13.8
29.89.6'
F
F
F
185
F
159
NA
65.7 P
43.6
06-26-95
06-23-65
06-25-95
10-19-65
05-22-94
1983
5-21-94
05-21-94
05-21-94
NA
06-28-66
05-22-94
8
2E
20
2.5
1.0
-
-
-
-
15E
17
25 Rp
06-26-95
06-23-65
06-25-95
10-19-65
05-22-94
-
-
-
-
10-17-77
06-28-66
09-16-69
Peak Member of the Green River Formation
Spring S 6,740 NA
NA
NA
NA
6E
1 E
11-06-76
07-31-95
Angelo Member of the Green River Formation
415511110414101 22-117-04abc01 NA Spring S 7,530 NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2E
.1 E
IE
09-23-71
10-23-77
07-11-95
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 67
Table 11 . Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local numberDate
drilled
Depth of well Primary
(feet below use of land surface) water
Altitude of land surface
(ft)
Water level(feet below
land Date surface) measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation
413654110470701
413715110470701
413941110402201
414254110505001
414358110420501
414458110495301
414539110415601
414617110440901
414717110433001
415212110462201
415757110433301
415758110433301
413502110531101
413658110421701
413803110531701
413806110524601
413825110513101
414055110293601
414240110240501
414312110480501
414439110390501
414603110544701
414707110485901
414708110533901
414800110442001
414925110473001
414954110493701
19-118-20cba01
19-118-20bba01
19-117-05bcb01
20-119-15dad01
20-118-12acc01
21-118-32ddc01
21-117-33abd01
21-117-30adc01
21-117-20bdb01
22-118-23dac01
23-117-19aaa01
23-117-17ccc01
19-119-32dad01
19-118-24caa01
19-119-17aac01
19-119-16bac01
19-119-10cda01
20-116-26cdd01
20-115-15ccd01
20-118-18bac01
20-117-04bcd01
21-119-27dbc01
21-118-21acc01
21-119-23acc01
21-117-18ac01
21-118-02cc01
21-118-04bcb01
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
--
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
--
NA
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Wasatch
Spring
200
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
350
Spring
H
S
cS
S
S
S
S
H
P
S
S
7,075
6,960
7,160
7,510
6,920
7,280
6,920
6,850
6,800
7,520
7,660
7,535
NA
NA
NA
NA
F
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
05-22-95
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1 E
80 E
25 E
25 E
20
5E
25 E
10E
200 E
10E
14 -
20 E
25 E
06-23-95
11-06-76
06-23-95
06-12-95
05-22-95
06-13-95
06-21-95
06-13-95
06-13-95
06-13-95
06-16-93
07-11-95
07-11-95
Formation
S
H
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
uH
H
7,740
6,795
7,720
7,630
7,640
6,820
6,610
7,760
7,250
6,780
7,100
6,590
6,725
6,600
6,570
NA
NA
HORp
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-
NA
NA
NA
11-06-76
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-
NA
80
50 E
-
60 E
70 E
25 E
2E
1 E
.5E
.5E
1 E
5E
1 E
.5E
6
5E
15
-
9
06-09-72
06-22-95
-
06-07-72
11-06-76
06-22-95
06-22-95
06-22-95
11-06-76
07-30-95
07-31-95
06-12-95
06-12-95
06-24-95
06-21-95
06-24-95
09-22-77
-
06-16-93
68 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Table 11. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local number
Depth of well
Date (feet below drilled land surface)
Primary use of water
Altitude of land surface
(ft)
Water level(feet below
land surface)
Date measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Wasatch Formation Continued
415038110451001
415117110541301
415411110242301
415640110195001
415839110241901
415839110261901
420611110392801
420708110171101
420754110423701
420828110161501
420958110192701
421027110253201
421258110100401
421311110113601
421344110145601
421446110435701
421501110115001
421504110195501
421512110132601
421540110114101
421543110115601
421545110452001
421551110120701
421554110112901
425851110471201
22-118-25dda01
22-119-26cbc01
22-115-12adb01
23-114-27cbc01
23-115-13bbd01
23-115-15bad01
25-116-32ccb01
25-113-29dac01
25-117-23cdc01
25-113-21aba01
25-114-12daa01
25-114-06ddd01
26-112-21ccb01
26-112-19dab01
26-113-22aab01
26-117-16bbd01
26-112-07bcd01
26-114-12db01
26-113-llacOl
26-112-06acc01
26-112-06ca01
26-117-05ccc01
26-112-06bcd01
21-112-06acd01
23-118-llccdOl
08-14-77
NA
NA
-
NA
NA
NA
11-30-66
NA
03-27-91
NA
NA
05-50
10-30-68
11-01-76
NA
06-27
NA
1928
04-18-62
08-08-75
NA
06-15-73
08-01-66
NA
465
Spring
Spring
-
Spring
Spring
Spring
120
Spring
180
Spring
Spring
300
122
215
Spring
265
Spring
145
92
123
Spring
55
85
Spring
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
H
S
H
H
H
S
H
S
P
H
H
S
H
H
S
6,880
6,650
7,090
6,765
7,080
7,280
7,700
6,789
7,590
6,875
6,840
8,000
6,560
6,617
6,754
7,940
6,570
7,180
6,700
6,590
6,600
8,520
6,615
6,585
7,980
F
NA
NA
F
F
NA
NA
NA
64.7
NA
48.4
NA
NA
F
18 Rp
30 P,Rp
NA
20.5 R
NA
21.0
F,Rp
9P,Rp
NA
17.0 R
F,Rp
NA
10-20-77
NA
NA
08-11-65
06-13-94
NA
NA
NA
07-28-95
NA
07-28-95
NA
NA
08-20-76
10-30-68
11-01-76
NA
08-20-76
NA
06-16-66
08-20-76
08-08-75
NA
08-20-76
08-01-66
NA
.IE
1 E
15E
8
1
1 E
5E
15E
-
.1 E
-
25 E
1 E
-
11 Rp
16 Rp
15E
25 Rp
-
20 E
10 Rp
10 Rp
4
10 Rp
30 Z
40 E
10-20-77
06-21-95
06-15-94
08-11-65
06-13-94
06-14-94
06-14-94
08-01-95
-
08-01-95
-
07-29-95
07-29-95
-
10-30-68
11-01-76
07-11-95
08-20-76
-
06-16-66
08-20-76
08-08-75
09-14-94
08-20-76
08-01-66
05-20-94
Evanston Formation
414758110474701
414811110405201
415415110373001
415515110373001
21-118-15dba01
21-117-15acb01
22-116-0701
22-116-06ab01
NA
07-31-85
NA
NA
Spring
264
Spring
Spring
S
H
I
6,780
6,735
7,140
7,250
NA
51.1
NA
NA
NA
06-23-95
NA
NA
25 E
.5E
-
1 ,000 E
06-13-95
06-23-95
-
09-30-71
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 69
Table 11. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number
414739110363001
414758110365001
414808110361401
414832110364801
414832110372401
414845110363201
Local number
21-116-17cd01
21-116-17cbb01
21-116-17ac01
21-116-08cc01
21-116-07dc01
21-116-08ca01
Depth Alti of well Primary of
Date (feet below use of sur drilled land surface) water (
06-19-75
04-29-76
05-05-76
08-23-75
08-23-75
05-01-76
tude land face ft)
Adaville Formation
980 U 7,250
1,080 U 7,095
486
1,200
800
320
U
U
U
U
7,205
6,
7,
7,
985
020
120
Water level(feet below
land surface)
160G,Rp
40 G,Rp
75 G,Rp
F,Rp
52 G,Rp
12G,Rp
Date measured
06-19-75
04-29-76
05-05-76
08-23-75
08-23-75
05-01-76
Discharge
Gal/min
-
-
20
-
-
Rp
Date measured
-
-
08-23-75
-
-
Blind Bull Formation
425840110383200
413758110342000
415315110333001
415509110355501
415631110325701
35-116-36500
19-116-18bd01
22-116-15add01
22-116-05ada01
23-116-26cad01
NA
11-65
NA
NA
NA
Spring
100
Spring
Spring
Spring
U
Milliard Shale
H
S
S
S
8,
6,
7,
500
640
130
7,400
7,240
NA
80
NA
NA
NA
NA
11-65
NA
NA
NA
25 E
-
5
4
9
E
E
07-12-72
-
06-16-94
10-20-77
08-02-95
Frontier Formation
414053110314501
414440110030001
415541110363001
415944110305301
20-116-28dcc01
20-112-0301
23-116-32cab01
23-115-06ccd01
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
U
S
S
7,
6,
7,
7,
040
440
680
490
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-
1.
5
2
3E
5E
E
E
11-05-76
-
10-20-77
06-16-94
06-16-94
Sage Junction Formation
413819110565501
413450110332201
414406110304801
415427110294701
420023110285401
421541110313801
430635110503401
430806110515401
430816110520501
430846110524200
431158110520801
431252110500800
431300110483300
19-120-lldcdOl
19-116-32ca01
20-116-10bda01
22-115-08bba01
24-115-32cbd01
26-115-07bba01
36-117-18dc01
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NA
-
06-22-83
-
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spring
-
100
-
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
S
Aspen Shale
S
H
S
S
S
pU
U
cU
c
c
7,
6,
340
560
6,960
7,
7,
8,
6,
6,
6,
5,
5,
340
520
260
300
240
090
980
960
6,240
5, 820
NA
F
60.0 P
F
F
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-
06-26-95
10-05-72
06-14-94
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
12
30
1
1
2.
3
20
5
5
15
5
25
10
8
2
2E
E
E
5E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
05-20-95
09-11-64
06-26-95
10-05-72
06-14-94
10-20-77
06-16-94
07-13-95
09-14-71
09-19-93
09-09-93
09-08-71
08-03-93
08-13-71
09-09-93
08-13-71
09-08-93
70 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Table 11. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local number
Depth of well
Date (feet below drilled land surface)
Altitude Water levelPrimary of land (feet below use of surface land Date water (ft) surface) measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Bear River Formation
414712110275001
415243110281701
420928110283201
425435110433001
425830110460001
430345110510601
430430110503501
21-115-21add01
22-115-21baa01
25-115-14bac01
34-116-19d01
35-117-35a01
36-1 17-3 IbcdOl
36-117-30dbb01
1972
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
S
S
u
H
P
U
P
6,910
7,340
7,770
6,820
6,720
6,395
6,600
F
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
06-17-94
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.2E
IE
15 E
4E
15E
8E
5E
3
5E
06-17-94
06-15-94
08-14-72
10-18-77
09-14-71
08-24-71
09-14-71
08-11-93
08-24-71
Thomas Fork Formation
413819110580101
413902111001401
19-120-10ddc01
19-120-08aab01
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
S
S
7,260
6,830
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5E
,2E
05-20-95
05-20-95
Gannett Group
413510111010401
413551110593201
414321110582801
415230110270701
415635110282801
415645110281701
420533110533501
421558110571301
421642110431901
422036110572800
423340110544000
423348110523000
431306110472400
19-1 20-3 2cbb01
19-120-28cda01
20-120-15bad01
22-115-22bda01
23-115-29dbb01
23-115-29acd01
24-119-28bdb01
26-119-02ccb01
27-117-34cdc01
27-119-10dabOO
30-118-29bb01
30-118-35acOl
NE
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
S
S
S
S
S
S
PS
S
u
Iuc
6,760
7,140
6,620
7,340
7,330
7,170
6,390
7,670
8,820
7,320
7,000
7,240
6,060
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.25
.25E
IE
3
10E
121
30 E
700 Rp
.5E
10E
20 E
100 E
50 E
10
1.5
05-21-95
05-21-95
06-20-95
05-22-94
06-14-94
10-17-77
06-14-94
09-17-71
07-24-94
07-11-95
09-16-71
09-14-71
07-09-72
08-13-71
09-09-93
Stump Formation
425552110425801 34-116-17bdb01 NA Spring P 6,600 NA NA 10E 09-09-93
Preuss Sandstone or Preuss Redbeds
422333110575500
422802110575901
422828110581200
28-119-27badOO
29-119-26cac01
29-119-26bbc01
NA
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
Spring
S
S
S
6,470
6,620
6,760
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
20 E
1
.1 E
50 E
2E
09-15-71
09-17-94
07-24-94
09-15-71
09-15-94
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 71
Table 11 . Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local numberDate
drilled
Depth of well
(feet below land surface)
Primary use of water
Altitude of land surface
(ft)
Water level(feet below
land surface)
Date measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Twin Creek Limestone
414708110533101
420906110582301
421557110263201
422409110323701
424730110550000
21-119-23acd01
NE
26-115-OlcbcOl
28-116-24ada01
32-118-06aa01
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
S
H
S
S
P
6,640
6,200
8,300
8,020
6,660
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
15E
25 E
30 E
2E
20 E
06-24-95
06-10-95
07-13-95
08-07-94
09-10-71
Nugget Sandstone
414721110503401
415540110511300
415616110512001
415704111003701
420120110250301
420429110504301
420430110505701
421211110261901
421313110255001
421405110275601
421429110263501
422821110395800
423632110394401
423645110395401
423654110393901
424356110394201
424647110550501
430602110423501
430713110425401
21-118-20bbd01
23-118-31dcaOO
23-118-30dcc01
23-120-26ab01
24-115-35abc01
24-118-08cba01
24-118-07daa01
26-115-26adc01
26-115-24dcd01
26-115-15cdb01
26-115-13bcc01
29-116-28bcbOO
NE
NE
NE
NE
32-118-07aba01
NE'NE
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
--
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
230
Spring
Spring
S
S
S
H
S
S
S
U
S
S
S
U
U
U
U
U
H
S
S
7,360
7,450
7,380
6,450
7,380
6,800
6,770
8,450
8,100
8,060
8,360
8,900
8,000
7,890
7,880
7,640
6,280
6,840
6,900
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
52.1 R
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
08-07-94
NA
NA
NA
5E
5
42
--
1 E
2E
5E
10E
2E
5E
5E
20 E
IE
75 E
10E
1,400E
100 E
8E
15E
140 E
8
12
200 E
150 E
06-21-95
06-17-93
06-17-93
-
06-16-94
06-11-95
06-11-95
10-18-77
07-13-95
07-29-95
10-18-77
07-13-95
07-13-95
10-15-71
08-07-94
07-07-72
09-14-71
08-02-94
09-10-93
07-15-72
08-07-94
08-12-93
09-14-71
08-12-93
Thaynes Limestone
415242110502001
415304110501601
420837110490801
420958110242401
423116110420901
22-118-17dcc01
22-118-17dbb01
25-118-23aba01
25-114-08daa01
29-116-07bbb01
1966
NA
NA
NA
NA
600
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
U
H
S
S
H
6,720
6,760
7,710
7,420
8,605
F
F
NA
NA
NA
NA
09-22-71
06-16-93
NA
NA
NA
NA
150
12
45
20 E
1 E
10E
06-07-65
06-16-93
06-16-93
06-24-95
07-29-95
08-04-93
72 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
Table 11. Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number
423435110440501
424955110595500
425003110595001
420408110493601
420415110494401
424946110594001
422327110361901
423126110420401
Local number
NE
33-119-23ac01
33-119-23abd01
24-118-09ccc01
24-118-08dda01
33-119-23daa01
28-116-28aac01
29-116-06cca01
Date drilled
NA
NA
11-08-71
NA
NA
01-20-87
NA
NA
Depth Altitude of well Primary of land
(feet below use of surface land surface) water (ft)
Thaynes Limestone-Continued
Spring U 9,020
Spring R 6,080
195 H 6,140
Woodside Shale
Spring H 7,040
Spring S 7,000
H 6,015
Dinwoody Formation
Spring S 8,920
Spring U 8,595
Water level(feet below
land surface)
NA
NA
86.7 R
NA
NA
4.5 R
NA
NA
Date measured
NA
NA
07-26-92
NA
NA
07-26-92
NA
NA
Discharge
Gal/min
300 E
38E
--
2E
10E
~
5E
50 E
Date measured
08-04-93
08-20-71
-
06-11-95
06-11-95
-
09-16-94
08-05-93
Phosphoria Formation and related rocks2
415150110495501
415230110494801
430800110412700
431158110562500
414950111013001
421443110470400
423155110421501
423230110421501
425132110380301
421543110195501
421702110201501
423148110411601
424440110505001
425040110513000
22-118-29aab01
22-118-20ad01
NE
NE
21-120-10da01
26-117.5-13badOO
NE
NE
33-116-12b01
26-114-OldccOl
26-114-OlbacOl
29-116-06add01
NE
33-118-l3acc01
-
NA
NA
NA
1971
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
530 U 6,660
Spring I 6,800
Tensleep Sandstone
Spring U 8,600
Spring C 6,280
Wells Formation
191 N 6,245
Spring S 8,000
S
Spring U 9,000
Spring U 8,320
Spring U 7,600
Madison Limestone
Spring S 7,360
Spring I 7,420
I
Spring U 8,620
Spring P 7,360
Spring P 6,880
F
NA
NA
NA
NA
42.0 Rp
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
06-11-65
NA
NA
NA
NA
09-23-71
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
200 E
300
175 E
200 E
7
300
1 ,600 E
1,100
200 E
2,200
1,800E
1,500E
15 E
4,000 E
5,500
50 E3 10E
3 15,OOOE
150 E
06-11-65
09-22-71
07-10-72
09-08-71
09-08-93
09-23-71
09-17-71
09-13-94
08-25-71
09-14-71
08-04-93
07-13-72
08-17-76
09-65
11-18-76
08-05-93
10-04-93
10-04-93
09-10-71
430838110582200 37-118-34dcdOO
425951110562201 NE
NA Spring 6,000 NA NA
Darby Formation
NA Spring U 7,360 NA NA
15 09-08-71
15 E 09-15-94
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 73
Table 11 . Records of selected wells and springs in Lincoln County-Continued
Station number Local numberDate
drilled
Depth of well
(feet below land surface)
Primary use of water
Altitude Water level
of land (feet below surface land
(ft) surface)Date
measured
Discharge
Gal/minDate
measured
Bighorn Dolomite
421504110183101
421509110185301
421612110182301
425420110522001
430157110580500
431200111014500
26-113-07c01
26-113-07bda01
26-113-06ada01
34-118-26aad01
NE
37-118-18aabOO
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
H
S
S
P
I
C
7,700
7,440
7,620
6,700
6,420
5,940
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3E
5E
10E
2
3,200Rp
450 E
250 E
200 Rp
10-18-77
10-18-77
07-27-95
07-12-95
09-10-71
08-17-71
08-13-71
08-12-93
'Additional water-level data can be found in the USGS data base or published reports.2In Wyoming, the Phosphoria Formation is synonymous with the Park City Formation (Lane, 1973, p. 4).3Station 424440110505001 is the Periodic Spring. The flow fluctuated between the two discharges every 18 minutes during the visit.
74 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
lions of years
'ecflsyeS o oc
e
| 3W>oo(T)
c_£;
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SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 75
Tabl
e 12
. Li
thol
ogic
and
wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
ristic
s of
geo
logi
c un
its in
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
1 m 33 m
Era
them
Sy
stem
CO O c
Cen
ozoi
c Te
rtiar
y3)
O m (0 O
n
Seri
es
Plio
cene
and
Mio
cene
Geo
logi
c un
it
Intru
sive
and
extru
sive
ig
neou
s ro
cks
Ran
ge o
fth
ickn
ess
(ft)
Lith
olog
y
"Com
posi
tion
rang
es f
rom
hor
nble
nde
mon
zoni
te to
bas
alt."
6
Expo
sure
is c
onfin
ed to
sm
all o
utcr
ops
in th
eno
rther
n pa
rt of
Lin
coln
Cou
nty.
Wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
rist
ics
"No
grou
nd w
ater
pos
sibi
litie
s."2
Igne
ous
rock
s ge
nera
lly h
ave
little
prim
ary
perm
eabi
lity,
but
frac
ture
s m
ay c
onta
inw
ater
.
Ran
ge o
f m
ost
com
mon
wat
er y
ield
s(g
al/m
in)
_
z
Cen
ozoi
c Te
rtiar
y O o I- o o c Z
Cen
ozoi
c T
ertia
ry
Cen
ozoi
c T
ertia
ry
Plio
cene
and
M
ioce
ne
Mio
cene
Eoc
ene
Cen
ozoi
c T
ertia
ryPl
ioce
ne (
?)
and
Eoc
ene
Salt
Lak
e Fo
rmat
ion
3<10
00
Tee
win
ot
Form
atio
n
Bri
dger
Fo
rmat
ion
'0-2
,300
Fow
kes
Form
atio
n'0
-2,6
00
"Whi
te,
gray
, an
d gr
een
limy
tuff
, si
ltsto
ne,
sand
ston
e, a
nd c
ongl
omer
ate.
"6
"Pal
e-re
ddis
h gr
ay c
ongl
omer
ate,
gri
t, sa
ndst
one,
silt
ston
e, c
lay,
and
whi
te v
olca
nic
ash.
The
for
mat
ion
is m
ost
exte
nsiv
e in
the
St
ar V
alle
y, w
here
it h
as a
max
imum
thic
knes
s of
abo
ut 1
,000
ft."
3
"Whi
te l
acus
trin
e cl
ay,
tuff
and
lim
esto
ne.
In
thru
st b
elt
incl
udes
con
glom
erat
e."6
"Mud
ston
e, s
andy
, tu
ffac
eous
, gr
ay t
o gr
een,
lo
cally
ban
ded
with
pin
k; m
ediu
m g
rain
ed,
tuff
aceo
us,
mud
dy,
brow
nish
-gra
y sa
ndst
one;
an
d th
in b
edde
d lim
esto
ne a
nd
mar
lsto
ne...
Con
tain
s fe
wer
red
bed
s an
d m
uch
mor
e vo
lcan
ic a
sh t
han
Was
atch
For
mat
ion;
ba
se in
terf
mge
rs w
ith L
aney
Mem
ber
and
gene
rally
is
poor
ly d
efin
ed.
Pres
ent i
n m
uch
of
sout
hern
hal
f of
(G
reen
Riv
er)
basi
n.'
"Lig
ht-c
olor
ed t
uffa
ceou
s sa
ndst
one
and
silts
tone
, lo
cally
con
glom
erat
ic.
Loc
ally
de
sign
ated
by
som
e as
Nor
woo
d T
uff.
"
The
Fow
kes
Form
atio
n is
sub
divi
ded
into
the
fo
llow
ing
units
, in
asc
endi
ng o
rder
: T
he
Sille
m M
embe
r (1
00 to
400
ft t
hick
); t
he
Bul
ldog
Hol
low
Mem
ber
(200
to 2
,000
ft
thic
k);
and
the
Goo
sebe
rry
Mem
ber
(mor
e th
an 2
00 f
t th
ick)
.3
The
ava
ilabi
lity
of w
ater
fro
m t
his
type
of
aqui
fer
is l
imite
d be
caus
e th
e co
nglo
mer
ates
are
usu
ally
wel
l ind
urat
ed,
poor
ly s
orte
d, a
nd h
ave
little
pri
mar
y pe
rmea
bilit
y. S
prin
gs i
ssue
fro
m t
he
cong
lom
erat
es o
n si
de h
ills,
but
thei
r fl
ows
rare
ly e
xcee
d 20
gal
/min
.3
"Poo
rly
cons
olid
ated
con
glom
erat
es a
re
wel
l dr
aine
d. Y
ield
s ge
nera
lly r
ange
fro
m
10 to
120
gal
/min
."1
"A m
ajor
aqu
ifer
in t
he s
outh
ern
Gre
en
Riv
er B
asin
-Ove
rthr
ust
area
. Y
ield
s fr
om
spri
ngs
com
mon
ly r
ange
fro
m 2
to 1
00
gal/m
in."
1
Gen
eral
ly,
grou
nd-w
ater
pos
sibi
litie
s fr
om
the
Bri
dger
For
mat
ion
are
limite
d in
the
G
reen
Riv
er B
asin
. Sa
ndst
ones
loc
ally
m
ight
con
tain
goo
d w
ater
whe
re o
verl
ain
by a
lluvi
al o
r gr
avel
dep
osits
.2
"Loc
ally
yie
lds
wat
er to
wel
ls a
nd s
prin
gs
in O
vert
hrus
t B
elt."
1
"Tuf
face
ous
sand
ston
e in
the
Fow
kes
is
prob
ably
cap
able
of y
ield
ing
smal
l qu
antit
ies
of w
ater
to w
ells
."3
3<20 10-1
20
2-10
0
TDQ)S.C
C0O
2>c£§,t.{£csoOco.g-J.c*G
§ .0Q\
"o
a'o175s= &02 TO co
c 3 92^(5
1TDC
05)o"o
;£
^J
CJ
0).Q
VI
°~ %1?a w p 'c/pO) O = ^ <£ E | oj ra
o n ^
VIow't-0)orat-reoO)c'o0)'>
<5
i
>O)oo£'3
«*- V)o v>o 2 ^? * £i .a
CC. £
'E3O
o00)O
V)0)
0)0)
E0)ww"
E0)
2LLJ
m'j
CO r-W) TD _>,--
'cl 2 ra §0 U " g ^
13 c S -S 'c PS <U ^ c3
^ fc c3 o u u ^ ' ' o *"1 "ji*r*^ bJQ *J ^ G <
JO ^ 0 "3 304j- ' i jO <£3 bO £> <s>
" ' Q 'J^ '3 ( ..J* ^
(U o ^ o2 fr> cx '<^ ^ o ^§2 |- « 3 0 ?, ' "_ ,2 c« O "<u °>L :: res " jo -a x; c r* > u « U o o > >« 7 c ^ c « « ^ 13 "2 2 ° '« £2 TD 2 > ctoc/3-xxJ cfe ? 3 -a -a § ^ «CTD P S 13 bh
00 <U C rfe W '-- <U -s bo <a O oo >,JD J3
>,o 13
-4 * fj
1 ^*JJ to
t S 'C^^ D
" raI ^tn J^ « O
" CrJ<tt O U
3 w T3- "a H
S ^ O"^ *O O
(U r.'o -| "3u" "-1 "ClC "0 TD
i 8 ra"C .2 >S "" 2 i 6 X3
O
0 ^°- ^Di < O^
§ 0 0 >n CN
^H CN 04
1)^ c
c 2 >.-2§§ s 1n r? i ^>
Uc(Uoo U
-^
u-
' g
£o'oN Oc(UU
om
(N
<_,
.5?S 0o -co _^^ lt-1^? o
'*J C31 '^ ^
C^J tJO
^ om
"Ground-wate yield less than locally..."2
jj-r ^ _p *~ * _^ oflT '"^ Dc So c £i"tn O '"^
S M j|" y u"2 « ^1/3 G r-|
r^3 « "^
g g 0
4__t £/)
^ 'O r^rt ^
"o « 13aT "° uC e CO - "e tn 2 fc
"fe ^° C
S G "^i <e to
8i <
0 0
CN V
u- -^U - u> C^ ^
X? ° I-OS 'S on ajS-, ea G jD
1 s ^ 6J^ >-i r73 uO [£ ^ S
ugoo U
.-!_
2
E§r"
o'oN O
(UU
1
o
w?
^
.2T3
c3
T3
P-,
o. i. .r-*(U
One spring in\
1 gal/min.
MG' ^
D *O-G CcS rt(D .. r
^ 13B «iS w ^ 3>-> U
*G ^|-ae o
^t 2d^ ^
JO jz
2 S>> 6^.2 *~^
5f » §"§Q U 2
J ^ ^3 '35 '55
o8 V
U^ G
2 -S o a3r- ea JZ jD
1^|§
CD £ <i S
u(Uoo U
>^u-.2SH
o'oN Oc(UU
1
0
u 'p
3 S
^ t>C " Cwo 'SoO C*
Wi
S «p * <« CT3
^H oM ^R
S "« S « = g *- -5
wa (U 3 bfl X3 rtc g MU^8C^2 ^, CN
-^ >>(U J3 (UG > O qj .^^ 'ca C^ r-; CT3c ^ (D ?i rs "^ 13 13^ « "S -S^
^ | g "S d§ t/5 o ^ S -- c3 >~i 5
§ 2 § S 1^ . -e | "C^ « (_) j J-JJ"l Q . ^~^^ p*
| *-* QJ 'O "^
£ .§ cS § -Si.2? ^ .S c -S
WD 3 £ *£ ^
o 8 ^ - § ^ ^ 5 -^ cac -^ o .S fcr1 o JD -s 3
men6CS
fe -a^ C3 *" *
2 -3 CQ a3 c 2 J=>g g'g io £ £ S
U
(Uo£
..^i_.2UH
o'oN Oc(UU
c4= O £ '-3ca 2
o ^ E10 >- ^t
Scl 2 ° TD
S u .S c
"O « ^ C M
c3 Q ^Q 3 gjc/5 * ' ^> ' r^
c* S5 2^ i- ^~"2 ^ § 2 | O (u § "O >j
'"i 3 ^
1/5 c± "o.y ' rt hn 5 ^
"Conglomerati conglomerates of yielding lar] wells... Small i water are avail
(U *"O
C3 H^ ,O C3 cato ^-^|-n -E > o "c"u 2 " 2
S>sjl'C ^ ca^ 'UJ O
^ J § 1^^ 3 ^O O -* O * * C^3 ^ """" r^
^ b^ -T-, £- ^H o S ^ c3^ to S
3 "c g 13 |so co to O "gjj
> "2 «"2 gi C3 "0 C3 0
O O>n ocs ^^ ool/"~) ^ CS
1 1 1 --"" $- £
T3 u- ^ <Up d> c/T t ^ 3cd ^ C3 )/^ bJQ
J= 2 -2 «; §O 'tj <L> r^
i^ C 1^ rP C rr*
OC 0Uo
^u-
.sfeH
o'osi o(UU
g -2 ^ u -~u u £5 CQ
r« °" C3 (U
J^ .ig c3 o 0^ c/5
*^ ' ' Oi ^ ^
2 -^_c -a Hc3 ' « ^ ^ D t~1 *r^ y
^ -^ *-* UJ
^ " -G 'o
.1 -J g | £
ills I2 3-2 2 2-s e s ^ .2, -Its 5on U- TD on ^
aS -«
(Dfl\" i_
*O - O
£i ? "o^oc3 c/5 O ^
S ~ jg U
i c -SP 2
£ 1 51-D X3 2 Sji, ^ I/) __.
«|||
2 r^ D OC -^ "4~*
^ ' ; ^ ^
^ TD 3 J3^j ^ O E> (U
2 g g g§ ^ 2 ^H S3 ^ fcO E '35 3
(U_> -^
11S tu
it- UO i ^ O ^
I 1 s>l g^ -a c c § u'o S £ f2 ^ r"o
1
(U '*-
P a3 -aM u U - ..c u £, _c
^ tuo ^ ,«o .S cd "J3
C_^ O i ^ bo
c3 ^^
2 « g S> 'Tj O O
> ^
O . - -*-^ .-^u jrj > E
"A good sourc than one aquifi sandstones flo^ wells range frc
T3 J-j C^
hA ' " L !>->fli »>~> ^v " '
"" 2 C "c3c3 bO 'J3 ^^ i w- 1 i>. 0 M jjii g" 6 ' §c §,=3 |bO - p P-^ ^ _ bO
S -^ ^ boO D ^^ G
S-* » ' " r, " «
__
^ O.'S 2
r fli _o -^C W) . (L>
2 | 3 g>> O O to
fj T3 § Ci 22 ^ S
0
CO
o
1 ^,C u*
c3 P G co p .S3ca g ca
U
goo
uT.2SH
o'oN Oc U
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 77
5j
Tab
le 1
2.
Lith
olog
ic a
nd w
ater
-yie
ldin
g ch
arac
teri
stic
s of
geo
logi
c un
its in
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
1 H m 3J m
Erat
hem
Sy
stem
O c
Cen
ozoi
c Te
rtiar
y3)
O m
w O T
l z
Cen
ozoi
c T
ertia
ryO
O Z 0 O C
Z -<
C
enoz
oic
Ter
tiary
Ran
ge o
fth
ickn
ess
Ser
ies
Geo
logi
c un
it (f
t)
Eoc
ene
Was
atch
5<
j QQ
QFo
rmat
ion-
diam
ictit
e an
dsa
ndst
one
Eoc
ene
and
Was
atch
5<
| ^Q
QPa
l eoc
ene
Form
atio
n-L
a B
arge
and
Cha
ppo
Mem
bers
Eoc
ene
and
Con
glom
erat
e 5<
600
Pale
ocen
e of
Sub
lette
Lith
olog
y W
ater
-yie
ldin
g ch
arac
teri
stic
s
"Dia
mic
tite
grad
es la
tera
lly in
to m
embe
rs o
f U
nkno
wn
the
form
atio
n."6
"Uns
orte
d bo
ulde
rs a
nd b
lock
s in
mud
ston
em
atri
x."5
La
Bar
ge M
embe
r co
nsis
ts o
f re
d an
d br
own
Unk
now
nm
udst
one
and
cong
lom
erat
e, y
ello
w s
ands
tone
and
piso
litic
lim
esto
ne.5
Cha
ppo
Mem
ber
cons
ists
of
red
to g
ray
cong
lom
erat
e an
d sa
ndst
one.
5
"Bou
lder
- to
peb
ble-
size
d gr
avel
, sa
nd,
and
Unk
now
nsi
lt, c
rude
ly s
trat
ifie
d."5
Ran
ge o
fm
ost
com
mon
wat
er y
ield
s(g
al/m
in)
_ _ -
Cen
ozoi
c T
ertia
ry a
nd
and
Cre
tace
ous
Mes
ozoi
c
Mes
ozoi
c C
reta
ceou
s
Ran
ge
Pale
ocen
e an
d E
vans
ton
Upp
er
Form
atio
n C
reta
ceou
s
'1,3
50-2
,900
5<
800
"Low
er m
embe
r of
mud
ston
e, s
iltst
one,
"T
he E
vans
ton
Form
atio
n in
clud
es 1
,300
cl
ayst
one,
and
car
bona
ceou
s sa
ndst
one;
to
2,9
00 f
eet
of w
ell-
sort
ed c
ongl
omer
ates
m
iddl
e m
embe
r of
con
glom
erat
e in
a m
atri
x of
an
d co
nglo
mer
atic
san
dsto
nes
that
arc
co
arse
san
d; u
pper
mem
ber
cons
ists
of
capa
ble
of m
oder
ate
to l
arge
wel
l yi
elds
."1
carb
onac
eous
san
dy t
o cl
ayey
silt
ston
e in
terb
edde
d w
ith s
ands
tone
and
co
nglo
mer
ate.
"
Upp
er
Cre
tace
ous
Ada
ville
Fo
rmat
ion
'1,4
00-5
,000
5<
2,10
0
Mes
ozoi
c C
reta
ceou
s
Mes
ozoi
c C
reta
ceou
s
Upp
er
Cre
tace
ous
Upp
er
Cre
tace
ous
Blin
d B
ull
Form
atio
n<9
,200
"Bro
wn
and
buff
fin
e- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
calc
areo
us s
ands
tone
, gr
ay c
arbo
nace
ous
mud
ston
e, a
nd n
umer
ous
coal
bed
s. T
he
prop
ortio
ns o
f sa
ndst
one
to m
udst
one
are
abou
t eq
ual.
Thi
ckne
ss v
arie
s be
caus
e of
the
irre
gula
rity
of
the
unco
nfor
mity
tha
t se
para
tes
the
Ada
ville
and
ove
rlyi
ng C
reta
ceou
s ro
cks.
"
"Fin
e-gr
aine
d to
con
glom
erat
ic s
ands
tone
, si
ltsto
ne,
and
shal
e w
ith s
ome
beds
of
bent
onite
and
coa
l."3
Mill
iard
Sha
le
1^ Q
OO-6
800
? "D
ark-
gray
to
tan
clay
ston
e, s
iltst
one,
and
3<5,
600
f\sa
ndy
shal
e."0
"Gen
eral
ly c
onsi
dere
d a
min
or a
quif
er o
f th
e O
vert
hrus
t B
elt
area
..."
1
"Sm
all
quan
titie
s of
wat
er a
re a
vaila
ble
from
san
dsto
ne in
the
bas
e of
the
Ada
ville
Fo
rmat
ion.
"3
Smal
l qu
antit
ies
of w
ater
are
ava
ilabl
e fr
om s
ands
tone
lay
ers
in t
he B
lind
Bul
l Fo
rmat
ion.
3
"Maj
or r
egio
nal
conf
inin
g un
it of
Gre
en
Riv
er B
asin
and
Ove
rthr
ust
Bel
t. L
ocal
ly
yiel
ds s
mal
l qu
antit
ies
to w
ells
fro
m s
and
lens
es."
1
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SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 79
Tabl
e 12
. Li
thol
ogic
and
wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
ristic
s o
f geo
logi
c un
its in
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
1 m 3D m
Era
them
Sy
stem
S
erie
so c
Mes
ozoi
c C
reta
ceou
s L
ower
O
Cre
tace
ous
m 0
n
Ran
ge o
f th
ickn
ess
Geo
logi
c un
it (ft
)
Tho
mas
For
k 43
00- 1
,300
Fo
rmat
ion
5400
_uo
o
Lith
olog
y
"Red
and
var
iega
ted
mud
ston
e an
d sa
ndst
one
with
cal
care
ous
nodu
les.
"
Wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
rist
ics
Few
hyd
rolo
gic
data
are
ava
ilabl
e fo
r th
e T
hom
as F
ork
Form
atio
n. B
ased
on
litho
logi
es,
smal
l qu
antit
ies
of w
ater
are
pr
obab
ly a
vaila
ble
from
san
dsto
ne la
yers
in
thi
s fo
rmat
ion.
3
Ran
ge o
f m
ost
com
mon
w
ater
yie
lds
(gal
/min
)
Mes
ozoi
c C
reta
ceou
s
Mes
ozoi
c C
reta
ceou
s
Mes
ozoi
c Ju
rass
ic
Mes
ozoi
c Ju
rass
ic
Mes
ozoi
c Ju
rass
ic
Low
er
Cre
tace
ous
Low
er
Cre
tace
ous
Upp
er a
ndM
iddl
eJu
rass
ic
Smith
s Fo
rmat
ion
Gan
nett
Gro
upin
clud
es:
Smoo
tFo
rmat
ion,
Dra
ney
Lim
esto
ne,
Bec
hler
Con
glom
erat
e,Pe
ters
onL
imes
tone
,E
phra
imC
ongl
omer
ate
Stum
p Fo
rmat
ion
Upp
er a
nd
Mid
dle
Jura
ssic
Mid
dle
Jura
ssic
Preu
ss
Sand
ston
e or
Preu
ssR
edbe
ds
Twin
Cre
ekL
imes
tone
4110
-390
53
00-8
50
^SO
O-S
.OO
O
5790
-3,0
00
390-
120
5160
-330
360-
1,60
0
1800
-3,8
00
5980
-3,3
00
"Int
erbe
dded
tan
quar
tziti
c an
d bl
ack
ferr
ugin
ous
shal
e. A
bout
755
ft t
hick
alo
ng
Smith
s Fo
rk b
ut th
ins
sout
hwar
d."
Lith
olog
ies
of th
e G
anne
tt G
roup
incl
ude:
br
ick-
red
and
mar
oon
silts
tone
and
cla
y-st
one,
re
d to
bro
wn
calc
areo
us to
qua
rtzi
tic
sand
ston
e, r
ed to
bro
wn
cong
lom
erat
e, a
nd
gray
to ta
n no
dula
r lim
esto
ne (
Eph
raim
C
ongl
omer
ate)
; fin
ely
crys
talli
ne li
mes
tone
(P
eter
son
Lim
esto
ne);
red
san
dsto
ne a
nd
cong
lom
erat
e, a
nd p
urpl
ish-
to r
eddi
sh-g
ray
silts
tone
and
mud
ston
e w
ith th
in li
mes
tone
in
terb
eds
(Bec
hler
Con
glom
erat
e);
gray
fin
ely
crys
talli
ne li
mes
tone
and
gra
y ca
lcar
eous
si
ltsto
ne (D
rane
y L
imes
tone
); a
nd r
ed s
iltst
one
and
mud
ston
e (S
moo
t For
mat
ion)
.
"Gre
en to
gre
enis
h-gr
ay g
lauc
oniti
c sa
ndst
one,
si
ltsto
ne a
nd l
imes
tone
." 3
Red
, mar
oon,
bro
wn,
and
ora
nge
calc
areo
us
silts
tone
, m
udst
one,
and
san
dsto
ne, a
nd s
ome
beds
of r
ock
salt
in th
e O
vert
hrus
t B
elt.
3
"Lig
ht-g
ray
to b
lack
lim
esto
ne a
nd s
hale
in th
e up
per
part,
and
red
, bro
wn,
and
ora
nge
clay
ston
e an
d gr
ay m
ainl
y br
ecci
ated
but
pa
rtly
hon
eyco
mbe
d lim
esto
ne in
the
low
er
part
...3,
800
ft th
ick
in th
e so
uthe
rn p
art o
f L
inco
ln C
ount
y."3
Few
hyd
rolo
gic
data
are
ava
ilabl
e fo
r the
Sm
iths
Form
atio
n. B
ased
on
litho
logi
es,
smal
l qua
ntiti
es o
f wat
er a
re p
roba
bly
avai
labl
e fr
om s
ands
tone
laye
rs in
this
fo
rmat
ion.
3
"Wat
er-b
eari
ng u
nits
res
tric
ted
to s
and
st
ones
and
con
glom
erat
e in
low
er p
art."
1
Roc
ks i
n th
e G
anne
tt G
roup
are
mos
tly
impe
rmea
ble
and
in m
ost
area
s th
ey a
re
only
cap
able
of y
ield
ing
smal
l qu
antit
ies
of w
ater
. Whe
re th
e co
nglo
mer
ates
are
fr
actu
red,
mod
erat
e qu
antit
ies
are
avai
labl
e.
The
san
dsto
ne o
f the
Stu
mp
Form
atio
n is
rela
tivel
y im
perm
eabl
e an
d in
mos
t are
as
is ca
pabl
e of
yie
ldin
g on
ly s
mal
l qua
ntiti
es
of w
ater
.3
"Uni
t is
cons
ider
ed a
poo
r aq
uife
r."1
The
Pre
uss
Sand
ston
e or
Pre
uss
Red
beds
is
rela
tivel
y im
perm
eabl
e an
d in
mos
t ar
eas
is ca
pabl
e of
yie
ldin
g on
ly s
mal
l qu
antit
ies
of w
ater
.
Upp
er p
art o
f the
Tw
in C
reek
Lim
esto
ne is
re
lativ
ely
impe
rmea
ble
and
in m
ost a
reas
is
capa
ble
of y
ield
ing
only
sm
all q
uant
ities
of
wat
er.'
"Min
or a
quif
er in
Ove
rthr
ust
Bel
t."1
'5-7
5
20-3
00
Tabl
e 12
. Li
thol
ogic
and
wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
ristic
s o
f geo
logi
c un
its in
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
Era
them
Mes
ozoi
c
Syst
em
Jura
ssic
(?)
Tri
assi
c(?)
Ser
ies
Geo
logi
c un
it
Nug
get
Sand
ston
e
Ran
ge o
fth
ickn
ess
(ft)
U75
0-l,3
0055
90- 1
,000
Lith
olog
y
"Var
icol
ored
(ge
nera
lly p
ink
to s
alm
on)
cros
sbed
ded
fine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed w
ell-
sort
ed q
uart
zitic
san
dsto
ne, a
nd a
few
bed
s of
mar
oon,
red
, and
bro
wn
mud
ston
e in
the
low
erpa
rt. A
bout
1 ,3
00 f
t thi
ck in
sou
ther
n pa
rt o
fL
inco
ln C
ount
y."
Wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
rist
ics
The
Nug
get
Sand
ston
e is
cap
able
of
yiel
ding
mod
erat
e to
lar
ge q
uant
ities
of
wat
er w
here
out
crop
or r
echa
rge
area
s ar
ela
rge;
bed
ding
is c
ontin
uous
and
not
off
set
by f
aults
, and
in t
opog
raph
ic l
ows
whe
rela
rge
thic
knes
ses
occu
r. M
any
sprin
gsis
sue
from
the
Nug
get
and
flow
s gr
eate
r
Ran
ge o
f m
ost
com
mon
wat
er y
ield
s(g
al/m
in)
^-30
0
Mes
ozoi
c T
rias
sic
Upp
er a
nd
Ank
areh
L
ower
Tri
assi
c Fo
rmat
ion
^00-8
00
3200
-600
Mes
ozoi
c T
rias
sic
Low
er T
rias
sic
Tha
ynes
L
imes
tone
Mes
ozoi
c T
rias
sic
Mes
ozoi
c T
rias
sic
m
Mes
ozoi
c T
rias
sic
5 m
Low
er T
rias
sic
Woo
dsid
e S
hale
Low
er T
rias
sic
Din
woo
dy
For
mat
ion
Upp
er a
nd
Chu
gwat
er
Low
er T
rias
sic
For
mat
ion
1,10
0-2,
600
4700
-1,3
00
5980
-1,6
00
'350
-600
33
50-5
00
^50-7
00
5250
-1,6
00
"Red
to
brow
n sh
ale,
sil
tsto
ne,
and
fine
gr
aine
d sa
ndst
one,
and
, lo
call
y, g
reen
ish-
gray
li
mes
tone
in
abou
t th
e m
iddl
e pa
rt.
Abo
ut 2
00
ft t
hick
in
the
nort
hern
par
t of
Lin
coln
Cou
nty
and
abou
t 60
0 ft
thi
ck i
n th
e so
uthe
rn p
art."
"Mai
nly
buff
to d
ark-
gray
silt
y li
mes
tone
, an
d re
d to
tan
sil
tsto
ne a
nd s
hale
pre
dom
inat
ely
in
the
uppe
r pa
rt.
Abo
ut 1
,100
ft
thic
k in
the
no
rthe
rn p
art
of L
inco
ln C
ount
y an
d 2,
400
to
2,60
0 ft
thi
ck i
n th
e so
uthe
rn p
art."
3
"Mai
nly
red
and
oran
ge p
artl
y an
hydr
ide
silt
ston
e an
d m
udst
one,
and
som
e or
ange
fin
e
grai
ned
sand
ston
e."
"Gra
y to
oli
ve-d
rab
dolo
mit
ic s
ilts
tone
."
"Chu
gwat
er-r
ed s
ilts
tone
and
sha
le."
Roc
ks i
n th
e A
nkar
eh F
orm
atio
n ar
e re
lati
vely
im
perm
eabl
e an
d in
mos
t ar
eas
are
prob
ably
cap
able
of
only
yie
ldin
g sm
all
quan
titi
es o
f w
ater
.3
"Min
or r
egio
nal
aqui
fer,
loca
lly
conf
inin
g."
1
"Whe
re th
e T
hayn
es h
as s
econ
dary
pe
rmea
bilit
y in
the
form
of f
ract
ures
and
(o
r) s
olut
ion
open
ings
, the
lim
esto
ne w
ill
yiel
d m
oder
ate
quan
titie
s of
wat
er to
w
ells
."3
"Gen
eral
ly c
onsi
dere
d a
regi
onal
aqu
ifer
w
ith s
prin
g flo
ws
of 5
to
1,80
0 ga
l/min
..."1
Roc
ks i
n th
e W
oods
ide
Shal
e ar
e m
ostly
im
perm
eabl
e an
d in
mos
t are
as t
hey
are
prob
ably
cap
able
of o
nly
yiel
ding
sm
all
quan
titie
s of
wat
er.
Roc
ks i
n th
e D
inw
oody
For
mat
ion
are
mos
tly i
mpe
rmea
ble
and
in m
ost
area
s ar
e pr
obab
ly c
apab
le o
f on
ly y
ield
ing
smal
l qu
antit
ies
of w
ater
/
Unk
now
n
Tabl
e 12
. Li
thol
ogic
an
d w
ater
-yie
ldin
g ch
arac
teris
tics
of g
eolo
gic
units
in L
inco
ln C
ount
y, W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
1 m 33 m
Erat
hem
Sy
stem
Se
ries
G
eolo
gic
unit
c/> -
O
7c
Pale
ozoi
c Pe
rmia
n Ph
osph
oria
O
Form
atio
n an
d[JJ
re
late
d ro
cks
O TI r-
z O 0 I- O
Pal
eozo
ic
Per
mia
n an
d P
erm
ian,
T
ensl
eep
^
Pen
nsyl
vani
an
Upp
er a
nd
San
dsto
nez
Mid
dle
-<
Pen
nsyl
vani
an
Ran
ge o
f th
icknes
s (f
t)
Lit
holo
gy
'200
-400
"U
pper
par
t is
dar
k- t
o li
ght-
gray
che
rt a
nd52
30-3
60
shal
e w
ith
blac
k sh
ale
and
phos
phor
ite
at t
op;
low
er p
art
is b
lack
sha
le,
phos
phor
ite,
and
cher
ty d
olom
ite.
"6
"Mai
nly
phos
phat
ic,
carb
onac
eous
, an
d ch
erty
sh
ale
and
sand
ston
e."
'450
-1 0
00
Whi
te,
grey
, an
d pi
nk w
ell-
sort
ed f
ine-
grai
ned
sand
ston
e an
d qu
artz
ite,
and
thi
n la
yers
of
whi
te s
ilic
eous
, do
lom
itic
lim
esto
ne.3
Wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
rist
ics
Roc
ks i
n th
e P
hosp
hori
a F
orm
atio
n ar
em
ostl
y im
perm
eabl
e an
d in
mos
t ar
eas
are
prob
ably
cap
able
of
only
yie
ldin
g sm
all
quan
titi
es o
f w
ater
. W
here
ext
ensi
vely
frac
ture
d, t
he P
hosp
hori
a is
cap
able
of
yiel
ding
mod
erat
e qu
anti
ties
of
wat
er. -
"Uni
t is
min
or a
quif
er,
loca
lly
conf
inin
g."'
"San
dsto
ne a
quif
er in
the
Wel
ls F
orm
atio
nan
d T
ensl
eep
San
dsto
ne a
re c
apab
le o
fyi
eldi
ng m
oder
ate
to l
arge
qua
ntit
ies
ofw
ater
. A
vail
abil
ity
is d
epen
dent
upo
n lo
cal
cond
itio
ns o
f re
char
ge,
cont
inui
ty o
f be
dsan
d de
velo
pmen
t of
per
mea
bili
ty.
The
sesa
ndst
ones
on
topo
grap
hic
high
s m
ay b
edr
aine
d, e
spec
iall
y if
und
erly
ing
lim
esto
nes
have
ext
ensi
ve s
olut
ion
deve
lopm
ent."
-
Ran
ge o
f m
ost
co
mm
on
wat
er y
ield
s (g
al/m
in)
_
'210
-700
Pal
eozo
ic
Per
mia
n an
d P
erm
ian,
P
enns
ylva
nian
U
pper
and
M
iddl
e P
enns
ylva
nian
Wel
ls
For
mat
ion
3450
-1 0
00
"Gra
y th
ick-
bedd
ed q
uart
zite
, ca
lcar
eous
sand
ston
e, a
nd l
imes
tone
mai
nly
in t
he u
pper
pa
rt."
3
"Maj
or a
quif
er o
f P
aleo
zoic
Sys
tem
."
"San
dsto
ne a
quif
er in
the
Wel
ls F
orm
atio
n an
d T
ensl
eep
San
dsto
ne a
re c
apab
le o
f yi
eldi
ng m
oder
ate
to l
arge
qua
ntit
ies
of
wat
er.
Ava
ilab
ilit
y is
dep
ende
nt u
pon
loca
l co
ndit
ions
of
rech
arge
, co
ntin
uity
of
beds
an
d de
velo
pmen
t of
per
mea
bili
ty.
The
se
sand
ston
es o
n to
pogr
aphi
c hi
ghs
may
be
drai
ned,
esp
ecia
lly
if u
nder
lyin
g li
mes
tone
s ha
ve e
xten
sive
sol
utio
n de
velo
pmen
t."3
Pal
eozo
ic
Pen
nsyl
vani
an/
Mid
dle
and
Am
sden
M
issi
ssip
pian
L
ower
F
orm
atio
n P
enns
ylva
nian
an
d U
pper
M
issi
ssip
pian
400-
700
"Var
icol
ored
mud
ston
e, s
ilts
tone
, an
d 11
50-3
90
sand
ston
e, a
nd g
ray
cher
ty l
imes
ton
e"/
Few
hyd
roge
olog
ic d
ata
are
avai
labl
e fo
r th
e A
msd
en F
orm
atio
n. S
mal
l qu
anti
ties
of
wat
er m
ay b
e av
aila
ble
from
the
che
rty
lim
esto
ne i
n th
e A
msd
en F
orm
atio
n, b
ut,
on t
opog
raph
ic h
ighs
, th
e A
msd
en i
s pr
obab
ly w
ell
drai
ned,
esp
ecia
lly
if
unde
rlyi
ng l
imes
tone
s ha
ve e
xten
sive
so
luti
on d
evel
opm
ent.-
"Min
or a
quif
er in
Gre
en R
iver
Bas
in, b
ut
loca
lly
conf
inin
g in
Ove
rthr
ust
Bel
t..."
Tabl
e 12
. Li
thol
ogic
and
wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
ristic
s o
f geo
logi
c un
its in
Lin
coln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
Era
them
Sy
stem
Pale
ozoi
c M
issi
ssip
pian
Ser
ies
Upp
er a
nd
Low
er
Mis
siss
ippi
an
Geo
logi
c un
it
Mad
ison
L
imes
tone
Ran
ge o
f th
ickn
ess
(ft)
1 800
-2,0
00
Lith
olog
y
"Gra
y, ta
n, a
nd b
row
n th
in-b
edde
d to
par
tly
mas
sive
che
rty
and
brec
ciat
ed l
imes
tone
and
gr
ay to
tan
thic
k-be
dded
mas
sive
dol
omite
. 3
Wat
er-y
ield
ing
char
acte
rist
ics
"Maj
or r
egio
nal
aqui
fer..
. Exc
elle
nt
solu
tion
and
frac
ture
per
mea
bilit
y... T
his
perm
eabi
lity
is p
rodu
ced
by s
olut
ion
zone
s al
ong
bedd
ing
plan
e pa
rtin
gs a
nd jo
ints
."1
Ran
ge o
fm
ost
com
mon
w
ater
yie
lds
(gal
/min
)
^100
Pale
ozoi
c D
evon
ian
Pale
ozoi
c Si
luri
an
Pale
ozoi
c O
rdov
icia
n
Pale
ozoi
c C
ambr
ian
Pale
ozoi
c C
ambr
ian
Low
er
Dar
by
Mis
siss
ippi
an
Form
atio
n an
d U
pper
D
evon
ian
Upp
er a
nd
Lak
etow
n M
iddl
e D
olom
ite
Silu
rian
1>340
0-1
000
"Gra
y to
bro
wn
thin
-bed
ded
mas
sive
dol
omite
A
vaila
bilit
y of
wat
er fr
om li
mes
tone
and
and
limes
tone
, and
bla
ck, r
ed,
and
yello
w
dolo
mite
aqu
ifer
s is
lar
gely
dep
ende
nt o
nsi
ltsto
ne...
Abo
ut 1
,000
ft t
hick
alo
ng th
e th
e se
cond
ary
perm
eabi
lity
in th
e fo
rm o
fW
yom
ing-
Uta
h bo
rder
sou
thw
est o
f Sa
ge."
so
lutio
n op
enin
gs a
nd f
ract
ures
.
Upp
er
Ord
ovic
ian
Upp
er
Cam
bria
n
Upp
er a
ndM
iddl
eC
ambr
ian
Big
horn
D
olom
ite
Gal
latin
L
imes
tone
Gro
s V
entre
Fo
rmat
ion
5980
-1,3
00
1400
-1,0
00
1125
-1,0
00
1500
-2,5
00
"Lig
ht-g
ray
thic
k-be
dded
fin
ely
crys
talli
ne
dolo
mite
."
Pale
ozoi
c C
ambr
ian
Mid
dle
Cam
bria
nFl
athe
ad
Sand
ston
eU
175-
200
Not
muc
h is
know
n ab
out
this
aqu
ifer.
Wat
er a
vaila
bilit
y is
prob
ably
dep
ende
nt
upon
sec
onda
ry p
erm
eabi
lity.
"Hig
hly
prod
uctiv
e aq
uife
r whe
re f
ract
ure,
se
cond
ary
solu
tion
and
bedd
ing
plan
e pe
rmea
bilit
y ar
e w
ell d
evel
oped
."
"Wel
l an
d sp
ring
dat
a ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e;
how
ever
, lit
holo
gy a
s w
ell
as f
ract
ure
and
seco
ndar
y so
lutio
n pe
rmea
bilit
y de
velo
p
men
t ar
e in
dica
tive
of a
pot
entia
lly
prod
uctiv
e aq
uife
r." '
Few
hyd
rolo
gic
data
are
ava
ilabl
e. T
he
Gro
s V
entre
For
mat
ion
cons
ists
pr
edom
inat
ely
of p
oorl
y pe
rmea
ble
rock
an
d is
prob
ably
not
an
impo
rtan
t aq
uife
r.3
"Uni
t is
gene
rally
con
side
red
a re
gion
al
aqui
tard
with
low
ver
tical
per
mea
bilit
y du
e to
upp
er a
nd lo
wer
sha
les.
'
"Whi
te to
pin
k fi
ne-g
rain
ed q
uart
zite
and
som
e Fe
w h
ydro
logi
c da
ta a
re a
vaila
ble.
Bas
edle
nses
of c
oars
e-gr
aine
d sa
ndst
one.
The
upp
er
on li
thol
ogy,
the
Fla
thea
d is
prob
ably
apa
rt c
onta
ins
som
e gr
een
silty
sha
le in
terb
eds,
po
tent
ial
sour
ce o
f wat
er.3
and
the
basa
l pa
rt is
con
glom
erat
ic."
__
"Gra
y fin
e- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed m
assi
ve
dolo
mite
and
dol
omiti
c lim
esto
ne th
at h
as
roug
h pi
tted
surf
aces
upo
n w
eath
erin
g."3
"Dar
k-gr
ay b
row
n-m
ottle
d th
in-b
edde
d lim
esto
ne a
nd g
ray
part
ly d
olom
itic
limes
tone
w
ith s
ome
beds
of c
ongl
omer
ate.
"
"Gra
y an
d gr
een
shal
e w
ith s
ome
cong
lom
er
ate
in th
e up
per
part,
blu
e to
gra
y ru
sty
mot
tled
limes
tone
in t
he m
iddl
e pa
rt, a
nd
gree
n an
d re
d he
mat
itic
shal
e in
the
low
er
part
."3
'Ahe
rn,
Col
lent
ine,
and
Coo
ke,
1981
. 2W
elde
r, 19
68.
3Lin
es a
nd G
lass
, 19
75.
4M'G
onig
le a
nd D
over
, 19
92.
5Ori
el a
nd P
latt,
198
0.6L
ove
and
Chr
istia
nsen
, 19
85.
7In
Wyo
min
g, t
he P
hosp
hori
a Fo
rmat
ion
is s
ynon
ymou
s w
ith t
he P
ark
City
For
mat
ion
(Lan
e, 1
973,
p. 4
).
WATER
RESOURCE
V) 0
-n r- z 0 o 1- z 0 0 c
z <
Tabl
e 1 3
. In
stan
tane
ous
disc
harg
e, p
hysi
cal a
nd b
iolo
gica
l pro
pert
ies,
and
che
mic
al a
naly
ses
of w
ater
sam
ples
col
lect
ed a
t str
eam
flow
site
s on
the
Salt
Riv
er a
nd a
tr
ibut
ary
to th
e Sa
lt Ri
ver,
sam
pled
Jul
y 18
-23,
199
4, I
daho
and
Wyo
min
g
[Site
num
ber:
Sim
plif
ied
site
num
ber
used
in t
his
repo
rt to
ide
ntif
y m
isce
llane
ous
stre
amfl
ow s
ites.
ft
3/s,
cub
ic f
eet p
er s
econ
d; u
S/cm
, m
icro
siem
ens
per
cent
imet
er a
t 25
degr
ees
Cel
sius
; °C
, deg
rees
Cel
si
us;
ml,
mill
ilite
rs;
K, n
umbe
r of
bac
teri
al c
olon
ies
on p
late
was
out
side
of
idea
l ra
nge
(20-
60 c
olon
ies)
; m
g/L
, m
illig
ram
s pe
r lit
er;
ug/L
, m
icro
gram
s pe
r lit
er; -,
no
data
; <,
les
s th
an]
Sit
enu
mbe
r(f
ig. 9
and
pi. 2
)
140
142
143
144
145
146
148
149
150
151 58
Sta
tion
num
ber
4231
3211
0525
801
4236
5811
0555
701
4241
1911
0594
701
4245
2611
0581
301
4247
4111
0582
801
4250
2711
0584
801
4252
5011
0595
701
4255
2911
1005
801
4258
5511
1015
001
4302
4411
1020
601
1 302
7500
Sta
tion
nam
e
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
Fis
h C
reek
, ne
ar S
moo
t
Salt
Riv
er a
t Cou
nty
Roa
d 14
8, n
ear
Smoo
t
Cro
w C
reek
at C
ount
y R
oad
143,
nea
r Fa
irvi
ew
Salt
Riv
er b
elow
Cro
w C
reek
, ne
ar A
fton
Salt
Riv
er a
t H
ighw
ay 2
37, n
ear
Aub
urn
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
Nar
row
s, n
ear
Aub
urn
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
Eas
t Si
de C
anal
, ne
ar T
hayn
e
Salt
Riv
er a
t Tha
yne
Salt
Riv
er a
t Hig
hway
239
, ne
ar F
reed
om
Salt
Riv
er a
t Cou
nty
Roa
d 11
1, n
ear
Etn
a
Salt
Riv
er a
bove
Res
ervo
ir,
near
Etn
a
Alti
tude
(fee
t)
7,03
0
6,54
0
6,17
9
6,05
8
6,02
1
5,98
0
5,96
5
5,86
0
5,77
1
5,70
5
5,67
6
Dat
esa
mpl
ed
07-1
8-94
07-1
9-94
07-1
9-94
07-2
0-94
07-2
0-94
07-2
1-94
07-2
1-94
07-2
2-94
07-2
2-94
07-2
3-94
07-2
2-94
Tim
e
1400
1100
1700
0900
1900
0800
1530
1000
1500
0900
1155
Dis
char
ge,
inst
anta
ne
ous
(ft3
/s)
19 18 24 64 129
259
251
145
140
249
359
Spe
cifi
cco
nduc
tan
ce(u
S/cm
)
349
365
616
449
432
497
476
481
453
490
477
PH(s
tand
ard
units
)
8.4
8.6
8.6
8.1
8.5
8.1
8.4
8.3
8.5
8.0
8.2
Wat
erte
mpe
rat
ure
(°C) 13
.0
12.0
15.0 9.5
17.0
11.0
20.0
17.0
18.0
13.5
14.0
Air
tem
per
atur
e(°
C)
25.0
22.0
27.0
15.0
26.0
15.0
32.0
25.0
34.0
20.0
28.5
Feca
lco
lifor
m,
(col
onie
s/10
0ml)
K20 20
0 79 47 27
K11
0 -
K53
K20 21
0 -
Tabl
e 13
. In
stan
tane
ous
disc
harg
e, p
hysi
cal a
nd b
iolo
gica
l pro
perti
es,
and
chem
ical
ana
lyse
s of
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
at s
trea
mflo
w s
ites
on th
e S
alt R
iver
and
a
tribu
tary
to t
he S
alt R
iver
, sa
mpl
ed J
uly
18-2
3, 1
994,
Ida
ho a
nd W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
Site
nu
mbe
rTo
tal
hard
ness
(fig
. 9
(mg/
L an
d pi
. 2)
Stat
ion
num
ber
as C
aCO
3)
0) c TJ
TJ
r~ m s m
140
142
143
144
145
146
148
149
150
151 58
4231
3211
0525
801
4236
5811
0555
701
4241
1911
0594
701
4245
2611
0581
301
4247
4111
0582
801
4250
2711
0584
801
4252
5011
0595
701
4255
2911
1005
801
4258
5511
1015
001
4302
4411
1020
601
1302
7500
190
200
230
230
230
240
230
230
230
250
230
Cal
cium
, di
ssol
ved
(mg/
L as
Ca)
54 57 56 64 60 63 61 61 59 64 61
Mag
ne-
Cal
cium
si
um,
load
di
ssol
ved
(ton
s/da
y as
Ca)
2.8
2.8
3.6
11 21 44 41 24 22 43 59
(mg/
L as
Mg)
13 13 21 18 19 19 19 19 20 21 19
Mag
ne
sium
, So
dium
, So
dium
lo
ad
diss
olve
d lo
adP
otas
sium
, So
dium
di
ssol
ved
(ton
s/da
y (m
g/L
as
(ton
s/da
y ad
sorp
tion
(m
g/L
as M
g)
Na)
as
Na)
ra
tio
as K
)
0.66
2.
9 0.
15
.63
3.5
.17
1.4
47
3.0
3.1
5.1
.88
6.6
6.6
2.3
13
15
10
13
15
10
7.4
15
5.9
7.5
12
4.5
14
12
8.0
18
10
9.7
0.1
0.40
.1 .4
0
1 1.
0
.1 .6
0
.2
.40
.4
.90
.4
1.0
.4
1.0
.3
.90
.3
1.0
.3
1.0
Pot
assi
um
load
(ton
s/da
y as
K)
0.02 .0
2
.06
.1 .1 .6 .7 .4 .3 .7 1.0
Alk
alin
ity,
Alk
alin
ity
tota
l lo
ad(m
g/L
(ton
s/da
y as
CaC
O3)
as
CaC
O3)
155
7.9
167
8.1
176
11
191
33
177
61
193
130
186
130
188
73
163
61
207
140
194
190
m 3)
31 m (0 O c 31
0 m CO O T\
|- z O 0 I- z O O c
z 3
Tab
le 1
3.
Inst
anta
neou
s di
scha
rge,
phy
sica
l and
bio
logi
cal p
rope
rtie
s, a
nd c
hem
ical
ana
lyse
s o
f wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
at s
trea
mflo
w s
ites
on t
he S
alt R
iver
and
a
trib
utar
y to
the
Sal
t Riv
er,
sam
pled
Jul
y 18
-23,
19
94,
Idah
o an
d W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
Site
num
ber
(fig
. 9
and
pi.
2)
140
142
143
144
145
146
148
149
150
151 58
Sta
tion
num
ber
4231
3211
0525
801
4236
5811
0555
701
4241
1911
0594
701
4245
2611
0581
301
4247
4111
0582
801
4250
2711
0584
801
4252
5011
0595
701
4255
2911
1005
801
4258
5511
1015
001
4302
4411
1020
601
1302
7500
Car
bona
te,
(mg/
Las
CO
3)
8 8 13 0 5 0 8 5 4 0 0
Car
bona
telo
ad(t
on
s/d
ay
as C
O3)
0.4 .4 .8
0 1.7
0 5 2 2 0 0
Bic
arb
on
at
e(m
g/L
as H
CO
3)
173
189
188
233
205
236
210
219
192
253
240
Bic
arb
on
ate
load
(to
ns/
da
yas
HC
O3)
8.8
9.2
12 40 71 160
140 85 72 170
230
Sulfa
te,
dis
solv
ed
(mg/
Las
SO
4)
38 32 53 42 44 46 47 46 41 38 34
Sulfa
telo
ad(t
on
s/d
ay
as S
O4)
1.9
1.6
3.4
7.2
15 32 32 18 15 25 33
Chlo
ride,
dis
solv
ed
(mg/
LasC
I)
0.60 .9
0
62 4.5
7.3
18 17 16 13 14 12
Ch
lorid
elo
ad(t
on
s/d
ay
asC
I)
0.03 .0
4
4.0 .7
8
2.5
13 11 6.2
4.9
9.4
12
Flu
orid
e,
dis
solv
ed
(mg/
La
sF)
<0.
10
<. 1
0
.20
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.20
Flu
orid
elo
ad(t
on
s/d
ay
asF
)
<0.
005
<.00
5
.01
.02
.03
.07
.07
.04
.04
.07
.2
Sili
ca,
dis
solv
ed
(mg/L
as S
iO2)
6.0
6.0
7.4
7.1
6.8
6.9
6.7
6.5
6.2
6.7
6.3
Sili
calo
ad(t
on
s/d
ay
as S
!O2)
0.31 .29
.48
1.2
2.4
4.8
4.5
2.5
2.3
4.5
6.1
Tabl
e 13
. In
stan
tane
ous
disc
harg
e, p
hysi
cal a
nd b
iolo
gica
l pro
pert
ies,
and
che
mic
al a
naly
ses
of w
ater
sam
ples
col
lect
ed a
t str
eam
flow
site
s on
the
Sal
t Riv
er a
nd
a tr
ibut
ary
to t
he S
alt R
iver
, sa
mpl
ed J
uly
18-2
3,
1994
, Id
aho
and
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
Dis
solv
ed
N
itrogen,
Nitr
ogen,
Nitr
og
en
, N
itro
ge
n,
Site
so
lids,
D
isso
lved
NO
2+N
O3
NO
2+N
O3
am
monia
, am
monia
P
ho
sph
oru
s,
Ph
osp
ho
rus
Sedim
ent
num
ber
sum
of
solid
s d
isso
lve
d
load
d
isso
lve
d
load
d
isso
lve
d
load
Ir
on
Man
gane
se
load
, (f
ig.
9 co
nst
ituents
lo
ad
(mg/
L (t
on
s/d
ay
(mg/
L (t
on
s/d
ay
(mg/L
(t
on
s/d
ay
(ng/
L (n
g/L
susp
en
de
d
and
pi.
2)
Sta
tion n
um
ber
(mg/
L)
(tons/
day)
as
N)
as N
) as
N)
as N
) as
P)
as P
) as
Fe)
as
Mn)
(t
ons/
day)
c ^n >LEMEN
TA
i
a §
140
142
143
144
145
146
148
149
150
151 58
4231
3211
0525
801
208
10.7
<
0.05
0 <
0.00
3 0.
030
0.00
2 0.
020
0.00
1 5
8
4236
5811
0555
701
213
10.3
<
.050
<
.002
.0
30
.001
.0
10
.000
5 12
4
4241
1911
0594
701
353
22.7
<
.05
0
<.0
03
.030
.0
02
.020
.0
01
10
7
4245
2611
0581
301
262
44.6
1.
40
.24
.030
.0
05
.010
.0
02
<3
9
4247
4111
0582
801
254
86.7
.8
20
.28
.030
.0
1 .0
10
.003
3
5
4250
2711
0584
801
288
202
.630
.3
6 .0
40
.03
.020
.0
1 6
12
4252
5011
0595
701
281
188
.530
.4
4 .0
30
.02
<.0
10
<
.007
5
6
4255
2911
1005
801
280
111
.490
.1
9 .0
30
.01
.010
.0
04
4 7
4258
5511
1015
001
253
102
.520
.2
0 .0
30
.01
<.0
10
<
.004
4
4
4302
4411
1020
601
285
188
.750
.5
0 .0
30
.02
<.0
10
<
.007
7
6
1302
7500
26
4 26
5 .9
60
.93
.010
.0
1 .0
20
.02
4 5
0.31 .3
9
.78
2.1 .7
0
11 10 7.0
3.4
12 2.9
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
[Local number: See text describing well-numbering system in the section titled ft, feet below land surface; p.S/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius;
Station numberLocal number
(pi. 3)Date
sampled
Well depth
(ft)
Specific conduc tance
(|o.S/cm)
PH (stan dard units)
Water temper
ature (°C)
Hard ness (as
CaCO3)
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Quaternary Alluvium
414152110051001
414453110271601
414459110313601
414606110194601
414642110115201
414644111024101
414645110121101
414708110141201
414721110145701
414755110573201
415050110333401
415058110333801
415109110334101
415250110361301
415557110571701
415723110161501
415841110563701
420013110560901
420020110575601
420103110040401
420112110325401
420253110554601
420254110555801
420340110583301
420436110561901
420525110401401
420552110223301
420558110133001
420905110111401
421115111012701
20-112-20cad01
20-115-06baa01
21-116-36dcd01
21-114-27dac01
21-113-23dcd01
21-120-21ccc01
21-113-23cdc01
21-113-21acc01
21-113-20aad01
21-119-08bc01
22-116-34aad01
22-116-34aab01
22-116-27ddb01
22-116-17dcd01
23-119-32bda03
23-113-20ccb01
23-119-16bbb01
23-119-04bcc01
23-119-06ad01
24-112-25dcd01
24-116-35acb01
24-119-21adb01
24-119-21acb01
24-119-18bdc01
24-119-09bd01
24-117-03dad01
24-114-06abb01
25-113-35ddd01
25-112-17bcb01
25-119-06bca01
07-14-95
07-10-95
07-14-95
07-10-95
06-25-95
05-18-94
06-25-95
06-25-95
06-25-95
09-22-71
08-01-95
08-01-95
08-01-95
06-27-95
06-09-95
05-25-66
08-22-89
06-09-95
04-16-56
10-18-77
08-01-95
06-10-95
06-10-95
06-10-95
06-10-95
04-16-56
06-27-95
07-28-95
07-28-95
07-29-95
06-10-95
25
20 '
105
. 50
50
75
9
55
15
30
80
50
40
15
120
Spring
150
200
18
Spring
140
65
35
249
249
75
20-
75
60
60
3,100
622
2,470
2,150
944
1,620
579
4,140
1,500
1,610
1,760
1,360
825
1,180
767
1,200
1,090
1,540
503
540
755
677
822
359
359
697
434
1,110
2,750
783
1,080
7.4
7.2
7.3
8.5
8.7
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.7
7.4
7.4
7.6
7.6
7.2
7.6
-
7.5
7.6
7.5
8.2
8.1
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
8.1
7.6
7.7
7.5
7.7
7.7
9.0
11.0
9.0
11.0
9.0
8.5
10.0
8.0
10.0
10.0
9.5
9.5
7.0
8.0
9.0
7.0
14.0
9.0
5.5
13.0
7.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
8.0
5.5
9.5
10.0
8.0
9.0
630
310
900
26
37
480
270
800
230
670
680
480
310
600
330
-
410
480
220
190
49
280
320
150
150
320
220
210
1,400
350
320
160
93
220
6.7
8.7
98
80
140
46
150
170
120
80
140
78
-
88
100
67
18
12
41
64
40
41
64
70
48
320
99
87
55
19
86
2.2
3.7
57
18
110
27
71
61
43
27
60
32
-
47
56
14
47
4.5
43
40
12
12
40
10
23
140
26
25
530
12
200
460
180
140
18
720
250
100
140
96
43
26
29
-
75
130
20
40
160
39
49
14
15
29
7.2
170
160
36
62
88 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, WyomingGround-Water Data. Analytical results in milligrams per liter except as indicated; °C, degrees Celsius; --, no data; <, less than; NE, not established; ND, not detected]
Sodium adsorp
tion ratio
Potas sium, Bicar-
dissolved bonate (K) (HC03)
Alka- Car- linity,
bonate total as (C03) (CaC03)
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
Dissolved solids, sum of
con stituents
Nitrogen, NO2+NO3 , dissolved
(as N)
Phos phorus,
total (P)
and Colluvium
9
0.3
3
39
13
3
.5
11
7
2
2
2
1
.5
.7
2
3
.6
1
10
1
1
.5
.5
.7
.2
5
2
.8
2
0.6
2.2
8.1
1.4
.9
5.1
1.1
1.7
1.6
3.5 400
2.9
3.7
1.9
6.9
2.7
4.1
6.6
233
1.5 170
3.1
1.5
2.1
1.7
1.7
328
1.2
2.0
6.3
2.0
1.7
356
265
273
286
200
320
225
359
300
0
292
263
236
366
263
270
266
0
0
394
302
290
156
156
0
227
372
262
291
228
1,300
60
780
660
210
310
63
1,700
400
420
590
260
140
260
73
180
350
29
120
23
62
110
8.0
8.0
63
17
180
1,300
120
46
72
6.2
210
57
35
160
7.1
170
35
87
72
110
15
27
45
84
120
30
4.8
1.3
6.2
16
14
14
33
7.1
30
50
7.5
97
1.0
0.20
.30
.30
.70
.30
.40
.50
.50
.40
.30
.20
.20
.40
.20
.30
.50
--
.40
.50
1.0
.40
.30
.30
--
.20
.30
2.0
.10
.10
13
8.0
9.3
11
7.4
16
8.6
8.4
8.4
15
9.9
11
9.9
10
16
20
17
--
7.1
8.3
23
26
26
26
--
7.6
12
22
21
18
2,350
361
1,690
1,370
559
960
342
3,090
962
1,050
1,220
810
460
756
437
666
938
285
323
450
401
498
210
213
405
244
689
2,220
490
474
0.630
<.050
<.050
<.050
<.050
<.050
.730
.120
1.20
.650
1.80
.310
.050
1.30
--
--
.130
<.050
--
--
--
--
--
.090
<.050
15.0
.750
..
<0.010
<.010
<.010
.020
.020
--
.030
.010
.020
--
<.010
<.010
<.010
<.010
--
::---
.010
<.010
--
--
--
--
--
.010
<.010
<.010
<.010
..
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 89
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station numberLocal number
(pi. 3)Date
sampled
Well depth
(ft)
Specific conduc
tance (^S/cm)
PH (stan dard units)
Water temper
ature (°C)
Hard ness (as
CaCO3 )
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Quaternary Alluvium
421154110095801
421155110100301
421245110113001
421247111024601
421252110113601
421259110102901
421301111023201
421500110122001
421630111015501
4232381 10533201 1
423610110544601
423620110554000
423710110544601
423714110544401
423714110545001
423748110551500
423756110571201
423838110551401
423949110552501
424006110591601
424043110580001
424128110585301
424132110575501
424133110574301
424139110585601
424215110585201
424216110585501 1
424423 11 057090 I 1
424520111014000
424521110594701
26-112-33bba01
26-112-33bba02
26-112-30abc01
26-120-25cba01
26-112-19dcd01
26-112-20ddb01
26-120-25bda01
23-113-0201
26-1 20-0 IbbOl
30-118-33bcb01
30-118-08bbc01
30-119-12acOO
30-118-05bbb01
31-118-32ccc01
31-118-31ddd01
31-118-31ac01
31-119-35aad01
31-118-30acc01
31-118-19baa01
31-119-15cbd01
31-119-llcdcOl
31-119-10abc01
31-119-llbabOl
31-119-llabbOl
31-119-03cdd01
31-119-03abc01
31-119-03bad01
32-119-23dad01
32-119-05bb01
32-119-16dac01
08-20-76
08-20-76
07-27-95
06-09-95
07-27-95
08-20-76
08-12-89
06-09-95
05-27-58
09-21-71
10-07-93
07-29-92
09-21-71
07-28-92
08-03-94
07-28-92
09-14-71
07-29-92
08-04-94
07-28-92
07-29-92
07-28-92
08-23-89
07-28-92
08-03-94
07-27-92
07-27-92
10-06-93
10-08-93
09-10-71
08-04-94
10
1
75
210
100
75
75
90
Spring
185
85
130
140
98
88
98
45
-
262
-
65
148
120
112
107
70
60
70
75
35
70
700
700
683
729
664
560
620
517
1,280
605
431
493
408
427
440
427
412
492
425
421
559
398
545
424
375
532
538
543
340
788
599
-
-
7.7
7.6
7.7
-
6.7
7.7
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.5
7.5
7.8
7.9
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.2
7.6
7.8
7.3
7.4
7.6
8.0
7.4
7.5
17.0
16.5
9.0
9.0
9.0
18.0
11.5
9.0
6.5
7.0
8.0
11.5
9.5
6.0
5.0
6.0
7.5
9.0
8.0
10.5
9.0
10.0
10.0
9.5
9.0
9.5
10.5
9.0
5.0
8.5
10.0
370
350
280
350
160
280
290
230
570
320
230
-
190
-
220
-
220
-
220
-
-
-
270
-
190
-
260
180
320
250
94
86
74
82
32
74
80
52
120
82
72
55
-
65
-
65
-
64
-
-
83
-
55
-
-.
77
48
94
77
33
32
24
36
20
22
22
25
66
27
11
12
-
15
-
13
-
15
-
-
16
-
13
-
--
16
14
20
14
18
15
37
12
88
18
8.4
13
91
8.6
2.8
--
11
-
2.2
-
2.3
-
2.9
-
-
4.9
-
2.3
-
11
1.0
33
26
90 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- adsorp- slum, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
Alka- Car- linity,
bonate total as (C03) (CaC03)
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
Dissolved solids, sum of
con stituents
Nitrogen, NO2+NO3 , dissolved
(asN)
Phos phorus,
total (P)
and Colluvium-Continued
0.4
.4
1
.3
3
.5
.2
.4
2
.2
.1
2.5
2.5
1.1
1.5
1.6
1.3
.7
1.3
356
1.1
.7
355
311
244
190
240
220
190
0
218
207
56
74
110
170
110
58
6
51
430
110
29
4.8
3.9
6.7
13
6.4
4.2
4.0
11
20
3.9
.9
0.60
.50
.30
.10
.30
.40
.40
.10
-
.20
.10
18
18
11
18
13
9.8
10
15
22
12
7.9
428
418
411
458
416
342
324
284
928
383
250
<0.100
.010
.100
2.80
.130
.270
<.100
--
--
1.70
.300
0.010
.010
<.010
.010
<.010
<.010
--
--
--
--
.010
1.1 182 43 2.7 .20 20 255 .280
.4 157 73 .9 .20 6.6 263 .980 <.010
186 43 1.6 0 U 247 .460
.5 160 42 1.7 .10 8.5 249 1.20 <.010
.1 1.0 220 42 4.9 .20 13 312 3.50
.6 168 30 1.0 .20 7.3 213 .630 .010
.3
0
.8
.7
1.1
.7
4.1
1.3
224
150
276
221
34
39
24
26
15
.3
73
34
.20
.30
.20
.20
11
4.8
14
14
313
196
433
343
2.50
".250
1.20
3.70
<.010
<.010
--
.090
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 91
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station numberLocal number
(pi. 3)Date
sampled
Well depth
(ft)
Specific conduc tance
(nS/cm)
pH (stan dard units)
Water temper
ature (°C)
Hard ness Calcium, (as dissolved
CaCO3) (Ca)
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Quaternary Alluvium
424542110555801
424640110555000
42474011 0572601 l
424756110594801
424806110594701
424851110572801
424910110574401
424926110595001
425053110563201
425107110533501
425110110590000
425127110592701
425 135 11 0592201 l
425200110591000
425228110585301
425324110575201
425327110580701
425438110555701
425527111010401
425540110581801
425555111013301
425617110582001
42563811 1002201 l
425650110584000
425759111003901
425843111023501
42585511 1020601 l
425857110591901 1
425857111021801
425903111022400
32-119-13ada01
33-118-32daOO
33-118-31ddc01
33-119-35dac01
33-119-35adc01
33-118-30dba01
33-118-30abc01
33-119-23dcd01
33-118-17acb01
33-118-llcccOl
33-119-12cd01
33-119-12cba02
33-119-12cba01
33-119-12bab01
33-119-OlaccOl
34-118-31bdd01
34-11 8-3 IbcaOl
34-118-21ccc01
34-119-22aba01
34-118-18ccb01
34-119-15cab01
34-119-13aaa01
34-119-llcacOl
34-119-12ac01
34-119-02bbb01
35-119-33bda01
35-119-33abb01
35-119-25ccd01
35-119-33aba01
35-119-28dccOO
07-27-92
09-10-71
10-06-93
08-04-94
08-04-94
07-25-92
07-25-92
07-29-92
07-27-92
07-27-92
09-10-71
08-06-94
10-06-93
09-10-71
07-26-92
07-28-92
07-27-92
07-27-92
07-27-92
07-27-92
10-05-93
08-05-94
07-28-92
10-07-93
09-10-71
08-24-89
08-06-94
10-08-93
07-25-92
08-05-94
10-16-94
09-10-71
73
146
50
65
28
80
70
40
-
105
30
33
25
32
160
-
-
-
-
70
70
56
-
60
169
130
50
50
119
60
60
31
412
499
453
926
784
540
413
623
652
394
529
554
536
567
1,380
317
303
375
587
417
520
693
408
427
381
313
593
499
384
540
530
529
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.8
7.4
7.6
7.7
7.5
7.2
8.0
8.1
7.9
7.5
7.8
7.7
7.3
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.7
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.5
9.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
9.0
9.0
10.5
8.0
7.5
9.0
9.0
9.0
7.5
9.0
5.0
7.5
7.5
10.0
8.5
10.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
13.0
12.0
7.5
8.0
9.0
8.0
8.5
10.0
-
260
240
230
210
-
-
-
-
-
290
250
270
250
-
-
-
-
-
-
220
330
-
230
200
120
290
230
-
260
240
270
-
83
71
62
58
-
-
-
-
-
83
66
65
73
-
-
-
-
-
-
54
99
-
55
45
35
80
63
-
70
68
77
-
14
15
18
16
-
-
-
-
-
19
21
25
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
21
-
22
21
8.3
21
18
-
20
18
18
-
2.8
2.0
97
83
-
-
-
-
--
2.5
18
9.4
12
-
-
--
--
--
-
0.9
17
-
1.3
1.5
20
13
13
--
14
13
11
92 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium adsorp
tion ratio
Potas sium, Bicar-
dissolved bonate (K) (HC03)
Alka- Car- linity,
bonate total as (C03) (CaC03 )
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
Dissolved solids, sum of
con stituents
Nitrogen, NO2+NO3 , dissolved
(asN)
Phos phorus,
total (P)
and Colluvium-Continued
0.1
.1
3
2
.1
.5
.3
.3
0.8
1.0
.8
1.0
.8
1.0
1.1
17
207
190
184
214
255
210
230
238
50
39
48
40
33
48
48
45
2.0
4.3
150
95
1.0
20
8.9
13
0.20
.10
.10
.10
.20
.30
.10
.20
11
10
9.6
9.7
8.8
13
12
11
305
273
503
433
303
321
312
333
3.80
2.20
.310
.360
.470
.430
.710
.700
-.
0.010
<.010
.020
--
.020
.030
0
.4
0
0
.8
.3
.4
.4
.4
.3
.5
5.6
.5
.9 252
1.3
1.5
.8
.8
1.0
1.4
191
291
195
0
110
247
200
210
215
242
30
37
30
12
41
35
38
38
39
38
1.1
20
1.1
1.9
<1.0
14
15
18
16
9.7
.20
.40
.30
.10
.30
.20
.20
.20
.10
.20
6.1
23
6.1
6.5
25
11
8.3
8.9
9.2
9.8
239
417
243
216
197
341
282
302
301
313
1.80
1.90
1.50
.700
1.30
2.40
.670
.750
.660
<.010
.080
<.010
--
--
.030
<.010
.020
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 93
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station numberLocal number
(pi. 3)Date
sampled
Well depth
(ft)
Specific conduc
tance (US/cm)
pH (stan dard units)
Water temper
ature
Hard ness (as
CaCO3 )
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
Magne sium, Sodium,
dissolved dissolved (Mg) (Na)
Quaternary Alluvium
430046111004301
4300571 11 00380 I 1
430331111013301 1
430356111013000
430441111003601
430444111003701
430527111011601
430621111012100
430626111014501
430924111021001
430951111010800
431030111020300
431041111011801
424913110441901
424919110444401
415620110462800
422402110462501
423319110395201
414749110410101
414750110323001
414957110321501
415218110294501
415450110574501
415555110572001
420106110555401
420526110530801
421145111014801
423214110525101
35-119-15ddd01
35-119-14cbc01
36-119-34cbd01
36-119-34bacOO
36-119-26bcc01
36-119-26bcb01
36-119-22caa01
36-119-15bddOO
36-119-15bcc01
37-118-31baa01
37-118-29cab01
37-118-19dcbOO
37-118-20cba01
33-116-30bbb01
NE
23-118-26ddb01
28-117-19bcc01
NE
21-117-15cad01
21-116-14aaa01
21-116-OlbbOl
22-115-20cba01
22-119-05ccc01
23-119-32bda01
24-119-33ac01
NE
26-119-31cb01
30-118-33dbd01
07-27-92
10-05-93
11-20-93
10-07-93
09-10-71
10-16-94
08-05-94
10-16-94
07-26-92
09-08-71
10-04-93
09-12-93
09-08-71
09-08-71
09-12-93
09-10-93
09-10-93
06-24-75
05-20-94
09-13-94
08-02-94
06-23-95
05-26-58
11-07-72
11-08-72
06-15-94
04-16-56
04-16-56
04-16-56
06-11-95
09-21-71
08-03-94
30
30
75
85
60
140
110
110
110
210
50
160
300
110
100
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
55
Spring
21
Spring
Spring
28
35.40
22
Spring
59
Spring
598
582
544
379
535
472
466
467
839
432
582
601
602
426
459
384
319
350
388
325
250
1,590
772
579
420
463
864
516
855
606
576
410
7.5
7.6
7.9
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.3
7.2
7.6
7.7
7.5
7.6
7.9
7.5
8.0
8.0
7.8
8.0
8.2
7.6
7.4
8.0
-
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.6
10.5
8.5
7.0
8.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
9.5
9.0
10.0
8.5
18.0
8.5
-
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
11.5
5.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
6.0
9.0
3.5
11.0
5.5
7.5
8.5
6.5
-
290
270
190
270
240
250
240
-
130
260
120
310
220
240
200
-
190
200
160
120
380
360
280
-
-
344
260
330
300
310
210
-
84
70
48
77
65
62
62
-
42
72
34
86
62
58
71
-
59
63
45
36
70
95
79
-
-
84
62
60
84
81
60
-
20
23
18
20
20
22
21
-
6.6
20
7.9
24
17
22
5.0
-
11
11
12
6.9
49
31
19
-
-
32
26
43
22
26
15
-
5.5
6.0
3.0
8.6
2.0
2.4
2.2
-
42
6.5
82
5.5
2.1
3.0
Quaternary
2.5
-
Quaternary
1.6
1.4
1.4
2.1
Quaternary
200
36
18
-
-
51
9.6
72
8.2
8.1
3.8
94 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- adsorp- slum, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
and Colluvium Continued
0.1 0.7
.2 .9
.1 .6
.2 .9
.1 .6
.1 .5
.1 .7
2 4.3
.2 .9
3 7.3
.1 1.1
.1 .7
.1 .7
Glacial Deposits
.1 .6
Landslide Deposits
0 .7
0 .4
0 .5
.1 .3
Terrace Deposits
4 2.6
.8 -- 327
.5 2.8
1.2 - 292
0.3 - 246
2 - 379
.2 0.8
.2 1.8 320
.1 .7
Car bonate (C03)
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
0
0
0
0
--
0
--
Alka linity,
total as (CaC03)
242
245
171
240
217
205
210
218
240
283
307
220
244
207
189
211
104
67
300
--
252
--
--
216
--
216
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
27
27
17
33
17
16
16
2.8
26
32
8.8
9.5
9.8
2.7
1.6
3.4
60
54
400
130
43
100
64
130
100
52
9.1
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
9.5
8.4
4.0
6.9
.7
1.5
1.3
1
7.6
4.3
0
1.5
2.1
.2
3.6
.9
.5
.5
83
22
14
69
10
25
5.7
7.3
1.2
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
0.20
<10
.10
.10
<10
.10
<.10
.30
.20
1.9
.20
.20
.20
.10
.10
.20
.10
.20
.90
--
.30
--
0.30
.20
.20
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
7.9
9.3
5.8
8.2
8.5
9.1
8.8
15
7.6
47
11
12
12
8.8
5.7
6.3
5.4
9.0
11
17
14
--
--
18
17
11
Dissolved solids, Nitrogen, sum of NO2+NO3 ,
con- dissolved stituents (as N)
337 7.20
305 3.10
214 2.60
316 3.80
271 5.30
306 14.0
256 5.90
272 3.80
303 4.10
388 <.050
351 4.60
242 1.10
257 .640
216
197
214
190
150
1,010 .080
501
347
510
297
521
363
351
231
Phos phorus,
total (P)
<0.010
.020
.020
--
<.010
<.010
<.010
--
<.010
.010
--
--
<.010
--
------
--
.030
-
--
---
--_
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 95
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station numberLocal number
(pi. 3)Date
sampled
Well depth
(ft)
Specific conduc tance
(nS/cm)
pH (stan dard units)
Water temper
ature (°C)
Hard ness (as
CaCO3)
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Undifferentiated
414007110172501
415210110303501
415730110160301
20-114-33ddb01
22-115-1901
23-113-20cbd01
07-31-95
07-31-95
05-26-58
06-13-94
881
881
Spring
900
3,590
3,590
542
1,240
8.7
8.7
7.9
9.6
14.5
14.5
14.5
12.0
8
7
9
3
1
1
2
.4
.3
.8
.6
1.0
1.0
.5
.25
860
860
130
280
Salt Lake and
423958110591600
424828110533601
425430110582001
430544110595800
430550111011401
430921111003800
430519111005801
430528111010201
430543111010301
431224111014001
414546110195401
414555110232701
413625111023001
414343110560701
420310110535701
31-lI9-15ccOO
33-118-34aaa01
34-119-24ddc01
36-119-23abcOO
36-119-22abb01
37-118-33babOO
36-119-22dbd01
36-119-22dba01
36-119-22abd01
NE
21-114-34aba01
21-114-30dcd01
19-121-25aad01
20-120-12cad01
24-119-23bab01
09-14-71
09-15-94
09-10-71
09-10-71
07-25-92
09-08-71
08-06-94
08-06-94
07-26-92
08-10-93
06-25-95
06-26-95
07-07-72
06-20-95
05-31-94
70
Spring
Spring
126
220
Spring
309
105
-
Spring
142
65
Spring
Spring
Spring
506
290
394
450
525
494
582
607
664
383
1,570
1,310
696
605
525
7.4
7.5
8.0
7.5
7.6
7.4
7.6
7.6
7.2
7.6
7.6
7.5
8.2
7.9
7.8
7.0
9.0
8.0
9.0
7.5
8.0
9.0
8.0
9.5
7.0
8.0
18.0
11.0
13.0
7.0
240
-
210
250
-
270
300
320
-
210
420
400
240
280
-
72
-
53
64
-
75
80
84
--
51
120
73
58
73
-
15
-
18
21
-
21
25
26
-
19
30
52
24
24
-
14
-
1.0
2.7
-
2.9
8.1
8.0
-
0.9
Bridger
190
130
Fowkes
58
17
-
Laney Member of
414517110240701
414625110192001
414708110140001
415210110082201
415445110111501
415858110111201
420430110191901
21-114-31cbb01
21-114-26bcc01
21-113-21adc01
22-112-20dac01
22-113-OlcdbOl
23-113-12ccd01
24-112-08cbb01
06-26-95
06-26-95
06-23-65
06-25-95
10-19-65
05-22-94
09-12-64
05-21-94
10-17-77
06-28-66
155
155
180
55
616
616
-
Spring
150
1,050
1,050
2,350
5,540
1,990
1,990
1,450
1,440
1,300
971
9.5
9.5
8.1
7.4
9.4
9.6
9.5
9.6
7.8
8.2
8.5
8.5
12.0
10.0
11.0
11.5
13.0
12.0
7.5
11.0
7
7
14
1,600
0
1
2
2
370
310
1
1
5
330
ND
0
68
58
.2
.2
.0
.4
.9
.5
1.0
1.0
.4
180
ND
.1
ND
0.17
48
40
200
200
550
860
500
480
360
330
160
110
414311110253401 20-115-17ada01 11-06-76 Spring 5,000 9.9 6.0 27
Wilkins Peak Member of
1.3 5.7 1,100
96 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- adsorp- slum, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
Alka- Car- linity,
bonate total as (C03) (CaC03 )
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
Dissolved solids, sum of con
stituents
Nitrogen, Phos- NO2+NO3 , phorus, dissolved total
(as N) (P)
Tertiary Rocks
140
140
19
75
1.4
1.3
320
.5
1,080
1,080
--
430
280
290
27
170
330
340
6.0
19
2.8
3.3
--
1.2
8.2
8.2
9.1
9.7
2,140
2,160
338
744
--
--
--
--
Teewinot Formations
.4
0
.1
.1
.2
.2
0
Formation
4
3
Formation
1.6
.4
the Green
33
33
63
9
0
180
100
110
4
3
1.2
.7 207
.8
.8
.9
.9
.5
.5
1.6
5.1 313
1.6
River Formation
.5
.5
1.0
4.2
1.0
.9 698
0.6 514
.9 476
1.2
2.0 334
255
0
259
285
323
309
213
364
323
0
243
329
360
272
380
886
204 912
136
156 650
290
0
50
30
4.3
0.3
9.1
22
2.3
420
350
52
51
120
120
750
2,600
140
130
100
110
400
230
6.7
2.1
2.7
2.4
4.2
4.1
0.7
48
29
42
23
17
17
82
250
29
29
18
16
18
22
.20
.30
.10
.20
.20
.20
<.10
.60
.20
.40
.40
.90
1.0
1.9
.30
5.3
4.4
1.9
1.6
0.40
.50
20
10
9.9
12
19
14
5.3
12
25
41
10
12
12
7.4
10
11
10
11
22
18
315
236
263
287
337
349
206
1,050
859
438
346
551
570
1,560
4,480
1,220
1,200
875
860
890
650
0.200
..
.480
.200
<.050 0.020
<.050 <010
<.050 .010
<.050 <.010
--
--
.330 .020
.330 .020
--
.210 .010
--
--
--
<0.100 0.010
--
the Green River Formation
93 2.2 ,890 200 310 10 2,780 .080 .240
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 97
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station number
415511110414101
Local number (pi. 3)
22-117-04abc01
Date sampled
10-20-77
07-11-95
Well depth
(ft)
Spring
Spring
Specific conduc tance
(nS/cm)
400
450
PH (stan dard units)
7.4
7.6
Water temper
ature (°C)
6.5
7.5
Hard ness (as
CaCO3 )
210
-
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
46
-
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
Angelo
23
-
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Member of
11
-
Fossil Butte Member of
413654110470701
413715110470701
413941110402201
414254110505001
414358110420501
414458110495301
414539110415601
414617110440901
414717110433001
415212110462201
415757110433301
415758110433301
413502110531101
413658110421701
413803110531701
413806110524601
413825110513101
414055110293601
414312110480501
414707110485901
414708110533901
414800110442001
19-118-20cba01
19-118-20bba01
19-117-05bcb01
20-119-15dad01
20-118-12acc01
21-118-32ddc01
21-117-33abd01
21-117-30adc01
21-117-20bdb01
22-118-23dac01
23-117-19aaa01
23-117-17ccc01
19-119-32dad01
19-118-24caa01
19-119-17aac01
19-119-16bac01
19-119-10cda01
20-116-26cdd01
20-118-18bac01
21-118-21acc01
21-119-23acc01
21-117-18ac01
06-23-95
11-06-76
06-23-95
06-12-95
05-22-95
06-13-95
06-21-95
06-13-95
06-13-95
06-13-95
06-16-93
07-11-95
07-11-95
06-13-72
06-22-95
11-06-76
07-19-83
06-07-72
11-06-76
06-22-95
06-22-95
06-22-95
11-06-76
07-30-95
06-12-95
06-21-95
06-24-95
09-22-71
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
200
200
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
755
720
833
675
1,060
980
1,150
990
1,210
1,120
570
345
310
485
656
1,500
-
530
590
579
850
855
970
1,050
650
111
652
1,740
7.5
7.3
7.4
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.6
7.4
7.7
7.7
7.8
8.0
8.2
7.5
7.7
-
-
7.9
7.5
7.4
7.5
8.0
7.1
7.4
7.6
7.5
7.5
6.0
6.5
6.0
6.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
10.0
6.5
6.0
6.5
6.5
6.5
-
-
7.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
6.5
8.0
10.5
6.0
7.0
10.0
6.0
-
380
400
320
530
-
630
430
570
460
280
170
-
240
310
17
12
-
290
290
-
-
210
-
320
350
300
900
-
77
84
57
110
-
140
100
130
100
57
37
-
55
70
52
35
-
60
63
-
-
41
-
81
81
92
200
-
45
45
44
63
-
67
44
60
52
33
19
-
25
33
10
7.7
-
35
33
-
-
26
-
29
37
16
97
-
22
26
17
25
-
18
40
45
53
9.7
6.4
-
Was ate h
5.3
14
300
330
-
7.9
10
-
--
130
-
4.7
26
20
90
98 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas-adsorp- sium, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
Alka-Car- linity,
bonate total as (C03) (CaC03 )
Dissolvedsolids, Nitrogen, Phos-
Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum of NO2+NO3 , phorus, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved con- dissolved
(S04) (Cl) (F) (SiO2) stituents (as N)total (P)
the Green River Formation
0.3 2.4 210 15 5.0 .40 14 243 .820 .020
the Green River Formation
.5
.6
.4
.5
.3
.8
.8
1
.3
.2
Formation
.1
.3
10
13
.2
.3
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.8
1.3
2.1
.4
1.7
.5
1.2 281
1.4
4.8
3.6
1.0
1.0
332
320
253
287
326
280
268
195
202
162
0
248
145
180
263
262
83
83
84
260
300
260
400
400
87
6.0
12
22
590
600
32
27
18
33
15
24
20
6.8
17
11
12
2.6
6.7
48
38
50
12
12
.40
.40
.60
.50
.30
.30
.30
.20
.30
.70
.30
.30
1.0
.80
.30
.40
7.5
8.3
11
12
12
28
20
21
11
14
7.9
7.6
6.0
6.9
7.1
7.8
455
479
389
679
764
653
836
757
351
193
263
349
1,090
1,140
317
319
.090
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
.220
.300
.800
_
.010
.010
.010
2.2 249 190 48 0.80 597 <0.100 0.010
0.1
.6
.5
1
1.2
2.6
5.1
1.4
295
271
195
273
22
80
100
790
18
44
18
16
.20
.40
.40
.30
7.4
13
11
26
344
450
393
1,380 .040
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 99
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station number
414925110473001
414954110493701
415038110451001
415117110541301
415411110242301
415640110195001
415839110241901
415839110261901
420611110392801
420754110423701
420958110192701
421258110100401
421446110435701
421501110115001
421504110195501
421512110132601
421540110114101
421545110452001
421551110120701
421554110112901
425851110471201
414758110474701
414811110405201
415415110373001
415515110373001
425840110383200
413758110342000
415315110333001
415509110355501
415631110325701
Local number (pi. 3)
21-118-02cc01
21-118-04bcb01
22-118-25dda01
22-119-26cbc01
22-115-12adb01
23-114-27cbc01
23-115-13bbd01
23-115-15bad01
25-116-32ccb01
25-117-23cdc01
25-114-12daa01
26-112-21ccb01
26-117-16bbd01
26-112-07bcd01
26-114-12db01
26-113-llacOl
26-112-06acc01
26-117-05ccc01
26-112-06bcd01
21-112-06acd01
23-118-llccdOl
21-118-15dba01
21-117-15acb01
22-116-0701
22-116-06ab01
35-116-36bOO
19-116-18bd01
22-116-l5add01
22-116-05ada01
23-116-26cad01
Date sampled
10-18-71
06-16-93
10-20-77
06-21-95
06-15-94
05-25-66
06-14-94
06-14-94
08-01-95
08-01-95
07-29-95
08-20-76
07-11-95
08-20-76
06-07-86
06-16-66
08-20-76
09-14-94
08-20-76
08-20-76
05-20-94
06-13-95
06-23-95
05-26-58
09-30-71
11-06-72
07-12-72
10-05-72
06-16-94
09-29-71
10-20-77
08-02-95
Well depth
(ft)
350
Spring
465
Spring
Spring
-
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
300
Spring
265
Spring
145
92
Spring
55
85
Spring
Spring
264
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
100
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Specific conduc tance
(^S/cm)
1,980
920
8,500
770
940
1,380
723
801
373
633
583
2,600
349
3,400
470
1,010
2,050
377
2,200
1,600
469
997
7,680
494
1,280
1,250
303
3,790
560
630
880
812
pH (stan dard units)
8.4
-
8.0
7.4
7.7
8.5
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.7
-
7.5
-
-
8.2
-
7.7
-
-
7.5
7.4
8.3
7.9
-
7.9
7.9
7.5
7.6
-
7.4
7.4
Water temper
ature (°C)
7.5
8.5
9.5
13.0
6.5
9.5
9.0
6.0
8.0
10.5
8.0
17.0
4.5
12.0
-
8.0
18.0
5.0
21.0
12.0
5.5
8.5
12.0
-
11.0
12.0
6.0
9.0
7.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
Hard ness (as
CaCO3 )
10
-
190
-
430
230
300
-
190
-
230
12
200
410
240
490
570
-
730
150
240
410
190
210
-
730
140
2,000
260
-
300
380
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
3.1
-
49
-
94
24
88
-
61
-
59
2.5
76
67
50
86
46
-
79
17
76
88
30
66
-
210
37
520
70
-
88
99
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
0.6
-
16
-
48
42
19
-
9.1
-
20
1.3
3.3
60
27
68
110
-
130
27
12
47
29
10
-
49
11
180
21
-
19
33
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Wasatch
410
-
2,000
-
41
240
38
-
1.7
-
37
590
2.1
450
7.0
43
290
-
250
300
2.4
Evanston
48
1,800
22
-
11
Blind Bull
9.3
Milliard
240
17
-
8.0
47
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- adsorp- slum, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
Alka- Car- Unity,
bonate total as (CO3) (CaCO3)
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
Dissolved solids, sum of
con stituents
Nitrogen, Phos- NO2+NO3 , phorus, dissolved total
(as N) (P)
Formation-Continued
56
63
.9
7
1
0
1
75
.1
10
.2
.8
5
4
11
.1
Formation
1
56
.7
.2
Formation
0.3
Shale
2
.5
.2
1
2.7
6.9
2.5
1.0 333
1.4
<0.1
1.9
1.5
.8
4.1
1.1
1.0 235
3.0
4.9
2.2
1.4
3.1
23
246
1.9
1.0
14
1.0
1.9
1.9 340
345
180
254
33
258
165
211
520
198
210
173
0
417
304
445
213
266
522
0
140
141
217
230
250
0 278
300
510
220
370
91
14
90
220
3.0
260
69
360
610
580
240
36
230
1,100
38
600
21
2,100
62
50
170
250
2,700
20
18
28
1.1
5.0
420
0.9
680
7.4
18
110
270
98
2.6
30
1,600
7.5
12
1.0
140
8.1
4.5
25
1.8
1.0
.20
.70
.20
.10
.20
7.0
.10
.50
.40
.40
.80
.80
1.6
.20
.50
2.2
--
1.8
0.40
.40
.20
.10
.30
7.1
6.2
15
19
19
6.6
20
6.8
6.1
10
6.3
17
12
10
8.7
9.0
12
4.7
29
8.2
5.7
7.3
11
14
11
1,180
5,400
602
915
422
194
361
1,560
213
1,660
272
705
1,430
1,510
962
272
625
4,910
295
978
172
3,340
323
333
554
.110
.030 .010
--
-
--
--
.180 <.010
.010 .030
--
.060 <.010
.110
.020 .010
.150 .010
.060 .040
..
-
<.050 .020
--
0.160
1.80--
.070 0.010
_
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 101
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station number
414053110314501
414440110030001
415541110363001
415944110305301
Local number (pi. 3)
20-116-28dcc01
20-112-03 01
23-116-32cab01
23-115-06ccd01
Date sampled
11-05-76
05-26-58
10-20-77
06-16-94
09-29-71
10-20-77
06-16-94
Well depth
(ft)
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Specific conduc tance
(|iS/cm)
1,170
1,470
315
323
670
535
721
PH (stan dard
units)
9.8
7.3
7.4
7.6
-
8.1
7.7
Water temper
ature (°C)
6.5
-
6.0
6.0
6.5
5.0
7.0
Hard ness (as
CaCO3 )
5
740
170
170
-
200--
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
1.4
190
63
60
--
61-
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
.4
64
4.0
3.8
-
11-
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Frontier
260
68
1.3
1.4
-
44-
Sage Junction
413819110565501
413450110332201
414406110304801
415427110294701
420023110285401
421541110313801
430635110503401
430806110515401
430816110520501
430846110524200
431158110520801
431252110500800
431300110483300
414712110275001
415243110281701
420928110283201
425435110433001
425830110460001
19-120-lldcdOl
19-116-32ca01
20-116-10bda01
22-115-08bba01
24-115-32cbd01
26-115-07bba01
36-117-18dc01
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
21-115-21add01
22-115-21baa01
25-115-14bac01
34-116-19d01
35-117-35a01
05-20-95
09-11-64
06-14-72
06-26-95
11-06-72
06-14-94
10-20-77
06-16-94
07-13-95
09-14-71
09-10-93
09-09-93
09-08-71
08-03-93
09-08-71
09-09-93
09-08-71
09-08-93
11-08-94
06-17-94
06-15-94
08-14-72
10-18-77
09-14-71
09-14-71
Spring
Spring
Spring
100
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
-
-
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
856
8,000
10,200
1,460
619
616
625
949
590
390
328
359
336
326
317
330
354
353
692
720
484
780
510
446
402
7.7
-
8.4
7.7
8.1
8.8
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.7
7.5
8.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.7
8.3
8.7
7.8
7.6
7.3
8.2
7.8
8.0
15.5
12.5
9.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
12.0
9.0
9.0
6.5
17.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.5
6.5
7.0
7.5
10.5
10.5
390
-
78
340
180
51
230
300
270
180
-
-
130
-
140
150
150
150
46
42
-
390
220
260
210
100
--
23
58
51
12
66
90
77
62
--
-
45
-
51
53
54
53
8.3
6.7-
120
68
76
66
33
-
5.1
47
12
5.2
16
18
19
7.1
-
-
5.0
--
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.6
6.1
6.1
-
21
12
16
12
27
Aspen
-
2,200
170
74
120
56
85
19
12
-
-
21
-
9.7
9.8
14
14
Bear River
150
150
-
24
17
1.0
3.5
102 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- adsorp- slum, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
Formation
50
1
0
0
1
Formation
.6
Shale
110
4
2
7
2
2
.5
.4
.8
0.4
.3
.5
.5
Formation
10
10
.5
.5
0
.1
0.5
478
.4
.4
2.9
2.0
3.5 439
4.0
.7
.4
1.7
2.0
2.5
1.6 238
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.3
1.6
1.1
2.7
2.3
0.4 293
1.6 247
Alka- Car- Unity,
bonate total as (C03) (CaC03)
536
0
160
163
230
294
4
248
258
262
230
234
243
0
170
167
167
180
181
291
287
_.
--
0
0
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
43
400
11
12
59
38
0.8
230
56
29
76
130
37
14
9.0
6.8
6.6
17
12
68
62
170
57
3.3
9.0
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
9.5
57
0.8
1.0
13
65
3,100
160
16
21
31
79
20
3.1
1.3
0.7
.6
1.4
.5
12
20
16
8.4
3.1
3.1
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
5.2
--
.10
.10
.20
.20
2.0
.50
.60
1.2
.50
.50
.40
.30
.30
0.30
.30
1.0
1.3
.50
.50
.50
.50
.20
.30
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
12
11
7.3
7.5
12
7.7
11
9.7
17
13
11
10
12
8.4
12
17
16
9.8
9.5
9.0
9.5
11
9.4
7.9
7.5
Dissolved solids, sum of
con
stituents
656
1,030
187
184
341
444
5,570
875
382
365
396
550
334
228
197
192
195
212
202
430
428
505
283
254
226
Nitrogen, Phos- NO2+NO3 , phorus, dissolved total
(as N) (P)
.540 .040
--
.050 .030
--
.020 <.010
--
7.90 <.010
--
--
.050 .010
--
--
--
.060
0.170
--
.140
-
-
--.
.200
.030 0.010
-
_
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 103
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station number
430345110510601
430430110503501
Local number (pi. 3)
36-117-31bcd01
36-117-30dbb01
Date sampled
09-14-71
08-11-93
09-14-71
Well depth
(ft)
Spring
Spring
Spring
Specific conduc
tance (MS/cm)
520
455
423
pH (stan dard
units)
-
7.8
8.0
Water temper
ature (°C)
6.5
7.0
5.0
Hard ness (as
CaCO3)
240
230
210
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
66
72
64
Magne sium, Sodium,
dissolved dissolved (Mg) (Na)
18
12
13
Bear River
7.2
7.0
9.0
Thomas Fork
413819110580101
413510111010401
414321110582801
415230110270701
415635110282801
415645110281701
420533110533501
421558110571301
421642110431901
422036110572800
423340110544000
423348110523000
431306110472400
425552110425801
19-120-10ddc01
19-120-32cbb01
20-120-15bad01
22-115-22bda01
23-115-29dbb01
23-115-29acd01
24-119-28bdb01
26-119-02ccb01
27-117-34cdc01
27-119-10dabOO
30-118-29bb01
30-118-35ac01
NE
34-116-17bdb01
05-20-95
05-21-95
06-20-95
05-22-94
06-14-94
10-17-77
06-14-94
09-17-71
07-24-94
07-11-95
09-16-71
09-14-71
07-09-72
09-08-71
09-09-93
09-09-93
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
670
1,030
1,450
396
462
225
396
587
430
356
438
407
352
241
240
437
-
-
8.5
8.3
7.8
7.5
7.9
7.5
7.7
7.3
7.6
7.6
8.0
7.4
7.7
7.7
7.0
9.0
9.0
9.5
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
4.5
5.0
7.0
4.5
7.0
8.0
5.0
-
-
57
70
-
180
190
310
-
190
200
200
180
100
110
230
-
-
7.8
17
-
49
50
91
-
59
53
48
57
29
32
67
-
--
9.1
6.6
-
15
15
21
-
10
16
19
8.8
7.8
7.7
15
-
Gannett
-
280
60
-
15
15
7.6
--
1.9
13
10
5.1
8.2
5.4
Stump
3.0
Preuss Sandstone
422333110575500
422802110575901
422828110581200
414708110533101
420906110582301
421557110263201
422409110323701
424730110550000
28-119-27badOO
29-119-26cac01
29-119-26bbc01
21-119-23acd01
NE
26-115-OlcbcOl
28-116-24ada01
32-118-06aa01
09-15-71
09-17-94
07-24-94
09-15-71
09-15-94
06-24-95
06-10-95
07-13-95
08-07-94
09-10-71
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
1,350
1,170
249,000
1,260
1,670
466
595
354
320
526
7.6
8.3
6.9
7.7
7.7
7.4
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.6
9.0
10.0
10.0
8.5
9.0
9.0
9.0
5.5
6.0
7.0
310
-
4,100
220
-
210
290
190
-
280
88
-
1,300
70
-
65
76
64
-
82
21
-
200
12
-
11
25
7.8
-
18
150
-
120,000
170
-
Twin Creek
12
11
2.5
-
4.0
104 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- adsorp- slum, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
Formation Contin ued
.2 .9 300
.2 .7
.3 1.6 256
Formation
Group
16 1.1
3 .6
.5 1.2
.5 1.1
.2 1.4
.1 1.1
.4 .7
.3 .8
.2 .7
.3 1.0
.2 .8
Formation
0.1 0.4
or Preuss Redbeds
4 2.3
820 1.7
5 1.2
Limestone
.4 2.3
.3 .9
.1 .8
Alka-
Car- Unity, bonate total as (C03) (CaC03)
0
242
0
314
181
200
196
175
171
211
220
194
107
103
235
226
26
200
135
219
189
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
4.9
4.1
16
180
12
17
9.9
130
3.7
7.0
4.0
7.1
21
18
4.4
99
1,600
67
75
86
3.0
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
5.2
.9
2.1
140
13
6.2
7.7
4.3
4.3
7.5
1.7
2.1
1.4
.9
0.8
200
75,000
210
11
7.7
1.4
Dissolved solids, Nitrogen, Phos-
Fluoride, Silica, sum of NO2+NO3 , phorus, dissolved dissolved con- dissolved total
(F) (SiO2) stituents (as N) (P)
.20
<.10
.30
2.3
.30
.20
.20
.20
<.10
.20
.10
0
.20
.20
0.20
.20
<.10
.10
.50
.10
.10
8.8
7.9
7.9
8.5
8.2
14
14
14
5.1
9.7
12
9.2
7.6
7.1
9.1
12
14
12
15
14
9.3
257
250
242
824
227
238 .460 .010
232
378 .810
193
243 2.10
228 .190
208 .320
141 .040
137
232
715 1.60
198,000
664 0.350
283
354
203
1.0 230 67 .20 12 326 .130
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 105
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station number
414721110503401
415540110511300
415616110512001
415704111003701
420120110250301
420429110504301
420430110505701
421211110261901
421313110255001
421405110275601
422821110395800
423632110394401
423645110395401
423654110393901
424356110394201
424647110550501
430602110423501
430713110425401
415242110502001
415304110501601
420837110490801
420958110242401
423116110420901
423435110440501
424955110595500
425003110595001
Local number (pi. 3)
21-118-20bbd01
23-118-31dcaOO
23-118-30dcc01
23-120-26ab01
24-115-35abc01
24-118-08cba01
24-118-07daa01
26-115-26adc01
26-115-24dcd01
26-115-15cdb01
29-116-28bcbOO
NE
NE
NE
NE
32-118-07abaOl
NE
NE
22-118-17dcc01
22-118-17dbb01
25-118-23aba01
25-114-08daa01
29-116-07bbb01
NE
33-119-23ac01
33-119-23abd01
Date sampled
06-21-95
06-24-75
06-17-93
06-17-93
04-16-56
06-16-94
06-11-95
06-11-95
10-18-77
07-29-95
10-18-77
07-13-95
10-15-71
08-07-94
07-07-72
09-14-71
08-02-94
09-10-93
07-15-72
08-07-94
08-12-93
09-14-71
08-12-93
06-07-65
09-22-71
06-16-93
06-16-93
06-24-95
07-30-95
08-25-71
08-04-93
08-04-93
09-10-71
07-26-92
Well depth
(ft)
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
230
Spring
Spring
Spring
600
600
600
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
195
Specific conduc
tance (nS/cm)
61
229
288
315
1,270
376
591
548
380
299
320
260
185
180
178
210
180
253
605
462
239
180
245
543
631
610
609
391
535
280
295
236
8,640
409
pH (stan dard units)
6.2
7.4
7.2
7.8
7.6
7.8
8.1
8.1
7.2
7.8
8.0
7.9
8.0
8.3
8.1
-
8.0
8.3
6.8
7.8
7.8
-
7.7
7.7
7.4
-
7.4
7.9
7.9
-
7.9
7.9
6.6
7.6
Water temper
ature
7.0
6.5
7.0
8.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
3.5
3.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
5.0
11.0
7.5
5.0
6.0
-
10.0
11.0
8.5
6.5
7.0
4.5
3.0
4.0
55.0
21.0
Hard ness (as
CaCO3 )
25
100
-
200
360
180
290
-
180
150
170
150
95
-
93
91
91
-
320
240
110
130
-
260
310
-
300
210
-
-
-
120
1,300
Magne- Calcium, sium, Sodium, dissolved dissolved dissolved
(Ca) (Mg) (Na)
7.7
31
-
61
77
57
71
-
64
50
51
44
29
-
25
29
25
-
89
50
24
39
-
47
69
-
75
57
-
-
-
35
420
1.3
5.8
-
12
40
9.1
27
-
5.9
5.8
11
8.9
5.5
-
7.5
4.4
7.0
-
23
27
12
6.8
-
34
33
-
28
16
-
-
-
8.6
69
Nugget
2.3
8.0
-
7.2
150
8.0
6.8
-
3.8
3.6
4.3
3.4
1.4
-
1.5
1.5
1.6
-
2.1
3.6
5.7
1.5
-
Thaynes
18
18
-
12
3.4
-
-
-
1.0
1,400
106 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- adsorp- sium, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
Sandstone
.2
.3
.2
3
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
0
0.1
.2
.1
Limestone
.5
.4
.3
.1
0
171
.5
1.6
1.3
366
1.0
.8
.9
.8 184
.6
.7
.9
.9 106
.4 110
.3
.4 153
1.3
0.7
.9 150
3.9
3.1
2.1
.6
.2
50
Alka- Car- linity,
bonate total as (C03) (CaC03)
19
98
153
0
175
203
190
0 151
170
140
100
0
0
87
0
175
102
0
179
240
230
197
119
681
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
4.1
9.1
13
330
9.0
110
4
3
5
3
2.8
4.1
4.9
7.2
190
69
19
2.5
97
97
95
9.0
6.2
1,300
Chloride, Fluoride, dissolved dissolved
(Cl) (F)
1.9 <.10
9.1 .20
11 .20
50
11 <.10
3.8 .20
2.7 .10
2.5 <.10
3.2 .10
2.4 .90
1.2 ND
1.7 .10
2.1 .20
.5 .20
1.0 .30
2.5 0.20
0.9 <.10
2.1 .20
10 .50
7.7 .40
8.3 .30
1.6 .10
" 3 ;, 01,900 .20
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
9.1
17
13
--
8.0
14
11
13
18
14
5.3
8.5
8.0
7.6
7.1
10
9.5
10
13
14
9.5
9.5
4.7
40
Dissolved solids, Nitrogen, Phos- sum of NO2+NO3 , phorus,
con- dissolved total stituents (as N) (P)
40
141
210
824
211
360
209 .610 .010
170
198 .250 .040
165
107 .130
104
103
103
388
270 <0.050 <0.010
134
136
331
386 .020
351
222
128
5,690 .050
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 107
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Station number
420408110493601
420415110494401
424946110594001
422327110361901
423126110420401
415150110495501
415230110494801
430800110412700
431158110562500
414950111013001
421443110470400
423155110421501
423230110421501
425132110380301
421702110201501
423148110411601
424440110505001
425040110513000
430838110582200
425951110562201
Local number (pl. 3)
24-118-09ccc01
24-118-08dda01
33-119-23daa01
28-116-28aac01
29-116-06cca01
22-118-29aab01
22-118-20ad01
NE
NE
21-120-10da01
26-117.5-13badOO
NE
NE
33-116-12b01
26-114-OlbacOl
29-116-06add01
NE
33-118-13acc01
37-118-34dcdOO
NE
Date sampled
06-11-95
06-11-95
07-26-92
09-16-94
08-05-93
06-11-65
09-22-71
07-10-72
09-08-71
09-08-93
09-23-71
09-11-71
09-13-94
09-14-71
09-14-71
08-04-93
07-13-72
09-15-65
08-17-76
11-18-76
08-05-93
09-14-71
10-04-93
09-10-71
09-08-71
09-15-94
Well depth
(ft)
Spring
Spring
-
Spring
Spring
530
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
191
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Specific conduc
tance (US/cm)
430
515
444
271
174
4,830
1,650
264
309
294
839
237
237
178
210
188
310
355
375
-
506
186
189
338
360
287
PH (stan dard units)
7.7
7.8
7.5
8.0
8.4
7.8
7.5
7.6
7.9
8.0
7.4
7.7
8.0
8.1
-
7.2
6.6
7.7
7.3
7.5
8.0
8.2
8.3
7.8
8.1
8.3
Water temper
ature (°C)
9.0
6.5
22.0
5.0
5.0
-
9.5
4.0
6.0
5.0
14.0
3.5
5.0
4.0
3.5
4.5
4.5
-
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
4.0
Hard ness (as
CaCO3)
-
250
-
-
90
2,400
840
140
170
160
330
130
120
90
100
96
170
180
-
190
270
93
98
170
200
160
Magne- Calcium, sium, dissolved dissolved
(Ca) (Mg)
-
54
-
-
23
2
530
230
41
41
39
75
37
33
27
29
23
45
46
-
48
72
29
25
46
41
36
-
28-
-
8.0
Phosphoria
260
65
9.2
16
15
34
8.2
8.0
5.6
6.8
9.3
13
16
-
17
21
5.0
8.6
14
24
16
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Woodside
-
5.7
-
Dinwoody
-
0.7
Formation
420
70
Tensleep
.3
1.0
.7
Wells
50
1.8
1.8
0.5
.5
.6
.9
Madison
1.2
-
2.3
.8
ND
.4
.8
1.6
Darby
.4
108 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- Alka-adsorp- sium, Bicar- Car- Unity,
tion dissolved bonate bonate total asratio (K) (HC03) (CO3) (CaCO3 )
Dissolvedsolids,
Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride, Silica, sum of dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved con-
(SO4) (Cl) (F) (SiO2) stituents
Nitrogen, Phos-NO2+NO3 , phorus,dissolved total
(as N) (P)
Shale
.2 1.0 215 56 3.6 .30 11 293
Formation
0 .4 91 4.1 .4 .30 5.3 91 --
and related rocks
4
1
Sandstone
0
0
0
Formation
1
0.1
.1
0
0
0
0
Limestone
0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
Formation
0
51
7.9
.3
.3
.3
3.1
0.7
.4
.7 104
.2 110
.3
.3 196
.4
.6
.6
.7 101
.2
.5
.6
.3
146
238
135
167
161
225
118
108
0
0
85
0
162
160
163
0
85
162
203
157
2,600
650
3.1
3.3
3.1
160
1.0
13
4.1
12
11
10
19
28
120
9.9
11
28
3.8
1.5
360
51
1.0
.9
.4
48
1.4
0.7
1.0
3.1
.3
1.0
.8
3.1
.9
1.0
.6
1.1
.7
.4
2.6
.80
.40
.10
.10
0.50
.20
<.10
.40
.30
.20
.30
.30
.30
.40
.50
.40
.30
.10
<.10
8.3
9.2
4.5
5.4
5.0
12
8.3
7.9
5.8
5.3
4.8
3.3
5.4
5.8
4.9
4.3
4.0
5.6
7.9
3.5
4,340
1,230
143
171
161
521
131
132
100
110
102
171
186
199
311
104
105
195
202
155
--
.130
.380
.510
--
0.830
.390
--
--
--
--
--
--
.100--
----
.220
.100
._
0.010
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 109
Table 14. Physical properties and chemical analyses of water samples collected from
Local number Station number (pi. 3)
421504110183101 26-113-07c01
421509110185301 26-113-07bda01
421612110182301 26-113-06ada01
425420110522001 34-118-26aad01
431200111014500 37-118-18aabOO
430157110580500 NE
Date sampled
10-18-77
10-18-77
07-27-95
08-10-86
07-12-95
07-12-95
09-10-71
09-08-71
08-12-93
09-10-71
Well depth
(ft)
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Spring
Specific conduc
tance(^S/cm)
500
400
452
420
350
350
281
340
369
245
pH (stan dard units)
7.2
7.6
8.0
7.3
7.7
7.7
8.0
7.7
7.6
7.8
Water temper
ature (°C)
9.0
8.0
7.5
7.5
8.0
8.0
4.5
6.5
5.0
4.5
Hard ness Calcium, (as dissolved
CaCO3 ) (Ca)
270
220
210
210
250
260
150
200
-
150
59
46
44
47
57
57
35
51
-
35
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
30
25
25
23
27
28
14
18
-
14
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
Bighorn
6.9
6.0
10
5.2
12
12
ND
.9
--
1.2
^his well was part of a baseline ground-water monitoring program in Star Valley. Additional chemcial analyses for each site are available inTable 16.
2 In Wyoming, the Phosphoria Formation is synonymous with the Park City Formation (Lane, 1973, p. 4).
110 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
wells completed in and springs issuing from selected geologic units in Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium Potas- adsorp- slum, Bicar-
tion dissolved bonate ratio (K) (HCO3)
Dolomite
.2 1.3
.2 .7
.3 .8
.2 .6
.3 .4
.3 .4
0 .4 146
0 .5
0 .7
Alka- Car- linity,
bonate total as (C03) (CaC03)
230
180
172
191
191
191
0
206
148
Sulfate, Chloride, dissolved dissolved
(S04) (Cl)
33
22
40
23
56
55
21
1.3
6.3
10
7.7
15
6.7
18
18
.6
1.5
1.3
Fluoride, Silica, dissolved dissolved
(F) (Si02)
.10
.10
.20
.10
.10
.10
.20
.10
.0
8.3
7.6
6.4
6.3
7.0
7.0
7.4
5.4
4.2
Dissolved solids, sum of
con stituents
287
226
249
229
293
294
153
203
153
Nitrogen, Phos- NO2+NO3 , phorus, dissolved total
(as N) (P)
.150 .010
.650 .010
.970 <.010
.560
--
--
--
.240
.200
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 111
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd s
prin
gs is
suin
g fr
om s
elec
ted
geol
ogic
uni
ts in
Li
ncol
n C
ount
y, W
yom
ing
[Loc
al n
umbe
r:
See
text
des
crib
ing
wel
l-num
beri
ng s
yste
m in
the
sec
tion
title
d G
roun
d-W
ater
Dat
a.
Ana
lytic
al r
esul
ts i
n m
icro
gram
s pe
r lit
er; , n
o da
ta;
<, l
ess
than
; N
D, n
ot d
etec
ted]
WATER RESOUP
0
m V) 0
n i-
z o o I- 0 0 c
z H
Stat
ion
num
ber
4141
5211
0051
001
4144
5311
0271
601
4144
5911
0313
601
4146
0611
0194
601
4146
4211
0115
201
4146
4511
0121
101
4147
0811
0141
201
4147
2111
0145
701
4147
5511
0573
201
4150
5011
0333
401
4150
5811
0333
801
4151
0911
0334
101
4152
5011
0361
301
4155
5711
0571
701
4158
4111
0563
701
4200
1311
0560
901
4201
0311
0040
401
4201
1211
0325
401
4202
5311
0554
601
4202
5411
0555
801
Alu
mi
nu
m,
dis
so
lved
D
ate
(Al)
07-1
4-95
07-1
0-95
07-1
4-95
07-1
0-95
06-2
5-95
06-2
5-95
06-2
5-95
06-2
5-95
09-2
2-71
08-0
1-95
08-0
1-95
08-0
1-95
06-2
7-95
06-0
9-95
08-2
2-89
06-0
9-95
10-1
8-77
08-0
1-95
06-1
0-95
06-1
0-95
Cad
mi-
C
hro-
A
rsen
ic,
Bar
ium
, B
oron
, um
, m
ium
, C
oppe
r,
Iron
, L
ead,
di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(A
s)
(Ba)
(B
) (C
d)
(Cr)
(C
u)
(Fe)
(P
b)
Qua
tern
ary
Allu
vium
and
Col
luvi
um
24 89
1,20
0 15 <3 <3 30 4
250
33 100 58 570 <3
-
620
40
-
-
-
20 500 9 6
Man
ga-
Sele
- ne
se,
Mer
cury
, ni
um,
Silv
er,
Zin
c,
dis-
di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(M
n)
(Hg)
(S
e)
(Ag)
(Z
n)
15
210 14 17 1
23 <3
1 -
<1 15 5 2
<1
<5
63 20 39
1
<1
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd s
prin
gs is
suin
g fr
om s
elec
ted
geol
ogic
uni
ts in
Li
ncol
n C
ount
y, W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
Alu
mi
nu
m,
dis
so
lved
S
tatio
n nu
mbe
r D
ate
(Al)
Cad
mi-
A
rsen
ic,
Bar
ium
, B
oron
, um
, d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(A
s)
(Ba)
(B
) (C
d)
Ch
ro
miu
m,
Cop
per,
Ir
on,
Lead
, d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(C
r)
(Cu)
(F
e)
(Pb)
Man
ga-
S
ele-
n
ese,
M
ercu
ry,
nium
, S
ilver
, Zi
nc,
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(M
n)
(Hg)
(S
e)
(Ag)
(Z
n)
Qu
ater
nar
y A
lluvi
um a
nd C
ollu
viu
m-C
on
tin
ued
4203
4011
0583
301
06-1
0-95
06-1
0-95
4205
2511
0401
401
06-2
7-95
4205
5211
0223
301
07-2
8-95
4205
5811
0133
001
07-2
8-95
4209
0511
0111
401
07-2
9-95
4209
0611
0582
301
06-1
0-95
4211
1511
1012
701
06-1
0-95
4211
5411
0095
801
08-2
0-76
4211
5511
0100
301
08-2
0-76
4212
4511
0113
001
07-2
7-95
4212
4711
1024
601
06-0
9-95
4212
5211
0113
601
07-2
7-95
4212
5911
0102
901
08-2
0-76
- - - -- - - .. --
70 60
-- .. -
30
<3
7
<3 120 15 <3 36 6 60 80 <3 <3 <3 70
4 3 10 45 <3 <1 <]
<]
<10 <10 <]
<1
1
<10
08-1
2-89
4213
0111
1023
201
06-0
9-95
421630111015501
09-21-71
40
<5
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd s
prin
gs is
suin
g fr
om s
elec
ted
geol
ogic
uni
ts in
Li
ncol
n C
ount
y, W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
WATER
RESOURCES O
-n r- INCOLN COUNT ^
Alu
mi
num
, di
s
solv
ed
Sta
tion
num
ber
Dat
e (A
l)
4232
3811
0533
201
10-0
7-93
03-1
5-94
05-2
3-94
07-2
5-94
03-0
6-95
05-1
8-95
07-2
5-95
10-1
7-94
4236
2011
0554
000
09-2
1-71
4237
4811
0551
500
09-1
4-71
4241
2811
0585
301
08-2
3-89
4242
1611
0585
501
10-0
6-93
03-1
5-94
05-2
3-94
07-2
5-94
03-0
8-95
05-1
8-95
07-2
5-95
10-1
7-94
Cad
mi-
A
rsen
ic,
Bar
ium
, B
oron
, um
, d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(A
s)
(Ba)
(B
) (C
d)
Ch
ro-
Man
ga-
S
ele-
m
ium
, C
oppe
r,
Iron
, Le
ad,
nese
, M
ercu
ry,
nium
, d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
(Cr)
(C
u)
(Fe)
(P
b)
(Mn)
(H
g)
(Se)
Silv
er,
Zinc
, di
s-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
(A
g)
(Zn)
Qu
ater
nar
y A
lluvi
um
and
Co
llu
viu
m C
on
tin
ued
20 10 20
- ~
20 30 30
--
10 20 30 20
- -- -
20
-
6 -
1
10
-
<1
10
-
<1
~ ~ - -
-
- ~
<3
-
<1
6
<1
7
<j
6
<1
-- -- - -- -- -- <5 - - - - -- - -
.g iS
§.0
Oo
S2o
32
1£
c 3
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Q.V>
C
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^2 .0o vc <=»i|cts 5
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2 .2 > a?o -a o 03 w
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i i i'
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i i i1 ' '
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SUPPLEMENTAL DATA -\ -\ 5
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd s
prin
gs is
suin
g fr
om s
elec
ted
geol
ogic
uni
ts in
Li
ncol
n C
ount
y, W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
WATER RESOURCES O
-n r z 0 o 0 o c Z
Alu
mi
nu
m,
dis
so
lved
S
tati
on
nu
mb
er
Dat
e (A
l)
4251
3511
0592
201
10-0
6-93
03-1
7-94
05-2
4-94
07-2
6-94
10-1
8-94
05-1
8-95
03-0
7-95
07-2
5-95
4252
0011
0591
000
09-1
0-71
4255
4011
0581
801
10-0
5-93
4256
3811
1002
201
10-0
7-93
4256
3811
1002
201
03-1
7-94
05-2
3-94
07-2
5-94
03-0
6-95
05-1
9-95
07-2
6-95
10-1
7-94
Cad
mi-
A
rsen
ic,
Bar
ium
, B
oro
n,
um,
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
(As)
(B
a)
(B)
(Cd
)
Ch
ro-
Man
ga-
S
ele-
m
ium
, C
oppe
r,
Iron
, Le
ad,
nese
, M
ercu
ry,
nium
, S
ilver
, Zi
nc,
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(C
r)
(Cu)
(F
e)
(Pb)
(M
n)
(Hg)
(S
e)
(Ag
) (Z
n)
Qu
ater
nar
y A
lluvi
um
and
Co
lluvi
um
-Co
nti
nu
ed
20 30 10
30 20
- --
40 <10
<10
<10
<10 10
-- - -
<10
-- :: ::
:; ::
:: ::
:: ::
::<3
-
<i
5
<i
<3
-
<i
<3
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<1
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-
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-
<3
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<i
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<i
4-3
<3
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<i
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too
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SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 117
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd s
prin
gs is
suin
g fr
om s
elec
ted
geol
ogic
uni
ts
Linc
oln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
in
I m 3)
3) m (/> O 3) o
m
w O Tl
Sta
tion n
um
ber
Dat
e
Alu
mi
num
,dis
solv
ed
(Al)
Ars
enic
,dis
solv
ed
(As)
Bar
ium
,dis
solv
ed
(Ba)
Bo
ron
,dis
solv
ed
(B)
Ca
dm
ium
,d
is
solv
ed
(Cd)
Chro
m
ium
,dis
solv
ed
(Cr)
Cop
per,
dis
solv
ed
(Cu)
Iron
,dis
solv
ed
(Fe)
Lead
,dis
solv
ed
(Pb)
Man
ga
nese
,d
is
solv
ed
(Mn)
Mer
cury
,dis
solv
ed
(Hg)
Sel
eniu
m,
dis
solv
ed
(Se)
Silv
er,
dis
solv
ed
(Ag)
Zin
c,dis
solv
ed
(Zn)
4300
4611
1004
301
10-0
5-93
4300
5711
1003
801
03-1
6-94
05-2
4-94
07-2
6-94
10-1
8-94
03-0
7-95
07-2
6-95
05-1
9-95
4303
3111
1013
301
10-0
7-93
03-1
7-94
05-2
5-94
07-2
6-94
03-0
7-95
07-2
6-95
10-1
8-94
05-1
9-95
4303
5611
1013
000
09-1
0-71
4304
4111
1003
601
10-1
6-94
Qu
ater
nar
y A
lluvi
um
and
Co
lluvi
um
-Co
nti
nu
ed
10 20
20
20 20
-
- -
<3 4
10 20 10 10
<3 <3 <3
4
<3
4304
4411
1003
701
10-1
6-94
4306
2111
1012
100
09-0
8-71
4309
5111
1010
800
09-0
8-71
4310
3011
1020
300
09-0
8-71
<3
150 40 20
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5
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 119
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd s
prin
gs is
suin
g fr
om s
elec
ted
geol
ogic
uni
ts in
Li
ncol
n C
ount
y, W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
WATER RESOURCES O
n r .INCOLN O
O c z H
Alu
mi
num
, di
s
solv
ed
Stat
ion
num
ber
Dat
e (A
l)
4137
1511
0470
701
11-0
6-76
06-2
3-95
4139
4111
0402
201
06-1
2-95
4142
5411
0505
001
05-2
2-95
4144
5811
0495
301
06-2
1-95
4145
3911
0415
601
06-1
3-95
4146
1711
0440
901
06-1
3-95
4147
1711
0433
001
06-1
3-95
4157
5711
0433
301
07-1
1-95
4135
0211
0531
101
06-1
3-72
06-2
2-95
4136
5811
0421
701
11-0
6-76
4138
0311
0531
701
11-0
6-76
06-2
2-95
4140
5511
0293
601
11-0
6-76
4143
1211
0480
501
06-1
2-95
4147
0711
0485
901
06-2
1-95
4147
0811
0533
901
06-2
4-95
4148
0011
0442
001
09-2
2-71
4149
2511
0473
001
10-1
8-71
4150
3811
0451
001
10-2
0-77
<1
00
Ars
enic
, B
ariu
m,
Bor
on,
dis-
di
s-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(A
s)
(Ba)
(B
)
Cad
mi-
C
hro-
M
anga
- S
ele-
um
, m
ium
, C
oppe
r,
Iron
, L
ead,
ne
se,
Mer
cury
, ni
um,
dis-
di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis-
di
s
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed
(Cd)
(C
r)
(Cu)
(F
e)
(Pb)
(M
n)
(Hg)
(S
e)
Silv
er,
Zin
c,
dis-
di
s
solv
ed
solv
ed
(Ag)
(Z
n)
Foss
il B
utte
Mem
ber
of th
e G
reen
Riv
er F
orm
atio
n
50
- -
-- 50
--
<10
- -- - - - - - -
130
<20
--
100
- -
60 460
<1
<100
20
0
<3
-
<i
<3
-
<j
<3
..
<j
<3
-
<j
<3
-
<i
<3
..
<i
<3
..
2
<3
-
<i
Was
atch
For
mat
ion
--
<3
..
<j
50
-
100
60
-
<10
<3
-
<i
80
-
<10
<3
-
<j
<3
..
<j
<3
-
1
-
-
ND
N
D
ND
1,
600
<2
200
<0.1
<1
- - -- -- - - - - - - - -. - - -
ND
11
00
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd s
prin
gs is
suin
g fr
om s
elec
ted
geol
ogic
uni
ts in
Li
ncol
n C
ount
y, W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
CO c
TJ
TJ I-
m
3
m
Sta
tion
num
ber
4206
1111
0392
801
4209
5811
0192
701
4212
5811
0100
401
4214
4611
0435
701
4215
0111
0115
001
4215
0411
0195
501
4215
4011
0114
101
4215
5111
0120
701
4215
5411
0112
901
4147
5811
0474
701
4148
1111
0405
201
4155
1511
0373
001
4137
5811
0342
000
4155
0911
0355
501
4156
3111
0325
701
4140
5311
0314
501
4159
4411
0305
301
Alu
mi
nu
m,
dis
so
lved
D
ate
(Al)
08-0
1-95
07-2
9-95
08-2
0-76
07-1
1-95
08-2
0-76
06-0
7-86
08-2
0-76
08-2
0-76
08-2
0-76
06-1
3-95
06-2
3-95
11-0
6-72
10-0
5-72
10-2
0-77
08-0
2-95
11-0
5-76
10-2
0-77
Ars
enic
, B
ariu
m,
Bor
on,
dis-
di
s-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(A
s)
(Ba)
(B
)
- -
640
-
320
-
380
330
470
- -
<20
430 30
-
320 50
Cad
mi-
C
hro-
M
anga
- Se
le-
um,
miu
m,
Cop
per,
Ir
on,
Lea
d,
nese
, M
ercu
ry,
nium
, di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis-
di
s-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(C
d)
(Cr)
(C
u)
(Fe)
(P
b)
(Mn)
(H
g)
(Se)
Was
atch
For
mat
ion-
Con
tinue
d
<3
..
<i
<3
..
<1
80
-
<10
<3
.. <
i
20
- <1
0
20
-
30
<10
--
<10
70
- <1
0
Eva
nsto
n F
orm
atio
n
<3
-
<i
510
-
70
30
Mill
iard
Sha
le
90
<10
<1
0
<3
- <
i
Fro
ntie
r Fo
rmat
ion
150
--
<10
<10
-
20
Silv
er,
Zinc
, di
s-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
(A
g)
(Zn)
- - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - -.
10-1
6-94
<3
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd s
prin
gs is
suin
g fr
om s
elec
ted
geol
ogic
uni
ts in
Li
ncol
n C
ount
y, W
yom
ing-
Con
tinue
d
WATER RESOURCES O
-n r- INCOLN
O
O C z H
Alu
mi
nu
m,
dis
so
lved
S
tatio
n n
um
ber
D
ate
(Al)
4138
1911
0565
501
05-2
0-95
4144
0611
0304
801
06-2
6-95
4154
2711
0294
701
11-0
6-72
4200
2311
0285
401
10-2
0-77
4215
4111
0313
801
07-1
3-95
4308
4611
0524
200
09-0
8-71
4311
5811
0562
500
09-0
8-71
4312
5211
0500
800
09-0
8-71
4313
0011
0483
300
09-0
8-71
4145
4611
0195
401
06-2
5-95
4145
5511
0232
701
06-2
6-95
4147
1211
0275
001
11-0
8-72
10-1
7-77
4209
2811
0283
201
08-1
4-72
10-1
8-77
4258
4011
0383
200
07-1
2-72
Ars
enic
, B
ariu
m,
Bor
on,
dis
- d
is-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(A
s)
(Ba)
(B
) 90 80
30 20 20 60
-- -
110 60 60 70 50
Cad
mi-
C
hro
- M
anga
- S
ele-
um
, m
ium
, C
oppe
r,
Iron
, Le
ad,
nese
, M
ercu
ry,
nium
, d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
- d
is-
dis
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
so
lved
(C
d)
(Cr)
(C
u)
(Fe)
(P
b)
(Mn)
(H
g)
(Se)
Sag
e Ju
nct
ion
For
mat
ion
<3
<l
Asp
en S
hale
<3
-
<l
20
<10
--
30
<3
<1
-- - Bea
r R
iver
For
mat
ion
280
--
7
220
-
15
30
<10
-
4
160
<10
-
4
20
Silv
er,
Zin
c,
dis-
d
is
solv
ed
solv
ed
(Ag)
(Z
n)
- - ~ -_ - -- -. - - - - - _
T3 f i aj '~» C OT > CN ^ o &
C; <o
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t3
c o -2 j| f
0) S Q . TJ3 O) 0^ JL. 0> 'P CO c » OT > £
52 ra «> TJ o 1,to 5 »
'c: TJQ_ TJ i 0) -r«CO (0 OT > -Q-o «{ '"5 o tc -1 «cts S TJ fc- ^ 1 I1> ^-*s
a 5 « > o> fi 2 '-5 | t.CD "~ at&o <5 , ^ ,^to Q- TT = O ^ o " o 5i-1 o «
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8 «o o»
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iii i i i i i i
in m ' mmi^inr^ioONONl^ ONONl^ONr^Q^
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SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 123
Tabl
e 15
. C
once
ntra
tions
of s
elec
ted
trac
e el
emen
ts in
wat
er s
ampl
es c
olle
cted
from
wel
ls c
ompl
eted
in a
nd
spr
ings
issu
ing
from
sel
ecte
d ge
olog
ic u
nits
in
Linc
oln
Cou
nty,
Wyo
min
g-C
ontin
ued
5 $ m 3D 3D m 0)
O c 3D O m
w O Tl z o O l- 0 o c
Alu
mi
num
,di
sso
lved
Sta
tion
num
ber
Dat
e (A
l)
Ars
enic
, B
ariu
m,
Bor
on,
dis-
di
s-
dis
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed(A
s)
(Ba)
(B
)
Cad
mi
um,
dis
solv
ed(C
d)
Chr
om
ium
,di
sso
lved
(Cr)
Cop
per,
dis
solv
ed(C
u)
Iron
, Le
ad,
dis-
di
sso
lved
so
lved
(Fe)
(P
b)
Man
ga-
Sel
e-ne
se,
Mer
cury
, ni
um,
dis-
di
s-
dis
solv
ed
solv
ed
solv
ed(M
n)
(Hg)
(S
e)
Silv
er,
dis
solv
ed(A
g)
Zin
c,di
sso
lved
(Zn)
Tha
ynes
Lim
esto
ne
4152
4211
0502
001
09-2
2-71
06-0
7-65
4208
3711
0490
801
06-2
4-95
4249
5511
0595
500
09-1
0-71
80 ND
4,10
0
-
- -
- --
.. - <3 -
- <1 -
- -
- -
Woo
dsid
e S
hale
4204
1511
0494
401
06-1
1-95
415150110495501
06-1
1-65
4152
3011
0494
801
09-2
2-71
430800110412700
07-10-72
414950111013001
09-23-71
421443110470400
09-17-71
4217
0211
0201
501
09-1
5-65
11-1
8-76
10-2
0-77
425040110513000
09-10-71
4308
3811
0582
200
09-0
8-71
<3
1Pho
spho
ria
Form
atio
n an
d re
late
d ro
cks
<1
-- -
- N
D
230
ND 80 20 10
Tens
leep
San
dsto
ne
Wel
ls F
orm
atio
n
Mad
ison
Lim
esto
ne
10
20<100
<20
ND
ND
6 10
20
10 60<2
10
<10
<0.5
ND
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.g
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SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 125
Table 16. Physical properties and chemical analyses of ground-water samples collected
[Local number: See text describing well-numbering system in the section titled ft, feet; ^iS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25
Monitoring well
number (fig. 13)
Wl
W2
W3
W4
Station number/ local number
4232381 10533201/ 30-118-33bcb01
4242161 10585501/ 31-119-03bad01
424423 11 057090 I/ 32-119-23dad01
424740 110572601/ 33-1 18-3 IddcOl
Well Date depth
sampled (ft)
10-07-93 85
03-15-94
05-23-94
07-25-94
10-17-94
03-06-95
05-18-95
07-25-95
10-06-93 70
03-15-94
05-23-94
07-25-94
10-17-94
03-08-95
05-18-95
07-25-95
10-08-93 75
03-15-94
05-23-94
07-25-94
10-17-94
10-17-94
03-06-95
05-18-95
07-25-95
10-06-93 50
03-16-94
05-24-94
07-25-94
10-17-94
03-06-95
05-18-95
05-18-95
07-25-95
Water level
(ft below land
surface)
25.5R
28. 1R
17.7R
20.9R
26.1R
24.2R
17.8
17.7R
17.0R
30.8
20.6R
16.8R
26.4
27. 1R
10.9
6.8R
25. 5R
41.2
34.5R
37.0R
42.2
42.2
44. 6R
40.8
26.9R
15.3R
16.8R
15. 8R
14.6R
16.1
16.9R
16.1
16.1
13.4R
Specific conduct
ance ((iS/cm)
431
421
483
449
421
416
485
464
543
535
533
523
540
627
564
544
340
387
397
389
380
380
411
416
357
453
460
457
461
481
469
473
473
566
pH (standard
units)
7.7
7.8
7.5
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.7
7.6
7.7
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
8.1
7.8
8.0
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.6
Water tempera
ture (°C)
8.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
7.0
6.5
7.5
9.0
8.0
9.5
9.5
10.0
9.5
9.5
10.5
5.0
5.0
6.5
6.0
6.0
5.5
4.5
7.0
6.0
9.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
9.5
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
Hardness (as
CaCO3)
230
200
260
240
220
210
250
250
260
240
260
260
260
290
260
260
180
200
200
200
190
190
210
210
190
240
220
240
240
250
240
240
240
300
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
72
63
84
75
68
67
81
80
77
70
79
76
76
88
76
77
48
56
56
56
53
52
58
57
51
71
65
72
73
74
70
71
71
89
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
11
10
11
12
11
11
12
11
16
15
15
16
16
17
16
16
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
17
14
15
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
19
126 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
from wells sampled during the Star Valley monitoring study, 1993-95, Lincoln County, Wyoming
Ground-Water Data. Analytical results in milligrams per liter except as indicated; degrees Celsius; °C, degrees Celsius; <, less than]
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
2.8
3.1
2.5
2.8
2.8
3.1
2.8
2.5
11
12
12
10
11
14
16
13
1.0
1.1
.9
.9
.9
.9
1.0
1.0
.9
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
Sodium adsorp
tion ratio
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.1
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
0
Potas sium,
dissolved (K)
0.70
.80
1.0
3.9
.70
.70
.70
.90
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.1
.70
.70
.90
1.0
.70
.70
.90
.60
.80
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
.90
1.0
.8
1.2
Alka linity, total (as
CaCO3)
207
185
243
217
186
176
227
229
224
230
244
220
208
222
203
216
150
119
140
146
122
125
126
124
144
190
190
194
206
203
188
191
191
250
Sulfate, Chloride, dissolved dissolved
(S04) (Cl)
29
39
22
26
36
46
26
16
34
34
36
36
36
47
41
36
39
79
69
58
66
67
79
85
40
39
45
47
36
41
45
46
46
45
0.90
1.1
.70
.50
.80
.90
1.0
.80
15
13
14
11
15
36
31
19
.30
.50
.50
.70
.50
.50
1.2
.80
.80
4.3
1.6
1.9
2.5
1.4
1.5
1.9
1.9
4.0
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
0.10
<.10
<.10
.10
<.10
<.10
<.10
<.10
.20
<.10
.10
.10
<.10
<.10
.10
<.10
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
<.10
.10
.10
.10
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
7.9
8.5
8.2
8.2
7.9
6.9
8.0
8.2
11
12
12
11
11
11
10
11
4.8
5.3
5.2
5.1
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.7
5.1
10
11
9.9
9.8
11
10
10
10
11
Dissolved solids, sum of
con stituents
250
237
281
262
243
240
278
260
313
304
295
306
312
353
297
310
196
232
234
228
222
222
242
245
201
273
265
272
272
282
271
274
275
333
Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3 , dissolved
(asN)
0.30
.17
.60
.28
.16
.11
1.2
.64
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
.75
.48
1.5
.25
.17
.27
.61
.38
.37
.27
.17
.35
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.6-
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.5
Phos phorus,
total (P)
0.01
.01
.01
<.01
.02
.02
.02
.01
<.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.01
.02
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
.02
<.01
<.01
.01
.02
.01
<.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 127
Table 16. Physical properties and chemical analyses of ground-water samples collected
Monitoring well
number (fig. 13)
W5
W6
W7
W8
Station number/ local number
425135110592201/ 33-119-12cba01
4256381 11002201/ 34-119-llcacOl
425857110591901/ 35-119-25ccd01
425855 111020601/ 35-119-33abb01
Well Date depth
sampled (ft)
10-06-93 25
03-17-94
05-24-94
07-26-94
10-18-94
03-07-95
05-18-95
07-25-95
10-07-93 60
03-17-94
05-23-94
07-25-94
10-17-94
03-06-95
05-19-95
07-26-95
10-07-93 119
03-16-94
05-24-94
07-26-94
10-18-94
03-07-95
05-19-95
07-26-95
10-08-93 50
03-16-94
05-25-94
07-26-94
10-18-94
03-07-95
05-19-95
07-26-95
07-26-95
Water level
(ft below land
surface)
5.1R
4.4
4.7
5.9R
4.9R
4.2R
4.3
4.5
8.6R
14.7
9.3R
7.7R
11. 1R
13.9R
8.7
7.1
78.3R
98.3
96.2R
89.7R
94.7R
102.6R
95.2
78.2R
12.0R
19.8R
13.3R
12.6R
13.0R
20.4R
13.9
9.3R
9.3R
Specific conduct
ance (nS/cm)
536
518
493
550
544
510
465
520
427
390
396
417
416
388
413
423
393
382
381
378
377
388
380
384
499
496
516
498
507
508
535
506
506
PH (standard
units)
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.5
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
Water tempera
ture (°C)
9.0
5.0
8.0
8.0
9.5
5.0
8.5
9.5
8.0
7.0
8.0
7.5
8.0
8.0
8.5
7.5
8.0
7.0
8.0
7.5
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
7.0
9.0
9.5
8.0
8.0
8.0
Hardness (as
CaCO3)
270
260
240
270
260
250
230
260
230
210
210
220
210
200
210
220
210
210
200
200
200
200
200
210
230
230
230
230
230
230
240
230
230
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
65
65
60
67
64
61
57
64
55
52
51
54
53
49
53
55
52
53
50
50
49
50
49
51
63
64
63
63
63
63
65
63
63
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
25
24
22
26
25
23
22
24
22
20
19
21
20
18
20
21
19
19
18
19
18
18
18
19
18
18
17
18
18
18
19
18
18
128 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
from wells sampled during the Star Valley monitoring study, 1993-95, Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
9.4
9.3
8.6
10
9.8
9.0
8.5
9.1
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
13
12
14
14
13
14
16
15
15
Sodium adsorp
tion ratio
0.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
Potas sium,
dissolved (K)
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.1
.90
1.1
.50
.60
.60
.60
.60
.50
.50
.50
.60
.60
.70
.50
.60
.60
.50
.60
.80
.90
.90
.90
.90
1.0
.70
.80
.80
Alka
linity, total (as
CaCO3)
230
199
223
229
204
214
209
228
195
172
178
191
183
179
181
172
193
214
192
187
173
179
181
189
200
194
200
199
196
195
198
200
200
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
48
45
38
51
51
41
29
40
30
30
31
29
29
28
28
27
16
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
38
41
40
39
38
39
41
35
3.5
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
8.9
9.0
7.5
11
10
8.6
6.3
9.2
1.1
.80
.80
1.1
.90
.70
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.4
1.4
15
17
23
18
17
19
27
19
18
Fluoride, dissolved
(F)
0.10
<.10
<.10
.10
.10
<.10
.10
.10
.30
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
<.10
.10
.10
<.10
<.10
<.10
<.10
.20
.10
.10
.20
.10
.10
.20
.10
.10
Silica, dissolved
(Si02)
12
13
12
12
12
11
12
12
6.1
6.3
6.2
5.9
6.2
5.7
6.0
6.3
7.3
7.7
7.6
7.1
7.2
6.9
7.0
7.2
8.3
8.5
8.4
8.2
8.7
8.2
8.2
8.4
8.4
Dissolved solids, sum of
con
stituents
312
305
286
322
315
289
269
300
243
224
222
236
233
215
230
225
220
218
214
213
211
209
210
215
282
283
290
286
286
284
304
283
282
Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3 , dissolved
(asN)
0.71
.69
.63
.59
.60
.58
.59
.64
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.6
2.0
1.2
.86
.78
.80
.82
.78
.75
.99
.67
.91
.81
.71
.67
.76
.90
.75
.76
Phos phorus,
total (P)
0.03
.03
.09
.03
.02
.04
.04
.03
<.01
<.01
.03
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
.01
.02
.02
<.01
.01
.02
.01
.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 129
Table 16. Physical properties and chemical analyses of ground-water samples collected
Monitoring well Well
number Station number/ Date depth (fig. 13) local number sampled (ft)
430057 111003801/ W9 35-119-14cbc01 11-20-93 75
03-16-94
05-24-94
07-26-94
10-18-94
03-07-95
03-07-95
05-19-95
07-26-95
430331111013301/ W10 36-119-34cbd01 10-07-93 85
03-17-94
05-25-94
07-26-94
10-18-94
03-07-95
05-19-95
07-26-95
Water level
(ft below land
surface)
31.8R
34.6R
32.6R
29.7R
31.1
35. 3R
35. 3R
31.9
27. 6R
20. 8R
21.8
21.2R
21. 7R
21. 8R
22.1R
20.3
20. 5R
Specific conduct
ance (nS/cm)
544
555
510
518
523
560
560
531
532
379
357
352
351
351
345
345
345
PH (standard
units)
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.8
8.0
Water tempera
ture (°C)
7.0
8.0
9.5
9.0
10.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Hardness (as
CaCO3)
270
290
260
270
260
290
290
270
270
190
170
180
180
180
180
180
180
Calcium, dissolved
(Ca)
70
76
66
69
69
75
76
71
70
48
42
45
45
44
44
45
44
Magne sium,
dissolved (Mg)
23
24
22
23
22
24
24
23
23
18
17
16
17
16
16
17
16
130 WATER RESOURCES OF LINCOLN COUNTY
from wells sampled during the Star Valley monitoring study, 1993-95, Lincoln County, Wyoming-Continued
Sodium, dissolved
(Na)
6.0
7.0
6.6
6.1
5.7
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.1
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Sodium adsorp
tion ratio
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
Potas sium,
dissolved (K)
0.90
1.0
.90
.90
.90
1.0
1.0
.90
.70
.60
.70
.70
.60
.60
.60
.60
.50
Alka linity, total (as
CaCO3)
420
228
248
235
231
245
245
239
240
171
163
169
166
155
161
163
162
Sulfate, dissolved
(S04)
27
28
26
25
24
25
25
25
25
17
17
17
17
16
15
16
15
Chloride, dissolved
(Cl)
8.4
9.9
6.4
6.9
7.7
8.7
8.4
6.6
8.6
4.0
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.7
Fluoride, Silica, dissolved dissolved
(F) (Si02)
<0.10 9.3
<.10 10
<.10 9.6
<.10 9.1
<.10 9.2
<.10 9.3
<.10 9.4
<.10 9.4
<.10 9.2
.10 5.8
<.10 6.0
<.10 6.0
<.10 5.7
<.10 5.7
<.10 5.7
<.10 5.8
<.10 5.8
Dissolved solids, sum of
con stituents
305
322
291
299
297
317
318
304
301
214
197
198
198
194
190
194
188
Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3, dissolved
(asN)
3.1
3.4
2.2
3.2
3.2
3.7
3.7
2.9
3.2
2.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.0
.90
.97
Phos phorus,
total (P)
0.02
.01
.03
.01
<.01
.02
.02
<.01
<.01
.02
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.01
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 131
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997 - 574-157 / 65000 REGION NO. 8
