Water Quality Survey of Alternative Safe Water Quality Survey of Alternative Safe Water Devices in Emergency Villages in Water Devices in Emergency Villages in

Jessore DistrictJessore District

Md. Shamim UddinMd. Shamim UddinSenior ChemistSenior Chemist

Asia Arsenic NetworkAsia Arsenic Network

Location of JessoreLocation of Jessore

Jessore

Number of Alternative Safe Water Options Number of Alternative Safe Water Options and their Operational Statusand their Operational Status

Option No. ofOperational Status(Oct,05) Types Options

Dug Well 87 56 (64%)

Dug Well with Filter 20 20 (100%)

PSF 24 8 (33%)

PWSS 1 1(100%)

RWH 1 1 (100%)

Location of Alternative Safe water Options in Emergency Response Villages

PSF

DW

PWSS

Introduce of Safe Water OptionIntroduce of Safe Water Option

Dug Well Dug Well with Filter

Pond Sand Filter Rain Water Harvester

Pipe Water Supply System Using Surface WaterPipe Water Supply System Using Surface Water

Ecological Filter

Water Supply Tap

Supply Tank

Objectives

• To know the water quality of surface and sub-surface water based alternative safe water options in the rainy season.

• To compare the water quality between rainy and dry season of dug wells.

Tested Water Quality Parameter and MethodologyTested Water Quality Parameter and Methodology

Parameters Equipment Specification

Arsenic AAS Shimadzu AA-660

Iron AAS Shimadzu AA-660

Manganese AAS Shimadzu AA-660

Ammonium Spectrophotometer HACH: DR-2010

Turbidity Spectrophotometer HACH: DR-2010

Fecal Coliform Membrane Filtration M-FC Agar

Number of Dugwells

Number of Dugwell and Turbidity Level (NTU) Total

Contamination0 ~ 5 6 ~ 10 11 ~ 50 51 ~ 100 >100

56 17 11 20 7 1 28 (50%)

17

11

20

7

1

0

5

10

15

20

25

NTU0-5 6-10 11-50 51-100 >100

0-5

6-10

11-50

51-100

>100

Excess Value of Bangladesh Standard : NTU<10

Turbidity (Rainy Season)

50%50%

Contaminted

Safe

Number Dug Well

Number of Dug Well and Ammonium Level (mg/l) Total

Contamination<0.1

0.10 ~ <0.64

0.64 ~ <1.50

1.50~ <5.00

>5.00

56 9 26 12 6 3 21 (38%) 

9

26

12

63

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

mg/ l <0.1 0.11-<0.64

0.64-<1.50

1.51-<5.0

>5.00

<0.1

0.11- <0.64

0.64- <1.50

1.51- <5.0

>5.00

Excess Value of Bangladesh Standard : <0.64 mg/l

Ammonium (Rainy Season)

38%

62%

Contaminted

Safe

Number Dug Well

Number of dug Well and Concentration range of Iron (mg/l) Total

Contamination<0.1

0.10 ~ <0.30

0.30 ~ <1.00

1.00 ~ <3.00

>3.0

56 6 8 22 9 11 20 (36%) 

68

22

911

0

5

10

15

20

25mg/ l

<0.1 0.10-<0.30

0.30-<1.00

1.00-<3.00

>3.0

<0.1

0.10- <0.30

0.30- <1.00

1.00- <3.00

>3.0

Excess Value of Bangladesh Standard : < 1.0 mg/l

Iron (Rainy Season)

36%

64%

Contaminted

Safe

Number Dug Well

Number of dug Well and Concentration range of Manganesse (mg/l)

TotalContamination

<0.10.10 ~ <0.40

0.40 ~ <0.70

0.70 ~ <1.00

> 1.00

56 9 25 9 5 8 47 (84%) 

9

25

9

5

8

0

5

10

15

20

25mg/ l

<0.1 0.10-<040

0.40-<0.7

0.7-<1.0

>1.0

<0.1

0.10- <040

0.40- <0.7

0.7- <1.0

>1.0

Excess Value of Bangladesh Standard : < 0.1 mg/l

Manganese (Rainy Season)

84%16%

Contaminted

Safe

Number Dug Well

Number of dug Well and Concentration range of Arsenic (µg/L)

TotalContamination

<1011 ~ 50

51 ~ 100 101 ~ 150 >150

56 33 20 2 0 1 3 (5%) 

33

20

20 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

<10 10-<50

50-<100

100-<150

>150

<10

10- <50

50- <100

100- <150

>150

Excess Value of Bangladesh Standard : < 0.1 µg/L

Arsenic (Rainy Season)

5%

95%

Contaminted

Safe

Descriptive Statistic of Different Parameter of Water Quality Between Rainy and Dry Season

Statistical Parameter

Turbidity Ammonium Iron Manganese Arsenic

RainyDry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry

Mean21 16 1.04 3.31 2.04 1.24 0.487 0.398 17 15.8

Median10.5 0 0.455 0.245 0.703 0.436 0.304 0.296 9 5.5

Minimum0 0 0.02 0 0 0.023 0 0 1 0

Maximum129 94 8.5 79

16.798

9.809 3.44 1.875 217 263

Water Quality Comparison between rainy and Dry Seasons in Dugwell water

0

5

10

15

20

25

Turbidity Ammonium Iron Manganese Arsenic

Parameters

Mea

n Va

lue

Rainy Season Dry Season

• Comments

• The concentration of Arsenic, Iron, Manganese and turbidity were found relatively high in rainy season in Dugwell water.

• The concentration of Ammonium was found relatively low in Dugwell water in rainy season

5

9

14

5

13

10

0

5

10

15cfu/ 100ml

0 1-10 11-50 51-100

101-500

>500

0

1-10

11-50

51-100

101-500

>500

Excess Value of Bangladesh Standard : < 10 cfu/100ml

Fecal Coliform (Rainy Season)

91%

9%

Contaminted

Safe

Number of Options

Number of dug Well and Fecal Contamination (cfu/100ml) Total

Contamination0

1 ~ 10

11 ~ 5051 ~ 100

101 ~ 500

>500

56 5 9 14 5 13 10 51 (91%) 

Relationship Between Fecal Coliform and Toilet Distance

0

1500

3000

4500

6000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Toilet Distance (Feet)

Fec

al C

on

tam

inat

ion

Relationship Between Fecal Coliform and Cow-shed/ Wastage Storage Place

0

1500

3000

4500

6000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Distance of Cow-shed

Feca

l Col

iform

Bacteriological Contamination of Dugwell with Filter and Dug Bacteriological Contamination of Dugwell with Filter and Dug

Well with Exceeding Bangladesh Guideline ValueWell with Exceeding Bangladesh Guideline Value

Parameter Dug Well Dugwell with Filter

Fecal Coliform

Number of Samples

51 (91%)

56

13 (65%)

20

65%91%

0

20

40

60

80

100

Dugwell Dugwell with Filter%

Comparison of Fecal Coliform Between Dugwell and Dugwell with Filter

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

<1 1 ~ 10 11 ~ 50 51 ~ 100 101 ~ 500 >500

Contamination Level

% D

ugw

ell

Dugwell Dugwell with Filter

Effect of Chlorination on Dugwell with Filter for reducing Fecal Coliform

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

<1 1~10 11~50 51~100 >100

Contamination Level

% o

f Dug

wel

ls

Chlorination Sometimes Chlorination Never Chlorination

Water Quality of Pond Sand filterWater Quality of Pond Sand filter

Number of PSF Parameter

Excess Value of Bangladesh

Standard

8

Arsenic 0 (0%)

Manganese 2 (25.0%)

Iron 0 (0%)

Ammonium 1 (12.5%)

Fecal Coliform 7 (87.5%)

Turbidity 0 (0%)

• Comments

• Dugwell and PSF were found highly fecal contaminated, but Dugwell is more serious.

• We could not find out effectiveness of site selection of Dugwell in this study.

• Sand filter seems effective to reduce the Fecal contamination, but not enough.

• Chlorination is also necessary to produce Bacteriological safe water for dugwell with filter as well as PSF.