Water Management Technology

AcknowledgementsASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries was prepared by Keith Carns, Ray Erhard, Gerry Hamilton, Kelly Parmenter, and Abhinaya Puri of Global Energy Partners, LLC under the guidance of Dr. Michael Tinkleman, Director, Research at ASME. On behalf of ASME, we would like to express our appreciation to the Water

Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries workshop participants for their input and recommendations (participant list in Appendix E).

For further information, please contact

Michael Tinkleman, Ph.D. Director, Research

ASME 1828 L Street, N.W. Suite 906 Washington, D.C. 20036-5104

T: 202-785-7394 F: 202-785-8120

[email protected] http://crtd.asme.org

INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS WORK HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS FROM SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. HOWEVER, NEITHER ASME NOR ITS AUTHORS OR EDITORS GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY INFORMATION PUBLISHED IN THIS WORK. NEITHER ASME NOR ITS AUTHORS AND EDITORS SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION. THE WORK IS PUBLISHED WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT ASME AND ITS AUTHORS AND EDITORS ARE SUPPLYING INFORMATION BUT ARE NOT ATTEMPTING TO RENDER ENGINEERING OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF SUCH ENGINEERING OR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ARE REQUIRED, THE ASSISTANCE OF AN APPROPRIATE PROFESSIONAL SHOULD BE SOUGHT.

ASME shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or…printed in its publications (B7.1.3). Statement from the Bylaws.

Printed by ASME, 2010

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) convened a workshop titled “Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations Workshop for the Process Industries.” The workshop was held May 13-14, 2009 at EPA Headquarters in Washington D.C. as part of the follow-up to ASME’s water management technology roadmap workshop to identify roles for ASME in the development of industrial water use best management practices (BMPs). There were 46 workshop participants including representatives from state and federal agencies, private and government research laboratories, universities, water-intensive industries, water organizations, trade associations, consulting companies, and ASME.

Both workshop days began with plenary sessions, which consisted of presentations from a wide cross-section of interested parties, including the U.S. EPA, the Electric Power Research Institute, major industrial water users such as manufacturers, semiconductors, and pulp and paper mills, and vendors of treatment equipment like Siemens. The plenary sessions were designed to give workshop participants background about industrial water use and current industrial water efficiency and reuse practices. The background presentations suggest that many industries are keenly aware of their water use practices and strive to be efficient. There is a considerable amount of regulatory focus on industrial water use, and there is significant concern that water supplies, particularly for industry, will shrink due to population growth, environmental restrictions, and other competing water uses. Thus, U.S. industry will be forced to adopt more water use and reuse best management practices (BMPs).

The plenary sessions were followed by two different breakout sessions. The two sessions included one on water efficiency and best management practices and one on water treatment and reuse practices. Participants were equally divided between the two groups and asked to identify a number of subjects associated with their topic, including: technologies, practices,

Abstract

and procedures; barriers and challenges; existing tools and resources; technological needs and opportunities; and best management practices needs/opportunities.

Once lists of both the existing tools and needs were compiled, the groups were asked to identify potential ASME roles in addressing the needs and challenges. This information was used to develop a list of recommended high priority activities. Given a long list of high priority activities, the group then voted on the activities that ASME should give the highest priority.

ASME staff and consultants used the high priority activities developed through the workshop to develop ten, one-page summaries of potential, highly-specific action items that ASME can pursue. All of the items will assist ASME in meeting their stated goal in the Water Management Technology Vision of “becoming a key resource in the development and integration of water management technology solutions that enable the sustainable use and reuse of water by 2012.” The high priority activities include: 1) establishing a “community engagement platform” for industrial water management; 2) developing an ASME Water Reuse Awards program; 3) developing and conducting industry-specific workshops on water reuse; 4) developing a case study resource guide; 5) developing codes and standards within ASME’s areas of expertise on water efficiency and reuse; 6) developing water pinch analysis techniques; 7) developing an online industrial water management tool for guidance on technology choice and regulations; 8) defining the “10 Great Challenges” for sustainable industrial water management; 9) identifying the most appropriate industries for targeting water reuse; and 10) establishing water use benchmarking metrics.

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries


ContentsExecutive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ i

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 11.1 Approach ...............................................................................................................................................................2

1.2 Report Structure ....................................................................................................................................................2

2. Trends And Drivers ....................................................................................................................................................... 32.1 Water Use and Management Trends In Industry ....................................................................................................3

2.1.1 The Importance of Water to the Process Industries.......................................................................................3

2.1.2 Water Withdrawals in the U.S. Industrial Sector ..........................................................................................3

2.1.3 Industrial Water Use Efficiency ....................................................................................................................4

2.1.4 Industrial Water and Wastewater Treatment ................................................................................................4

2.1.5 Industrial Water Reuse .................................................................................................................................5

2.1.6 Energy-Water Nexus ....................................................................................................................................5

2.2 Key Drivers for Developing Best Management Practices and Water Management Innovations ...............................6

3. Workshop Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 73.1 Presentations .........................................................................................................................................................7

3.2 Breakout Group Discussions ..................................................................................................................................7

3.3 Report Back and Open Discussion .........................................................................................................................8

3.4 Attendees ..............................................................................................................................................................8

4. Water Resource Innovations and Best Management Practices .......................................................................... 94.1 Water Efficiency & Best Management Practices .....................................................................................................9

4.1.1 Water Efficiency Technologies, Practices and Procedures ..............................................................................9

4.1.2 Barriers/Challenges ......................................................................................................................................9

4.1.3 Existing Tools and Resources ........................................................................................................................9

4.1.4 Technological Needs/Opportunities ............................................................................................................10

4.1.5 Best Management Practices Needs/Opportunities ......................................................................................11

4.1.6 ASME Roles ...............................................................................................................................................11

4.1.7 High Priority Activities ..............................................................................................................................11

4.2 Water Treatment and Reuse Practices...................................................................................................................11

4.2.1 Technologies, Practices, and Procedures ......................................................................................................12

4.2.2 Barriers/Challenges ....................................................................................................................................12

4.2.3 Existing Tools and Resources ......................................................................................................................14

4.2.4 Needs/Opportunities ..................................................................................................................................14

4.2.5 ASME Roles ...............................................................................................................................................14

4.2.6 High Priority Activities ..............................................................................................................................14

5. Action Items ................................................................................................................................................................ 175.1 Technology Transfer .............................................................................................................................................17

5.1.1 Community Engagement Platform ............................................................................................................18

5.1.2 Water Reuse Awards Program ....................................................................................................................19

5.1.3 Develop Industry Specific Best Management Practices Workshops .............................................................20

5.1.4 Produce Industry Case Study Resource Guide ............................................................................................21


5.2 Development of Tools and Techniques ..................................................................................................................22

5.2.1 Create Appropriate Water Efficiency Codes & Standards ............................................................................22

5.2.2 Develop Water Pinch Techniques ...............................................................................................................23

5.2.3 Develop On-line Water Reuse Tool ............................................................................................................24

5.3 Industrial Water Reuse Planning Activities ..........................................................................................................25

5.3.1 Define Top 10 Great Challenges ................................................................................................................25

5.3.2 Identify Industries Best-Suited for Water Reuse .........................................................................................26

5.3.3 Establish Benchmarking Through Case Studies ..........................................................................................27

Appendix A: Workshop Agenda .................................................................................................................................A-1

Appendix B: Presentations .......................................................................................................................................... B-1

Appendix C: Breakout Group Assignments.............................................................................................................C-1

Appendix D: Breakout Group Results ......................................................................................................................D-1

Appendix E: Participant List ........................................................................................................................................E-1

Appendix F: Related Water Organizations ...............................................................................................................F-1

Appendix G: Overview of ASME................................................................................................................................G-1

Appendix H: Acronyms................................................................................................................................................H-1

List of FiguresFigure ES-1. Water reuse is projected to rise from about 1.7 bgd in 2001 to 12 bgd by 2015 .................................................... ii

Figure ES-2. Countercurrent cascade rinsing can reduce water consumption by 50 percent to 90 percent .................................. ii

Figure ES-3. Most state water managers expect shortages over the next decade under average conditions ................................. iii

Figure 2-1. U.S. Water Withdrawals in 2000 .............................................................................................................................3

Figure 2-2. Total Industrial Water Withdrawals in 2000, by State .............................................................................................4

Figure 2-3. Total On and Offsite Disposal or Other Releases by U.S. Industrial Operations, 2006 ..............................................5

List of TablesTable ES-1. Water Efficiency Technologies ................................................................................................................................ iii

Table ES-2. Water Efficiency Barriers and Challenges................................................................................................................ iii

Table ES-3. Roles for ASME: Water Efficiency and BMPs ......................................................................................................... iii

Table ES-4. Water Treatment and Reuse Technologies ............................................................................................................... iv

Table ES-5. Water Treatment and Reuse Barriers and Challenges .............................................................................................. iv

Table ES-6. Roles for ASME: Water Treatment and Reuse .......................................................................................................... v

Table ES-7. Action Items ........................................................................................................................................................... v

Table 3-1. Breakout Group Assignments ...................................................................................................................................8

Table 4-1. Water Efficiency Technologies Identified During Workshop.......................................................................................9

Table 4-2. Water Efficiency Barriers and Challenges Identified During Workshop ....................................................................10

Table 4-3. Potential Roles for ASME Identified During Workshop: ..........................................................................................12

Table 4-4. Water Treatment and Reuse Technologies Identified During Workshop ...................................................................13

Table 4-5. Barriers and Challenges to Water Treatment and Reuse Identified During Workshop ............................................. 13

Table 4-6. Potential Roles for ASME Identified During Workshop: Water Treatment and Reuse Practices ................................15


ASME Water Management Technology Vision*By 2012, ASME will be recognized as a key resource in the development and integration of water management technology solutions that enable the sustainable use and reuse of water. Through promoting research, providing tools, setting standards, and developing educational and public advocacy resources, ASME will bring diverse partners together to find multidisciplinary solutions to water management technology issues that protect public health and the environment while conserving precious water supplies and the infrastructure for future generations. ASME will play a particularly critical role in addressing water use in the industrial sector through technology—an approach that leverages ASME members’ vast technical capabilities.

ASME recognizes that there are many groups, institutions, and individuals already engaged in programs focused on water management technology issues. ASME intends to complement their efforts to address unmet needs.

I. Introduction The United States faces an aging water infrastructure, unsustainable and inefficient uses of water, and growing demands for this finite resource. ASME has the knowledge, skills, and relationships required to make valuable contributions to improving water management technology systems and practices over the next five years. ASME helps the global engineering community develop solutions to real- world challenges. Founded in 1880 as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME is a not-for-profit professional organization that enables collaboration, knowledge sharing, and skill development across all engineering disciplines, while promoting the vital role of the engineer in society. ASME codes and standards, publications, conferences, and continuing education and professional development programs provide a foundation for advancing technical knowledge

Executive Summary

*ASME Water Management Technology Vision & Roadmap, September 2008.

and fostering a safer world. ASME’s mission is to serve our diverse global communities by advancing, disseminating, and applying engineering knowledge for improving the quality of life; and communicating the excitement of engineering. ASME’s vision is to be the essential resource for mechanical engineers and other technical professionals throughout the world for solutions that benefit humankind.

ASME has 127,000 members in 120 countries. Approximately 25 percent of these members work for organizations that are dependent on water availability to process or deliver their primary products and services. To guide ASME’s endeavor, it has created a vision of its efforts in the water management technology area over the next five years.

To carry out its vision, ASME is actively pursuing a variety of activities identified in its recent Water Management Technology Vision and Roadmap Workshop report. One such activity given top priority status is to develop best management practices (BMPs) for industrial water use. To this end, ASME and its steering committee convened a workshop on industrial water use for the process industries on May 13 and 14, 2009 in an effort to identify, evaluate, document, and disseminate water use BMPs across the industry.

Workshop participants included a variety of industry experts and advocates from federal agencies, universities, industries, and nongovernmental organizations. The workshop included a mixture of plenary and breakout sessions that were used to identify research needs and areas where ASME can pursue a leadership role in developing industrial water use BMPs.

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries i

1.7

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2 2.2 2.6 3 3.4 3.9 4.55.2

66.9

7.99.1

10.5

12

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Billion Gallons per Day (bgd)

II. Trends and Drivers Water is an essential resource for the process industries. It is used for numerous purposes, including chilling, heating, scalding, washing, rinsing, sanitizing, processing, fabricating, and conveying. In addition, steam generation and the large amount of water it requires for cooling is a critical component of many industrial operations. Though water is employed in all major industries, several specific industries stand out as having a particularly high demand for water in their processes, including food and beverage, pulp and paper, chemicals, refined petroleum, and primary metals industries.

There are several important trends and drivers shaping water management innovations and BMPs in the process industries:

• New regulations continue to affect the process industries, primarily through EPA requirements promulgated under the Clean Water Act.

• Process industries are finding themselves in direct competition with public water utilities, agriculture, and power generators for limited freshwater supplies.

• Process industries are incorporating process modifications in an effort to reduce water use and achieve energy efficiency gains.

• Process industries are increasingly utilizing advanced technologies and practices for wastewater treatment and water reuse rather than relying solely on freshwater withdrawals and potable water deliveries.

• Improved water use efficiency, water reuse, reduced wastewater discharge, and associated energy savings can translate into lower operating costs.

• Since water supply, use, and treatment are highly energy-intensive, the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with water use efficiency and water reuse is significant.

III. Workshop Summary The workshop’s intent was to capture current BMPs and technology solutions in industrial water management as well as to initiate the development of a new ASME approach to BMPs and technology innovation in industrial water management. There were three focus areas in the workshop:

• Water efficiency;• Water treatment and reuse practices; and• BMPs in water management.

The workshop format consisted of two main elements:

• Plenary sessions designed to present participants with background information on current industrial water use practices in the United States and potential problems with industrial water supplies; and

• Interactive breakout sessions designed to lead participants to develop specific suggestions for further research workshops and other activities sponsored by ASME.

Each day was composed of several presentations followed by moderated breakout group discussions pertaining to the focus areas. Participants were divided into one of two separate breakout groups based on their areas of expertise: 1) water efficiency and BMPs in water management; and 2) water treatment and reuse practices. The breakout group discussions addressed the following subjects as they pertain to the focus areas:

• Technologies and practices;• Barriers and breakthroughs;• Potential promotional tools; and• ASME roles.

After the breakout group deliberations, the workshop participants reconvened to present their findings to the overall group. The workshop concluded with an open discussion about the next steps for ASME to pursue.

Figure ES-1. Water reuse is projected to rise from about 1.7 bgd in 2001 to 12 bgd by 2015.

Source: Joshua Dickinson, WateReuse Foundation

WorkMovement

Outgoing Water

Incoming Water

Figure ES-2. Countercurrent cascade rinsing can reduce water consumption by 50 percent to 90 percent.

Source: Carey Johnston, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industriesii

IV. Water Efficiency and Best Management Practices The first breakout group focused on industrial water efficiency and BMPs. Group members defined “water efficiency” as using improved technologies and practices to deliver equal or better service with less water. Thus, many water efficiency measures are BMPs. Table ES-1 lists specific examples of technologies, practices, and procedures that the group identified as worthy of additional study.

Table ES-1. Water Efficiency Technologies

TechnologyMeasurement, monitoring, and controls systems (e.g., more precise control and distribution of water in spray systems)

Linking process control with mechanical considerations associated with membranes

Flue gas moisture capture

Dry and near-dry machining to minimize water use

Sensory control and data acquisition advances

Alternative cleaning technologies to reduce or eliminate the need for water

Better water disinfection technologies to make wash processes more efficient (e.g., ozone, UV)

Advanced cooling technologies (e.g., air-cooled condensers, hybrid wet-dry systems)

Table ES-2. Water Efficiency Barriers and Challenges

Barrier/ChallengeGeographic-specific problems• Plant location impacting what is considered sustainable

and what makes sense economically• Cost of water supplies• Local sense of urgency

Limited information and resources• Smaller facilities often lack sufficient engineering staff to

investigate alternatives• The engineering community does not focus on and

emphasize water efficiency and water use optimization• Manufacturers of water and wastewater equipment

do not have a standard for what constitutes “green” equipment or sustainable operations

• A lack of supply chain metrics or a clear definition of what is meant by “watershed sustainability”

Managerial or administrative roadblocks• Lack of data - the plant manager often does not see the

water bill and thus has no feel for how practices within the plant impact water efficiency

• Competitive pressures limit the potential for sharing best practices among industrial facilities because water savings technologies may give the user a competitive advantage

• Water efficiency efforts often fall under the purview of environmental, health, and safety staff, who may not give the topic the energy and focus it deserves

Table ES-3. Roles for ASME: Water Efficiency and BMPs

Potential Roles for ASMEDevelop combined water and energy balance tool

Use thermal pinch experience to promote water pinch

Develop water tool like “Quick PEP,” the DOE Industrial Technologies Program tool developed to provide a quick assessment of industrial energy use

Develop “Save Water” audit tool

Collaborate with industrial water and wastewater equipment manufacturing associations; use them as case studies

Conduct ASME terminology survey

Create standards for areas of expertise

Use water balance concept in new tool

Develop water tracking procedures – awareness

Develop technology specific workshops (e.g., cooling towers)

Collaborate with other industry water seminars

There are a number of barriers and challenges associated with the adoption of industrial water efficiency technologies and BMPs. These barriers include geographic-specific problems, limited information and resources, and managerial or administrative roadblocks. Table ES-2 summarizes some of the barriers identified.

During the course of their discussion, the breakout group identified potential roles for ASME to pursue in the further development and promotion of water efficiency measures and BMPs. Table ES-3 lists some of the more popular roles.

Source: GAO 2003. Presented by Mike Hightower, Sandia National Laboratories.

California

Nevada

Oregon Idaho

Washington

Montana

Wyoming

Colorado

New MexicoArizona

Kansas

Texas

Oklahoma

Louisiana

Mississippi

Arkansas

Missouri

Iowa

Nebraska

Minnesota

South Dakota

North Dakota

Wisconsin

Michigan

Illinois

Indiana

Ohio

Kentucky

Virginia

WestVirginia

Tennessee

Alabama

Georgia

Florida

North Carolina

Delaware

Pennsylvania

NewYorkMassachusetts

Vermont

Conn.R.I.

New

Jersey

New

Hampshire

New

Hampshire

Maine

South Carolina

Utah

Maryland

StatewideRegionalLocalNoneNo response or uncertain

Figure ES-3. Most state water managers expect shortages over the next decade under average conditions

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries iii

V. Water Treatment and Reuse PracticesThe second breakout group discussed industrial water treatment and reuse. Water reuse refers to the retention of process water that has already served a useful purpose for use again on site in another beneficial purpose before discharge; it involves collecting the used water, treating it, and redistributing it. Water reuse technologies are commercially available, but their use by industry is limited. Some of the technologies identified during the breakout session are summarized in Table ES-4.

Table ES-5. Water Treatment and Reuse Barriers and Challenges

Barrier/ChallengeTechnology feasibility• Capability of the available technologies to treat water to

the appropriate quality necessary for reuse• Reliability of the technologies• Acceptability of the recovery efficiency

Regulatory compliance• Compliance of the water treatment and reuse process

with regulatory requirements and guidelines• Experience of regulators in judging the effectiveness/

safety of water treatment and reuse processes

Management• Approval of facility management• Management concerns about the risks (cost and other

implications) involved with implementing a new technology or process

Economics• Cost-effectiveness for the industrial facility to incorporate

water treatment and reuse to reduce freshwater withdrawals and wastewater discharges

• Comparison of costs with current water procurement and wastewater disposal costs

• Lack of available funding for infrastructure requirements

Public perception and health• Public perception of water reuse in the given application• Possibility that negative public perception will hurt

business• Development of a new term to improve public

perception, e.g., “resource water”• Support of local politicians

Lack of training• Unfamiliarity of maintenance personnel and facility

staff with water treatment and reuse technologies and processes

• Degree of difficulty in operating the technologies and processes by existing facility staff

• Requirement for trained operators

Lack of information• Lack of benchmarking information for industries to turn

to; some available information may be proprietary• The relationships between water, energy, and CO

2

emissions as they pertain to water treatment and reuse are not fully understood

Contaminants and residuals management• Possibility that residuals management could create

problems for the facility or the environment• Unknowns about risks from pathogens, organics, trace

contaminants, and salt accumulation

Water rights• Applicability of water rights in some regions and

industries• Downstream effects of reducing the amount of water

discharged back into the water cycle

Table ES-4. Water Treatment and Reuse Technologies

TechnologyPhysiochemical Treatment• Gravity separation• Oil/water separators• Filtration• Resins/advanced absorption

Membrane technologies (in order of decreasing porosity)• Microfiltration (MF)• Ultrafiltration (UF)• Nanofiltration (NF)• Reverse osmosis (RO)

Biological treatment• Aerobic, e.g., activated sludge• Anaerobic, e.g., Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

(UASB) reactor

Advanced oxidation processes• Photocatalysis• Supercritical water oxidation• Electron beam irradiation

Microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment• Waste-to-energy process

Disinfection• Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection• Ozonation

During their deliberations, the group concluded that there are procedures for facilitating water treatment and reuse that, while not technologies, are essential to the more widespread adoption of advanced industrial water reuse practices, including: 1) monitoring and control of the treatment process (e.g., using SCADA); 2) heat recovery from processes for water treatment (e.g., distillation); and 3) process modifications to reduce water or improve reuse opportunities.

Before water treatment and reuse will be widely employed in the process industries, a variety of barriers and challenges must be addressed. Table ES-5 lists the barriers and challenges identified during the workshop. The most significant barriers pertain to the lack of experience in water reuse, misconceptions about its health and safety, regulatory constraints, and economics.

The breakout group identified a number of needs associated with improving the selection and performance of industrial

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industriesiv

water treatment and reuse practices. These include research to fill in the knowledge gaps, increasing public awareness on water reuse benefits, correlation of energy and CO

2 impacts

with water savings through water reuse, and technology transfer needs.

Identifying needs related to water treatment and reuse helped the breakout group articulate numerous potential opportunities, or roles, for ASME to pursue. Table ES-6 lists the potential roles for ASME that were selected by the group.

VI. Action ItemsThe breakout groups established high-priority activities from the lists of potential roles compiled during their discussions. These high-priority activities, coupled with ASME’s stated goal of working with other organizations and agencies, were then used to develop specific action items for ASME. Thus, the action items (see Table ES-7) have the twin characteristics of being logical outgrowths from the workshop’s high priority activities and having excellent potential for collaboration with other partners, including industry, government, and nongovernmental organizations.

Table ES-6. Roles for ASME: Water Treatment and Reuse

Potential Roles for ASMEProvide technology transfer/education

Define “10 Great Challenges”

Produce an industry case study resource

Develop testing facility for technologies

Develop an on-line tool analogous to the Produced Water Management Information System (“PWMIS”)

Identify/help develop emerging technologies

Identify industries best suited for water reuse

Determine CO2 footprints of reuse technologies or processes

Develop costing models for pollutant removal

Give awards/recognition for successful water reuse activities

Advance industrial processes to incorporate water treatment and reuse effectively

Table ES-7. Action Items

Priority Action Items for ASME1. Establish a community engagement platform on

industrial water reuse management technology

2. Give ASME awards/recognition for outstanding water reuse projects, equipment, and activities

3. Develop industry-specific workshops to promote and capture BMPs

4. Produce industry case study resource guide

5. Create water efficiency codes and standards within areas of expertise

6. Use thermal pinch experience to promote water pinch

7. Develop an online tool analogous to the Produced Water Management Information System

8. Define “10 Great Challenges” for industrial water reuse

9. Identify industries best suited for water reuse

10. Establish benchmarking through case studies

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries v

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industriesvi

1. Introduction

ASME Water Management Technology VisionBy 2012, ASME will be recognized as a key resource in the development and integration of water management technology solutions that enable the sustainable use and reuse of water. Through promoting research, providing tools, setting standards, and developing educational and public advocacy resources, ASME will bring diverse partners together to find multidisciplinary solutions to water management technology issues that protect public health and the environment while conserving precious water supplies and the infrastructure for future generations. ASME will play a particularly critical role in addressing water use in the industrial sector through technology—an approach that leverages ASME members’ vast technical capabilities.

ASME recognizes that there are many groups, institutions, and individuals already engaged in programs focused on water management technology issues. ASME intends to complement their efforts to address unmet needs.

The United States faces an aging water infrastructure, unsustainable and inefficient uses of water, and growing demands for this finite resource. ASME has the knowledge, skills, and relationships required to make valuable contributions to improving water management technology systems and practices over the next five years. ASME helps the global engineering community develop solutions to real world challenges. Founded in 1880 as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME is a not-for-profit professional organization that enables collaboration, knowledge sharing and skill development across all engineering disciplines, while promoting the vital role of the engineer in society. ASME codes and standards, publications, conferences, continuing education and professional development programs provide a foundation for advancing technical knowledge and a

safer world. ASME’s mission is to serve our diverse global communities by advancing, disseminating and applying engineering knowledge for improving the quality of life; and communicating the excitement of engineering. ASME’s vision is to be the essential resource for mechanical engineers and other technical professionals throughout the world for solutions that benefit humankind.

ASME has 127,000 members in 120 countries. Approximately 25% of these members work for organizations that are dependent on water availability to process or deliver their primary products and services. To guide ASME’s endeavor, it has created a vision of its efforts in the water management technology area.

To carry out its vision, ASME is actively pursuing a variety of activities identified in its recent Water Management Technology Vision and Roadmap Workshop report.1 One such activity given top priority status is to develop best management practices (BMPs) for industrial water use. To this end, ASME

held a workshop on May 13 and 14, 2009 in an effort to identify, evaluate, document, and disseminate water use BMPs across industry. The workshop was called the Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations Workshop for the Process Industries. The present report summarizes the workshop and its results.

1. Water Management Technology Vision and Roadmap, ASME, Washington DC: September, 2008.

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries 1

1.1 ApproachThe workshop was sponsored by ASME, facilitated by Global Energy Partners, and took place at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offices in Washington, DC. Attendance at the workshop was by invitation only. A variety of industry experts were invited to attend and provide their input in a highly interactive environment consisting of presentations as well as focused breakout group discussions. The workshop was intended both to capture current industry BMPs and to initiate the development of a new ASME approach to water management technology BMPs for industry that will be utilized to help create a series of future water management technology workshops with industry sponsorship and collaborative funding.

1.2 Report StructureThis report begins with a description of current trends and drivers associated with water management in industry to illustrate the importance of developing BMPs and furthering innovations in industrial water management. It then summarizes the structure of the workshop and the diverse group of participants that attended. The report next details the results from the workshop including pertinent information provided in presentations as well as input received from participants during breakout group discussions. Lastly, it identifies high priority action items for ASME to pursue in the near-term.

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries2

2. Trends and Drivers

This chapter describes current trends and drivers associated with water management in industry to illustrate the importance of developing BMPs and furthering innovations in industrial water management.

2.1 Water Use and Management Trends In Industry

2.1.1 The Importance of Water to the Process IndustriesWater is an essential resource for the process industries. It is used for numerous purposes, including chilling, heating, scalding, washing, rinsing, sanitizing, processing, fabricating, and conveying. In addition, steam generation and the large amount of water it requires for cooling is a critical component of many industrial operations. Water is also incorporated directly into a wide range of products. For example, food processing and beverage manufacturing facilities often dilute food and beverage items with water or use water as the primary ingredient.

Though water is employed in all major industries, several specific industries stand out has having a particularly high demand for water in their processes. These water-intensive industries include the food and beverage, pulp and paper, chemicals, refined petroleum, and primary metals industries.

2.1.2 Water Withdrawals in the U.S. Industrial SectorIndustrial water withdrawals account for a significant share of total U.S. water withdrawals. Using the most recent data available from the U.S. Geological Survey, Figure 2-1 shows that industrial water withdrawals account for about 5% of total withdrawals, preceded by withdrawals for irrigation (40%), thermoelectric power generation (39%),2 and public supply (13%).

The majority of water for U.S. process industries is self-supplied by the industrial users and comes from fresh surface water sources. In 2000, 19.8 billion gallons per day were self-supplied and another 2 to 4 billion gallons per day were supplied by public water utilities.3,4 Nearly 94% of industrial water withdrawals (or 18.5 billion gallons per day) were from freshwater sources in 2000, with surface water being the primary source of the freshwater.

Figure 2-2 illustrates the distribution of industrial water withdrawals by state for the U.S. Currently, Louisiana, Indiana, and Texas are the states with greatest industrial water demand (greater than 2,000 million gallons per day).5

Total industrial water withdrawals decreased by approximately 11% between 1995 and 2000 and 24% between 1985 and 2000.6 The decreases resulted primarily from a decline in the number of manufacturing facilities in the U.S., but were also due in part to stricter water quality standards for wastewater discharges. For example, the passage of the Amendments to the Federal Pollution Control Act of

Figure 2-1. U.S. Water Withdrawals in 2000(Total water withdrawals = 408 billion gallons per day)

Source: Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2005.

2. Note that most water withdrawn for power generation is passed through a once-through heat exchanger and then returned to the original source. Therefore, it is withdrawn, but not consumed.

3. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2005. 4. Technology Research Opportunities for Efficient Water Treatment and Use. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2008. Report #1016460.5. Ibid. 6. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268,

2005.


cooling tower blow-down and boiler blow-down, condensate return, and steam trap maintenance are effective ways to reduce water requirements. Other examples include more precise control and distribution of water in spray systems and the design of more efficient product conveyance systems. Moreover, applications that use water for product washing can be improved with advanced disinfection technologies, including ozonation and UV disinfection which allow for reductions in the volume of water required to achieve the desired product quality. Additionally, employing advanced cooling technologies similar to those being developed for the power industry would translate into direct water use reductions. Near-term opportunities exist for air-cooled condensers and for hybrid wet/dry systems. Some of these technologies and measures are currently employed and others are emerging. Despite notable efficiency gains during the last few decades, there is still a significant potential to expand applications of water-savings technologies, thereby reducing industrial water demand.

2.1.4 Industrial Water and Wastewater TreatmentIn order to comply with health and safety regulations or to ensure product quality, most industrial process water must be treated to some extent before use. For example, food processing industry standards may regulate aspects

1972 and 1977 has encouraged water conservation, greater efficiency, and lower water-using technologies.

Other end-users of water in the U.S. are experiencing growth in water withdrawals, which is placing additional strain on the limited freshwater resources that are so important to the process industries. For example, freshwater withdrawals grew by 8% for public supply and by 2% for irrigation between 1995 and 2000 and these end-uses rely almost entirely on freshwater. Although water use efficiency gains over the last few decades have notably moderated growth in freshwater withdrawals, gradual increases are nevertheless expected to continue. As a result, it will become increasingly difficult for the U.S. process industries to secure freshwater.

Because of the dwindling supply and greater competition for freshwater expected in the future, there will need to be an intensified focus in the process industries on improving water use efficiency and employing alternative water sources such as reused water, saline water, and produced water from oil and gas operations.

2.1.3 Industrial Water Use EfficiencyThere are many opportunities to modify and improve processes so that water is used more efficiently in the industrial sector. Specifically, monitors and controls for

Figure 2-2. Total Industrial Water Withdrawals in 2000, by State (Total industrial water withdrawals = 19.8 billion gallons per day)

Source: Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2005.


such as the removal of certain impurities from process water, the minimum amount of water required for washing a given commodity, or the minimum water temperature at which the commodity must be washed. Some process industries, including the semiconductor, electronics, and pharmaceutical industries, require high levels of water quality for certain stages of their processes. Specifically, silicon chip manufacturing requires ultra-pure water pretreated on-site via reverse osmosis. This water is then used as part of very sensitive chip rinsing processes.

Most industrial water uses eventually result in wastewater, and the wastewater typically requires treatment before it can be discharged. Larger and medium-sized industrial facilities will often treat their own wastewater and discharge the effluent to the environment. However, smaller industrial facilities may discharge to a municipal wastewater utility, possibly with some on-site pretreatment of the effluent to avoid a higher sewer service rate. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. industrial operations disposed of or released approximately 470 million pounds of toxics into water in 2006, primarily as surface water discharges or injections into on-site underground wells (see Figure 2 3). As federal and state regulators set tighter pretreatment standards for local municipal water treatment systems, the trend towards investment in on-site industrial wastewater treatment systems is continuing. The pretreatment standards directly affect industrial operations because they significantly reduce the levels of contamination in wastewater that the industrial plants are allowed to discharge. In addition to limiting contamination in wastewater discharges, the standards also emphasize source reduction, recycling, and predisposal treatment.

Figure 2-3. Total On and Offsite Disposal or Other Releases by U.S. Industrial Operations, 2006(Total disposal or other releases = 4.25 billion pounds. Disposal to water = 470 million pounds. In this context, industrial operations include manufacturing, mining, electric utilities, commercial hazardous waste treatment, and other industrial applications.)

Source: Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), 2006 Public Data Release, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, February 21, 2008.

The Energy-Water Nexus – Sandia National Laboratories

The continued security and economic health of the United States depends on a sustainable supply of both energy and water. These two critical resources are inextricably and reciprocally linked; the production of energy requires large volumes of water while the treatment and distribution of water is equally dependent upon readily available, low-cost energy. The nation's ability to continue providing both clean, affordable energy and water is being seriously challenged by a number of emerging issues.

2.1.5 Industrial Water ReuseThere is great potential for on-site water reuse in a variety of industrial facilities, including food processing, pulp and paper, textile, silicon chip manufacturing, and metal finishing. For example, food processing often entails many rinsing and washing processes that allow for water capture and reuse

for either preliminary rinsing stages or for cooling tower water and boiler makeup water. Another opportunity is to capture moisture from flue gas or dryer exhaust streams that have high moisture content. Though the pulp and paper industry already performs much on-site water recycling, the water withdrawals of the industry are still quite high. The pulp and paper industry also treats a significant amount of process water on-site. As a result, technologies that improve sludge dewatering while capturing the moisture would reduce waste discharge costs as well as freshwater supply withdrawals. Silicon chip manufacturers can recapture rinse water which is of relatively high quality and then use it either directly for secondary purposes such as landscape irrigation or retreat it for process use. There are also numerous low- to intermediate-quality process water needs found in the pulp and paper, textile, and metal fabricating industries, enabling these industries to reuse water readily. Specifically, rinse water used in a metal finishing plating bath can be recycled back into a stage of the process requiring low-quality water if the high concentrations of suspended and dissolved metals are removed. As freshwater supplies become more constrained, the acceptance and cost-effectiveness of water reuse in the process industries will likely increase.

2.1.6 Energy-Water NexusThe treatment and pumping of water upstream of the end-use and wastewater downstream of the end-use is highly energy-intensive. In addition, large quantities of energy are typically required at the industrial site for heating, cooling, and pumping water. Moreover, thermoelectric power generation has a very large water demand as indicated in Figure 1. Consequently, industrial water use is tightly linked to energy use and at least a portion of that energy use ultimately affects the level of thermoelectric water withdrawals. Therefore, industrial water use efficiency has a significant impact on the overall water and energy equation. Because most industrial water use eventually leads to wastewater discharge, improvements in water use efficiency and water reuse, in particular, have the potential to reduce freshwater withdrawals and wastewater disposal charges. Significant on-site energy savings can also be realized if the demand for hot or chilled process water is minimized, the water is reused, and/or the energy content of the water is recovered. Though great strides have already been made, most industrial processes hold considerable potential for improving the way both energy and water are used by applying advanced water use and reuse techniques.


Sandia National Laboratories has developed a website and a variety of resources aimed at research and development activities that promote a greater understanding of the energy-water relationship: http://www.sandia.gov/energy-water/.

2.2 Key Drivers for Developing Best Management Practices and Water Management InnovationsThere are several important drivers for developing BMPs and water management innovations in the process industries. The primary drivers include:

•Regulatorycompliance: New regulations continue to affect the process industries, primarily through EPA requirements promulgated under the Clean Water Act. Process industries must increasingly improve operations to comply with changing federal, state, and local requirements. Recent regulations focus on such issues as water disinfection, disinfection byproducts, nutrient removal, solids handling, toxic pollutants, storm water management, watershed protection, and emerging contaminants. As a result of stricter standards for industrial wastewater, new and more complex treatment equipment must be installed on-site to achieve regulatory compliance.

•Competitionforfreshwaterwithdrawals: Many areas in the U.S. are considered water-stressed. As the U.S. population grows, so does the demand for drinking water, food, and electricity – all of which act to increase freshwater withdrawals. As a result, process industries are finding themselves in direct competition with public water utilities, agriculture, and power generators for limited freshwater supplies.

•Processmodificationstoachievewaterandenergyefficiencygains: Process industries are incorporating process modifications in an effort to reduce water use and/or improve reuse opportunities. Process modifications are also undertaken to achieve energy

efficiency gains. To maximize benefits, it is essential for an industrial plant to consider the link between water and energy use when modifying a process.

•Waterreuse: Because of the dwindling supply of freshwater, process industries are incorporating various technologies and practices for wastewater treatment and reuse rather than relying on freshwater withdrawals and potable water deliveries. Industrial water reuse has the potential to reduce freshwater requirements, minimize wastewater discharge streams, lower operating costs, and help industries comply with water use and disposal regulations.

•Availabilityofadvancedtreatmenttechnologies: New treatment technologies such as advanced membranes and advanced oxidation and disinfection processes are emerging and existing treatment technologies are achieving more widespread application for effective industrial water reuse (see Table 4-4 for specific examples of water treatment technologies). Though some advanced technologies are highly energy-intensive and as a result may increase the energy needs of certain industrial processes, they typically reduce the overall energy use requirement for the entire water supply and treatment cycle. Consequently, applying advanced treatment technologies in industrial water reuse projects often offers the opportunity to achieve both water and energy efficiency goals.

•Operationcostreductions: Process industries continually strive to lower operating costs without sacrificing product quality. Improved water use efficiency, water reuse, reduced wastewater discharge, and associated energy savings can translate into lower operating costs for industrial plants.

•Reductionincarbonfootprint: Carbon reduction goals are increasingly driving process industries to mitigate their greenhouse gas emissions. Because water supply, use, and treatment are highly energy-intensive, the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with water use efficiency and water reuse is significant.


The ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations Workshop for the Process Industries was held on May 13 and 14, 2009 at the EPA East Building in Washington, DC. The workshop’s intent was to capture current best management practices (BMPs) and technology solutions in industrial water management as well as to initiate the development of a new ASME approach to BMPs and technology innovation in industrial water management.

There were three focus areas in the workshop:

1. Water efficiency;2. Water treatment and reuse practices; and3. BMPs in water management.

The workshop format consisted of two main elements:

1. A series of presentations to inform and promote follow-on discussions pertaining to the focus areas; and

2. Interactive breakout group discussions to obtain specific suggestions related to the focus areas.

The agenda for the workshop is presented in Appendix A. Each day comprised several presentations followed by moderated breakout group discussions pertaining to the three focus areas. Participants were assigned to the specific breakout groups based on their areas of expertise. Each day ended with an interactive discussion session including all participants.

3.1 PresentationsThe presentations covered a variety of aspects dealing with water management in industry. Titles of the specific presentations are listed below.

•WaterandEnergyResourceNeedsandConstraintsintheU.S. Michael Hightower, Research Manager, Sandia National Laboratory

•WaterReuseResearchatEPA:CurrentandEmergingDrivers Dr. Audrey Levine, National Program Director for Drinking Water, U.S. EPA

•WaterReuseInitiativesintheU.S.Josh Dickinson, Director of Research, WateReuse Foundation

3. Workshop Summary

•Coca-ColaCorporation’sWaterEfficiencyandConservationStrategy Dr. Paul Bowen, Technology Director, The Coca-Cola Company

•TechnologyApproachesforMinimizingWaterUseinIndustry Marek Mierzejewski, Senior Director, International Project Development, Siemens Water

•WaterProfileoftheU.S.ForestProductsIndustry Paul Wiegand, Vice President-Water Quality, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement

•WaterUsageintheSemiconductorIndustryJeff Hanson, Engineering Manager, Texas Instruments

•UseofAlternativeWaterSourcesforPowerPlantCooling Dr. Robert Goldstein, Technical Executive, Water and Ecosystems, EPRI

•EPA'sNewOfficeoftheScienceAdvisorDr. Pai-Yei Whung, Chief Scientist, Office of the Science Advisor

•IndustrialWaterConservationandEPA’sEffluentGuidelines Carey Johnston, Environmental Engineer, U.S. EPA

Appendix B contains the available presentations.

3.2 Breakout Group DiscussionsIn alignment with the focus areas of the workshop, the intent was to have three breakout groups: Group 1 – Water Efficiency; Group 2 – Water Treatment and Reuse Practices; and Group 3 – Approach for Developing Standardized BMPs for Water Treatment and Reuse. However, Groups 1 and 3 merged during the workshop to form a larger group covering both water efficiency and BMPs.

Each group was given an assignment along with specific questions to discuss among the participants (Appendix C). Table 3-1 summarizes the assignments.

In general, the discussions addressed the following subjects as they pertain to the focus areas:

• Technologies and practices;• Barriers and breakthroughs;• Potential promotional tools; and• ASME roles.


Table 3-1. Breakout Group Assignments

3.3 Report Back and Open DiscussionThe workshop concluded by bringing all of the participants together to listen to presentations summarizing the results of the breakout group discussions. Appendix D contains the breakout group presentations. Following the breakout group presentations there was on open discussion on the next steps for ASME to pursue. The open discussion format also offered an opportunity for each participant to provide a closing remark. A summary of the closing remarks is also presented in Appendix D.

3.4 AttendeesThere were 46 workshop participants representing various institutions including:

• State and Federal agencies;• Government research laboratories;• Universities;• Private research organizations;• Representatives from water-intensive industries;• Water organizations;• Trade associations;• Consultants; and• ASME members and staff.

Appendix E lists the attendees and their affiliations.

Group AssignmentWater Efficiency • To define water efficiency practices and how they can be implemented in

industrial operations • To provide input to help develop an overall strategy for ASME to consider for

improving water efficiency practices in industry• To develop a list of ASME roles to catalyze technology deployment, implement

best practices, and increase awareness

Water Treatment and Reuse Practices • To define existing water reuse technologies and processes• To identify potential future water reuse technologies and processes• To identify how ASME can assist industrial users to implement optimal water

treatment and reuse practices

Approach for Developing Standardized BMPs for Water Treatment and Reuse

• To provide input to help develop an overall BMP strategy• To identify what roles ASME can play to support the development, promotion,

and adoption of BMPs for water use


4. Water Resource Innovations and Best Management Practices

The results are divided into the two focus areas: 1) water efficiency and BMPs; and 2) water treatment and reuse practices. The results reflect information provided in presentations as well as during the breakout groups and open discussions. Each group was directed to answer a series of questions, including:

• Water efficiency technologies, practices, and procedures;• Barriers/challenges;• Existing tools and resources;• Technological needs/opportunities; • Best management practices needs/opportunities; • Potential ASME roles in addressing needs and challenges;

and• Recommended high priority activities.

Group breakout deliberations and conclusions are summarized below.

4.1 Water Efficiency & Best Management PracticesIn the context of this workshop, industrial water efficiency is defined as using improved technologies and practices to deliver equal or better service with less water. In many ways, water resource BMPs include any number of water efficiency technologies. In addition, water resource BMPs also encompass water treatment and reuse technologies, which were addressed in Group 2 (see Section 4.2). Although water efficiency and water reuse ideally go hand-in-hand, they are nevertheless distinct from each other. Thus, the first breakout group became somewhat all-encompassing by covering both water efficiency and BMPs, but attempted to refrain from focusing on water treatment and reuse technologies.

The following subsections summarize the answers to specific questions addressed to each group.

4.1.1 Water Efficiency Technologies, Practices and Procedures There are many technologies, practices, and procedures suitable for improving water use efficiency. Table 4-1 lists specific examples of water efficiency technologies which have particular promise for industrial water and wastewater treatment, and thus are worth additional study.

Table 4-1. Water Efficiency Technologies Identified During Workshop

Technology• Measurement, monitoring and controls systems

(e.g., more precise control and distribution of water in spray systems)

• Linking process control with mechanical considerations associated with membranes

• Flue gas moisture capture

• Dry and near-dry machining to minimize water use

• SCADA advances

• Alternative cleaning technologies to reduce or eliminate the need for water

• Better water disinfection technologies to make wash processes more efficient (e.g., ozone, UV)

• Advanced cooling technologies (e.g., air-cooled condensers, hybrid wet-dry systems)

4.1.2 Barriers/Challenges There are a number of barriers and challenges associated with the adoption of industrial water efficiency technologies and BMPs. These barriers include geographic-specific problems, limited information and resources, and managerial or administrative roadblocks, all of which are summarized in Table 4-2.

4.1.3 Existing Tools and ResourcesA variety of existing tools and resources related to water efficiency were discussed. A few are particularly salient and worth close examination.

One potentially excellent source is the Global Environmental Management Initiative, or GEMI (www.gemi.org). This non-profit organization, which includes many diverse industrial companies such as Con Agra, Johnson & Johnson, and Scotts, has developed a number of documents on computing water balances and conducting best practices. For instance, GEMI’s “Counting the Drops” program provides worksheets for


industries to conduct water audits at the plant level. There was some feeling among the workshop participants that the program may be dated.

There are other more generic sources of information of value to ASME. For example, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) summarized nationwide current water use and needs in 2004.7 This report has valuable information, but may be too general to be of great benefit to ASME. In a

similar vein, the participants identified several more general sources:

•Estimating Water Use in the United States: A New Paradigm for the National Water-Use Information Program, National Research Council, Water Science & Technology Board, National Academy Press, ISBN 0-309-08483-0, Washington, D.C., 2004.

•The Drinking Water Dictionary, American Water Works Association, ISBN 1-58321-013-X, AWWA, Denver, CO, 2000.

•The Program on Technology Innovation: Technology Research Opportunities for Efficient Water Treatment and Use, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2008. Report #1016460.

• EPA Industrial Effluent Guidelines (e.g., Effluent Guideline for Aquatic Animal Production Industry, EPA-821-R-04-012, 2004, available at www.epa.gov/guide/aquaculture).

•Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures: 2005, U.S. Census Bureau Current Industrial Reports, MA200(05), issued April 2008.

In addition, water pinch analysis was brought up as an effective way to improve water use efficiency. Water pinch analysis is a systematic approach for analyzing and optimizing water use in a facility. Its primary purpose is to reduce freshwater consumption and minimize losses in waste streams by identifying opportunities for water reuse. Water pinch techniques evolved in the mid-1990s from thermal pinch studies, which were developed by EPRI and others in the 1970s in response to the first energy crisis.8 Water pinch has been mainly applied in industrial applications,9 but is beginning to be applied in commercial buildings.10 It is particularly effective when combined with thermal pinch analysis to address water and energy balances simultaneously.

The consensus of workshop participants was that even though water efficiency efforts are being made in industry, more tools and resources are needed to promote water efficiency further.

4.1.4 Technological Needs/Opportunities Workshop participants identified a range of water efficiency technological needs. Four of the most significant needs are summarized below.

•Leverageinternationalexpertise: The group first pointed to the need to consider the efforts by other research organizations outside of the United States. Specifically, the researchers in Australia and South Africa have developed excellent water technology resources due to the scarcity of water in their countries. In addition, the Dutch have developed very strong research programs which may be of benefit for the U.S. to investigate.

Table 4-2. Water Efficiency Barriers and Challenges Identified During Workshop

Barrier/Challenge• Geographic-specific problems

� Certain barriers are specific to location and include such items as the actual or perceived notion of an abundance of water supplies

� Similarly, plant location often impacts what is considered sustainable and what makes sense economically

� Site-specific issues and relatively cheap water supplies often make it hard to sell water efficiency because of the lack of a sense of urgency

• Limited information and resources � Another significant barrier to more widespread adoption of water efficiency technologies is limited available resources

� Resource limitations are particularly true for smaller industrial plants where there is insufficient engineering staff to investigate alternatives

� In addition, currently there is a lack of a driver within the engineering community to focus on and emphasize water efficiency and water use optimization

� Further, manufacturers of water and wastewater equipment do not have a standard or model for green equipment and sustainable operation

� Similarly, there is a lack of supply chain metrics, or a clear definition of what is meant by sustainability within a given watershed

• Managerial or administrative roadblocks � The group also identified several important administrative barriers

� One good example is that the plant manager often does not see the water bill and thus has no feel for how practices within the plant impact water efficiency

� In addition, competitive pressures tend to limit the potential for sharing best practices among industrial facilities because water savings technologies can provide a competitive advantage

� Finally, water efficiency is often pushed to the environmental, health, and safety staff and they must often juggle many different responsibilities; this inevitably means that water efficiency may not be emphasized in many industrial facilities

7. A Strategy for Federal Science and Technology to Support Water Availability and Quality in the U.S., National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) by their Subcommittee on Water Availability and Quality, 2004.

8. The first mention of water pinch appeared in: Wang, Y. P. and Smith, R., “Wastewater Minimisation,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Volume 49, pp. 981–1006, 1994.

9. For an industrial case study of water pinch, see: Ujang, Z., Wong, C.L. and Manan, Z.A., “Industrial wastewater minimization using water pinch analysis: a case study on an old textile plant,” Water Science and Technology, Volume 46, Number 11-12, pp 77-84, 2002, http://lequia.udg.es/lequianet/WatSciTech/04611/0077/046110077.pdf.

10. For a commercial case study of water pinch, see: Manan, Z. A., Wan Alwi, S. R. and Ujang, Z., “Water pinch analysis for urban system: a case study on the Sultan Ismail Mosque at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),” Desalination, Volume 194, pp. 52-68, 2006.


•Developmetrics: Participants identified the need for metrics for industrial water use and for ways to normalize water use. Also, the group emphasized the need to develop better supply chain metrics. Related to this is a need to standardize terminology to clarify what is meant by water efficiency, water conservation, water use, and water withdrawals.

•Delineatebenefits: There is a need to develop a resource that lists easy-to-understand reasons for promoting water efficiency.

•Obtainleadership: Finally, there is a need for better leadership from federal and state authorities. These entities also need to set specific water efficiency goals.

4.1.5 Best Management Practices Needs/Opportunities A variety of needs for the further development and refinement of appropriate BMPs were also identified. Specifically, the group was very supportive in the idea of developing a water and energy balance tool, much like some of the tools developed by the DOE’s Industrial Technologies Program (ITP). However, ASME’s role should not be in developing specific technologies or BMPs outside of ASME’s experience. Thus, while it would be appropriate to develop BMPs on common processes, such as boilers or power plants, ASME should refrain from developing BMPs specific to chemical coagulation or industrial processing, such as wood pulping. Instead, the group urged ASME to focus on consolidating inter-industry literature, using municipal wastewater in power plants, and differentiating between small, medium and large plant based BMPs.

4.1.6 ASME RolesDuring the discussions on tools and needs related to BMPs, the participants identified a number of technologies where ASME has extensive experience. These included:

• Power generation;• Industrial processes;• Cooling towers (use ASME heat transfer experience);• Heat transfer cooling (link to American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE));

• Concentrating solar;• Scrubbers;• Boilers; and• Nanotechnology.

The list above was not meant to be comprehensive; instead, the participants meant to develop a list of possible technologies that can encourage ASME to focus on water efficiency work in areas where ASME currently has some expertise.

Based on the topics described above, the discussion moved to identifying specific potential roles for ASME in the further development and promotion of water efficiency technologies

and BMPs. Most of the ideas provided had significant merit. The participants then voted to highlight ideas with the greatest merit. Specific criteria to identify the most meritorious ideas was not established, so each member of the group was given significant latitude in choosing the best ideas. Thus, individual group members may have based their choices on what they thought was most needed, what was best for industry, or what was best for ASME. Nevertheless, the ideas represent good possibilities for development of future ASME-sponsored programs in industrial water technologies and BMPs. Table 4-3 lists the roles identified along with the number of votes garnered and their resulting ranking.

4.1.7 High Priority Activities The “top-five” potential roles for ASME are listed below. These roles were given the highest ranking by workshop participants:

• Develop combined water and energy balance tool;• Use thermal pinch experience to promote water pinch;• Develop water tool like the Quick Plant Energy Profiler

(“Quick PEP”), which is a U.S. DOE online software tool designed to help industrial facilities quickly understand how plant energy is purchased and consumed as well as to help identify potential cost and energy savings opportunities;11

• Develop “Save Water” audit tool; and• Collaborate with water and wastewater associations/use

them as case studies.

Of the top five ideas, four are for development of specific tools. The top vote-getter was the development of a combined water and energy balance tool, which would provide users with a way to evaluate the impact of industrial energy use on water treatment technologies.

Other high priority areas worth pursuing include:

• Create standards for areas of expertise;• Participate in development of new standards;• Use water balance concept in new tool;• Establish a community engagement platform on water

management technology; and• Develop industry specific workshops to promote and

capture BMPs.

4.2 Water Treatment and Reuse PracticesIndustrial water treatment and reuse refers to the retention of process water that has already served a useful purpose for use again in another (or the same) beneficial purpose on-site before it is discharged into the natural water cycle. It involves collecting the used water, treating it, and redistributing it to the location of the new (or same) end-use.

Various aspects of water treatment and reuse were introduced in several of the workshop presentations. Water treatment and reuse practices were also the focus of Breakout Group 2.

11. Quick PEP Online Tutorial, webpage, Industrial Technologies Program, U.S. Department of Energy, accessed Nov. 2009, http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/quickpep_ml/tutorial1.aspx.


The following subsections describe the information provided and discussed during the workshop as it pertains to:

• Technologies, practices, and procedures;• Barriers/challenges;• Existing tools and resources;• Needs/opportunities; • ASME roles; and • High priority activities.

4.2.1 Technologies, Practices, and ProceduresThere are three potential stages of treatment for reused water: primary treatment, secondary treatment, and tertiary and/or advanced treatment. These stages may include steps such as clarification, filtration, removal or neutralization of dissolved organic/inorganic constituents, and disinfection. Ultimately, the degree of treatment is dictated by the level of water quality required in the reuse application. Matching water quality needs to the end-use is important for maximizing water use efficiency. Most water reuse applications necessitate tertiary or advanced treatment along with some degree of water disinfection.

There are numerous technologies for performing the different types of water treatment steps to produce the required quality of water for reuse. For the most part, the technologies are already commercially available, but their application in industrial water reuse is limited. The water treatment and reuse technologies identified during the workshop are listed in Table 4 4. In particular, membrane and membrane bioreactor technologies are considered to be key enablers for water treatment and reuse.

Several practices and procedures for facilitating water treatment and reuses were also identified during the workshop, including

• Monitoring and control of the treatment process (e.g., using SCADA);

• Heat recovery from processes for water treatment (e.g., distillation); and

• Process modification to reduce water or improve reuse opportunities.

4.2.2 Barriers/Challenges Before water treatment and reuse will be widely employed in the processes industries, a variety of barriers and challenges must be addressed. Some of the barriers and challenges apply at the plant level, while others require more widespread attention. Table 4-5 lists the barriers and challenges identified during the workshop. The most significant barriers pertain to the lack of experience in water reuse, misconceptions about its health and safety, regulatory constraints, and economics. Many of the technologies are already commercially available, but they have yet to be widely implemented and proven in industrial water treatment for the purpose of water reuse.

Table 4-3. Potential Roles for ASME Identified During Workshop:

Potential Roles for ASME: Water Efficiency and BMPs Votes Ranking

• Develop combined water and energy balance tool

9 1

• Use thermal pinch experience to promote water pinch

5 2

• Develop water tool like “Quick PEP,” the DOE Industrial Technologies Program tool developed to provide a quick assessment of industrial energy use

5 2

• Develop “Save Water” audit tool 5 2

• Collaborate with industrial water and wastewater equipment manufacturing associations/use them as case studies

5 2

• Conduct ASME terminology survey 4 3

• Create standards for areas of expertise

3 4

• Use water balance concept in new tool

2 5

• Develop water tracking procedures – awareness

2 5

• Develop technology specific workshops (e.g., cooling towers)

2 5

• Collaborate with other industry water seminars

2 5

• Develop ASME blog to promote/maintain networking

1 6

• Develop ASME climate change testimony

1 6

• Develop common terms in industries and for processes

1 6

• Develop climate change mitigation strategy for industries

1 6

• As with ASME nanotechnology “boot camps,” give one on water management technologies

0 7

• Establish an ASME community engagement platform on water management technology

0 7

• Develop support decision making tools with process data in areas of expertise

0 7

• Participate in development of new standards

0 7

• Develop industry specific work-shops to promote and capture BMPs

0 7


Table 4-4. Water Treatment and Reuse Technologies Identified During Workshop

Technology• Membrane technologies (in order of decreasing porosity)

� Microfiltration (MF) � Ultrafiltration (UF) � Nanofiltration (NF) � Reverse osmosis (RO)

• Biological treatment � Aerobic � Anaerobic

• Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor � Specific example of modular technology � For treatment of organic wastewater treatment � Ideal for industries such as food processing and pulp & paper

• Activated Sludge Process (ASP) followed by membrane bioreactors (MBRs)

� Specific example of a newer combination of technologies

• Gravity separation

• Advanced oxidation processes � Photocatalysis � Supercritical water oxidation � Electron beam irradiation

• Filtration � Including advanced tertiary filtration (e.g., electrofiltration)

• Microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment � Waste to energy process

• Resins

• Advanced adsorption

• Disinfection � Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection � Ozonation

Table 4-5. Barriers and Challenges to Water Treatment and Reuse Identified During Workshop

Barriers & Challenges• Technology feasibility

� Capability of the available technologies to treat water to the appropriate quality necessary for reuse

� Reliability of the technologies � Acceptability of the recovery efficiency

• Regulatory compliance � Compliance of the water treatment and reuse process with regulatory requirements and guidelines

� Experience of regulators in judging the effectiveness/safety of water treatment and reuse processes

• Management � Approval of facility management � Management concerns about the risks (cost and other implications) involved with implementing a new technology or process

• Economics � Cost-effectiveness for the industrial facility to incorporate water treatment and reuse to reduce freshwater withdrawals and wastewater discharges

� Comparison of costs with current water procurement and wastewater disposal costs

� Lack of available funding for infrastructure requirements

• Public perception and health � Public perception of water reuse in the given application

� Possibility that negative public perception will hurt business

� Development of a new term to improve public perception, e.g., “resource water”

� Support of local politicians

• Lack of training � Unfamiliarity of maintenance personnel and facility staff with water treatment and reuse technologies and processes

� Degree of difficulty in operating the technologies and processes by existing facility staff

� Requirement for trained operators

• Lack of information � Lack of benchmarking information for industries to turn to; some available information may be proprietary

� The relationships between water, energy, and CO2

emissions as they pertain to water treatment and reuse are not fully understood

• Contaminants and residuals management � Possibility that residuals management could create problems for the facility or the environment

� Unknowns about risks from pathogens, organics, trace contaminants, and salt accumulation

• Water rights � Applicability of water rights in some regions and industries

� Downstream effects of reducing the amount of water discharged back into the water cycle


4.2.3 Existing Tools and ResourcesWorkshop participants cited several excellent technical sources available on both industrial water treatment and industrial water reuse potential. Examples of existing tools and resources related to water reuse are listed below:

•GuidelinesforWaterReuse, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC: September 2004. EPA/625/R-04/108.

•The Program on Technology Innovation: Technology Research Opportunities for Efficient Water Treatment and Use, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2008. Report #1016460.

•Water Recycling and Reuse: The Environmental Benefits, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC: unknown publication date. EPA 909-F-98-001. http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/recycling/index.html.

• Takashi Asano and Ryujiro Tsuchihashi, Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications, Metcalf & Eddy/AECOM Press & McGraw Hill Professional: 2007.

• James G. Mann and Y. A. Liu, Industrial Water Reuse and Wastewater Minimization, McGraw-Hill, New York: 1999.

• Water reuse study by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), which was initially developed in 1973.

• WateReuse Foundation and WaterReuse Association, a variety of publications, www.watereuse.org.

• U.S. EPA, Effluent Guidelines, www.epa.gov/guide/.

Nevertheless, additional tools are required to encourage greater deployment of water treatment and reuse technologies and practices in industrial settings.

4.2.4 Needs/Opportunities Some of the breakthroughs needed to help overcome the barriers and challenges associated with water treatment and reuse in the process industries include:

• Research to fill in the knowledge gaps;• Increasing public awareness of the benefit of water reuse;• Correlation of energy and CO

2 impacts with water

savings through water reuse;• Technology transfer and education, such as continuing

education of operators and technical training of regulators;

• Testing facility for new water management technologies to reduce risk for industries;

• Improvements in instrumentation and controls;• Complete solution offerings – entities that design, build,

and operate systems;• Increased interaction between EPA’s Office of Research

and Development (ORD) and industry to promote research – there may be an opportunity for ASME as well; and

• Development of an on-line tool analogous to the Produced Water Management Information System (“PWMIS”) to help identify technology solutions for water treatment and reuse in industrial plants.12

4.2.5 ASME Roles A primary objective of the workshop was to identify ways ASME can assist in developing BMPs for industrial water management. A key aspect of effective and efficient industrial water management is greater deployment of optimal water treatment and reuse practices. Numerous potential opportunities for ASME to pursue related to water treatment and reuse were identified during the workshop. In addition, the participants in Group 2 – Water Treatment and Reuse Practices ranked the opportunities to point to ones best suited to ASME’s Water Management Technology Vision and the expertise of ASME’s members. Table 4-6 lists the roles identified along with the number of votes they received and their resulting ranking.

4.2.6 High Priority Activities The “top-five” potential roles for ASME are listed below. These roles were given the highest ranking by workshop participants:

• Provide technology transfer/education;• Define “10 Great Challenges”; • Produce an industry case study resource; • Develop testing facility for technologies; and• Develop an on-line tool analogous to the Produced

Water Management Information System (PWMIS) developed by Argonne National Laboratory; the PWMIS provides information on regulations concerning and technologies for managing produced water from oil and gas exploration and development.

Other opportunities identified that should be further evaluated for potential ASME roles and opportunities include:

• Identify/help develop emerging technologies; • Identify technologies for wastewater recovery

optimization - how to recover the most water;• Identify industries best-suited for water reuse;

� Map industries versus water use; � Benchmark industries as appropriate; and

• Give awards/recognition for successful water reuse activities.

12. The Produced Water Management Information System is an online resource for technical and regulatory information for managing produced water, including current practices, state and federal regulations, and guidelines for optimal management practices (see http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/PWMIS/ for more information).


Table 4-6. Potential Roles for ASME Identified During Workshop: Water Treatment and Reuse Practices

Potential Roles for ASME: Water and Reuse Practices Votes Ranking• Provide technology transfer/education

� Continuing education of professionals � Technical training for regulators � University curriculum

14 1

• Define “10 Great Challenges” � Identify specific goals to reach

13 2

• Produce an industry case study resource � Examples of multiple plants in multiple industries � Benchmarking tool

9 3

• Develop testing facility for technologies � To help reduce risk associated with trying new technologies

9 3

• Develop an on-line tool analogous to the Produced Water Management Information System (“PWMIS”)

� Use this tool as a model to develop new on-line tools for water treatment and reuse in specific industries

8 4

• Identify/help develop emerging technologies � Identify technologies for wastewater recovery optimization - how to recover the most water

6 5

• Identify industries best-suited for water reuse � Map industries versus water use � Benchmark industries as appropriate

3 6

• Determine CO2 footprints of reuse technologies or processes 3 6

• Develop costing models for pollutant removal 2 7

• Give awards/recognition for successful water reuse activities 1 8

• Advance industrial processes to incorporate water treatment and reuse effectively 1 8

• Identify an appropriate role to interact with the EPA Science Advisory Board to facilitate information transfer

0 9

• Hold bi-annual conference on industrial reuse 0 9

• Work with WateReuse Foundation to coin a new term for water reuse 0 9



5. Action Items

Each breakout group established five high priority activities. These activities were, in turn, used to developed specific action items for ASME. The action items, which are individually detailed on the following “one-pagers,” are based both on the high priority activities identified during the workshop and on ASME’s stated goal of working with other organizations and agencies to find solutions to these problems. Thus, the action items described here have the twin characteristics of being logical outgrowths from the workshop’s high priority activities and having excellent potential for collaboration with other partners, including governmental and nongovernmental organizations.

The workshop activities resulted in the identification of places where ASME can play an active and important role in furthering the efficient and effective use of water in U.S. industry. A quick review of all roles developed during the workshop, and in particular those potential roles given the highest priority, suggests some broad trends.

The trends can be described through three principal categories, including:

• Technology transfer;• Development of tools and techniques; and• Planning activities.

There are a number of technologies and tools available for water efficiency and water reuse, but workshop participants clearly see the importance of better communication of the needs for, and benefit from, a wider adoption of water efficiency and water reuse techniques. On the other hand, the workshop participants admitted that even though there is a wide range of solutions, it is a challenge for staff at specific industrial facilities to make informed choices. Thus, there is a considerable need for tools related to choosing the most appropriate treatment technology. Finally, U.S. industry encompasses a very wide range of facility sizes and water use characteristics. There is a need for a more thorough understanding of water use within specific industries to determine the best place for further assessment. Along these lines, the workshop participants identified a number of potential ASME roles that can be considered planning activities.

The potential action items are presented on the following pages and are arranged under the three principal categories: technology transfer, development of tools and techniques, and planning activities. ASME will explore collaboration opportunities with other partners in order to address these action items.

Top 10 Priority Activities

• Establish a Community Engagement Platform on Industrial Water Reuse Management Technology

• Establish ASME Awards/Recognition for Outstanding Water Reuse Projects, Equipment, and Activities

• Develop Industry-Specific Workshops to Promote and Capture BMPs

• Produce Industry Case Study Resource Guide

• Create Water Efficiency Codes and Standards Within Areas of Expertise

• Use Thermal Pinch Experience to Promote Water Pinch

• Develop On-Line Tool Analogous to the Produced Water Management Information System

• Define “10 Great Challenges” for Industrial Water Reuse

• Identify Industries Best-Suited for Water Reuse

• Establish Benchmarking through Case Studies


Priority Activity: Establish a Community Engagement Platform on Industrial Water Reuse Management TechnologyDescriptionThe application of best management practices and technology within industries throughout the U.S. is highly fragmented. Each industry tends to develop and apply industry-specific operating practices, technology, and equipment applications. These practices have usually been developed within a particular industry, often over many decades. It would be useful to establish a community engagement platform on industrial water reuse management technology.

Time Frame = Mid-term (1–3 years)

Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• The application of best management practices for water

reuse management, equipment, and technologies for a broad range of industries rather than the industry-specific practices that currently exist

Desired Outcomes• Establish ASME as an ongoing resource for information

exchange regarding best management practices for industrial water reuse management, equipment, and technology applications

Tasks1. Determine interest and funding support from key potential partners2. Conduct scoping study3. Establish an ongoing activity within ASME to provide information regarding optimal industrial water reuse

management, equipment, and technology applications

Potential Partnerships• WWEMA, WateReuse Foundation,

WEF, AWWA• Industries• EPA, DOE, EPRI

Key Milestones • Funding support• Steering committee approval• Complete scoping study

Immediate Next Steps• Contact potential collaborators

regarding interest and funding support• Review and input by steering

committee• Conduct scoping study

5.1 Technology Transfer

5.1.1 Community Engagement Platform


Priority Activity: Establish ASME Awards/Recognition for Outstanding Water Reuse Projects, Equipment, and ActivitiesDescriptionThere are many successful water reuse activities underway in the U.S. by both municipal and industrial water users. There are several benefits to be gained by recognizing and promoting these outstanding achievements. ASME, due to its prominence and professional reputation, would be a strong candidate to participate in establishing such an awards program that would recognize outstanding water reuse projects, equipment, and activities in the U.S.

Time Frame = Near-term (1–2 years)

Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• Recognition for outstanding reuse operations and

equipment applications is fragmented in the U.S.• A prominent, third party organization like ASME is ideally

suited to establish such a program

Desired Outcomes• Encourage excellence in reuse operations and equipment

throughout the U.S.• Establish ASME as a key, ongoing supporter of

outstanding water reuse practices

Tasks1. Determine interest from potential partners and funders regarding the establishment of an awards program to recognize

outstanding reuse projects and activities2. Conduct a scoping study to determine the feasibility of ASME partnering with existing awards programs or creating a

unique ASME awards/recognition program3. Create an ongoing awards program within ASME to recognize outstanding projects, organizations, equipment suppliers

and others, particularly within ASME’s membership4. Make first award(s) within 1 year

Potential Partnerships• WWEMA, WateReuse Foundation,

WEF, AWWA, AAEE• EPA• EPRI• Industries

Key Milestones • Funding support• Scoping study• Establish ASME program• Make first awards within 1 year

Immediate Next Steps• Contact potential partners regarding

interest • Review by steering committee• Conduct scoping study

5.1.2 Water Reuse Awards Program


5.1.3 Develop Workshops

Priority Activity: Develop Industry-Specific Workshops to Promote and Capture BMPsDescriptionASME has held two workshops to determine potential roles for ASME in the Water Reuse area. The result of these workshops has been to identify a need to develop and apply Best Management Practices (BMPs) for industrial reuse. This need can best be fulfilled by ASME holding industry-specific workshops.

Time Frame = Near-term (6 months to 2 years)

Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• There is a general lack of BMPs for industrial water reuse• BMPs do not easily translate from one industry to another• Many industries have proprietary restrictions on sharing

efficient operational practices

Desired Outcomes• Produce industry-specific BMPs• Develop general reuse guidelines that can be used for

more multiple industries• Engage ASME members and others in the efficient

application of industrial reuse• Establish ASME as a key resource for industrial reuse

workshops, BMPs, and other industrial water efficiency practices

Tasks1. Determine highest priority industries as candidates for workshops2. Consult steering committee regarding priorities for workshops, venue, and timing3. Secure funding support from industries and/or equipment suppliers4. Organize and conduct workshop(s)

Potential Partnerships• WateReuse Foundation, AWWA,

WEF, WWEMA• EPA, DOE, EPRI• High priority industries

Key Milestones • Prepare list of candidate

industries• Prepare scope for workshop(s)• Secure funding

Immediate Next Steps• Prioritize industrial candidates for

workshops• Conduct steering committee conference

call• Contact industries and others for

funding


Priority Activity: Produce Industry Case Study Resource GuideDescriptionIt would be useful to develop a resource guide that analyzes case studies of technologies and practices that reduce water use across various industrial applications. These case studies would serve as an unbiased benchmarking tool to provide water minimization and reuse guidance for industry best practices and technology applications. This effort would involve collaboration with equipment manufacturer associations to identify best case applications, determine multiple use benefits including water and energy reductions, and analyze best practices and benchmarking metrics to be used as guidance to assist stakeholders in reducing industrial water use.


Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• Getting consistent information• Focusing on water and energy• Avoiding proprietary information on product• Learning from Europe (European Union) and other

countries

Desired Outcomes• Resource for industries to access technologies for

meeting water reduction goals• Address multiple benefits for water reduction efforts• Cross-cutting technology application and practices can

be shared

Tasks1. Prepare case study resource guide white paper2. Assemble project team and develop scope3. Identify industrial case studies4. Conduct case study workshop5. Analyze case studies and complete resource guide6. Conduct conference and disseminate information

Potential Partnerships• WWEMA• Industry associations• Energy agencies• ASME committees• Stakeholders (industries such as those

attending workshop)

Key Milestones • Create white paper to define

project• Form partnerships• Identify technologies and

industrial applications as the basis of the case studies

Immediate Next Steps• Gather a group of interested people to

form steering committee• Poll industry experts to find best

industries and technologies to start with

5.1.4 Produce Case Study Resource Guide


Priority Activity: Create Water Efficiency Codes and Standards Within Areas of ExpertiseDescriptionASME has extensive expertise in the development of codes and standards for the mechanical engineering field. Workshop participants recommended that ASME leverage that expertise by developing standards for water conservation, water efficiency, and water use in specific industrial settings. For instance, ASME has a performance test code (PTC-23) “Atmospheric Water Cooling Equipment” so a water efficiency standard for cooling tower operation could be a natural extension of ASME’s existing knowledge base. A short list of specific ideas can be developed for further elucidation and analysis.


Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• Specific topical areas have not been identified• Current industry best management practices are scattered

under a variety of agencies and other organizations• Industrial water uses are many and varied, so developing

specific codes and standards will be a challenge

Desired Outcomes• Develop list of topics within industrial water efficiency

and conservation where ASME has sufficient expertise to develop appropriate codes and standards

• Develop two to five specific codes/standards for water efficiency and water conservation for industrial use

Tasks1. Conduct a literature search of water conservation and efficiency practices within various industrial sectors using EPA

effluent limitation guidelines, GEMI publications and tools, and other sources2. Identify water-using technologies and practices within the field of ASME expertise, such as cooling tower water

treatment, boiler water treatment, and condensate collection and reuse3. Develop list of topical areas in need of clearly defined codes or standards where ASME has sufficient expertise, so that

any code or standard developed by ASME would be considered “best of class”4. Convene a technical committee to develop a code or standard in one or more of the topical areas identified above as

pertains to efficient industrial water use (a particularly promising area currently lacking a standard may be water use in renewable energy, such as solar thermal or wind power)

Potential Partnerships• Other professional engineering

societies (e.g., ASCE, AIChE, etc.)• EPA• GEMI• Industries (Coca Cola, Siemens, Texas

Instruments, others)

Key Milestones • List of pertinent topical areas • Identification of appropriate

water management practices• Development of appropriate

codes or standards

Immediate Next Steps• Develop short list of most promising

topics for code and standard development

• Develop outline of code or standard for two to four of the most promising possibilities

5.2 Development of Tools and Techniques

5.2.1 Create Appropriate Water Efficiency Codes & Standards


Priority Activity: Use Thermal Pinch Experience to Promote Water PinchDescriptionThermal pinch has been highly successful since it incorporates a systematic computer based approach that sets thermodynamically achievable targets for a system and then finds economically viable approaches to move towards those targets. Water pinch is an adaptation of thermal pinch to the water/wastewater system. In thermal pinch, temperature versus mass flow rate times specific heat is used to find the thermodynamic temperature pinch point. In water pinch, pollutant concentration versus aqueous-stream mass flow rate is used to find the concentration pinch point. Water pinch can be complex due to the variety of pollutants to consider and number of treatment options. It would be useful to use thermal pinch experience to help promote water pinch analysis.


Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• Water pinch is not understood in the industry• The total water benefits are not quantified• Technology solutions have not been evaluated for water

pinch targets

Desired Outcomes• Define water pinch as a water quality and water use

benefit to industry• Provide information and education on how to use water

pinch• Provide methodology to evaluate technology solutions

using water pinch as a metric

Tasks1. Prepare scoping study to define the adaptations of thermal pinch for use as a water pinch tool for industrial applications

to manage water use2. Prepare case studies of industrial facilities that uses water pinch to manage water use3. Review new and emerging technologies with stated water pinch benefits4. Conduct workshop on water pinch applications for industrial water management5. Conduct industrial water pinch demonstrations

Potential Partnerships• Industries• DOE/EPA• EPRI

Key Milestones • Create industrial/governmental

partnerships• Conduct scoping study• Conduct site demonstrations

Immediate Next Steps• Discussion with potential partners to

confirm approach and obtain funding• Conduct scoping study

5.2.2 Develop Water Pinch Techniques


Priority Activity: Develop On-Line Tool Analogous to the Produced Water Management Information SystemDescriptionArgonne National Laboratory through the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory developed an online resource for technical and regulatory information known as Produced Water Management Information System, or PWMIS. Produced water is water trapped in underground formations that is brought to the surface during the production of oil and gas. It often contains a variety of contaminants including dissolved solids, oil and grease, and trace quantities of inorganic (e.g., radioactive materials) and organic compounds (e.g., drilling oils). Produced water represents the largest volume waste stream in oil and gas development and therefore can be a significant challenge to the environmentally-sensitive acquisition of these resources. PWMIS enables oil and gas producers to manage produced water in an economical and environmentally-acceptable manner. It would be useful to develop a new analogous online tool that provides water management information based either on specific industrial applications or on specific water treatment technologies.


Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• No central repository of information on industrial water

conservation and reuse practices• Tool can be either industry-focused or technology-focused,

but not both, and still be useful

Desired Outcomes• An Industrial Water Management Information System,

or IWMIS, hosted on the ASME website

Tasks1. Identify approach to developing the online tool based on either specific industries or on specific technologies; if specific

industries are chosen, these should be limited so that initial work can be more comprehensive2. Develop the outline for tool use, including navigation through various layers, so that data needs can be better defined3. Conduct thorough literature search for data on techniques and technologies to populate tool “layers”4. Develop descriptions of technologies for inclusion in the tool based on findings from literature search5. Develop list of yes/no questions for use in identifying appropriate technologies6. Develop technology identification module analogous to the one used in PWMIS7. Install tool on ASME website for use by industrial water practitioners

Potential Partnerships• EPA• DOE• Professional organizations (AIChE,

ASCE, others)• GEMI• Industries

Key Milestones • Collect information on tools

and technologies for use in industrial water conservation and reuse

• Develop beta-version online resource tool for industrial water conservation and reuse

Immediate Next Steps• Determine specific approach (i.e.,

vision) of how tool will be used• Develop an outline for tool use for use

as navigator through the tool’s various layers

• Identify potential funding sources

5.2.3 Develop On-line Water Reuse Tool


Priority Activity: Define “10 Great Challenges” for Industrial Water ReuseDescriptionWater supplies in the U.S. are limited in many areas due to population increases, power plant cooling needs, and drought conditions. Industrial water reuse can be an important source of water for many areas. By defining “10 Great Challenges” for water reuse in the U.S., it is expected that the great innovations and public support for water reuse will result.


Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• Many industries are reluctant to apply water reuse due to

regulatory barriers, unknown costs, operational and water quality impacts, negative public perception, and other factors

Desired Outcomes• Focus U.S. attention on the great potential for industrial

water reuse• Encourage industries to increase industrial reuse• Make industrial reuse more efficient and cost effective• Establish ASME as a key supporter of industrial reuse

Tasks1. Determine interest and funding support from potential partners2. Conduct a scoping study to identify key industries and beneficial outcomes3. Conduct an ASME workshop to identify challenges and determine how best to resolve these challenges in the U.S.4. Establish an ongoing ASME program to foster and accomplish the highest priority challenges resulting from this effort

Potential Partnerships• EPA, DOE, National Labs• WateReuse Foundation, WWEMA,

AWWA, WEF, Water Research Foundation

• EPRI• Industries

Key Milestones • Obtain funding support• Conduct workshop• Prepare and distribute ASME

report

Immediate Next Steps• Contact potential partners for ideas and

funding• Formulate approach• Get input from steering committee• Conduct working group session

5.3 Industrial Water Reuse Planning Activities

5.3.1 Define Top 10 Great Challenges


Priority Activity: Identify Industries Best-Suited for Water ReuseDescriptionWater use for industrial operations can involve complex resources for pumping, treatment, and storage. Often regional water resources are stressed, which impacts industrial water use even more. Many industries are required to treat their wastewater to meet extremely low levels of pollutants prior to discharge to public sewers or receiving streams. By applying water reuse practices, industries can reduce regional water stresses, eliminate wastewater discharge concerns, and utilize existing treatment infrastructure to reduce costs. The first step is to identify industries that are best-suited for water reuse.


Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• Water quality monitoring and control techniques need to

match industry needs• Many industries are reluctant to apply water reuse due to

regulatory barriers, unknown costs, operational and water quality impacts, negative public perception, and other factors

Desired Outcomes• Identify industrial sectors that can utilize water reuse

and quantify savings in water, energy, and overall costs • Focus U.S. attention on the great potential for industrial

water reuse• Encourage industries to increase industrial reuse• Make industrial reuse more efficient and cost effective• Establish ASME as a key supporter of industrial reuse

Tasks1. Determine interest and funding support from key industrial partners2. Conduct a scoping study to identify key industries and beneficial outcomes3. Conduct an ASME workshop to identify challenges and determine how best to promote and pursue these challenges in

the U.S.4. Establish an ongoing ASME program to foster and accomplish the highest priority challenges resulting from this effort

Potential Partnerships• Industries • EPA, DOE, National Labs• WateReuse Foundation, WWEMA,

AWWA, WEF, Water Research Foundation

• EPRI

Key Milestones • Obtain funding support• Conduct workshop• Prepare and distribute ASME

report

Immediate Next Steps• Contact potential partners for ideas and

funding• Formulate approach• Get input from steering committee• Conduct working group session

5.3.2 Identify Most Appropriate Industries


Priority Activity: Establish Benchmarking through Case StudiesDescriptionThere are few resources that support water use practices in the industrial sector. Most of what is available is dated and serves as a general overview. Technical information and education on specific water use operations such as cooling towers, boiler water use, quenching baths, cleaning operations, product formulation, and wastewater recovery is lacking.

This activity develops a resource guide that analyzes case studies of technologies and practices that reduce water use across various industrial applications. These case studies will serve as an unbiased benchmarking tool to provide water minimization and reuse guidance for industry best practices and technology applications. This effort will work with equipment manufacturer associations to identify best case applications, determine multiple use benefits including water and energy reductions, and analyze best practices and benchmarking metrics to be used as guidance to assist stakeholders in reducing industrial water use.


Key Challenges or Gaps Addressed• Identifying specific water use operations• Obtaining reliable unbiased information• Transfer of technology across industry sectors• Avoiding proprietary information

Desired Outcomes• Setting up ASME publications series and training series

via website• Identifying subject area experts• Cross-cutting technology application and practices can

be shared

Tasks1. Identify technology areas and subject area experts2. Obtain funding partners3. Prepare technical transfer publications and review team4. Organize training workshop series5. Organize web based distribution

Potential Partnerships• Stakeholders (industries such as those

attending workshop)• WWEMA• Industry associations• EPA/DOE• ASME committees

Key Milestones • Create white paper to define

project• Form partnerships• Identify technologies and

industrial applications as the basis of the case studies

Immediate Next Steps• Gather a group of interested people to

form steering committee• Poll industry experts to find best

industries and technologies to start with

5.3.3 Establish Benchmarking Metrics



Appendix A: Workshop Agenda

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations Workshop for the Process Industries

May 13-14, 2009 U.S. EPA – East Building

Enter at 1201 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC

Wednesday, May 13th Time Topic8:00 – 8:15 am Registration&ContinentalBreakfast

8:15 – 9:00 am WelcomeandIntroductions

• EPA Welcome, John Lyon, Senior Scientist, U.S. EPA• ASME's Perspective on Water Management Technology & Best Management Practices, Dr. Michael

Tinkleman, Director, Research ASME• Introduction of attendees and workshop overview, Keith Carns, Global Energy Partners

9:00 – 9:30 am WaterandEnergyResourceNeeds&ConstraintsintheU.S.Michael Hightower, Research Manager, Sandia National Laboratory

9:30 – 10:00 am WaterReuseResearchatEPA:CurrentandEmergingDriversDr. Audrey Levine, National Program Director for Drinking Water, U.S. EPA

10:00 – 10:30 am WaterReuseInitiativesintheU.S.Josh Dickinson, Director of Research, WateReuse Foundation

10:30 – 11:00 am Coca-ColaCorporation’sWaterEfficiencyandConservationStrategyDr. Paul Bowen, Technology Director, The Coca-Cola Company

11:00 – 11:30 am Break

11:30 – 12:00 pm TechnologyApproachesforMinimizingWaterUseinIndustryMarek Mierzejewski, Senior Director, International Project Development, Siemens Water

12:00 – 1:00 pm Lunchprovided

1:00 – 1:30 pm WaterProfileoftheU.S.ForestProductsIndustryPaul Wiegand, Vice President-Water Quality, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI)

1:30 – 2:00 pm WaterUsageintheSemiconductorIndustryJeff Hanson, Engineering Manager, Texas Instruments

2:00 – 2:30 pm UseofAlternativeWaterSourcesforPowerPlantCoolingRobert Goldstein, Technical Executive, Water & Ecosystems, EPRI

2:30 – 2:45 pm BackgroundandInstructionstoWorkgroupSessionsRay Ehrhard, Global Energy Partners/Washington University

2:45 – 3:15 pm Break

3:15 – 5:30 pm Workgroup Sessions

• Group 1-Water Efficiency Practices• Group 2-Water Treatment and Reuse Practices• Group 3-Approach for Developing Standardized BMPs

5:30 pm Networking Reception (Onsite)

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries A-1

Thursday, May 14th Time Topic7:30 – 8:00 am Continental Breakfast

8:00 - 8:15 am EPA'sNewOfficeoftheScienceAdvisorDr. Pai-Yei Whung, Chief Scientist, Office of the Science Advisor, U.S. EPA

8:15 – 8:45 am IndustrialWaterConservationandEPA’sEffluentGuidelinesCarey Johnston, Environmental Engineer, Office of Water, U.S. EPA

8:45 – 9:00 am SummaryofDay1andLogisticsforDay2Ray Ehrhard

9:00 – 11:30 am ResumeWorkgroupswithSpecificQuestionstoAddress

11:30 – 12:30 pm Lunchprovided

12:30 – 2:00 pm ReportsfromWorkgroups

2:00 – 3:00 pm OpenDiscussion/NextSteps—WhereDoWeGoFromHere?

3:00 – 3:30 pm ClosingRemarksbyAllParticipants

3:30 pm Adjourn-Dr.MichaelTinkleman,ASMEandDr.JohnLyon,U.S.EPA

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process IndustriesA-2

Appendix B: Presentations

Presentations are contained in attached CD

WaterandEnergyResourceNeeds&ConstraintsintheU.S.Michael Hightower, Research Manager, Sandia National Laboratory

WaterReuseResearchatEPA:CurrentandEmergingDriversDr. Audrey Levine, National Program Director for Drinking Water, U.S. EPA

WaterReuseInitiativesintheU.S.Josh Dickinson, Director of Research, WateReuse Foundation

Coca-ColaCorporation’sWaterEfficiencyandConservationStrategy Dr. Paul Bowen, Technology Director, The Coca-Cola Company

TechnologyApproachesforMinimizingWaterUseinIndustry Marek Mierzejewski, Senior Director, International Project Development, Siemens Water

WaterProfileoftheU.S.ForestProductsIndustryPaul Wiegand, Vice President-Water Quality, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement

WaterUsageintheSemiconductorIndustryJeff Hanson, Engineering Manager, Texas Instruments

UseofAlternativeWaterSourcesforPowerPlantCoolingRobert Goldstein, EPRI

IndustrialWaterConservationandEPA’sEffluentGuidelinesCarey Johnston, Environmental Engineer, U.S. EPA

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries B-1

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process IndustriesB-2

Appendix C: Breakout Group Assignments

Group 1 – Water EfficiencyDefinition: Industrial water efficiency is defined as using improved technologies and practices that deliver equal or better service with less water. This is different than water conservation, which reduces water consumption by eliminating non-productive waste or by foregoing what would have otherwise been productive use of water – essentially reducing production. Onsite water reuse is also being considered separately from water efficiency.

GroupAssignment: In this work group we will define water efficiency practices and how they can be implemented in industrial operations. The group will provide input to the questions and statements listed below and develop an overall strategy for ASME to consider for improving water efficiency practices in industry.

1. Identify examples of technologies and practices that can be used to reduce water use within industrial manufacturing processes.

2. List barriers to the adoption of water efficiency technologies and practices.

3. Identify tools and/or resources that are available to support water efficiency practices.

a. What are some recent breakthroughs?

b. Are the tools and resources common across industrial sectors or limited to particular industries?

List ASME roles to catalyze technology deployment, implement best practices, and increase awareness.

Group 2 – Water Treatment and Reuse PracticesDefinition: Water is used by industry for a variety of processes, including cooling, heating, fabricating, cleaning, diluting, product washing, formulation and transportation. Often there is a substantial opportunity for water treatment and reuse. Water treatment and reuse is defined as the treatment of process wastewater which is then put to use on-site, or recycled, for another (or the same) purpose. It is not the use of alternative water sources or nontraditional (i.e. impaired) water sources.

GroupAssignment: This work group will define existing and potential future water reuse technologies and processes.

1. Identify existing technologies to be used in industrial water treatment and reuse.

2. Identify potential technical, regulatory, and cultural barriers and breakthroughs to implementing industrial water reuse.

3. What are the processes and procedures used by industrial water users to identify and implement potential water reuse schemes?

4. How can ASME assist industrial users to implement optimal water treatment and reuse practices?

Group 3 – Approach for Developing Standardized BMPs for Water Treatment and ReuseDefinition: Best Management Practices (BMPs) in the water sector have traditionally been defined as effective and practical guidelines for the prevention or reduction of pollution from non-point sources. These guidelines may incorporate structural, non-structural, and managerial techniques that minimize pollution and water use impacts.

ImplementationofBMPs: The specific focus of this breakout session is on how to utilize BMPs for minimizing the use of water in industrial manufacturing. Water is used in industry for processes such as cooling, heating, fabricating, cleaning, diluting, product formulation, transportation, and sanitation. Industrial water efficiency is defined as using improved technologies and practices that deliver equal or better service with less water.

GroupAssignment: In this work group we will define how BMPs can be used in the industrial manufacturing sector to minimize water use and effectively manage the use of water resources within the manufacturing process. The group will provide input to the questions and statements listed below to develop an overall BMP strategy.

1. Identify examples of how BMPs are currently being used in industry to minimize water use.

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries C-1

2. What are some of the barriers for implementing BMPs in industrial operations?

a. List tools and methods for promoting BMP use for water minimization.

b. Are there commonalities in BMP approaches between industrial sectors?

3. How can BMPs for water use be developed and standardized on a national basis?

a. List industrial sectors and organizations that would benefit the most from the use of BMPs for water minimization.

b. What codes, standards, or guidelines currently exist?

4. What roles can ASME play to support the development, promotion, and adoption of BMPs for water use?

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process IndustriesC-2

Appendix D: Breakout Group Results

Refer to attached CD

Group1 – Water Efficiency and Best Management Practices

Group2 – Water Treatment and Reuse Practices

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries D-1

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process IndustriesD-2

Appendix E: Participant List

Joan Aron, Ph.D. AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-564-0131 Email: [email protected]

David Berry Manager and Facilitator Sustainable Water Resources Roundtable Tel: 703-741-0791 Email: [email protected]

Norman Birchfield Acting Senior Environmental Technology Officer U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-564-2911 Email: [email protected]

Paul L. Bishop, Ph.D, PE, BCEE Program Director for Environmental Implications of Emerging Technologies National Science Foundation Tel: 703-292-2161 Email: [email protected]

Paul T. Bowen, Ph.D. Director, Strategic Business Initiatives The Cola-Cola Company Tel: 404-676-0132 Email: [email protected]

Camille Calimlim House Subcommittee on Water & Power, Committee on Natural Resources Tel: 202-225-8331 Email: [email protected]

Keith Carns, PE, DEE Vice President Global Energy Partners Tel: 559-642-2082 Email: [email protected]

Shahid Chaudhry Program Manager, Water-Energy Efficiency California Energy Commission Tel: 916-654-4858 Email: [email protected]

Betsy Cody Congressional Research Service Tel: 202-707-7229 Email: [email protected]

Joshua Dickinson Director of Research WateReuse Foundation Tel: 703-548-0880 Email: [email protected]

Ray Erhard, PE, BCEE Global Energy Partners Washington University Tel: 314-935-8589 Email: [email protected]

Stephen Goguen Technology Development Manager Office of Industrial Programs U.S. Department of Energy Tel: 202-586-8044 Email: [email protected]

Robert Goldstein, Ph.D Technical Executive, Water & Ecosystems EPRI Tel: 650-855-2593 Email: [email protected]

James A. Goodrich, Ph.D National Risk Management Research Lab. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 513-569-7605 Email: [email protected]

Janet Goodwin Technology & Statistics Branch Chief, Engineering & Analysis Division U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-566-1060 Email: [email protected]

Gerry Hamilton Senior Associate Global Energy Partners, LLC Tel: 925-482-2000 Email: [email protected]

Jeffrey Hanson Engineering Manager Facilities Texas Instruments Tel: 972-996-1300 Email: [email protected]

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries E-1

G. Kimball Hart President Hart, McMurphy & Park, Inc Tel: 540-687-5866 Email: [email protected]

Michael Hightower Research Manager Sandia National Laboratories Tel: 505-844-5499 Email: [email protected]

Chris Hornback Senior Director, Regulatory Affairs National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA) Tel: 202-833-9106 Email: [email protected]

I. S. Jawahir, Ph.D. Professor and James F. Hardymon Chair in Manufacturing Systems Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and Center for Manufacturing University of Kentucky Tel: 859-257-6262 x207 Email: [email protected]

Carey A. Johnston, PE Environmental Engineer U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Tel: 202-566-1014 Email: [email protected]

Norma Johnston Business Manager, CRTD ASME Tel: 202-785-7395 Email: [email protected]

Dawn Kristof Champney President Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association, Inc. Tel: 703-444-1777 mail: [email protected]

Russell Lefevre, Ph.D. 2008 President IEEE-USA Tel. 310-378-5983 Email: [email protected]

Audrey Levine, Ph.D. National Program Director for Drinking Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-564-1070 Email: [email protected]

John Lyon, Ph.D. Senior Scientist U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-564-9991 Email: [email protected]

Marek Mierzejewski Senior Director, International Project Development Siemens Tel: 804-290-4351 Email: [email protected]

Jami Montgomery AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-564-0693 Email: [email protected]

John Murphy Global Energy Partners Washington University Tel: 314-935-5157 Email: [email protected]

Ed Osann President Potomac Resources Inc. Tel: 202-507-4032 Email: [email protected]

Kelly E. Parmenter, Ph.D. Senior Associate Global Energy Partners, LLC Tel: 805-693-9292 Email: [email protected]

Darrell W. Pepper, Ph.D. Director of NCACM Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada Las Vegas Tel: 702-895-1056 Email: [email protected]

Abhinaya Puri Associate Global Energy Partners, LLC Tel: 925-482-2028 Email: [email protected]

J. Alan Roberson Director of Security & Regulatory Affairs American Water Works Association Tel: 202-628-8303 Email: [email protected]

Jonah Schein Program Analyst Water Sense Program U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-564-2720 Email: [email protected]

Kyle Schilling ASCE-EWRI Tel: 540-933-6613 Email: [email protected]

Brandes Smith Program Manager, Emerging Technologies ASME Tel: 917-596-0306 Email: [email protected]

Ethan Timothy Smith, Ph.D. Coordinator Sustainable Water Resources Roundtable Tel: 703-860-1038 Email: [email protected]

Neil Stiber Office of the Science Advisor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-564-1573 Email: [email protected]

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process IndustriesE-2

Michael Tinkleman, Ph.D. Director, Research ASME Tel: 202-785-7394 Email: [email protected]

John Veil Manager – Water Policy Program Argonne National Laboratory Tel: 202-488-2450 Email: [email protected]

Pai-Yei Whung, Ph.D. Chief Scientist Office of the Science Advisor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-564-0789 Email: [email protected]

Paul Wiegand Vice President – Water Quality National Council for Air and Steam Improvement Tel: 919-941-6417 Email: [email protected]

Thomas Yoder Resource Development Manager Water Environmental Resource Foundation Tel: 703-684-2470 Ext. 7149 Email: [email protected]

Phil Zahreddine Branch Chief, Municipal Technology Office of Wastewater Management U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 202-501-2397 Email: [email protected]

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries E-3

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process IndustriesE-4

Appendix F: Related Water Organizations

American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) www.aiche.org

American Water Resources Association (AWRA) www.awra.org

American Water Works Association (AWWA) www.awwa.org

Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA) www.amwa.net

Beverage Industry Environmental Roundtable (BIER) bieroundtable.com

California Energy Commission (CEC) www.energy.ca.gov/process/water/index.html

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) www.water.ca.gov

Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI) www.gemi.org/water/

Electric Power Research Association (EPRI) www.epri.com

Environmental & Water Resources Institute (EWRI) www.ewrinstitute.org

Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) www.nps.gov/lwcf

National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA) www.nacwa.org

National Council for Air and Stream Improvements (NCASI) www.ncasi.org

National Groundwater and Wells Association (NGWA) www.ngwa.org

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) www.noaa.gov

National Resource Defense Council (NRDC) www.nrdc.org/water

National Rural Water Association (NRWA) www.nrwa.org

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) www.ostp.gov/cs/nstc

National Water Resources Association (NWRA) www.nwra.org

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) www.pnl.gov

Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) www.rmi.org

Sandia National Laboratory www.sandia.gov/energy-water

Siemens Water www.water.siemens.com

University of Florida www.waterinstitute.ufl.edu

University of Wisconsin wri.wisc.edu

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) www.usbr.gov

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) www.nal.usda.gov/wqic

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/ewr/water/

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) www.epa.gov/ow/

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) water.usgs.gov

Washington University in St. Louis www.wustl.edu

Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association (WWEMA) www.wwema.org

Water Environment Federation (WEF) www.wef.org

Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) www.werf.org

Water Quality Association (WQA) www.wqa.org

Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) www.waterresearchfoundation.org

WateReuse Association and WateReuse Foundation www.watereuse.org

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries F-1

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Appendix G: Overview of ASME

Serving...• Academia

• Early career engineers

• Government agencies

• Industry

� Bio-pharmaceutical

� Energy

� Manufacturing

� Nanotechnology

� Pressure technology

� Sustainability

� Water management technology

To efficiently and effectively serve the needs of the engineering profession, ASME has established five specialized sectors. By working together, these sectors provide engineers and technical professionals along with those in academia and government with a combination of products and services tailored for today’s rapidly changing global technological environment. The sectors include:

•StandardsandCertification—Establishes a set of technical definitions, instructions, rules, and guidelines for designers, manufacturers, and users to promote the safety, reliability, uniformity, productivity, and efficiency of engineering components and equipment.

•KnowledgeandCommunity—Serves as a communications platform for connecting students, engineers, government officials, and industry practitioners to facilitate technology transfer, share best practices, and discuss common issues.

•Centers—Advances the engineering profession by increasing public awareness of engineering contributions to society, promoting professional and ethical engineering practices, advocating excellence in engineering education, and cultivating leadership and diversity among all engineering fields.

•Institutes—Provides a focused arena for business activities relevant to identified technical and technology endeavors including networking and information exchange opportunities.

•StrategicManagement—Identifies key opportunities to impact public policy relevant to engineering and sets priorities for ASME initiatives to effectively meet industry needs.

ASME helps the global engineering community develop solutions to real world challenges. Founded in 1880 as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME is a not-for-profit professional organization that enables collaboration, knowledge sharing and skill development across all engineering disciplines, while promoting the vital role of the engineer in society. ASME codes and standards, publications, conferences, continuing education and professional development programs provide a foundation for advancing technical knowledge and a safer world.

ASME strives to promote and enhance the technical competency and professional well-being of its members, and through quality programs and activities in mechanical engineering, better enable its practitioners to contribute to the well-being of humankind.

For more information, visit www.asme.org.

ASME prides itself in setting the standard…

… in engineering excellence… in knowledge, community, and advocacy… for the benefit of humanity

Meeting the Needs of the Global Technological Community

Vision: "ASME will be the essential resource for mechanical engineers and other professionals throughout the world for solutions that benefit humankind"

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries G-1

Who We Are What We DoSt

anda

rds

and

Cer

tifica

tion

Supervisory and advisory boards managing over 700 technical committees with 4,000 volunteer members, including expert engineers, users, manufacturers, consultants, universities, testing laboratories, insurance interests, and government regulatory agencies

• Maintain approximately 500 codes and standards covering areas such as boiler and pressure vessel components, piping and pipelines, elevators, fasteners, geometric dimensioning & tolerancing, and machine tools. Develop the preeminent, universally applicable codes, standards, conformity assessment programs, and related products and services for the benefit of humanity

• The Engineering Management Certification Institute (EMCI) offers certification and accreditation courses, management training, licensure assistance (including webinars, short courses, on-site training, books, and videos)

• The Continuing Education Institute

Kno

wle

dge

and

C

omm

unity

Volunteer members serving in over 800 resource platforms, including 37 technical divisions, 220 geographical sections, 500+ student sections, 215 online communities of practice, and the Center for Research and Technology Development (CRTD)

• Form collaborative efforts• Share best practices• Support communities of practice• Provide forums for outreach• Focus programs on critical issues that impact early career engineers, government

agencies, and industry• Publish 21 technical journals• Conduct 15 technical conferences• CRTD coordinates a member-driven, pre-competitive, collaborative research

program• The Emerging Technologies area offers an expanded portfolio of available

products and services in emerging fields of new technology, such as nanotechnology, fuel cells, and nanoengineering for medicine and biology

Cen

ters

Volunteer members serving in 24 committees, including three in public awareness; five in professional practice, development, and ethics; 11 in education; and five in leadership and diversity

• Sponsor competitions and awards to inspire future innovations and celebrate past achievements

• Supervise student/professional development activities• Support development of ethics standards and reviews• Provide resources for the support, development, and recognition of excellence

among mechanical engineering education community worldwide• Lead, facilitate, coordinate, and support leadership development, mentoring,

and diversity and outreach activities

Inst

itute

s

ASME staff serve in two institutes focused on specific technology areas. Volunteers have the opportunity to participate in the technical committees and technical communities of the two institutes

• International Gas Turbine Institute (IGTI) • International Petroleum Technology Institute (IPTI)

Stra

tegi

c

Man

agem

ent

Two boards, comprised of industry executives, engineering academics, and ASME staff, supervising interactions with government and industry, and providing internal and external insight on trends and opportunities that impact the engineering community

• The Board on Government Relations provides guidance and aid in developing strategies, testimony, and position papers to ensure issues of importance to the practice of mechanical engineering are made in the best interest of the public

• The Industry Advisory Board provides a voice for industry within ASME to ensure ASME programs are relevant and effective

• Strategic Initiatives and Innovation supports ASME strategic initiatives and innovation products for industry, early career engineers, and globalization

• Strategic Issues conducts annual environmental scans and produces bimonthly Issue Briefs on emerging trends affecting engineering

Serving the Engineering Community

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process IndustriesG-2

Appendix H: Acronyms

ASP = Activated Sludge Process

BMP = Best Management Practice

CO2 = Carbon Dioxide

MBR = Membrane Bioreactor

MF = Microfiltration

NF = Nanofiltration

PWMIS = Produced Water Management Information System

RO = Reverse Osmosis

SCADA = Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

TRI = Toxics Release Inventory

UF = Ultrafiltration

UV = Ultraviolet

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process Industries H-1

ASME Water Management Technology Best Management Practices and Innovations for the Process IndustriesH-2

Documents

Water Management Technology