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Water Management in Paris AreaToward sustainable devlopment
Jean-Pierre TABUCHI
Direction Santé Environnement
Successive visions of sanitation
Objectives in sanitation has changed
1. 19th century to mid 20 th century : Hygienic approach - Evacuate waste water downstream from Paris
2. At the turn of the 70’s : Environmental approach
3. At the end of the 80’s : Sustainable Development
� Being a major actor in sustainable development of Pari s area � Regarding to the preservation of the Seine river, t he English
Channel and the Northern Sea
� Being a public utility environmentally responsible� fulfilling its mission with the smallest environmen tal footprint as
possible
� Being a « ecocitizen » public utility� ensuring that in its daily activity it shows in his exemplary
behavior towards the environment as should every ci tizen
� Being aware about sustainable sanitation financing
What Sustainable Development means for the SIAAP ?
Content
�SIAAP's presentation�Financial informations�The SIAAP and the Greater Paris
SIAAP's Presentation
The Seine river in Paris…
Région Ile-de-France
SIAAP presentation
Val d'Oise
Yvelines
Essonne
Seine et Marne
La Seine
La Marne
L'Oise
Seine-Saint-Denis
Val de Marne
Hauts
de
Seine
PARIS
The formally SIAAP� 4 departments (administrative
divisions of France)The SIAAP Board (33 elected members)
� 124 municipalities� 6.6 M inhabitants
Extended SIAAP limits� 162 municipalities� 2.3 M inhabitants
SIAAP :� 286 municipalities� 8,9 M connected inhabitants� 400 industrial companies� 15 000 km of municipal sewers
� 1820 km2
� 2 400 000 m3/d� Mainly a combined sewer system� Outer suburb : separate system
The SIAAP’s Board
�33 members�Paris : 12 members�Each Departement : 7 members = 21
members�President : M. Ouzoulias�An executive board : 14 members
�Date of Birth : 1970
Financial Data
� Investment (2013) : 513 M€�Operating expenses (2013) : 573 M€
� Opération (maintenance, energy, chemicals, etc.)� Wages (1770 employees)� Financial amortization
�Average Water Price : 3,66 €/m 3 (2012)� 1,37 €/m3 for water supply� 2,26 €/m3 for sanitation with 0,81 €/m 3 for SIAAP
Seine River Catchment
Area : 97 000 km 2
Population : 17 000 000 inhabitants8 regions, 25 counties, 9 000 communitiesRivers length : 66 000 km
Seine River Catchment
Seine river length : 762 kmArea : 78 650 km 2
Seine River Catchment
Marne river length : 506 kmArea : 8 850 km 2
Seine River Catchment
Oise river length : 340 kmArea : 16 108 km 2
Hydrology
� Flow (Paris)
• Average flow : 310 m3/s• Mediane : 210 m3/s• Low flow : 95 m3/s
� Rainfall
• Average : 650 mm/y • 950 mm (2001) - 450 mm (2003)• 170 d/y with 110 day > 1 mm
Main French rivers : average interannual flow
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
janv. févr. mars avr. mai juin juil. août sept. oct. nov. déc.
Déb
it m
³/s
La Seine
La Loire
Le Rhône
Le Rhin
A small river under a high anthropogenic pressure
�Seine river low flow in Paris : 91 m 3/s
m3/d/inhabitant 65 18 1,2
Rhin Rhône Seine
Source : DRIEE
Population
Area Population DensityNumber of community
Paris 105 2 153 600 20 433 192 176 1 517 000 8 619 3693 236 1 459 000 6 182 4094 245 1 279 000 5 220 4777 5 915 1 260 000 213 51478 2 284 1 395 000 611 26291 1 804 1 188 000 659 19695 1 246 1 148 000 921 185
Paris Area 762 6 408 600 8 406 124Ile-de-France 12 011 11 399 600 949 1 281
CityDensity
inhab/km 2
Paris 20 433Djakarta 13 290NY 10 292New Delhi 9 291Paris Area 8 406Moscou 7 540Hong Kong 6 688Rio 5 190Londres 4 700Amsterdam 4 477Mexico 3 584Washington 3 127LA 3 041
5 WWTP: 2,6 Mm3/j Dry weather,3,5 Mm3/j Max. biological capacity4,6 Mm3/j Rainy conditions450 km of meshed transport network900 000m3 of storage capacity
WWTP Storage facilities
Seine Morée
1700 employees
� Length : 420 km � Diameter : 2,5 to 6 meters � Depth : 10 to 100 meters
Main Sewers
Storage facilities : 900 000 m3
� For stromwater management� Against floods and for stormwater pollution control
Seine river
� 2 specific kinds of settlements :
26 barriers for Wastes collection 5 oxyge n Bublers:Videos -barrages flottantsVidéos - OxygenBubblers
Real Time Control : MAGES
� Developped by the SIAAP and its partners � Aims :
• Reduce stormwater spillages (not more than 2 spills/year)
• Optimized WWTP filling and emptying storage tanks
� With :
• Rainfall forecasts• Numerical modelling
Capacity evolution
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2007
Millions de m³/an
Capacité de traitement
Eaux usées produites
Achères I
Achères II
Achères III
Achères IV
Valenton IA
Valenton IB
ColombesValenton II
Grésillons
Waste water production
WWTP Capacity 2012
Dry Weather
BOD5 NTKSeine aval 4 564 000 4 818 000
Seine amont 2 618 000 2 277 000Seine centre 982 000 774 000
Seine Grésillons 320 000 299 000Marne aval 500 000 464 000
Total 8 984 000 8 631 000
BOD5Seine aval 7 500 000
Seine amont 3 667 000Seine centre 900 000
Seine Grésillons 372 000Marne aval 555 000
Total 12 993 000
Units : Persons Equivalent
Rainy Weather
Waste Water Washing Machine
Population municipale : 8 860 000 habitants
Bilan te chnique 2009
Réseaux com munauxet dépa rtementaux
Réseau de t ranspo rt SIAAP
POLLUANTS ELIMINES
MES : 587,5 t/jDBO5 : 445 t/j
DCO : 1048,5 t/jNTK : 97,56 t/jPtot : 13,3 t/j
Volume : 2 351 000 m3/jMES : 634 t/jDBO : 481 t/jDCO : 1191 t/jNTK : 119 t/jPtot : 15,6 t/j
ENTREE USINESVolume : 2 315 000 m3/jMES : 622 t/jDBO5 : 475 t/jDCO : 1175 t/jNTK : 118,1 t/jPtot : 15,4 t/j
REJETS DES USINES
MES : 38 t/jDBO5 : 31 t/jDCO : 130 t/jNTK : 20,7 t/jNGL : 70,1 t/j Ptot : 2,2 t/j
Sa bles : 5,8 t/jDéchets : 11,3 t/j
Déve rsements temps de pluie
MES : 31,5 t/jDBO5 :15,5 t/jDCO :42,9 t/jNTK : 3,1 t/jPtot : 0,5 t/j
Rejets directs1 jour
Volume : 6 220 m3/jMES : 2 t/jDBO5 : 1 t/jDCO : 2,8 t/jNTK : 0,2 t/jPtot : 0,03 t/j
Graisses : 6,5 t/jSa bles : 9,8 t/j
Déchets : 12,2 t/jBoues biologiques : 351,8 t/j
ENERGIE - REACTIF
106 jou rsVolume : 99 000 m3/j
Seine- AvalSein-AmontSeine-Centre
Seine-GrésillonsMarne-Aval
ENERGIE : 2 603 MWhGaz - achats : 175 MWhGaz - production : 1 173 MWhElect ricité - achats : 1120 MWhElect ricité - prod . : 77 MWhFioul : 72 MWh
REACTIFSChlo rure fer rique : 201 tMéthanol : 45,6 tNitrate de calcium : 94 t
ENERGIE - REACTIF /jour
Energy : the main data
�Energy purchase in 2012
� 96 % of the total energy budget for water treatment� 20 % of the current operating cost
�Self production� Biogas : 499 582 MWh
�Total needs : 1000 GWh
MWh Dépenses €
Gas oil 24 415 1 842 054
Natural gas 85 035 3 436 226
Electricity 443 000 24 901 394
Total purchase 552 450 30 179 674
Seine aval2012 energetic balance
Autoproduction Achats
Electricité FOD Gaz naturel - PCI Biogaz
234.7 GWh 9.5 GWh 18.1 GWh 434.8 GWh 262.3 GWh
Electricité autoproduite
42.0 GWh 164.7 GWh Besoins énergétiques
625.1 GWh
276.7 GWh Traitement de l'eau : 305.9 GWh
TOTAL Electricité TOTAL FOD
231.8 GWh 9.5 GWh 64.6 GWh 14 011 185 €
Autres
Air process 51.9 GWh
9.2 GWh 12.7 GWh
Traitement des boues : 316.2 GWh
TOTAL Electricité TOTAL FOD TOTAL Gaz naturel TOTAL Biogaz42.0 GWh .1 GWh 18.1 GWh 205.4 GWh
Chauffage digestion34.1 GWh50.6 GWh
Conditionnement thermique
.0 GWh 11.4 GWh 168.8 GWh
Divers
.1 GWh 6.7 GWh 2.5 GWh
Torchères12.8 GWh
2.7 GWh Autres divers .2 GWh
TOTAL Biogaz+chaleur
Impact on receiving waters
BOD 5
Ammonia
Phosphorus
24,0
19,7
30,6
24,2
20,9
17,5
23,1
15,7
23,4
19,2
16,3
12,0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Not
e IP
R
Fish index
Financial data
A new situation
• Financial difficulties of local authorities
• In front of the reduction in the consumptions :• Where to find the new financial resources tomorrow?
• How to finance the general water policy� Is the water bill the right base ?� Where the water bill stops and wheer starts the taxpa yer
• New stakes � Access to water for all� Stormwater management� Asset management� …
Water Price
Prix Zone Eau de Paris : 3,02 €/m3Prix Zone SEDIF : 4,00 €/m3
Prix Moyenne territoire SIAAP: 3,57 €/m 3
Water price on SIAAP area
�Des écarts importants sur le prix de l'eau (hors abonnement)
Eau potable
€/m3
Assainissement
€/m3
Total
€/m3
Avec Paris 1.370 2.263 3.633
Sans Paris 1.621 2.518 4.138
Paris 1.112 2.000 3.112
€/m3
Paris 3.112
92 4.073
93 4.205
94 4.121
€/m3
Min 3.1123
Centile 10 3.9839
Centile 25 4.0080
Médiane 4.1184
Centile 75 4.2277
Centile 90 4.4820
Max 5.1417
Prix moyen
Prix moyen par département
Répartition
One main reason : municipal sewarage fee
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Prix de l'eau €/m3
Décomposition du prix de l'eau
Prix total
Eau potable
Redevance commun.
Redevance départ.
Redevance SIAAP
Paris 92 93 94 SIAAP Tout
Min 0,160 0,114 0,086 0,086 0,086
Centile 10 0.168 0.240 0.187 0,174 0,188
Centile 25 0.168 0.240 0.213 0,213 0,240
Centile 50 0.183 0.340 0.308 0,300 0,335
Centile 75 0.299 0.648 0.399 0,414 0,599
Centile 90 0.340 0.832 0.529 0,680 0,834
Moyenne 0.297 0,247 0,417 0,304 0,304 0,328
Max 0,382 1,27 0,744 1,265 1,332
Variations of municipal sewarage fee
Density of service
Urbaine Périurbaine Rurale TotalIle-de-France 4,4 16,4 0,0 5,5Total France 10,1 24,1 24,1 14,7
Commune Meter/housing Commune Meter/inhabLe Pré Saint Gervais 0,9 Le Pré-Saint-Gervais 0,40Pantin 1,0 Pantin 0,45Les Lilas 1,4 Les Lilas 0,62Paris 1,4 Bagnolet 0,74Bagnolet 1,7 Saint-Ouen 0,79Saint-Ouen 1,8 Paris 0,84Romainville 2,2 Romainville 0,88Le Bourget 2,4 Noisy-le-sec 0,94Montreuil 2,7 Le Bourget 0,95Noisy-le-sec 2,9 Dugny 1,03
Commune Meter/housing Commune Meter/inhabMalakoff 8,4 Malakoff 4,04La Garenne-colombes 8,5 La Garenne-colombes 4,10Châtillon 8,9 Saint-Cloud 4,74Saint-Cloud 10,5 Coubron 4,76Coubron 12,8 Châtillon 5,17Sèvres 13,7 Sèvres 6,02Chaville 15,7 Chaville 7,19Ville-d'Avray 22,0 Vaucresson 9,58Vaucresson 23,4 Ville-d'Avray 10,51Marnes-la-Coquette 173,4 Marnes-la-Coquette 64,64
Commune Litre/mètre Commune Litre/mètreMarnes-la-Coquette 2,4 Dugny 137,9Ville-d'Avray 10,9 Bobigny 151,3Vaucresson 13,6 Romainville 162,4Chaville 18,4 Le Bourget 187,1Coubron 23,0 Saint-Ouen 220,9Sèvres 24,4 Bagnolet 230,0Saint-Cloud 29,1 Les Lilas 241,9La Garenne-colombes 33,9 Paris 249,5Malakoff 34,3 Le Pré Saint Gervais 341,8Gournay-sur-Marne 39,9 Pantin 416,9
Paris : 0,295 €/m3 = un revenu de 0,075€ /m
Coubron : 0,66 €/m3 = un revenu de 0,015 €/m
Finance : Investments
� Investment revenues 2012 : 660 M€
Loans (AESN); 60M€ 9%
Loans (banks); 234,3M€ 36%
Subsidies AESN et Région; 133M €
20%Various; 2,2M€ 0%
Amortization; 230,3M€ 35%
Finance : Operating
�Operating expenses 2012 : 565 M€
Redevances 400,2Primes d’épuration et Aquex) 58Autres produits de gestion courante 5,3Divers 15,9
Total 565,1
91
Recettes BP 2012
Quote-part des subventions virées au résultat de l'exercice
Routine management expenditure 221,3Salary 85Frais financiers 19,5Dépenses exceptionnelles 9,3Total 565,1
Dépenses BP 2012
The SIAAP and the Greater Paris
� Being a major actor in sustainable development of Pari s area � as regards the preservation of the Seine, English C hannel and
North Sea;
What Sustainable Development means for the SIAAP ?
Horizons of Greater Paris
�A medium-term vision : 2030
�A long-term lighting : possible effects of climate change
�How to design the city today to be sustainable tomorrow?
Demographic evolution
54
9.6
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8
10.0
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Nom
bre
d'ha
bita
nts
en m
illio
ns
SIAAP tendanciel SIAAP selon prévision INSEE
?
55
What water consumption?
510
52
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035Volume tendanciel Volume H1 Volume H2 Conso. tendancielle Conso. H1 Conso. H2
The possible effects of climate change
�Effects awaited from the middle of the century
� Incresased of average annual temperatures� Mid-century : + 1,5 °C à + 3°C
�Rainfalls : a decreasing trend
� Incresased evapotranspiration� Mid-century : + 16 %
�Decrease of rivers flows
More droughts
Consequences for sanitation ?
Seine's flowdecrease
Increase of pollutants loads at WWTP
Seine more fragile
More efficiencyMore reliability
5,3 t 4 t
A "scissors effect" related to possible effects climate change
Good status
Water price & Sanitation financing
�Uncertainties on the tax base�Cost of the drinking water a priori stabilized�Sanitation costs trending upward ;
� Continued efforts to contribute to the objectives o f the WFD
� Asset management
�Decrease of tax bases and increase of sanatiation cost = increase of the water bill
Towards a new governance?
�For a source control management :� Stormwater� Micropollutants
�To organize the city planification and its sanitation
Conclusions
�Main stakes :�To be able to keep the Seine river in good status�To adapt the governance of Paris area's
sanitation�To cope with the uncertanities on water
financing policy
Thank you for your attention
62Prix au m3
4,87 €/m3
Somme des taux4,46 €/m3