Water CycleWater Cycle

The Percentage of Available Global Freshwater is Very Small

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The Carbon Cycle

THE CARBON (C) CYCLE:  Standard B1. 42

      Begins as CO2 in the atmosphere

      CO2 is breathed in by plants (autotrophs) and used to make sugar during photosynthesis.

      Animals (primary consumers) obtain the carbon by consuming the plants.      Secondary consumers obtain the carbon by consuming the primary consumers.      Carbon returns to the ecosystem through respiration or decomposition.      Carbon is stored in fossil fuels and is released when the fossil fuels are burned (human activity). NOTE: Fossil fuels formed when the decomposers could not keep up with the rate that animals and plants were dying. Layers of energy-rich organic material (contains carbon) turned into coal and oil over time.

Carbon Cycle

Carbon Dioxide – Oxygen CycleCarbon Dioxide – Oxygen Cycle

Photosynthesis – Respiration CyclePhotosynthesis – Respiration Cycle

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle

The Rock Cycle

As new crust is being formed (at mid-ocean ridge), old crust is pushed down into the mantle and melted at subduction zones. This balancing act results in the Earth’s crust staying the same size, even though it’s changing all the time. It’s the ultimate in recycling!

Rock Cycle

Cycle of the Seasons

monthly cycle of themonthly cycle of the

Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon

Moon phases

Daily and Monthly Cycle of the TidesTides

Gravity pulls on the Earth with different levels of strength. The parts closer to the moon are pulled on harder than those parts further away.

A Tidal Bulge (High Tide)(High Tide) is produced on the side of the Earth DIRECTLY below the moon. Another is produced on the EXACT opposite side of the Earth.

The bulge under the moon is produced due to gravity "stretching" the water, pulling it toward the moon. The bulge produced on the opposite side of the Earth is made because the moon tries to pull the Earth out from under the water!

HIGHHIGH and lowlow tides

Tides are caused by gravity pulling on the Earth’s bodies of water and upon the Earth itself. There are 2 gravitational bodies that affect the tides: the sun and the moon. The moon is much closer to the Earth than the sun is, so it has a much greater influence upon the tides.

Notice that when the Earth, Moon, and Sun are all in a line (Full and New Moon phases) the high tides are MUCH higher than at other times. These are called SPRING TIDES.

When the Moon and Sun are at right angles to each other (First and Third Quarter Moon phases) the high tides are lower than at other times. These are called NEAP TIDES.

nebula (cloud of gas & dust)

nebula (cloud of gas & dust)

massive star

small / medium star (like our Sun)

red giant

red giant

supernova

white dwarf

black dwarf

black holeblack hole

neutron star

Even the stuff that stars are made of gets recycled!

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Cell CycleCell Cycle