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Water. Quantity and Quality. What is Water Pollution?. any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical (mercury), or biological (disease, sewage) change to water that adversely effects its use by living things. Types of Water Pollution. Measured in: Percent (%) Parts per thousand (‰) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Water
Quantity and Quality
What is Water Pollution?any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical (mercury),
or biological (disease, sewage) change to water that adversely effects its use by living things
Types of Water Pollution
1. Biological2. Chemical3. Physical
Measured in:Percent (%)Parts per thousand (‰)Parts per million (ppm)Parts per billion (ppb)
Biological Water Pollution
1. Infectious Disease(Pathogens)
2. Oxygen-Demanding Waste
Direct (microbes in water):Typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis…
Entamoeba histolytica
Biological Water Pollution
1. Infectious Disease(Pathogens)
2. Oxygen-Demanding Waste
Indirect(Water breeding carriers):malaria, yellow fever,west nile virus…
Coliform Test
Detection: Solutions:• Sewage treatment• Immunization
Biological Water Pollution
1. Infectious Disease(Pathogens)
2. Oxygen-Demanding Waste
Chemical Water Pollution
3. Nutrients (Fertilizers)4. Oil5. Fossil Fuel
Emissions (Acid Rain)
Nitrogen, phosphorous
Chemical Water Pollution
3. Nutrients (Fertilizers)4. Oil5. Fossil Fuel
Emissions (Acid Rain)
Chemical Water Pollution
3. Nutrients (Fertilizers)4. Oil5. Fossil Fuel
Emissions (Acid Rain)
Physical Water Pollution6. Suspended Matter7. Thermal Pollution8. Food Waste
East Pacific Garbage Patch
http://www.localphilosophy.com/articles/great-pacific-grabage-patch.htm
Physical Water Pollution6. Sediment7. Thermal Pollution8. Food Waste
Causes: industry dams removal of vegetation
Optimum – Fish 5-20°C (salmon <12°C)
Physical Water Pollution6. Sediment7. Thermal Pollution8. Food Waste
Dangers: Bacteria feed on sugar Can cause out of control
bacterial growth in water
Turbidity
• refers to how clear the water is
• greater the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) in the water, the murkier it appears = the higher turbidity
Measured in:
NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)• Normal levels: 1-50 NTU• Drinking Water: 0.5-1 NTU• Visible: >5 NTU• Higher during storms
Dissolved Oxygen
Added by: turbulent water and photosynthesis
Removed by: Increased temperature and respiration/decomposition
Good: > 6 ppm (mosquitoes can survive in 1 ppm)(also measured in % of maximum - Good = 60-80%)
Acidity (pH)• 6.5-8.2 normal (rainwater is usually a little acidic)• >9 – harmful to fish (inc. salmon)• <5.5 releases metals in seds, bacteria die and organics don’t decay• <5 insects die and fish eggs don’t hatch• <4 lethal to adult salmon
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide
Added by: respiration/decomposition & weathered rock
Removed by: Increased temperature and photosynthesis
Good: 1-10 ppm (usually about 1 ppm)
Nitrates
• Typically: 0.1-4 ppm• Unpolluted usually below 1 ppm• Sewage pollution increase up to 20 ppm