Waste Management Scenarios forScenarios for the Next 25the ... · 52 Retailers 2 62 Metal processing 6 63-69 Vehicles, machinery, equipment 6 Waste Management Scenarios for the Next

Waste Management Scenarios forWaste Management Scenarios for

the Next 25 Yearsthe Next 25 Years

FORWAST Final MeetingCopenhagen, November 25, 2009

Paul H. BrunnerEdi Munawar

Institute for Water Quality, Resources and Waste Management

Vienna University of Technology

Goals

FORWAST project:FORWAST project:

- Material stock and expected amount of wastes

- Life-cycle wide environmental impacts from different scenarios of waste prevention, recycling and treatment

Delivery 5 4 :Delivery 5-4 :

- Environmental pressures for each relevant combinationof waste and treatment (process modules and report)of waste and treatment (process modules and report)

Waste Management Scenarios for the Next 25 years November 25, 2009

Procedure

0 Review former WM scenarios0. Review former WM scenarios

1. Define scenarios for economic scenarios

2. Establish a model for WM policies

3 D t i TK f t t t t3. Determine TK for waste treatment processes

4. Define input into the model using 3 WM systems and 3 economic scenarios as well as I/O tables

5 Calculate output of the model for the 9 scenarios5. Calculate output of the model for the 9 scenarios

6. Evaluate the scenarios and conclusions regarding waste hierarchy

( )


waste hierarchy)

Review of Waste Management Scenarios

1. Optimising waste management scenario in the Netherland (Dornburg and Faaij, 2006)

2. Evaluation of Waste Management Options in View of Long-Term Maintenance-Free Landfills in Austria (Döberl et al, 2001).

3. Comparison of ecological effects and costs of communal waste management systems in Austria (Beigl and Salhofer 2004)management systems in Austria (Beigl and Salhofer, 2004).

4. Conservation of energy and natural resources by recycling building waste in Sweden (Thormark, 2001).

5 Flo anal sis of metals in a m nicipal solid aste management s stem5. Flow analysis of metals in a municipal solid waste management system in Japan (Jung et al, 2005)

6. Recycling of construction and demolition waste materials in Italy (Bianchini et al 2005)(Bianchini et al, 2005).

7. An assessment of the current and future options for domestic waste management in Kaunas, Lithuania (Wade et al, 2006).

8 Environmental and economic modeling: A case study of municipal solid8. Environmental and economic modeling: A case study of municipal solid waste management scenarios in Wales (Emery et al, 2007).

9. Life Cycle Assessment of Packaging Waste Management in Victoria, Australia (Grant et al, 1999)


10. Environmental assessment of MSW scenarios (JRC, 2007)

Conclusion of review about WM Scenarios

1 In general conflicting and contradictory results due to:1. In general conflicting and contradictory results due to:- assessment methods- criteria- criteria

2. Clear results for specific wastes such as “recycling2. Clear results for specific wastes such as recycling of building waste” and “recycling of metals“:

- conservation of energy and natural resources - protection of the environment.

3. To set up the scenario is not the problem, the following assessment step is crucial (method, criteria, weighting)


Waste prevention scenario

• Sole focus on waste prevention• No change in recycling rate and waste treatment• No change in recycling rate and waste treatment

recycling

collection landfilling

treatmenttreatment



• Sole focus on waste prevention• Sole focus on waste prevention• No change in recycling rate and waste treatment• 2 periods: 2010 2015 and 2015 35• 2 periods: 2010-2015 and 2015-35 • Waste reduction 1. period:



Procedure:• Identify most important waste flowsy p• Identify the activities resulting in the waste flows• Apply relevant information about prevention strategies on

waste generation activities (eco design producerwaste generation activities (eco-design, producer responsibility, service versus products, changes in attitude, substitution etc.))

• Assess resulting waste streams

Relevant waste streams:Relevant waste streams:• C&D wastes• Excavation and soil material• Wood waste• MSW• Service and production sector


Service and production sector• and others (see report)

FW code Waste prevention for categories Reduction [%]

1-3 Cattle and Dairy (manure) 15 (meat consumption)4 Crop 0

7 8 F t d fi h 07-8 Forestry and fishery 09-10 Coal and oil 011-14 Metal mining 011 14 Metal mining 015-17 Mining and quarrying 018-25 Food and beverages 0-15 (individ.)

26 Packaging of Beverages 1028-30 Textiles, shoes and leather 623 35 P 823-35 Paper 836-42 Chemicals (refined and others) 6

52 Retailers 252 Retailers 262 Metal processing 6

63-69 Vehicles, machinery, equipment 6


C&D waste 14


• Sole focus on waste prevention• Sole focus on waste prevention• No change in recycling rate and waste treatment• 2 periods: 2010 2015 and 2015 35• 2 periods: 2010-2015 and 2015-35 • Waste reduction 1. period:

Waste red ction 2 period + 25 % of red ction of 1• Waste reduction 2. period: + 25 % of reduction of 1. period



• Input data from I/O model and Delivery 5 3 (% prevention)• Input data from I/O model and Delivery 5-3 (% prevention)

• WM system design from 5-4

• TK (emission data) from 5-4 (and I/O tables ?)

C l l ti f t t b i i t d t WM t• Calculation of outputs by using input data, WM system and TK of waste treatment processes


Waste recycling scenario

recycling

collection

y g

landfillingcollection landfilling

treatment



Key variables:Key variables:

• Market price

• Primary resources

• Secondary productsy p

• Legal framework

• Product qualities• Product qualities

• Demand for secondary resources (depending on i diti )economic conditions)


Market demand for secondary construction materials

Off-gasAir

790

Construction sector

Off gasWater

Constructionmaterials

760820

StockMachinery

Waste water

9 000

n.d.

y

Roads and buildings

56 +2Construction waste

9,000

940

Roads and buildings

300,000 +8,000MachineryFuel

Usedmachinery

838

6

Source: T. Lahner, 1993Flows [kg/(c.yr)]


[ g ( y )]

FW d W t li C&D W t R t [%]FW code Waste recycling C&D Wastes Rate [%]2015 2025

C-Oil 7 14C-Fibre 20 40Metals 85 95 Soil and clay 40 70Sand gravel stone 40 80


FW d W t li b k R t [%]FW code Waste recycling beverage packages Rate [%]2015 2025

26 C-Oil 70 8526 Sand/gravel/stones 90 9526 Paper 30 5026 Aluminum 80 90


FW d W t li th t i R t [%]FW code Waste recycling other categories(more details in 5-3)

Rate [%]2025

4-5 Agricultural wastes 40 - 9032-35 Paper, printed matter, media waste 67 -> 77

68 ELV 85 - 95 22-25 WEEE 40 - 85



• Input data from I/O model• Input data from I/O model

• WM system design from 5-4

• TK from 5-4 (and I/O tables ?)

C l l ti f t t b i i t d t WM t• Calculation of outputs by using input data, WM system and TK of waste treatment processes


Waste treatment scenario

recycling

collection

y g

landfillingcollection landfilling

treatment


Modelling of WM systems by MFA and STAN


Waste treatment scenario

EU targets for reduction of wastes to landfills:EU-targets for reduction of wastes to landfills:2010: - 25 %2013: - 50 %2020: - 65 %

Treatment (BAT!) : - MBT

incineration- incineration-“landfilling”

TKs and emission data for each wt-processFocus on emissions: heavy metals -> why?


Consumption emissions > production emissions

40

30rCd emissions from production

20per

year

20

Tonn

sp

10

Cd emissions from consumption0

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

p


Source: Bergbäck, 1992

Wastes are important carriers of hazardous materials

1

0.8

1

lativ

etio

n

0.6

MS

W r

eon

sum

pt

0.4

tion

in M

tota

l co

0

0.2

Frac

tto

0C Cl Zn Cd Hg Pb Energy


Product 85[ % ]

Zinc

99Z

Zn-ash 7.6

Zamak0 6

Fluidizer0 4

Waste water3 1

Solid zinc4 3


Source: W. Enöckl, 19940.6 0.4 3.1 4.3

FW d W t t i T t t (BAT)FW code Waste categories Treatment (BAT)

1-7 Agricultural wastes Biogasification & landuse8-10 Food, textiles, paper and chemicals Incineration

11-17, 43-4975 77

Mineral waste (mining, construction, etc )

Recycling to EU-15 (2003)75-77 etc.)

50-61, 62-69 Metal processing Recycling to EU-15 (2003)Other wastes Incineration and MBT


Conclusions

1 9 Scenarios defined1. 9 Scenarios defined

2. must be implemented and calculated by “The model”

3. How to evaluate the results?

• E g emissions of greenhouse gas and otherE.g. emissions of greenhouse gas and other harmful substances?

• fraction in clean cycles and in final sinks?• fraction in clean cycles and in final sinks?

• WM costs (including stranded investments)?


not

The EndThe End


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Waste Management Scenarios forScenarios for the Next 25the ... · 52 Retailers 2 62 Metal processing 6 63-69 Vehicles, machinery, equipment 6 Waste Management Scenarios for the Next