Washington State Task Force against the Trafficking of Persons

Washington State Task Force against theTrafficking of Persons

Prepared by the Office of Crime Victims Advocacy

July 2008Report to the LegislatureJuli Wilkerson, Director

This report could not have been developed without the countless

hours from the Washington State Task Force against the

Trafficking of Persons. Their dedication and commitment are

deeply appreciated (Appendix A).

STAFF

Bev Emery, OFFICE OF CRIME VICTIMS ADVOCACY

Katharine Egan, OFFICE OF CRIME VICTIMS ADVOCACY

Amy Pearson, OFFICE OF CRIME VICTIMS ADVOCACY

Pat Vivian, INDEPENDENT FACILITATOR

To obtain a copy of this report in an alternate format, please call 360/725.2875 or TTY

360/586.4623 or FAX 360/586.7176.

Washington State Department of

Community, Trade & Economic Development

906 Columbia Street

P.O. Box 42525

Olympia, WA 98504

Washington State Task Force against the Trafficking of Persons

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary ... 1

I. The Issue of Human Trafficking ..... 3

II. Summary of Task Force Recommendations . 6

III. Task Force Recommendations . 8

Phase One Recommendations.. . . ........ 8

Phase Two Recommendations .. ...... 11

Phase Three Recommendations . .. . 14

IV. Future Work of the Task Force . 16

V. Recommendation Details ... 17

Appendix 19

Appendix A: Task Force Committee Members.. .. ... 19

Endnotes . .. 20

Washington State Task Force against the Trafficking of Persons

Washington State Task Force against the Trafficking of Persons 1

ACCORDING TO THEUNITED NATIONS, HUMANTRAFFICKING IS THE THIRD

MOST PROFITABLECRIMINAL INDUSTRY IN

THE WORLD TODAY, AFTERDRUG AND ARMS

DEALING.1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A budget proviso during the 2006 legislative session createdthe Washington State Task Force against the Trafficking ofPersons. Previous statutory directives have resulted in ahuman trafficking task force, in one form or another, since2002. These previous efforts have delivered recommendationsfor a response to the crime called human trafficking inWashington. Many of the policy recommendations made bypast task forces have been enacted.

Thus, the focus of the 2006 Task Force has been to focus ondeveloping recommendations to create a comprehensivestatewide system of services to victims of human trafficking.These current recommendations are the next logical step ofresponse, built upon the sound policy foundation now in placein Washington.

Task Force members, over the course of the past two years,developed, debated, and refined each recommendationcontained in this report. These recommendations provide aframework for the creation of a comprehensive statewidesystem of service response to human trafficking inWashington.

The group worked diligently and creatively to make both shortand long-term recommendations, to meet the significant needsof victims of trafficking. The Phase One recommendationsembody short-term strategies, aimed at meeting theimmediate health and safety needs of human traffickingvictims, while Phase Two and Phase Three are long-termapproaches that are critical to the lifelong health and safety ofthese same victims. The Task Force recommends focusingfirst on the provision of direct services to victims of humantrafficking, as well as providing for education, training andoutreach to communities, individuals, and organizationsworking to eliminate human trafficking in Washington.

Building upon the Phase One recommendations, the TaskForce recommends such essential future services as increasedcivil legal aid, language interpretation, relocation services, andshort-term and long-term housing options for victims of humantrafficking.


The United NationsInternational Labor

Organization estimates12.3 million people are

in forced labor,bonded labor, forcedchild labor, or sexual

servitude at any giventime. Other estimatesrange from 4 millionto 27 million people

enslaved in the worldtoday.2

The goal of the Task Force, in releasing this report, is toprovide policy makers, local and state service providers, andWashington communities, their collective best thinking todevelop a comprehensive statewide response to the crime ofhuman trafficking. This report comes now as a contribution tothe discussion as federal, state, and local agencies becomeincreasingly aware of human trafficking and strive toinvestigate and prosecute perpetrators of this crime, andrespond to the unique and complex needs of its victims.


The Federal Bureau ofInvestigations

estimates the globalslave trade generates$9.5 billion yearly.3

Annually, an estimated14,500-17,500 foreign

nationals cross ourborders in the courseof being trafficked inthe Untied States.4

I. The Issue of HUMAN TRAFFICKING

With the Emancipation Proclamation of 1862 and the 13th

Amendment of 1865, the United States sought to end slaverywithin its borders. Yet in the ensuing 150 years, a differentform of slavery has developed: human trafficking. This crimeis occurring in a wide range of United States enterprises,including agriculture, manufacturing, hospitality, and the sexindustry. The United States responded to this exponentiallygrowing problem with the passage of the federal TraffickingVictims Protection Act of 2000. This landmark legislationexplicitly criminalized modern slavery.

The engine driving human trafficking is the profit traffickersmake by selling the services of victims and the goods producedusing trafficked labor. In the United States, human traffickingthrives in both legal and illegal industries, and victimizes bothUnited States citizens and non-citizens.

Trafficking victims can be men, women, or children, and theycan be exploited for labor, sex, or both. Labor traffickingincludes forced exploitation in small businesses as well aslarge-scale industries dominated by multinational corporations.Examples of such industries include textiles, timber,agriculture, tourism, and rubber. Labor trafficking victimsinclude women who wed or find partners through internationalmatchmaking organizations. Sometimes these womenexperience violence and threats which force them to providedomestic labor such as childcare, cleaning and cooking. Sextrafficking is forced exploitation in all sectors of the sexindustry, including prostitution, stripping, exotic dancing, andpornography. It is important to note these situations areintended only to offer an idea of how some common traffickingoperations work, and are not all inclusive. Traffickingsituations vary widely, and each is unique.

Despite the connotation of movement implied by the wordtrafficking, neither federal nor Washington State law requires

transportation or border crossing for a person to be trafficked.Transportation or border crossing may be involved intrafficking, but they are not necessary elements of the crime.


Human traffickingvictims are oftenimpoverished,

children, or those whohave suffered crimes

such as sexualviolence or other

abuse.

Unless lawenforcement is awareof the possibility thatshe is enslaved in thebusiness, rather thanemployed she can be

further victimized,jailed and deported.

-Seattle Victim Advocate

Traffickers exploit people who are vulnerable regardless ofnationality or legal residence. Often, traffickers promise theirvictims a better life through employment, marriage,educational opportunities, or life in a more prosperous countryor region. In the United States, traffickers use these promisesto draw both United States citizens and non-citizens into sexand labor trafficking. A trafficker who promises them love,safety from the streets, independence from their parents, orthe opportunity to leave an abusive home often lures childrenin the United States into a trafficking situation. Internationally,some children are trafficked as a result of being given to atrafficker, often a relative, who promises the parentseducational opportunities for the child and an escape fromunending poverty. Instead, the child is sold into slavery.5

Traffickers hide or disguise their victims in order to avoiddetection. Hiding victims can include trafficked farm workerswho are frequently moved to avoid contact with lawenforcement. Due to the tight control necessary to forcevictims into working against their will, the vast majority oftrafficking victims never have an opportunity to go to acommunity service agency or talk to a law enforcement officer.Furthermore, largely due to the fact it is a newly recognizedcrime, human trafficking is rarely identified by members of thepublic or victims themselves. Even service providers and lawenforcement often don t initially recognize when a person isbeing trafficked.

As in other countries, trafficking victims in the United Statesare often misidentified as perpetrators of illegal activity. Thisillegal activity often includes undocumented immigration andprostitution. Such misidentification is an issue faced by bothUnited States citizens and non-citizen trafficking victims,including children. This illegal activity often includedundocumented immigration and prostitution. For example,traffickers often confiscate non-United States citizen victimsdocumentation as a means of maintaining control. Iftrafficking victims can t produce this documentation for lawenforcement, they may be deported if it is not recognized theyare trafficking victims. Similarly, those forced to engage inillegal activity such as prostitution are often jailed and chargedif their victimization is not recognized.


HUMAN TRAFFICKINGIN WASHINGTON

Washington has become a national leader in the efforts to endhuman trafficking. Washington was the first state to pass ananti-trafficking law (SHB 1175 [Chapter 267, Laws of 2003]),which criminalized human trafficking at the state level. TheLegislature also took action to regulate the internationalmatchmaking industry with the Mail Order Bride Act (SB 6412[Chapter 115, Laws of 2002]) and HB 1826 (Chapter 268,Laws of 2003), which require international matchmakingagencies to notify foreign clients they can request abackground check and other personal information about theWashington resident employing the agency to set up thematch. This legislation was intended to help prevent thephysical abuse and trafficking occurring in Washington as aresult of international matchmaking between Washingtonresidents and foreign born women.

The current Washington State Task Force against theTrafficking of Persons was funded through a 2006 budgetproviso (Chapter 372, Laws of 2006), which directs the TaskForce to make policy recommendations regarding humantrafficking in Washington State. This report builds on the workof the previous Washington State Human Trafficking TaskForces, and is the first set of recommendations developed bythe current Task Force which has been meeting since July2006.


Phase Irecommendations arethe most importantand most urgently

needed.

Phase IIrecommendations

build on and enhancethe essential directservices identified in

Phase I.

Phase IIIrecommendationssupport victims as

they transition fromrecovery to self-

sufficiency.

II. SUMMARY OF TASK FORCE RECOMMENDATIONS

When designing the following first step recommendationstoward a comprehensive response to human trafficking inWashington, the Task Force took into account the fact thatmany victims of human trafficking experience particularlysevere trauma due to the repeated and continual abuse usuallynecessary to force people to work against their will.

Historically, individuals and groups of people have experienceda lack of access to systems and institutions established toprovide services and resources. Many victims of traffickingeither arrive from foreign countries or are historicallymarginalized in the United States. This marginalization isbased primarily on race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age,class, or disability of the individuals victimized.

It is the intent of these recommendations to ensure traffickingvictims in Washington have access to equitable, culturallycompetent and linguistically appropriate services.

To ensure a comprehensive, culturally competent coordinatedsystem to serve victims of human trafficking, the Task Forcewas comprised of a diverse representation of state agency andcommunity-based organizations (see Appendix A).

After much deliberation, discussion and thoughtfulconsideration, the Task Force voted to include the followingrecommendations in this report. These recommendations arethe culmination of months of work, as well as the informedperspectives and expertise of many individuals from a widevariety of organizations. In order to leverage limited funding,the recommendations purposefully use existing systems andstructures to maximize impact and minimize cost.

The Task Force has prioritized its recommendations into threecategories:§ Phase I§ Phase II§ Phase III


PHASE ONERECOMMENDATIONS

PHASE TWORECOMMENDATIONS

PHASE THREERECOMMENDATIONS

§ Educate Washington communities about humantrafficking.

§ Provide support to implement community-driven anti-trafficking strategies, including primary preventionefforts.

§ Help victims escape their situations by making one-on-one contact with people who may be in traffickingsituations.

§ Provide comprehensive direct services to victims ofhuman trafficking.

§ Provide initial and ongoing yearly training for staff andvolunteers providing direct services to traffickingvictims.

§ Train community service providers, upon request, tobuild skills necessary to effectively identify and servetrafficking victims.

§ Provide any needed language interpretation to enableprovision of the direct services recommendation.

A) Provide dedicated funding for trafficking victimsthrough the state Office of Civil Legal Aid.B) Amend RCW 2.53.030(5)(g) to authorize the useof state-appropriated civil legal aid funding to providecivil legal aid to undocumented trafficking victims.

§ Expand existing transitional housing units to includeindividuals, families and unaccompanied minor victimsof human trafficking, for a maximum of 18-month stay.

§ Assist trafficking victims to enter existing low-incomehousing options by providing initial one-time financialassistance for first and last month rent payments.

§ Create and implement a statewide campaign aimed atbuilding political and social will to address the conditionsthat underlie trafficking in humans.

§ Provide one-time relocation transportation assistance forvictims of human trafficking. Such assistance includesairfare and per diem travel allowance for one day.


PHASE ONERECOMMENDATIONS

COMMUNITYEDUCATION &ORGANIZING

III. TASK FORCE RECOMMENDATIONS

Washington has taken great policy strides against humantrafficking through the passage of several laws intended toserve and protect victims of human trafficking. Phase OneRecommendations are the highest priority, and are focused onproviding direct services that meet the unique needs oftrafficking victims across our state.

The Task Force made two recommendations which the Officeof Crime Victims Advocacy is implementing within existingresources. Office of Crime Victims Advocacy staff areproviding technical assistance to service providers and othersworking against human trafficking. The Office of Crime VictimsAdvocacy is also developing a web-based clearinghouse ofinformation regarding anti-human trafficking efforts inWashington. This clearinghouse will include anti-traffickingresources and a listing of trafficking victim services providers.

Behind every successful social movement is a community, or anetwork of communities. These communities don t justhappen, they must be organized. Community organizinginvolves building an enduring network of people who identifywith common ideals, and who can engage in social action onthe basis of those ideals.

One of the first key steps toward fighting any crime is helpingcommunities become aware of it and to organize locally drivenactions and education to prevent the crime from occurring.

Once community education materials have been developed,the next step is to create and support community-organizingefforts aimed at implementing community-driven anti-trafficking strategies. Strategies may include assessment ofrisk, development of strategies to reduce risk, primaryprevention, personal and community safety planning, andcommunity mobilization to change the actions and social normsthat tolerate or contribute to human trafficking.


DIRECT OUTREACH

DIRECT SERVICES &TRAINING

Direct outreach entails one-on-one interactions betweenoutreach workers and those who may be victims of trafficking.It includes the provision of a crisis hotline number andinformation regarding available services.

Eight years after the passage of the federal Trafficking VictimsProtection Act of 2000, identifying victims and linking themwith services remains one of the most immediate challenges inthe fight against human trafficking. One possible reason forthis low level of trafficking victim identification is the extremelylimited direct outreach done thus far by the fledgling anti-trafficking field in the United States.

Providing comprehensive direct outreach to those who may bevictims of trafficking is one way to help victims exit traffickingsituations and link them with available services.

Community education, organizing and outreach are the firststeps in educating and organizing communities about humantrafficking. The availability of direct services to serve victimsof human trafficking is the next step in the battle against thecrime.

Comprehensive direct services are essential to helping victimsescape from their traffickers, recover, become self-sufficient,and avoid re-entry in to trafficking. In order to effectivelyserve trafficking victims, Washington must provide directservices that respond to their unique trafficking-related needs.

These needs stem largely from the level of trauma manytrafficking victims experience. This trauma is often particularlysevere due to the repeated and continual abuse usuallynecessary to keep people in labor and sex for profit situationsagainst their will. In order to respond to these unique needs,there must be advocates who are trained on human traffickingand who specialize in serving trafficking victims. These trainedtrafficking advocates would serve as a trafficking victimsprimary point of contact on the path to recovery. Traffickingadvocates would help victims navigate the various systemsnecessary to obtain assistance such as federal and statetrafficking victim services, medical care, legal aid, andemployment assistance.


COMMUNITY PROVIDERTRAINING

Initial and on-going yearly training for staff and volunteersproviding direct services to trafficking victims is essential toensure staff are informed about the latest news and resourcesavailable. Yearly on-going training makes certain advocatesare highly trained to provide the following direct services 24hours a day, 7 days a week, in person or by phone:§ Crisis Intervention§ Advocacy§ Legal Advocacy§ Medical Advocacy§ Support Groups§ Therapy and§ Systems Coordination

Training for community service organizations and stateagencies will ensure service providers in Washington haveaccess to the information they need in order to identify andassist human trafficking victims.

In order to identify and serve trafficking victims adequately, itis equally important that a wide range of service providers including those with whom victims may make initial contact are able to effectively respond to human trafficking victims.These service providers must be able to identify the signs ofhuman trafficking, as well as provide information and referralto services that address the needs of the victim.

Further, there are federally funded services and immigrationrelief available solely to human trafficking victims. Serviceproviders must be aware of these benefits in order to helpvictims access them. They must also be able to help victimsaccess the state-funded benefits specifically for traffickingvictims which these recommendations urge be created.


PHASE ONEIMPLEMENTATION

PHASE TWORECOMMENDATIONS

After careful consideration, the Task Force made a consciousdecision to recommend the use of an existing structure forimplementation of the Phase One Recommendations. Thisexisting system is the 13 regional Crime Victim Service Centerscontracted by the Office of Crime Victims Advocacy to servecrime victims in Washington. This cost-effective approachtakes advantage of existing infrastructure in that it utilizes theextensive direct service experience of Crime Victim ServiceCenters, takes advantage of the fact that Crime Victim ServiceCenters are already recognized, and are trusted in thecommunities they serve.

Implementing these Phase One recommendations, beginningwith the 2009-2011 biennium, ensures a dedicated crimevictim advocate in each of the 13 regions contracting with theOffice of Crime Victims Advocacy. In addition to providingexpert direct services to victims, these crime victim advocateswould take the lead in organizing anti-human trafficking effortsin their respective regions. They would also be responsible forcoordinating community education and organizing efforts, aswell as providing training to other staff, service providers andcommunity organizations.

Now is the time to fund services for victims of humantrafficking. Prosecutors, law enforcement, service providersand legislative leaders have become increasingly aware of thehuman trafficking problem in Washington. Specific cases andmedia attention have brought to light both actual experiencesand the vulnerabilities of our state to human trafficking. Thesooner we begin to provide services related to victims ofhuman trafficking, the sooner we will be able to address theincreasing problem of human trafficking in our communities.

The following Phase Two Recommendations augment thoseidentified in Phase One by expanding direct services to victimsof trafficking. Funding these recommendations is the next stepin supporting victims of human trafficking along their journeyto health, safety and self-sufficiency.


LANGUAGEINTERPRETATION

CIVIL LEGAL AID &REPRESENTATION

In order to ensure direct services are accessible to alltrafficking victims, it is necessary to provide interpretation soadvocates and victims can communicate in the victim slanguage.

Due to the global reach of human trafficking, non-UnitedStates citizen trafficking victims in Washington speak anextremely wide range of languages. Victims are in need oflanguage interpretation services whether it s having formsavailable in a victim s language or having an interpreteravailable during interviews and court proceedings.

Trafficking victims face a wide range of civil legal problemsthat present immense obstacles on the path to recovery andself-sufficiency. Obtaining legal aid is almost always the onlyway for trafficking victims to seek civil justice and overcomethese obstacles. Civil action is also some trafficking victimsonly recourse against their traffickers. Consequently, the TaskForce recommends providing dedicated civil legal aid fundingspecifically for victims of human trafficking.

The civil legal obstacles faced by trafficking victims includeemployment law issues such as workplace injury or unpaidwages from a trafficker. They can also include family lawissues such as those which arise when a trafficker is a familymember. These issues are complex, and require legal aid inorder for a trafficking victim to address them.

In addition to family and employment law, a vast majority ofnon-United States citizen trafficking victims need immigrationrelief, which requires legal aid to obtain. Despite the need forimmigration relief, the vast majority of undocumented victimsare unable to obtain this relief under recently adopted federallegislation protecting victims of trafficking. By funding legalaid to help undocumented victims obtain immigration relief,Washington would provide a key tool to help these victimsrecover and remain free of their traffickers.

In order for legal aid and representation to be accessible tothose for whom it is intended, the current statute barring theuse of state money to fund civil legal aid for undocumentedpeople must be amended. Amending this law, and providingfunding for civil legal aid and representation would allow


TRANSITIONALHOUSING

Washington to provide much-needed civil legal aid toundocumented trafficking victims in addition to United Statescitizen victims.

The Task Force recommends funding the expansion of existingtransitional housing units to include individuals, families, andunaccompanied minor victims of human trafficking.

One of the most critical services to a trafficking victim srecovery is often housing. Housing provides a place whereone can be off the streets, be relatively safe from the reach ofone s traffickers, and begin the process of recovery and self-sufficiency through work. Due to the limited housing andshelter options available for single men, minors and families,housing is the most difficult assistance to obtain for victims oftrafficking.

The difficulty trafficking victims face in finding housingassistance stems largely from the lack of existing housingavailable to meet their needs. It is extremely difficult to servetrafficking victims through housing assistance intended forother populations, as it is presently offered. The vast majorityof current shelter programs in Washington are designed fordomestic violence survivors and people who are homeless.Throughout the state, shelters are pushed to maximumcapacity, with little ability to serve additional victims of humantrafficking.

Further, it is often inappropriate or unsafe to house traffickingvictims in shelters designed for others. For example, boys over12 and men cannot be admitted to domestic violence shelters.Shelter available to men is usually in the form of homelessshelters, which are not designed to meet the specific andcomplex needs of trafficking victims. The Task Force thereforerecommends funding to expand existing transitional housingunits to include individuals, families and unaccompanied minorvictims of human trafficking for a maximum of 18-months.


PHASE THREERECOMMENDATIONS

INITIAL INDEPENDENTHOUSING ASSISTANCE

SOCIAL MARKETINGCAMPAIGN

These Phase Two Recommendations, in conjunction with thePhase One Recommendations, will provide a comprehensivesystem of services for victims of human trafficking.Implementation of these Phase Two recommendations wouldensure victims of human trafficking receive the civil legal aid,transitional housing and interpretation services necessary toaddress victimization.

Once Washington has stabilized funding for human traffickingvictims and has fully implemented the recommendationsdescribed in the previous pages, we must turn our attention tothe underlying conditions that allow the injustice of humantrafficking to occur in our state.

Phase Three Recommendations request funding to relocatevictims of human trafficking back home or to another safe end-point. For many victims, this is a key step towards safety andrecovery. Finally, for victims who choose to become part of aWashington community, it is essential on the path to recovery,to assist victims of human trafficking gain independenthousing. There are several factors that contribute to a victim srecovery and success, and for the purposes of this report, theTask Force has chosen to focus on the long-term housingneeds of human trafficking victims.

The Task Force recommends funding for the purpose ofhelping victims of trafficking enter existing low-income housingoptions by providing initial one-time financial assistance forfirst and last month rent payment.

Permanent housing is the key to preventing homelessness andre-victimization, and supports trafficking victims as they movetoward recovery and full self-sufficiency.

The Task Force recommends the Creation and implementationof a statewide campaign aimed at building political and socialwill to address the economic, political, and social conditionsthat underlie trafficking in humans. Community-based socialmarketing emphasizes direct contact among communitymembers to achieve specific behavioral goals for a social good.


RELOCATIONASSISTANCE

A social marketing campaign would provide targetedcommunication through tools such as billboards, posters andpublic service announcements via TV and radio. The statewidecampaign would educate Washingtonians about the existenceof human trafficking, actions and attitudes that allow andperpetuate human trafficking, and how these actions andattitudes can be changed in order to prevent this crime formoccurring in our state.

The Task Force recommends provision of one-time relocationtransportation assistance for victims of human trafficking.Relocation assistance can be used to increase safety or to helpmeet physical and mental health needs, including but notlimited to family reunification. Such assistance includes airfareand per diem travel allowance for one day.

While movement isn t a necessary element of the crime ofhuman trafficking, the vast majority of trafficking victimsescape from their traffickers at a point far from home. Forthose victimized in Washington, home could be anothercommunity in Washington, a different U.S. state, or abroad.In some situations trafficking victims have been kidnappedfrom their families or prevented from returning home. Forvictims who choose to return home or who need to improvetheir safety, the Task Force recommends providing one-timerelocation transportation assistance.

Building upon the recommendations of the previous twophases, Phase Three would provide Washington s traffickingvictims the necessary assistance to help them take the finalstep in becoming self-sufficient, and would allow Washingtonto take a leading role in moving beyond victim services topreventing this crime.


The Work Planprovides a roadmap

for the future work ofthe Task Force.

IV. Future Work of the TASK FORCE

The work of the Task Force is far from complete. Hours ofwork have gone into the recommendations, and many morehours will be consumed as the future work of the Task Forceunfolds. In determining which recommendations would becontained in this interim report, many others were left behindto be further refined and developed. The Task Force created aWork Plan so as not to lose the great work and ideasgenerated through this process. Several of the ideascontained in the Work Plan require a change to legislation suchas the International Match Making Organization or the lawrequiring parental permission for an unaccompanied minor toseek refuge in a shelter. Other strategies address the need fora coordinated response to the discovery of large numbers oftrafficking victims.

As the Legislature debates the future of these Interim Reportrecommendations, the Task Force will continue to meet,working to further develop the law changes and fundingrecommendations to ensure human trafficking victimseverywhere receive the necessary services to meet theircomplex needs.


CommunityEducation

CommunityOrganizing

Direct Outreach

Direct Services

Training forTrafficking Service

Providers

Training forCommunity Service

Providers

V. RECOMMENDATION DETAILS

PHASE ONE RECOMMENDATIONS

Provide funding for the Office of Crime Victims Advocacy tocontract with Washington s 13 regional Crime Victim ServiceCenters for provision of the following:

Develop materials and provide presentations about humantrafficking. Materials and education developed shall be ageappropriate and targeted to youth, at-risk adults, and thepublic at large.

Create and support community-organizing efforts aimed atimplementing community-driven anti-trafficking strategies.Strategies may include assessment of risk, development ofstrategies to reduce risk, primary prevention, personal andcommunity safety planning, and community mobilization tochange the actions and social norms that tolerate or contributeto human trafficking.

Provide comprehensive direct outreach services to those whomay be victims of trafficking in an effort to help victims exittrafficking situations and link them with services. Directoutreach entails one-on-one interactions between outreachworkers and those who may be victims of trafficking. Itincludes the provision of a crisis hotline number andinformation regarding available services.

Provide comprehensive direct services (crisis intervention,information and referral, advocacy, legal advocacy, medicaladvocacy, support groups, therapy, and system coordination1)to human trafficking victims 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, inperson or by phone.

Provide initial and ongoing yearly training for staff andvolunteers providing direct services to trafficking victims.

Train community service providers, upon request, to build skillsnecessary to effectively identify and serve victims of humantrafficking. Training will meet the curriculum standardsdeveloped by the Office of Crime Victims Advocacy, inpartnership with community experts in the anti-trafficking field.


LanguageInterpretation forProvision of Direct

Services

Civil Legal Aid andRepresentation

TransitionalHousing

Initial IndependentHousing Assistance

Social MarketingCampaign

RelocationAssistance

PHASE TWO RECOMMENDATIONS

Provide any needed language interpretation to enableprovision of the direct services recommendation.

a) Provide dedicated funding for trafficking victims throughthe state Office of Civil Legal Aid.

b) Amend RCW 2.53.030(5)(g) to authorize the use of state-appropriated civil legal aid funding to provide civil legal aid toundocumented trafficking victims.

Expand existing transitional housing units to includeindividuals, families, and unaccompanied minor victims ofhuman trafficking, for a maximum of 18-month stays.

PHASE THREE RECOMMENDATIONS

Help trafficking victims enter existing low-income housingoptions by providing initial one-time financial assistance forfirst and last month rent payments.

Create and implement a statewide campaign aimed at buildingpolitical and social will to address the economic, political, andsocial conditions that underlie trafficking in humans.

Provide one-time relocation transportation assistance forvictims of human trafficking. Relocation assistance can beused to increase safety or to help meet physical and mentalhealth needs, including but not limited to family reunification.Such assistance includes airfare and per diem travel allowancefor one day.


APPENDIX A: THE WASHINGTON STATE TASK FORCE AGAINST THE

TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS (* INDICATES VOTING MEMBER)

Kathleen Arledge*WASHINGTON COALITION OF SEXUAL ASSAULT PROGRAMS

Alan Lai*CHINESE INFORMATION AND SERVICE CENTER

Sutapa Basu*UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON WOMEN S CENTER

Sandra Manwiller*EMPLOYMENT SECURITY DEPARTMENT

Kami BeckwithFEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, EASTERN DISTRICT OFWASHINGTON

David Martin*KING COUNTY PROSECUTOR S OFFICE

Robert BeiserUNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON HILLEL

Edgar Mason*INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE

Alicia Cárdenas-ShortEMPLOYMENT SECURITY DEPARTMENT

Tom Medina*DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES

Catherine CarrollWASHINGTON COALITION OF SEXUAL ASSAULT PROGRAMS

Jeanne McCurleyTRONIE FOUNDATION

Emma Catague*ASIAN PACIFIC ISLANDER WOMEN & FAMILY SAFETY CENTER

Susan MillerWASHINGTON STATE PATROL

Catherine Chaney*WASHINGTON ASSOCIATION OF CRIMINAL DEFENSE LAWYERS

Diana Moller*NORTHWEST IMMIGRANT RIGHTS PROJECT

Molly Daggett*LUTHERAN COMMUNITY SERVICES NORTHWEST

Cletus Nnanabu*DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRIES

Myra Downing*ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE COURTS

Glenna OlsonEMPLOYMENT SECURITY DEPARTMENT

Debbie DuPey*INLAND NORTHWEST TASK FORCE ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Katrina PestañoUNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON WOMEN S CENTER

Maggie Faust*SPRUCE STREET SECURE CRISIS CENTER

Lisa Salmi*DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Debra FisherDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Carrie SchonwaldREFUGEE WOMEN S ALLIANCE

Linda FurkayDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Harvey Sloan*SEATTLE POLICE DEPARTMENT

Dani Geissinger-Rodarte*FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, WESTERN DISTRICT OFWASHINGTON

Luci Stewart*WASHINGTON STATE PATROL

Melinda GiovengoYOUTH CARE

Sandi Thompson-Royer*FAITH PARTNERS AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

John GoldmanINLAND NORTHWEST TASK FORCE ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Norma Timbang*INDEPENDENT RESEARCHER

Rani Hong*TRONIE FOUNDATION

Liezl Tomas RebugioNATIONAL ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN WOMEN S FORUM

Grace Huang*WASHINGTON STATE COALITION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Sylvia Ui lani Matayoshi*CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE CHEHALIS RESERVATION

Carey James*WHATCOM COUNTY SHERIFF S OFFICE

Lonnie Walkup*FAMILY CRISIS NETWORK OF PEND ORIELLE COUNTY

Anne Ko*REFUGEE WOMEN S ALLIANCE

Ye-Ting Woo*U.S. ATTORNEY, WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON


End Notes

1 United Nations Poverty Account, State of the World Population 2006, A Passage to Hope:Women & International Migration.

2 U.S. Department of State Office to Monitor & Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2007 Traffickingin Persons Report (Washington, DC).

3 U.S. Department of State, 2004 Trafficking in Persons Report (Washington, DC).

4 U.S. Department of Justice, Assessment of U.S. Government Efforts to Combat Trafficking inPersons in Fiscal Year 2004, (Washington, DC).

5 U.S. Department of State Office to Monitor & Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2007 Traffickingin Persons Report (Washington, DC).

Documents

Washington State Task Force against the Trafficking of Persons