Wars and the Growth of Nations

England France Spain The Holy Roman Empire

EnglandO King Edward III held land in France he

was a vassal to the French King. O This is the beginning of the Hundred

Years’ War.O The last member of the Capetian dynasty

died. Edward III makes his claim to the French’s throne.

O The French assembly chose Philip VI as king.

O Edward then marches on Flanders.

Effects of the Hundred Years’ War

O Make a chart to lists the effects of the war on England and France:

O England:Lost all its French land except Calais; knightly warfare was weakened by the use of longbows, cannons, and gunpowder; Parliament gained more power over the kings.

FranceO Effects on France:O English soldiers robbed the French

people and destroyed their property; the French starved even during peacetime; the French king became more powerful.

After the Hundred Years’ War

War of the RosesO After the end of the Hundred Years’ War, a

war for England’s throne broke out between the House of York and Lancaster.

O House of York is the white rose.O House of Lancaster is the red rose.O Henry Tudor of the house of Lancaster

wins the war by defeating King Richard III of York. He marries a daughter from the house of York and sets up a strong monarchy in England.

FranceO Fight for the French throne between the

House of Burgundy and the House of Orleans.

O House of Burgundy sides with England, and Joan of Arc aides Charles VII of Orleans and drives the English out and he is crowned king of France. Joan of Arc becomes a Symbol of French patriotism.

O King Charles VII sets up the Estates General the first estate clergy, second estate nobles, third estate common people.

FranceO King Louis XI comes to power and

makes the French monarchy even stronger.

O He sets up a harsh, but efficient government with high taxes.

O He seizes the Burgundy lands through diplomacy, scheming, and unites France as one country.

SpainO Spain becomes a united nation under

Ferdinand and Isabella. O They take away the powers of the

church courts and the nobles.O They order all Jews to become

Christians or leave Spain and later after defeating the Moors they give them the same choice.

O Long term effects were that many leaders in industry and trade left Spain.

The Holy Roman Empire

O In the beginning days the Pope and the rulers of the German states elected the Holy Roman Emperor, but over time the number who could vote decreased.

O A decree by Emperor Charles IV ruled that only seven electors, three archbishops and four German princes would choose the emperor. This removed the Pope from the process.

O He hoped to rebuild his own power, but due to the separation between the German states he never gained real power, but it led to much bribery and political favors.

The Habsburg FamilyO They worked their way through

marriages and conquests to gradually win land and power.

O Maximilian I marriage brought the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Burgundy under Habsburg control.

O His son Philip brought in Spain and Italy and overtime became the most powerful ruling family in Europe, but could never unite all the individual German states.