WARMUPRead the following news excerpt and then answer the question below on page 65 of your SS Notebook:In the town of Woodington, SC a recent vote (94% in favor) elected Benny Musselman as Mayor for Life. This vote additionally gave him powers to overturn decisions of the town council. While outside observers find this to be anti-democratic, the townspeople are enthusiastic. Most townspeople claim that Benny is beneficial for Woodington. They actively rally around him and support him. Bennys main plan for the town is to promote it as a cultural heritage center for the Carolinas. The residents of Woodington are expected to actively celebrate their Carolina heritageeverything from the Confederate Flag to NASCAR. Benny says every resident will be required to display one of these in front of their homes. When asked if this was too restrictive, Woodington residents respond that they are happy to contribute to the success of the town and to show that their town is the best in all of the South.WARMUP: If you lived in Woodington, how would you feel about these changes?

Fascism and Totalitarian StatesAs always, please answer questions in complete sentences in your SS notebook.

AFTER WWIWWI left over 20 million dead.Most European economies were devastated.The U.S. emerged as the most powerful nation in the world.The 1920s = The Roaring 20sBlack TuesdayOctober 29, 1929Stock Market Crash leads to GREAT DEPRESSIONWorldwide economic meltdown in 1930s.25% unemployment in Britain40% unemployment in Germany#1: How was Europe doing in the years after WWI? What made matters worse?

What is Totalitarianism?In a totalitarian state, citizens are expected to be completely loyal and actively engaged in supporting the goals of the state.Individual freedoms are subordinated to state goals.Promoted through use of propaganda.BENNY ISBENEFICIAL!

Hitler on TotalitarianismWe must develop organization in which an individuals entire life can take place. Then every activity and every need of every individual will be regulated by the collectivity represented by the party. There is no longer any arbitrary will; there are no longer any free realms in which the individual belongs to himself. The time of personal happiness is over.#2: How is a totalitarian state different from an absolute monarchy or other forms of dictatorship?

USSRThe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is one example of totalitarianism5 Year Plans: aimed to industrialize USSRCollectivization of farms26 mil family farms 250,000 collective farmsPeasants who resisted were starved to death (10 mil died 1932-33)People who opposed regime (8 mil) sent to Siberian labor campsKnown as purgesSupposedly all done in the peoples interestas it was a Communist country.#3: What made the USSR a totalitarian country?

Benito Mussolini1919 - formed the Fascio di Combattimento (League of Combat)Upset about not gaining more in WWIAttacked Socialists (physically!)1922 threatened to march on Rome.King made him Prime Minister#4: How did Mussolini come to power in Italy?By 1926 he was the dictator of Italy.Known as Il Duce (the leader)

Italian FascismMussolini set up a Fascist Dictatorship.Fascism is a form of totalitarianismBusinesses are supposed to serve the needs of the state.

#5: What is fascism? Explain how it is different from Socialism.#6: How did Mussolini maintain his power?Youth groups set up to spread messageFreedom of press suspendedPrime Minister could make lawsPolice can imprison people w/o chargesAnti-fascist political parties outlawed

Adolf HitlerFought on the Western Front during WWI.By 1921, took control of Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers PartyNSDAP)SA (Storm Troops) were used to attack rival parties1923 - Jailed after failed uprising against Munich govt.Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in jail#7: What does Nazi stand for?#8: What is Mein Kampf?

Nazi BeliefsHitlers Mein Kampf outlined his basic philosophy:NationalistAnti-semiticAnti-communistSocial DarwinistSuperior nations have a right to more living spaceBelieved Germans had the most pure Aryan bloodSuperior individuals should lead the masses#9: What were Hitlers core beliefs?#10: How did these beliefs help him come to power?

Nazi Consolidation of PowerJan 30, 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor and forms new fascist government.Mar 23, 1933 Enabling Act allows Hitler to ignore the constitution for the next 4 yearsJews kicked out of governmentNazi opponents sent to concentration campsOpposition parties and unions dismantledPublic officials forced to swear loyalty to HitlerSuccessfully pulled Germany out of the Depression.#11: What did Hitler do once in power to maintain his position? What helped him gain popularity?

Francisco FrancoSpanish GeneralWas one of the leaders in an attempted coup after the 1936 election gave the Popular Front powerPopular front included socialists, republicans, anarchists, etc.The coup failed, but this led to the beginning of the Spanish Civil WarFrancos side was called the Nationalists (or the Rebels)right wing politicians and much of the army.The Popular Front was also sometimes called the Loyalists or Republicans (loyal to the elected republican government).

#12: What were the two sides in the Spanish Civil War? Which side was Francisco Franco on?

The Spanish Civil WarLasted from 1936 to 1939.Approximately 500,000 died.Rebels/Nationalists were aided by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.Loyalists/Republicans/Popular Front were aided by USSR.Also the International Brigadessocialists, anarchists, and other left-wing folks from around Europe and elsewheresupported the LoyalistsUS volunteers (2,800) were known as the Abraham Lincoln BrigadesSome African Americans joined as a way to fight against fascism (after Mussolini had attacked Ethiopia).Oliver Law was the first African American to lead an integrated military force in U.S. history.#13: Who helped each of the two sides in the Spanish Civil War?

The Bombing of GuernicaApril 26, 1937Defenseless town of low strategic valueAttacked by German Luftwaffe (Air Force)Terror Bombingaimed at breaking the will of civiliansUsed to test weapons and tactics in preparation for WWII.

#14: What happened at Guernica and how was it related to WWII?

Franco after the Civil War1939 Franco won the war.He remained as dictator until 1975.Resistance continued in many forms throughout this time.Officially neutral in WWII, but supported Germany in relatively minor ways.However, Spain was a safe haven to which many Jews escaped from Nazi-controlled territories(They were lucky that Franco never finalized a deal with Hitler to enter the war!)

Make a Venn Diagram!#15: Make a Venn Diagram of Fascist and Totalitarian leaders in 1930s Europe. Include the leaders names and countries.