Warm Up: What was the League of Nations? What was the main goal of the League of Nations? What was the main fault of the League of Nations?

Standards Objective

10.8.3 - Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.

10.9.1 - Compare the economic and military power shifts caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, Soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan.

I will be able to organize information for the different conferences during and after World War 2 and infer the reasoning behind why the Cold War begins.

The Atlantic Conference aboard the USS Augusta

The Atlantic Conference and Charter President Roosevelt and PM Churchill meet

on August 9 and 10, 1941 Meet in Newfoundland on the USS Augusta

Purpose: Discuss a postwar international system and to restore self-governing countriesDrafted 8 common principles to support after the

war Allies don’t believe that the Soviet Union can

hold off Hitler for very longGreat Britain wants the US to get involved

○ This was also to protect the British colonies such as India and Egypt

8 Common Principles Both countries (US and UK) agreed not to seek

territorial expansion to seek the reform of international trade;

Wanted to make a global economy to establish freedom of the seas, international labor, economic, and welfare

standards. supporting the restoration of self-governments

for all countries that had been occupied during the war and allowing all peoples to choose their own form of government

Reactions to the Atlantic Conference The United States reacted in poor favor of the

Atlantic conferenceWanted to stay isolated from Europe

○ Roosevelt hoped that the Charter might encourage the American people to back U.S. intervention in World War II on behalf of the Allies

Churchill wanted to get the US into World War 2Upset because Roosevelt would not discuss this, but

rather focused on the international systemHe wanted this also to help protect British colonies in

SE AsiaAlthough the US does not join, this agreement does

raise morale in the UK

Tehran Conference

The Tehran Conference

Purpose: to coordinate their attack against Germany and Japan. Discussion of Operation Overlord

○ Stalin did not fully believe that the British and US were committed to a 2 front war.

Stalin would declare war on Japan after a victory in Europe○ He would only join if he was to get

territory (conceded by Roosevelt)

President Roosevelt, Premier Stalin and PM Churchill meet on November 28 to December 1, 1943. The Three meet in Tehran, Iran

Eastern Europe, Germany at Tehran The Baltics would only rejoin the Soviet

Union if they voted to rejoin the Soviet UnionStalin wanted no international interference in

the voting process Poland’s borders were redrawn The idea of Germany being occupied

was brought up as a discussion point

Other Points From Tehran Proposed the future United Nations would be dominated by

“four policemen” the United States, Britain, China, and Soviet Union “would have the power to deal immediately with any threat to the

peace and any sudden emergency which requires action.” Big Three issued Declaration of the Three Powers Regarding

Iran thanked the Iranian Government for its assistance in the war

against Germany promised to provide it with economic assistance both during and

after the war Roosevelt believe he won because of what he got from the

Soviet Union Stalin also is believe the Soviet Union won because he secured

more territories

Yalta Conference

The Yalta Conference Stalin (USSR), Roosevelt (US), Churchill (UK)

were in attendance. Conference held at Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine on February

4-11 1945 This conference took place before the Germans

surrendered Purpose: To discuss what would happen to

Germany after the war in Europe ends and to discuss how to attack Japan

Roosevelt wants the UN, Stalin wants to protect against future German invasions, and Churchill wants to not give Stalin too much power

Main ideas: peace and security

Yalta Agreement

Agreed upon the following items: divide Germany into four ‘zones’, which Britain, France, the

USA and the USSR would occupy after the war. bring Nazi war-criminals to trial. set up a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity

'pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections as soon as possible'.

help the freed peoples of Europe set up democratic and self-governing countries by helping them to ○ (a) maintain law and order; ○ (b) carry out emergency relief measures; ○ (c) set up governments; and ○ (d) hold elections

this was called the Declaration of Liberated Europe

set up a commission to look into the amount of reparations.

Yalta and The Big Three Russia wins the Yalta Conference by getting the

most Russia would join the war in the Pacific, in return for

occupation zones in North Korea and Manchuria.○ This was without the knowledge of Britain or China (who it

greatly affected)

Russia also agreed to join the United Nations.Both of these were due to the US insistence in

having the USSR help in the war in pacific Tensions would build due to Poland

US and GB want it to be a free elected state while the USSR want Poland apart of the Eastern Bloc

Roosevelt is criticized for giving up too much to Stalin

Divide and Conquer! On your map, divide up Germany into 4 parts

and label which countries should get what!FranceBritainUnited StatesSoviet Union

Copy how your elbow buddy’s map and compare how they decided to divide it.

Find someone of the opposite gender in the class who has a division different that you and your partner!

Potsdam Conference

The Potsdam Conference

Attended by President Truman (US), Premier Stalin (USSR), and new PM Attlee replacing Churchill (UK)Met in Potsdam, Germany on July 17th to August 2,

1945. Known as the “Treaty of Versailles of World War II” Purpose: negotiate the end of the War in the Pacific

and determine the post war borders of Europe The Big Three disagreed on

○ the details of how to divide Germany.○ the size of reparations Germany have to pay.○ Russian influence over the countries of Eastern Europe.

Three Factors before the Potsdam Conference Relations between the superpowers had worsened

considerably since Yalta.  In March 1945, Stalin had invited the non-Communist Polish

leaders to meet him, and arrested them. In April 1945, Roosevelt dies, and America had a new

president, Truman, who was inclined to ‘get tough’ with the Russians.  

Also, soon after he had arrived at the Conference, Truman learned (on 21 July) that America had tested the first atomic bomb.   It gave the Americans a huge military advantage over

everyone else.  It also meant that Truman didn't need Stalin's help in Japan.

○ What do you think happened or will happen due to this factor?

The Result of Potsdam  The Big Three agreed on

to set up the four ‘zones of occupation’ in Germany. The Nazi Party, government and laws were to be destroyed,

and 'German education shall be so controlled as completely to eliminate Nazi and militarist doctrines and to make possible the successful development of democratic ideas.

to bring Nazi war-criminals to trial. to recognize the Polish Provisional Government of National

Unity and hold 'free and unfettered elections as soon as possible'.

Russia was allowed to take reparations from the Soviet Zone, and also 10% of the industrial equipment of the western zones as reparations.  America and Britain could take reparations from their zones if they wished.

Division of Germany

Check for Understanding!

This cartoon was drawn after the Potsdam Conference. How is this a representation of the results of Potsdam?

The United Nations

Q: How did the United Nations begin to form from the Atlantic conference to its creation?

A:Atlantic Conference

○ Part of the purpose of the Atlantic Conference was to discuss a postwar international system

Tehran Conference○ Proposed the future United Nations would be dominated

by “four policemen” Yalta Conference

○ Outlined in the Yalta Agreement that they would begin to create the United Nations

○ Russia also agreed to join the United Nations.

What is the UN?

The United Nations was a new version of the League of NationsObjective is to keep peace and assist

people who need the helpPromote human rights around the worldOffer security to those in need

Security Council – 5 countries who cannot be kicked offUSSR, US, France, Great Britain, and China

Thinking Ahead

What event do you think comes as a direct result of the Potsdam Conference?

What do you think might have played a role in this event from the conferences we have learned?