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Warm-upWhat is Psychology to you? What does this mean and why should we study it?
What is Psychology ?
Overview Early years Psychological Science is Born Psychological Science Develops Psychology’s Biggest Question Levels of Analysis Subfields
Psychology The scientific study of the human mind
and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context…
Early Years Studies closely
related to Psychology can be shown in the world as early as the fifth and sixth centuries B.C. by the Greeks They set the stage
for developing Psychology by using observation as a means of knowing their world
Socrates- By logic… mind is separable from the body and continues after the body dies
Plato- Knowledge is innate you are born with it
Aristotle- Knowledge is not preexisting instead it grows from experiences
Early Years Next big ideas come in the 1600
Rene Descartes (1595-1650)- Said that “animal spirits” travel from the brain to the body through hollow nerves He agrees with Socrates and Plato, the mind is
separate from the body Francis Bacon (1561-1626)- Patterns and it’s
importance He believes the mind tries to find order in
everything… always looking for a pattern John Locke (1632-1704)- tabula rasa (Blank Slate)…
The mind is blank you learn from experiences
Psychological Science is Born Germany 1879- Wihelm Wundt creates
the first actual psychological experiment His experiment was about people’s
hearing and reactions… Trying to find a link between hearing and
mental process Following this are several different
experiments that begin what we today call Psychology
Leading to the creation of different “schools” or branches in the field
The Beginning Fields
Structuralism Edward Bradford
Titchener Study of the basic
elements that make up conscious mental experiences
The Structure of the mind and reporting on the elements of people’s experiences
Functionalism William James
(student of Charles Darwin) Study of the
function not the structure of the consciousness
How the brain functions
Beginning Fields Continued
Experimental Psychology
Titchener and Washburn Study of behavior
and thinking using experimental method
Explore thinking and behavior through experiments
Psychological Science Develops
Psychologist who develop the field are actually from all sorts of other fields of science… Philosophers,
physicians, biologists, physiologists
Change from looking at the introspection to the studying of observable behaviors
Wundt- Philosopher/ physiologist
James- Philosopher Pavlov- Physiologist Freud- Physician Piaget biologist
New Studies
Behaviorism 1920-1960 Watson and Skinner The view that
psychology, should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
Study of behavior
Humanistic Psychology 1960-Present Carl Rogers and Maslow Historically significant
perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individuals potential for personal growth
Study current life needs
New Studies
Cognitive Neuroscience
1960- Present Supported earlier
psychologists and the importance of how our mind processes and retains information
the study of brain activity linked with mental activity
Big Questions!Nature vs Nurture
How are we humans alike? Are gender differences biologically
predisposed or socially constructed? Language innate or formed by
experience ? Intelligence and personality influenced
by heredity and environment? Etc.
Levels of Analysis- Anger Biological- brain circuits that make us have
a red face Evolutionary- How anger helped our
ancestors Psychodynamic- anger= out burst of
unconscious hostility Behavioral- What triggers angry responses
or aggressive acts Cognitive- interpretation of a situation
affects out anger anger affects thinking Social-Cultural- How expression of anger
varies across cultural contexts
Subfields Developmental Psychologists- Changing abilities from
womb tomb Cognitive Psychologists- How we perceive, think and
solve problems Educational Psychologists- Influences on teaching and
learning Personality psychologists- Investigation our persistent
traits Social Psychologists- How we view things and how that
affects others Counseling Psychologists- Help people cope with
challenges and crisis Clinical Psychologists- Assess and treats mental ,
emotional and behavioral disorders