Warm-upWarm-up

What have we learned about that will What have we learned about that will inspire revolution?inspire revolution?

What three things might inspire the people What three things might inspire the people of Latin America to rebel against the of Latin America to rebel against the Spanish colonizers in the 1800s?Spanish colonizers in the 1800s?

Independence Movements Independence Movements in Latin Americain Latin America

The ideas and examples of the The ideas and examples of the American and French Revolutions American and French Revolutions

motivated the people of L.A. to motivated the people of L.A. to establish independent nations.establish independent nations.

CountryCountry Leader of MovementLeader of Movement Description & OutcomeDescription & Outcome

HaitiHaiti Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture(former slave)(former slave)

1804: 1804: • Slaves in Haiti rebelledSlaves in Haiti rebelled• Abolished slaveryAbolished slavery• Won independenceWon independence

*Mexico*Mexico Miguel HidalgoMiguel Hidalgo(Catholic priest)(Catholic priest)

1821: 1821: • Ignited uprising of poor Mexicans Ignited uprising of poor Mexicans

(Indians and mixed ancestry) (Indians and mixed ancestry) against Spanish ruling classagainst Spanish ruling class

• End to slavery and exploitation of End to slavery and exploitation of native peoplenative people

• Hidalgo executed before Hidalgo executed before independence was achieved but independence was achieved but sparked the movementsparked the movement

*Venezuela*Venezuela& Colombia& Colombia

Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar((el Libertadorel Libertador))

1810: 1810: •Began campaign here in Venezuela Began campaign here in Venezuela •Influenced by Rousseau to rebel against Influenced by Rousseau to rebel against royalty, royalty, •Supported a constitutional monarchy, Supported a constitutional monarchy, •Hoped to unite with Venezuela and Hoped to unite with Venezuela and Colombia (Gran Colombia) Colombia (Gran Colombia) • Gran Colombia broke into various Gran Colombia broke into various nations starting in 1828nations starting in 1828

*Argentina, *Argentina, Chile, PeruChile, Peru

Jose de San MartinJose de San Martin •1816:1816:•Began campaign in ArgentinaBegan campaign in Argentina•Fought northward until turning over Fought northward until turning over command to Bolivar in 1822command to Bolivar in 1822

*Brazil*Brazil Prince PedroPrince Pedro(Son of Prince (Son of Prince Regent Joao)Regent Joao)

1822: 1822: •Father brought money and followers from Father brought money and followers from Portugal to escape Napoleon--went back Portugal to escape Napoleon--went back to Portugalto Portugal•Pedro (son) supported revolutionaries Pedro (son) supported revolutionaries •Support from Britain kept Brazil unitedSupport from Britain kept Brazil united

Monroe Doctrine: What caused Monroe to issue it?

Latin American in 1700– colonial powers

Monroe Doctrine 1823Monroe Doctrine 1823 Issued by American President James MonroeIssued by American President James Monroe

L.A. nations were acknowledged as independentL.A. nations were acknowledged as independent

Asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be Asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European countriesfurther colonized by European countries1. The American continents should be considered “closed” to all

European countries: No more colonization in Western hemisphere!2. Nations in the Western hemisphere are different from those in the

Eastern: republics vs. monarchies3. If Europe tries in any way to interfere with the affairs of the

Western hemisphere, the U.S. will consider this a serious and personal threat

4. In return, the U.S. won’t mess with Europe!

Why the Monroe Doctrine?Why the Monroe Doctrine?

Primary ObjectivePrimary Objective: to free the newly : to free the newly independent colonies of L.A. from independent colonies of L.A. from European intervention and control European intervention and control