Warm Up

Warm up Questions:

1. If you were living under an Absolute Monarchy or a dictatorship how would you respond?

2. What freedoms do you have as a United States citizen?

Understanding the Enlightenment

• Brainstorming: • Why would this period in

History be known as the Enlightenment? What does this term mean?

Absolutism…Reminder Discussion

• Define Absolutism

• Who were some of the Absolutist Rulers that we studied in Unit 3?

• How did they rule their countries?

*Essential Question: Why didn’t England have an absolutist monarchy during the Age of Absolutism?

The English Monarchy

1603

1689

The TudorsThe Tudors1485-16031485-1603Henry VII was a shrewd Henry VII was a shrewd

businessman who did not businessman who did not levy taxes nor deplete the levy taxes nor deplete the treasurytreasury

Henry VIII waged wars but Henry VIII waged wars but had profited greatly from had profited greatly from the seizure of Church the seizure of Church lands and lands and wealth during wealth during the Reformationthe Reformation

Elizabeth I often needed Elizabeth I often needed to deal with Parliament in to deal with Parliament in terms of domestic issues terms of domestic issues and raising fundsand raising funds

Elizabeth died without any Elizabeth died without any direct heirs to succeed herdirect heirs to succeed her

TTHEHE S STUARTTUART DDYNASTYYNASTYThe closest relative with The closest relative with

royal blood was King royal blood was King James VI of ScotlandJames VI of Scotland

James moved to EnglandJames moved to EnglandJames I of England James I of England Crowned in 1603Crowned in 1603Scotland and England Scotland and England

were not unitedwere not unitedRaised as a Catholic but Raised as a Catholic but

supported Anglican supported Anglican Church Church more powermore power

1605 – 1605 – Gunpowder Plot

The True Law of Free The True Law of Free MonarchiesMonarchies James was a staunch James was a staunch

proponent of divine right proponent of divine right absolutismabsolutism

Wrote a book declaring Wrote a book declaring his opinions on his opinions on governmentgovernment

Gave power and lavish Gave power and lavish gifts to his favorite gifts to his favorite courtierscourtiers

Duke of BuckinghamDuke of BuckinghamRefused to discuss policy Refused to discuss policy

with Parliamentwith ParliamentDissolved Parliament and Dissolved Parliament and

collected his own taxes collected his own taxes violated the principles of violated the principles of the Magna Carta the Magna Carta

Also clashed with Puritans Also clashed with Puritans over the Anglican Churchover the Anglican Church

Puritans were influential Puritans were influential in the House of Commonsin the House of Commons

The Rights of The Rights of EnglishmenEnglishmen In 1625, Charles I became king In 1625, Charles I became king continued the policies of his continued the policies of his

father. Charles supported divine right and Anglicanismfather. Charles supported divine right and Anglicanism 1628 – Charles needed to call Parliament because of La Rochelle 1628 – Charles needed to call Parliament because of La Rochelle

and economic decline due to the Thirty Years’ War (Needed $)and economic decline due to the Thirty Years’ War (Needed $) Parliament insisted that Charles sign the Petition of Right which Parliament insisted that Charles sign the Petition of Right which

required him to gain consent for taxes and respect due process of required him to gain consent for taxes and respect due process of lawlaw

Charles signed it but dissolved Parliament and did not call on it for Charles signed it but dissolved Parliament and did not call on it for 11 years11 years

In 1637, Charles and his Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, In 1637, Charles and his Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, tried to force the Calvinist nobles of Scotland to accept the Church tried to force the Calvinist nobles of Scotland to accept the Church of England of England Scots rebelled and threatened northern EnglandScots rebelled and threatened northern England

Charles called Parliament into session in 1640, but Parliament was Charles called Parliament into session in 1640, but Parliament was unwilling to help Charles and tried and later executed Laud and unwilling to help Charles and tried and later executed Laud and other royal ministersother royal ministers

TThe he EEnglish nglish CCivil ivil WWar, ar, 1642-491642-49 In 1642, Charles tried to arrest the leaders of ParliamentIn 1642, Charles tried to arrest the leaders of ParliamentCivil war erupted between factions supporting Parliament Civil war erupted between factions supporting Parliament

and Puritan reforms and the Royalists who supported and Puritan reforms and the Royalists who supported Charles I and the Anglican ChurchCharles I and the Anglican Church

Roundheads and CavaliersRoundheads and CavaliersCromwell and the New Model Army fought for ParliamentCromwell and the New Model Army fought for ParliamentBattles of Marston Moor and Naseby turned the tideBattles of Marston Moor and Naseby turned the tide In 1647, Charles was captured by Parliamentarian forcesIn 1647, Charles was captured by Parliamentarian forcesCharles was executed for tyranny in 1649Charles was executed for tyranny in 1649

Commonwealth of Commonwealth of EnglandEnglandThe House of Commons The House of Commons

eliminated the monarchy, eliminated the monarchy, House of Lords, and the House of Lords, and the Anglican ChurchAnglican Church

Formed a republicFormed a republic5% of population voted5% of population votedSupporters of Stuarts Supporters of Stuarts

caused unrest in Scotland caused unrest in Scotland and Irelandand Ireland

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell suppressed suppressed Irish and ScottishIrish and Scottish

Levellers wanted universal Levellers wanted universal suffragesuffrage

Cromwell dissolved Cromwell dissolved Parliament and ruled as Parliament and ruled as dictator in 1653dictator in 1653

The Lord Protector of the The Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of EnglandCommonwealth of England

The Puritan RevolutionCromwell ushered in a new era of law and order Cromwell ushered in a new era of law and order

based on the values of puritanical Protestantsbased on the values of puritanical ProtestantsClosed theaters, banned gambling, outlawed Closed theaters, banned gambling, outlawed

drinking, prohibited dancing, and enforced the drinking, prohibited dancing, and enforced the SabbathSabbath

Promoted literacy and public educationPromoted literacy and public educationWomen were still subordinate to menWomen were still subordinate to menPersecuted Catholics throughout the British Persecuted Catholics throughout the British

IslesIslesTolerant towards Protestants and JewsTolerant towards Protestants and JewsCromwell died in 1658Cromwell died in 1658His son, Richard, was a weak and ineffective His son, Richard, was a weak and ineffective

leaderleaderGeneral George Monck welcomed Charles II of General George Monck welcomed Charles II of

the Stuart dynasty back to Englandthe Stuart dynasty back to England

Charles II assumed the Charles II assumed the throne in 1660throne in 1660

Merry MonarchMerry MonarchSpent time in the court of Spent time in the court of

Louis XIVLouis XIVSupported divine right Supported divine right

absolutismabsolutismCatholic sympathiesCatholic sympathiesWar with the Dutch over War with the Dutch over

trade and mercantilismtrade and mercantilismAvoided struggles with Avoided struggles with

ParliamentParliamentHabeas Corpus ActHabeas Corpus ActDid not have childrenDid not have children

The Glorious

Revolution James, brother of Charles II, became James, brother of Charles II, became

monarch in 1685monarch in 1685 James II was openly CatholicJames II was openly Catholic Violated the Petition of Right and Violated the Petition of Right and

Elizabeth’s Act of UniformityElizabeth’s Act of Uniformity Parliament divided into partiesParliament divided into parties Tories supported the succession of Tories supported the succession of

JamesJames Whigs opposed his succession and Whigs opposed his succession and

would eventually support revolutionwould eventually support revolution James had a son who was baptized as James had a son who was baptized as

a Catholic a Catholic Parliament feared a Catholic dynasty Parliament feared a Catholic dynasty

and countryand country Invited James’s Protestant daughter Invited James’s Protestant daughter

and her Dutch husband to rule and her Dutch husband to rule EnglandEngland

John Churchill, the Duke of John Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough, led the English armyMarlborough, led the English army

He did not support James and did not He did not support James and did not resist the arrival of William and Maryresist the arrival of William and Mary

James fled England without a fight but James fled England without a fight but later incited rebellion in Ireland with later incited rebellion in Ireland with the support of Louis XIVthe support of Louis XIV

English Bill of Rights

William III and Mary II agreed to sign a “bill of rights” when they took their thrones

Agreed to not levy taxes without consent of Parliament, to enforce and not suspend laws, to respect freedom of speech in Parliament, protect due process of law (habeas corpus), and not permit cruel and unusual punishment

Also passed the Toleration Act Disallowed a Catholic monarch of

England and did not permit religious freedom for Catholics

Mary died in 1696 and William reigned until 1702

William renewed the Anglo-Dutch alliance and became the fiercest enemy of Louis XIV in the Wars of the Palatinate and Spanish Succession

John Churchill became the military hero of England by defeating French and Spanish forces in the Netherlands

Mary’s sister, Anne, ruled England until 1714 when she died and the Stuart dynasty ended

TheThe ConstitutioConstitutio

nal nal Monarchy Monarchy of Great of Great BritainBritain

Parliament was now the Parliament was now the higher political institution in higher political institution in EnglandEngland

The government’s power was The government’s power was defined and limited by the defined and limited by the “rule of law”“rule of law”

In 1707, England, Wales, and In 1707, England, Wales, and Scotland unified into one Scotland unified into one kingdom under the English kingdom under the English monarch and Parliamentmonarch and Parliament

The Hanovers of Germany The Hanovers of Germany replaced the Stuart dynastyreplaced the Stuart dynasty

The House of Lords and The House of Lords and Commons supplied ministers Commons supplied ministers to be the official advisers toto be the official advisers to the monarchs the monarchs CabinetCabinet

Prime Minister Robert Prime Minister Robert WalpoleWalpole

Great Britain, the United Great Britain, the United Provinces of the Netherlands, Provinces of the Netherlands, and later, the United States and later, the United States of America inspired the of America inspired the movement toward movement toward constitutional government constitutional government across the globeacross the globe

The First Amendment

•Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise there of; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

What are your rights?

Final Question

• Why happened to absolutist monarchs in England?

– What type of government did England end up with?

English Bill of Rights