Warm-UpWarm-Up

►Name as many countries in Central Name as many countries in Central and South America as you can. and South America as you can. Winner gets a prize! NO CHEATING!Winner gets a prize! NO CHEATING!

MapMap

►Label all of the countries of Label all of the countries of Central/South America.Central/South America.

Coloring Coloring

Color all of the countries who were ruled by the Color all of the countries who were ruled by the same country one color, and the next another same country one color, and the next another color, and the next another color, etc.color, and the next another color, etc.

► Brazil- Color one (Portuguese)Brazil- Color one (Portuguese)► Suriname- Color two (Dutch)Suriname- Color two (Dutch)►Guyana/Belize- Color three (British)Guyana/Belize- Color three (British)► French Guiana/Haiti- Color four (French) French Guiana/Haiti- Color four (French) ►Mexico/the rest of South America/DR- Color Mexico/the rest of South America/DR- Color

five (Spanish)five (Spanish)

Latin American Latin American RevolutionsRevolutions

BackgroundBackground

►Revolutionary Revolutionary fever of Europe fever of Europe had spread to LA.had spread to LA.

►300 years of 300 years of Spanish rule.Spanish rule.

►Social, racial, and Social, racial, and political political discontent.discontent.

Ethnic and Social HierarchyEthnic and Social Hierarchy

► Spanish-born Spanish-born peninsulares peninsulares dominated dominated LA life.LA life.

► Creoles Creoles resented their resented their second class status.second class status.

► Mestizos Mestizos and and Mulattoes Mulattoes were angry at were angry at being denied everything being denied everything available to whites.available to whites.

► Native Americans Native Americans unhappy.unhappy.

► African slaves wanted African slaves wanted freedom.freedom.

Enlightenment IdeasEnlightenment Ideas

►1700s, creoles 1700s, creoles read E works.read E works.

►Watched colonists Watched colonists win in NA.win in NA.

►Translations of Translations of DOI and DOI and Constitution were Constitution were circulated.circulated.

►Still many were Still many were reluctant to act.reluctant to act.

Napoleon Invades Spain Napoleon Invades Spain

►Spark LA needed.Spark LA needed.►Ousted the Ousted the

Spanish king and Spanish king and placed his brother, placed his brother, Joseph, on the Joseph, on the throne.throne.

►LA countries saw LA countries saw this as an this as an opportunity. opportunity.

Haiti’s Struggle for Haiti’s Struggle for IndependenceIndependence

► French ruled colony.French ruled colony.► Profitable sugar Profitable sugar

plantations run by plantations run by enslaved Africans.enslaved Africans.

►Haiti’s slaves revolted in Haiti’s slaves revolted in 1791.1791.

► Lead by Toussaint Lead by Toussaint L’Overture. L’Overture.

► Long, complex, deadly.Long, complex, deadly.► 1798, slaves freed, LO’s 1798, slaves freed, LO’s

troops controlled island.troops controlled island.

IndependenceIndependence► In 1802, Napoleon sends In 1802, Napoleon sends

troops to reconquer Haiti.troops to reconquer Haiti.► Toussaint again took the Toussaint again took the

lead.lead.► Forces were aided by Forces were aided by

yellow fever.yellow fever.► French agreed to a truce.French agreed to a truce.► French captured French captured

Toussaint, died in prison.Toussaint, died in prison.► In 1804, Haitian leaders In 1804, Haitian leaders

claimed independence.claimed independence.► Finally, NB abandon Haiti.Finally, NB abandon Haiti.► After years of fighting for After years of fighting for

power, Haiti became a power, Haiti became a republic in 1820.republic in 1820.

STOP!!!!!!!STOP!!!!!!!

►Read Toussaint on slavery primary Read Toussaint on slavery primary source and answer questions 1-3.source and answer questions 1-3.

Mapping AssignmentMapping Assignment

►On your map, write the year of On your map, write the year of independence next to the country.independence next to the country.

►MexicoMexico-1821 -1821 GuatemalaGuatemala- 1839 - 1839 El El Salvador-Salvador- 1839 1839 Honduras, Nicaragua, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica-Costa Rica- 1838 1838 Haiti- Haiti- 18041804 DR- DR- 18441844

►Venezuela- Venezuela- 1830 1830 Colombia- Colombia- 1819 1819 Ecuador- Ecuador- 1822 1822 Peru- Peru- 1824 1824 Bolivia- Bolivia- 18251825

►Chile- Chile- 1818 1818 Argentina- Argentina- 1816 1816 Uruguay- Uruguay- 1828 1828 Paraguay- Paraguay- 1811 1811 Brazil- Brazil- 1822 1822

Warm-UpWarm-Up

►Name 5 LA countries and the year that Name 5 LA countries and the year that they became independent.they became independent.

Mexico and Central AmericaMexico and Central America

► Creoles in Mexico Creoles in Mexico were frightened.were frightened.

► Father Miguel Hidalgo Father Miguel Hidalgo appealed to people.appealed to people.

► Ragged army of Ragged army of meztizos rallied, but meztizos rallied, but weren’t successful.weren’t successful.

►Hidalgo was captured Hidalgo was captured and executed.and executed.

►His followers His followers scattered.scattered.

STOP!!!!STOP!!!!

►Read Read Decree of Hidalgo Decree of Hidalgo and answer and answer questions 1-3.questions 1-3.

Jose MorelosJose Morelos

► Priest.Priest.► Picked up the banner Picked up the banner

of revolution.of revolution.►Wanted reform.Wanted reform.

Improve conditions for Improve conditions for majority of Mexicans.majority of Mexicans.

Abolish slavery.Abolish slavery. Allow all men to vote.Allow all men to vote.

► Led for four years, Led for four years, then was captured then was captured and shot.and shot.

Mexican IndependenceMexican Independence► In 1820, liberals forced In 1820, liberals forced

Spain to issue a Spain to issue a constitution.constitution.

► Alarmed Agustin de Alarmed Agustin de Iturbide. C Creole.Iturbide. C Creole.

► Reaches out and rallies all Reaches out and rallies all groups.groups.

► Overthrows Spanish, Overthrows Spanish, becomes emperor.becomes emperor.

► Eventually overthrown and Eventually overthrown and Republic of Mexico is Republic of Mexico is established.established.

► Although free, little Although free, little changed.changed.

► Military dominated.Military dominated.► Next 100 years brought Next 100 years brought

new struggles.new struggles.

Native AmericansNative Americans

► In SA, NA had rebelled In SA, NA had rebelled for years.for years.

► Tupac Amaru was Tupac Amaru was strongest NA strongest NA challenger.challenger.

► Demanded change Demanded change from force labor.from force labor.

► In 1780, organized In 1780, organized revolt.revolt.

► Large army crushed Large army crushed the rebels and killed the rebels and killed Amaru.Amaru.

► Eventually did get his Eventually did get his wish.wish.

Independence in South Independence in South AmericaAmerica

► Simon Bolivar admired Simon Bolivar admired French and U.S. French and U.S. Revolutions.Revolutions.

► Led uprising in Led uprising in Venezuela.Venezuela.

►Was toppled by Was toppled by conservatives.conservatives.

► Civil Wars followed.Civil Wars followed.► Bolivar forced to exile.Bolivar forced to exile.► Conceives a daring Conceives a daring

plan.plan.► After success, “The After success, “The

Liberator” moved Liberator” moved south.south.

STOP!!!!!!STOP!!!!!!

►Read Simon Bolivar: Read Simon Bolivar: Address to the Address to the Congress of VenezuelaCongress of Venezuela and answer and answer questions 1-3questions 1-3

San MartinSan Martin

► CreoleCreole►Helped Argentina win Helped Argentina win

freedom from Spain.freedom from Spain.► Then moved to Chile Then moved to Chile

and Peru.and Peru.► Views too different Views too different

from Bolivar.from Bolivar.► Steps aside and lets Steps aside and lets

him win the final him win the final victories against victories against Spain.Spain.

Dreams and DisappointmentDreams and Disappointment

► By 1824, wars ended.By 1824, wars ended.► Bolivar tries to unite Bolivar tries to unite

lands.lands.► Rivalries too strong.Rivalries too strong.► Destructive civil wars Destructive civil wars

and unstable and unstable governments.governments.

► No social revolution ever No social revolution ever took place.took place.

► SA’s people simply SA’s people simply changed one set of changed one set of masters for another. masters for another.

►““We have We have achieved our achieved our independence at independence at the expense of the expense of everything else.”everything else.” Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar

Independence for BrazilIndependence for Brazil► Napoleon’s armies Napoleon’s armies

capture Portugal.capture Portugal.► Royal families fled to Royal families fled to

Brazil.Brazil.► King introduces many King introduces many

reforms.reforms.► Returns and leaves his Returns and leaves his

son Dom Pedro at the son Dom Pedro at the throne.throne.

► Accepted constitution Accepted constitution and granted:and granted: Freedom of pressFreedom of press Freedom of religionFreedom of religion Elected legislatureElected legislature

► Remained a monarchy Remained a monarchy until 1889 when it until 1889 when it became a republic.became a republic.

AssignmentAssignment

► Create a chart of Create a chart of leaders and their leaders and their countries they countries they helped free.helped free.

LeaderLeader CountryCountry

L’OvertureL’Overture HaitiHaiti