Warm UpWarm Up• Look up and explain

why some people in the picture to the right feel both P and S waves and why others only experience one type of wave.

• Look up and explain why some people in the picture to the right feel both P and S waves and why others only experience one type of wave.

Daily ObjectiveDaily Objective

• SWBAT explain how the release of energy of various types of earthquakes relates to magnitude, and P and S waves.

• SWBAT explain how the release of energy of various types of earthquakes relates to magnitude, and P and S waves.

2

P WAVESP WAVES• P waves (primary waves) are

compression waves. They push (compress) and pull (expand) in the direction that the wave is traveling.

• These move really fast! They arrive first, but cause the least damage.

• P waves (primary waves) are compression waves. They push (compress) and pull (expand) in the direction that the wave is traveling.

• These move really fast! They arrive first, but cause the least damage.

P-Wave DemonstrationP-Wave Demonstration

4

S WAVESS WAVESS waves (secondary waves) move in

right angles and are slower than P waves.

They arrive second, and cause a moderate amount of damage.

S waves (secondary waves) move in right angles and are slower than P waves.

They arrive second, and cause a moderate amount of damage.

S Wave DemonstrationS Wave Demonstration

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SURFACE WAVESSURFACE WAVES

• Travel along the earth’s surface. • Love waves move side to side.

(Bottom left picture.)• Raleigh waves move up, down, and

around. (Bottom right picture.)

• Travel along the earth’s surface. • Love waves move side to side.

(Bottom left picture.)• Raleigh waves move up, down, and

around. (Bottom right picture.)

Surface vs Body Wave comparison

Surface vs Body Wave comparison

• Which causes more damage? Explain.

• Which wave moves slower?

• Which causes more damage? Explain.

• Which wave moves slower?

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WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE IN REAL LIFE

Draw the diagram in your notes.

P-Wave S-Wave

Surface Wave

S-P Time MethodS-P Time Method

• Method used to determine the location of the epicenter of an Earthquake.

• 3 seismograph readings are needed to determine the epicenters location.

• Method used to determine the location of the epicenter of an Earthquake.

• 3 seismograph readings are needed to determine the epicenters location.

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HOW SCIENTISTS USE THIS

SCENARIO 1: A P Wave arrives at the seismograph station 3 minutes after an earthquake. An S Wave arrives 8 minutes after an earthquake. What is the difference in arrival time?

Answer 1 ___________________

SCENARIO 2: At 10:32 a P Wave arrives. At 10:45 and S Wave arrives. What is the difference in arrival time?

Answer 2 _______________________

SCENARIO 3:

P Wave = _____________________

S Wave = _____________________

Answer = ______________________

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3:00 3:02 3:04 3:06 3:08 3:10 3:12 3:14 3:16

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SCENARIO 4:     

P Wave = _____________________S Wave = _____________________

SCENARIO #5

1. Read the problem and box in key words.

2. Identify the information on the axis.

3. Plot your points to find data. ________________________

4. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

Determine the difference in the travel-times between the first P wave and the first S wave, if the seismic station is 1000 kilometers from the epicenter.

SCENARIO #6

1. Read the problem and box in key words.

2. Identify the information on the axis.

3. Plot your points to find data. ________________________

4. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

Determine the difference in the travel-times between the first P wave and the first S wave, if the seismic station is 500 miles from the epicenter.

SCENARIO #7

1. Read the problem and box in key words.

2. Identify the information on the axis.

3. Plot your points to find data. ________________________

4. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

Determine the difference in the travel-times between the first P wave and the first S wave, if the seismic station is 2,000 miles from the epicenter.

SCENARIO #8

1. Read the problem and box in key words.

2. Count the intervals between the lines.

3. When you have found one close to your boxed in words, plot your points to find data.

4. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 6.5 minutes after the first P wave?

SCENARIO #9

1. Read the problem and box in key words.

2. Count the intervals between the lines.

3. When you have found one close to your boxed in words, plot your points to find data.

4. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 2.0 minutes after the first P wave?

SCENARIO #10

1. Read the problem and box in key words.

2. Count the intervals between the lines.

3. When you have found one close to your boxed in words, plot your points to find data.

4. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 4.0 minutes after the first P wave?

What type of destruction occurs from Earthquakes?What type of destruction occurs from Earthquakes?

What are tsunamis?What are tsunamis?• Tsunamis:

– An underwater wave caused by an earthquake or underwater landslide triggered by vibrations

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12769741

• Tsunamis:– An underwater wave caused by an

earthquake or underwater landslide triggered by vibrations

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12769741

Where do Tsunamis occur?Where do Tsunamis occur?

• Convergent boundaries (reverse faults)• Convergent boundaries (reverse faults)

Tsunami Destruction in Japan Before AfterTsunami Destruction in Japan Before After

FAST FACTFAST FACT

The largest recorded earthquake in the world was a magnitude 9.5 (Mw) in Chile on May 22, 1960

The largest recorded earthquake in the world was a magnitude 9.5 (Mw) in Chile on May 22, 1960

Haiti ArticleHaiti Article

1. Read Article

2. Answer questions and reference to the paragraph your answer was found.

1. Read Article

2. Answer questions and reference to the paragraph your answer was found.

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Haiti Article Part IIHaiti Article Part II

1. Discuss and share answer with partner.

2. If there is a discrepancy in your answers, reference back to where you found the answer and try to reach an agreement.

1. Discuss and share answer with partner.

2. If there is a discrepancy in your answers, reference back to where you found the answer and try to reach an agreement.

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Haiti Article Part IIIHaiti Article Part III

• When called on to answer a question, first share where you found the answer and then share what you determined the answer to be.

• When called on to answer a question, first share where you found the answer and then share what you determined the answer to be.

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• Landslides: How do they occur?– Lack of vegetation and

increased saturation loosens the soil, resulting in a mass movement downhill

http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/raging-planet-earthquake-landslide.html

• Landslides: How do they occur?– Lack of vegetation and

increased saturation loosens the soil, resulting in a mass movement downhill

http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/raging-planet-earthquake-landslide.html