Warm Up

• All continents used to be contiguous at one point.

• What does contiguous mean?• WHAT WAS THIS LAND MASS CALLED?

PANGEA!!!

Pangea

• Single landmass (Super continent) that existed approximately 300 million years ago.

• How did this supercontinent break apart?• https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=TzzGPfVx32M

Plate Tectonics

Today

• Earth’s Forces• Ring of Fire Movie

Warm-Ups• When Hurricane Irene hit

the east coast of the US and did millions of dollars worth of damage.

• If you were the mayor of a city, which could be affected by a hurricane, how would you protect the city and its citizens?– Write at least 5 sentences

How many different layers make up the Earth’s structure?

What are they?• Inner Core • Outer Core• Mantle• Crust

What is the Earth’s Core?• Solid metallic Inner Core• Liquid metallic Outer Core• Both made of iron and

nickel

What is the Mantle?• Surrounds the core• Soft layer of molten

(melted) rock called magma!!!

What is the Crust?• Thin layer of rock at

the earth’s surface

What is the Atmosphere?• Layer of gas

surrounding the earth

What is the Lithosphere?• Solid rock portion of

the Earth’s surface

What is the Hydrosphere?• All the water elements

of the Earth1. Oceans2. Seas3. Rivers4. Lakes

What is the Biosphere?

• Where plants and animals live

• Includes: Atmosphere, Lithosphere, & Hydrosphere

What is Plate Tectonics?

• Movement of large plates (crust) above magma in the mantle

• What proof is there?• Fossils, plants and animals

along coastlines of separated continents

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE

What is the theory of Continental Drift?

• 1912 theory by Alfred Wegener

• Earth once had a supercontinent (all connected)

• Called “Pangea”

Plate Boundaries Plates collide, separate, and shift along these boundaries

What type of movements are there?

1. Divergent

2. Convergent: Subduction

3. Convergent: Collision

4. Transform

Review: Plate Tectonics• Plate Movement – Spreading – usually ocean floor– Sub-duction – form Volcanoes– Collision – form mountains– Sliding/Shearing – cause earthquakes

• Boundaries – where plates meet– Divergent- moving apart – Convergent - collide– Transform – slide past each other

Activity

• Complete the Continental Drift WS.• Grade based on completion.• PUT IN BINDERS!

Seismograph

Measures the size of waves created by the earthquake

How are Earthquakes measured?

Volcanoes

• What is the Ring of Fire?

• Most volcanoes located around the rim of the Pacific Ocean

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVOOo_BjhXA

• 24.25

What force might have caused this?

What force might have caused this?

What is Weathering?Types of Weathering are…• Mechanical – When rocks and

other minerals are broken into smaller pieces.

• Chemical – When minerals are changed completely when they mix with water and air. Like metal changing to rust.

Video Clip

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJfj-v5p5Ao

Plant roots work their way into rock crevices called joints. As the plants grow, roots create pressure on the sides of the crack making it bigger until the rock breaks apart.

Plant Roots

Rocks are also broken up by friction and repeated impact with other rock fragments during transportation.

Ex: River Rocks.

Friction and Repeated Impact

Oxygen• Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in

a process called oxidation• The product of oxidation is rust

Acid Rain

• Compounds from burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with rain water forming acids.• Acid rain causes very

rapid chemical weathering

What is Wind Erosion?

– Loess is wind-blown silt, sand, and clay.

– Can form sand dunes 100’s of feet deep!

What is Water Erosion?• Precipitation • Mudslides • Avalanche

What is Glacial Erosion?• Glaciation – changes in a landform

made from a slowly moving sheet of ice (glacier)

• Moraines – rocks left behind after a glacier moves

• Creates new valleys, hills, or ridges

What is soil, how is it made?• Through the process of

weathering and erosion of rocks

• Humus – quality of soil1. Texture of the soil2. Amount of organic

material in the soil

Activity

• Complete the Note Guide.

• SAVE THIS BECAUSE THIS WILL SERVE AS A REVIEW SHEET FOR YOUR TEST.

• Put in binder.