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Warm UpHow are rocks broken down?How are rocks formed?List the 3 types of rocks produced by the rock cycle.GeosphereJust like the spherical layers in an onion, the Earth has multiple layers that serve different purposes.Layers by Composition The crust is less than 1% of Earth by mass. The two types are oceanic crust and continental crust. The mantle is hot, ultramafic (filled with magnesium and iron) rock. It represents about 68% of Earth's mass. The core is mostly iron metal. The core makes up about 31% of the Earth. Layers by Mechanical PropertiesThe lithosphere is composed of both the crust and the portion of the upper mantle and behaves as a brittle, rigid solid. The asthenosphere is partially molten upper mantle material and Lesson 2:The Rock CycleHow rocks are created and destroyedthen created again.

Key TermsIgneousSedimentaryMetamorphicLavaMagmaFoliationDeposition

Major Rock GroupsIgneousFormed when rocks melt into magma or lava and then coolIntrusive: (plutonic) slow cooling and crystallization; when magma within the lithosphereExtrusive: (volcanic) quick cooling at the surface; when lava cools on the surface of the lithosphere5Fig. 2.9

MAGMA

Obsidian is a dark-colored volcanic glass that forms from the very rapid cooling of molten rock material. It cools so rapidly that crystals do not form. 9Major Rock GroupsSedimentaryFormed at the Earths surface when other rocks are weathered, eroded, deposited, Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays)Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates)

About Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic is Greek for

change in form

http://www.yourdictionary.com/images/main.metamorphosis.jpg1011Major Rock GroupsMetamorphicChanged by pressure, temperature and fluids.When rocks bend or partially melt due to strong forces in the lithosphereDo not melt

Classification of Metamorphic RocksFoliatedwavy layers and bands that are caused by minerals with flat crystals that form long axes perpendicular to the pressure

Gneiss Schist Slate 1213MAGMACrystallizationIGNEOUS

14MAGMAIGNEOUSPlutonic

Crystallization15MAGMAVolcanicIGNEOUSPlutonicUpliftCrystallizationWeathering

16MAGMAVolcanicIGNEOUSPlutonicSEDIMENTUpliftCrystallizationWeathering

SEDIMENT17MAGMAVolcanicIGNEOUSPlutonicSEDIMENTSEDIMENTARYUpliftCrystallizationWeatheringErosionTransportDeposition

18MAGMAVolcanicIGNEOUSPlutonicSEDIMENTSEDIMENTARYUpliftCrystallizationWeatheringErosionTransportDeposition

19MAGMAVolcanicIGNEOUSPlutonicSEDIMENTSEDIMENTARYMETAMORPHICUpliftBurialIncreased P&TCrystallizationWeatheringErosionTransportDeposition

20MAGMAVolcanicIGNEOUSPlutonicSEDIMENTSEDIMENTARYMETAMORPHICUpliftBurialIncreased P&TMeltingCrystallizationWeatheringErosionTransportDepositionCan you seeany shortcuts?21MAGMAVolcanicIGNEOUSPlutonicSEDIMENTSEDIMENTARYMETAMORPHICUpliftBurialIncreased P&TMeltingCrystallizationWeatheringErosionTransportDeposition

The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groupsIt is powered by the interior heat of the Earth As well as earths momentum andThe energy from the sunIt involves processes on the Earths surface as well as the Earths interiorIt connects the hydrologic cycle with the tectonic cycle.In Conclusion

24MAGMAVolcanicIGNEOUSPlutonicSEDIMENTSEDIMENTARYMETAMORPHICUpliftBurialIncreased P&TMeltingCrystallizationWeatheringErosionTransportDepositionThe Rock CycleHow are igneous rocks formed?By melting, cooling, and crystallization What happens to igneous rocks that undergo weathering and erosion?They become sedimentsHow do sediments become sedimentary rocks?By deposition, burial, compaction, and cementation25The Rock Cycle (continued)What forces cause sedimentary rocks to be transformed into metamorphic rocks?Heat and pressure without melting! How can metamorphic rock be transformed into igneous rock?By melting, cooling and crystallization of magmaHow can sandstone be transformed into sediment?By erosion

26The Rock Cycle A Diagram

http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.htmlhttp://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html27