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Warm Up
1.What are three modern forms of slavery?
2.Can you argue that the history of Africa is a history of exploitation? If so, explain.
African’s Government,
Economy, & the issue of Genocide
African’s Government
North Africa
Along with the region of Central Asia and
Southwest Asia, North Africa has a long history of intense conflicts.
Prehistoric Peoples: Hunters and gatherers settled throughout North Africa by the end of the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago.
Prehistoric Peoples: By the 6000 B.C., farming communities had arisen in areas along the Nile River.
Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA
Egyptians
Flourished along the Nile River Annual floods from the Nile deposited rich soil on
the flood plain During dry seasons, Ancient Egyptians used
sophisticated irrigation system to water crops—this allowed them to grow two crops each year.
Other Advancements: Egyptians developed a 365-day year Built impressive pyramids (these were tombs for their
rulers) Invented a form of picture writing called
HIEROGLYPHICS
Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA
African’s Government
North Africa
Modern Era As centuries passed, Muslim Empires rose and fell…
this led to challenges in the region. BECAUSE THERE IS NO STABILITY NOW……
Physical hindrances Empires in N. Africa lacked resources like minerals,
wood, and coal to fuel an industrial revolution like that of Western Europe
.SO BECAUSE EUROPE IS STONG AND AFRICA IS WEAK…. Imperialism
By the late 1800s, western European powers controlled large areas of North Africa.
Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA
Modern Era: Independence During the 1800s, a type of well-educated urban
middle class in North Africa started to adopt European ideas about nationalism.
NATIONALISM: A belief in the right of an ethnic group to have its own independent country.
Nationalism continued to rise after WWI & WWII, which gradually ended direct European colonial rule. By the 1960s, most territories in these regions had achieved political freedom.
Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA
Modern Era: Today’s Governments Countries of N.Africa have various forms of government
today.
Examples of Variety Morocco has a monarchy Egypt has a president—but also nationalistic &
terroristic groups can influence presidential ties Libya has a military-based dictatorship. Countries like Algeria & Egypt have had politically
Islamic groups who have had successful movements to control the government and influence laws. THEOCRACY
Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA
BUT
There is also TONS of ethnic conflict between various N. African states.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrva2aKW1lU
Problems within the economy Food Production: It is extremely difficult to produce
food for such a rapidly growing population.
Unless they have oil profits as a country to buy food, then they must grow their own food—but since they are subsistence farmers they do not yield many crops.
Agriculture: Only a small part of the land is actually ARABLE, this means it is suitable for farming
Important crops: Citrus Fruits, Cereal Crops, Grapes, Olives, and Dates
Economy: Region of NORTH AFRICA
Other factors within the economy Fishing: Location allows fishing to serve as an important food
source in the region. Morrocan fishing boats bring in sardines and mackerel.. Industrial Growth Petroleum and Oil
These are the main export commodities (economic goods). Region holds 67% of the world’s oil supply. Also holds 33% of the world’s natural gas reserves
Service Industry: Tourism also benefits some of the regions economies. North Africa is an important destination because if its historical significance—monuments, religious sites, etc.
Economy: Region of NORTH AFRICA
African’s Government
Africa South of the Sahara
AFRICAN ROOTS
Tens of thousands of years ago, people were migrating from place to place across Africa to hunt and gather food. There are no written records of these people, they were PREHISTORIC (before written history), however, they did leave behind early paintings in caves and on rocks to tell us their stories.
Around 2,000 BC, migrants started to flee from a giant climate change in North Africa. Now the hunters and gatherers became farmers and DOMESTICATED (tame) animals.
Government: Region of ASOTS
EUROPEAN COLONIZATION
Word of Africa’s wealth and massive kingdoms reached Europe
Europeans began trading with Africans as early as the 1200s, bringing gold and other African goods to Europe.
By the 1600s and 1700s, Europeans were heavily trading with Africans. They sought gold, ivory, textiles, and enslaved
workers.
In the 1800s, European businessmen disrupted village life by replacing local subsistence farming with huge plantation economies.
Government: Region of ASOTS
FROM COLONIES TO COUNTRIES
Although European rule dealt serious blows to African life, many Africans benefited from new educational opportunities and city development.
By the mid-1900s, Africans had launched independence movements, and eventually in the second half of the 1900s, the colonies became independent countries.
During the early 1900s, South Africa became independent of British rule. However, until the early 1990s they had APARTHEID (separation of the races) and the country’s white minority population ran the government.
Government: Region of ASOTS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2f2k6iDFCL4
Brief Video
Agriculture Farming is the main economic activity. More than 2/3 of the
working population is involved in some form of agriculture. Logging/Fishing
Forests cover 25%, and human activities are destroying it at an alarming rate. Economies of islands rely on the exporting of fish products
Mining Resources: important and dangerous activity in the region
Industrialization is terrible: Lack cheap energy, capital ($), and infrastructure (resources such as trained workers, facilities, and equipment) to become completely industrialized. DEVELOPING nation.
Transportation & Communications: These two are essential to industry and trade, however, Africa lacks the advancements in these two categories to really and truly be competitive in the modern era.
Economy: Region of ASOTS
Genocide
the deliberate and systematic destruction, in
whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national
group
Video
http://www.history.com/topics/rwandan-genocide/videos#rwanda-background-to-genocide