Warm Up #15

• Answer in complete sentences

• What was the last “official” crusade to the Holy Land and how did it end?

• Why did European and Muslim rulers expel Jews from their territories?

The Reconquista

How this movement propelled Spain into the New World and beyond

Key Terms

• Al-Andalus• Iberian Peninsula• Moors• Christian Kingdoms• Taifa Kingdoms• Fueros• Ferdinand and Isabella• Spanish Inquisition

Mr. Morrow, Monday was a long time ago, what did we learn again?

• The Crusades and the Mongol invasion was halted by the Mamluks, who were the Islamic culture based in Egypt.

• The Hapsburg family gains control of Central Europe, where they will dominate politics until World War One.

The Reconquista in 5 Slides!

• In 711 the Muslim Moors invaded the Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia.

• In 722 the remnant Christian soldiers regrouped in Asturias and started a campaign to reclaim their lands.

• In 732 Charles Martel defeated the Moors at the battle of Tours, halting their advance into Europe.

• By 1236 half of the Iberian peninsula had been retaken by the Christian kingdoms.

Why?

• At first the Christians were simply fighting to remain independent

• Over time they developed a desire to remove all non-Christians from Iberia

• This coincided and perhaps inspired the Crusader movement in Europe

• The Spanish Inquisition became a particularly cruel expression of the Christian desire to rid the peninsula of “heretics”, which included the Muslims and Jews.

Who?

• The Muslim Moors were initially Berbers from North Africa, but over time many native Iberians converted.

• Eventually the Berbers returned home due to feelings of discrimination from the natives.

• The Muslims formed several independent states called the Taifa Kingdoms

• The Christians were initially Visigoths and Basques.

• Over time they brought in mercenaries, mainly Franks and Normans.

• They began as both independent Kingdoms and vassal duchies of the Frankish Empire.

• They eventually consolidated into Spain and Portugal.

What about the little people?

• The Reconquista caused many converted Muslims to move south, abandoning lands in the North.

• The Christians used this opportunity to populate these abandoned areas with peasants from Europe.

• These peasants were able to leave behind the Feudal System.

• The towns that they settled were known as Fueros and were given charters that established their independence.

How did it all end?

• Over time the Muslims were driven into the Emirate of Grenada in Southeastern Iberia.

• In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella, who were the King and Queen of Aragon and Castille (two of the Christian Kingdoms) defeated the Muslims and drove them from Iberia

• As part of their celebration of victory they sponsored Christopher Columbus’ voyage that would (re)discover the Americas

• The Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas was driven by their 700 plus years of Reconquest.

Reconquista Comic Strip

• Due on Friday 2/1/2013

• Be Original

• You can do a small part of the reconquista, an idea about the reconquista or a broader view of the whole affair.

• Yes, it needs to be outlined.

• Yes, it should be in color and in fact you will receive extra credit if you do.

• No, you cannot do stick figures.