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8/12/2019 Walter Gilliam Presentation
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Demonstrating the Links
between
Research, Practice & Policy
in Early Childhood Mental Health
June 16, 2009NAEYC Office of Applied Research
18thNational Institute for Early Childhood Professional Development
Charlotte, North Carolina
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2
Expulsion from Preschool?
The Expulsion Question
Over past 12 months
Required terminating
participation in program
Behavioral problem
No transition to more
appropriate setting
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PreK Expulsion Results: Nation
10.4% of PreK teachers expelled at least 1 childin past year due to behavior problems
1 child (78%); 2 children (15%);
3 children (6%); 4 children (1%)
PreK Expulsion Rate = 6.7 / 1,000
K-12 Expulsion Rate = 2.1 / 1,000
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Child Care Expulsion Rates
Child Rates
Detroit, MI (Grannan et al., 1999; n=127; 28%)
Rate = 28/1,000
Massachusetts (Gilliam & Shahar, 2006; n=119; 64%)
Rate = 27/1,000 (39% Classes)
Massachusetts (MA DOE, 2003; n=764; ?%)
Rate = 2% expelled; 1% suggested, 1% transferred
Colorado (Hoover, 2006; n=1,075; 17%)
Rate = 10/1,000
Center/Classroom Rates
Chicago, IL (Cutler & Gilkerson, 2002; n=195 I/T; 38%)
Rate = 42% of Centers
Alaska (Alaska CCPO, 2005; n=493; 71%)
Rate = 35% Centers
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Expulsion Rates (per 1,000)
Gilliam, WS & Shahar, G (2006). Preschool and child care expulsion and suspension:
Rates and predictors in one state.Infants and Young Children, 19, 228-245.
Gilliam, WS (2005). Prekindergarteners left behind: Expulsion Rates in state
prekindergarten programs.FCD Policy Brief, Series No. 3. Available: www.fcd-us.org/resources/resources_show.htm?doc_id=464280
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State PreK Expulsion Rates
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Classroom characteristics may
contribute to (or fail to help)
challenging behaviors.
7
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Length of School Day
Predicts Expulsion
9.0%
13.2%
7.1%
Half-Day School-Day Extended-Day
Length of Day
%
Classrooms
Expelling
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High Child-Teacher Ratio
Predicts Expulsion
7.7%
10.5%
12.7%
9.8%
Under 8 8 to 9 10 to 11 12 and Up
Number of Children Per Teacher
%
ClassroomsExpelling
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Group Size & Teacher Stress
Predict Expulsion (Child Care)
46.9% 50.0%
12.0%
45.7%
High Size
Low Stress
Low Size
High Stress
High Size
High Stress
Low Size
Low Stress
Class Size & Teacher Stress
%C
lassroom
sExpelling
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Worksheets, Flashcards &
Rate of Expulsion
16.1%
9.2%
12.4%
9.0%
11.9% 12.6% 12.5%
8.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
AlmostEvery Day
A Few Timesper Week
About1/Week
About1/Month or
Never
Worksheets Flashcards
11
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Dramatic Play Frequency &
Rate of Expulsion
9.4%
12.5%15.4%
25.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
AlmostEvery Day
A Few Timesper Week
About1/Week
About1/Month or
Never
12
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Teacher depression & job stress
also predict expulsion.
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Teacher Job Stress
Predicts Expulsion
4.9%
9.3%
14.3%
Low Stress Average Stress High Stress
%ClassroomsE
xpelling
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Increased interest inearly childhood
mental health consultation
15
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Behavioral Consultation
Predicts Decreased Expulsion
14.3%
10.3%
8.0%
No Access On-Call Access On-Site Access
%C
lassroomsExpelling
Access to Behavioral Support Staff
Gilliam, WS (2005). Prekindergarteners left behind: Expulsion rates in state
prekindergarten programs.FCD Policy Brief, Series No. 3.
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Early Childhood Consultation Partnership
Created in 2002 Combination of State
(DCF/SDE) and Private (CHDI) Funds
Admin -Advanced Behavioral Health
Available to Child Care and ECE
Programs Serving 0- to 5-Year Olds
Services Requested by Child Care
Directors (Teachers & Parents)
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ECCP Results
50
55
60
65
70
75
Pretest Posttest
Conners Oppositional
ECCP Control
50
55
60
65
70
75
Pretest Posttest
Conners Hyperactivity
ECCP Control
(F= 10.68**; d= 0.57) (F= 10.62**; d= 0.51)
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O i i li
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Oppositionality
% Significantly Impaired
21
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Work Supported by:
Child Health and Development Institute ofConnecticut (CHDI)
Connecticut Department of Children & Families
Connecticut Department of Education
Foundation for Child Development
Pew Charitable Trusts
National Institute for Early Education Research
A.L. Mailman Family Foundation
Schott Foundation for Public Education
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For copies of complete reports and
policy briefs
Please visit: ziglercenter.yale.edu
23
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Walter S. Gilliam, PhD
Director,
The Edward Zigler Center in Child Development and Social PolicyChild Study Center
Yale University School of Medicine
230 South Frontage Road
PO Box 207900
New Haven, CT 06520-7900
Phone: 203-785-3384
Email: [email protected]
ziglercenter.yale.edu