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Alabama Department of Labor Labor Market Information Division Walker County Profile

Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

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Page 1: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Alabama Department of Labor

Labor Market Information Division

Walker County Profile

Page 2: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

DemographicsAmerican Community Survey Average Population Estimates for 2014-2018

Age Estimate

Under 5 years 3,986

5 to 14 years 7,839

15 to 19 years 4,003

20 to 24 years 3,691

25 to 34 years 7,589

35 to 44 years 7,611

45 to 54 years 8,705

55 to 64 years 9,045

65 and older 12,024

Total Population64,493

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-2018 5-Year American Community Survey Table DP05: Demographic and Housing Estimates

Walker County

65 & Older19%

55 to 64 14%

45 to 54 13%5 to 14

12%

35 to 44 12%

25 to 34 12%

15 to 196%

Under 5 6%

20 to 24 6%

Population By Age Group:

Page 3: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

School Enrollment Estimate

Population 3 years and over enrolled in school 13,620

Nursery school, preschool 671

Kindergarten 906

Elementary school (grades 1-8) 6,183

High school (grades 9-12) 3,212

College or graduate school 2,648

DemographicsAmerican Community Survey Average Population Estimates for 2014-2018

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-2018 5-Year American Community Survey Table DP02: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States

Walker County

Educational Attainment Estimate

Population 25 years and over 44,974

Less than 9th grade 3,232

9th to 12th grade, no diploma 5,374

High school graduate (includes equivalency) 16,685

Some college, no degree 9,921

Associate’s degree 4,558

Bachelor’s degree 3,224

Graduate or professional degree 1,980

Page 4: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Unemployment DataAugust 2019 Unemployment & Underemployment Data

CountyCivilian

Labor ForceEmployment Unemployment

Unemployment Rate

Under-Employment

Available Labor Pool

Blount 25,758 25,119 639 2.5% 5,677 6,316

Chilton 20,037 19,533 504 2.5% 3,672 4,176

Jefferson 322,774 313,977 8,797 2.7% 71,587 80,384

St. Clair 40,830 39,797 1,033 2.5% 10,148 11,181

Shelby 116,311 113,909 2,402 2.1% 20,390 22,792

Walker 25,841 25,029 812 3.1% 4,906 5,718

Unemployment + Underemployment = Potential Available Labor Pool

Source: LAUS data, County Unemployment Rates August 2019 Unemployment Data for Labor Force, Employment, Unemployment, and Unemployment Rate Data. Underemployment in Alabama WIA Areas 2018, Published August 2019, CBER @ UA, Underemployment and Available Labor Pool Data.

Walker County

Page 5: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Unemployment DataUnemployed by Occupation 2019, Quarter 4

OccupationNumber

UnemployedOccupation

NumberUnemployed

Helpers--Production Workers 26 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 6

Boilermakers 25 Roof Bolters, Mining 6

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 15 Sales Managers 6

Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

13 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 6

Cashiers 12Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

6

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 12 Construction Laborers 5

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 11 Registered Nurses 5

Retail Salespersons 10 Customer Service Representatives 5

Carpenters 9 Security Guards 4

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 9 Team Assemblers 4

Continuous Mining Machine Operators 8 Helpers--Electricians 4

Office Clerks, General 8 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 3

Electricians 8 Receptionists and Information Clerks 3

Loading Machine Operators, Underground Mining

7 Pharmacy Technicians 3

Structural Iron and Steel Workers 6 Food Service Managers 3

Source: Unemployment Insurance Reports

Walker County

Page 6: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Resumes Posted on Alabama JoblinkTop Occupations with Most Resumes Posted 2019, Quarter 4

Occupation# of

ResumesOccupation

# of Resumes

Helpers--Production Workers 471 Medical Assistants 21Team Assemblers 153 Continuous Mining Machine Operators 20

Customer Service Representatives 105Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

20

Cashiers 90 Receptionists and Information Clerks 19Office Clerks, General 84 Electricians 18

Construction Laborers 67Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

18

Retail Salespersons 64 Personal Care Aides 17Nursing Assistants 55 Security Guards 15Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive

47Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers

15

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 44 Waiters and Waitresses 15Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

43 Food Service Managers 14

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

40 Registered Nurses 14

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food

28 Food Preparation Workers 13

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 28 Roof Bolters, Mining 13Home Health Aides 24 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 12

Source: Alabama JobLink

Walker County

Page 7: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Help Wanted OnLine® Annual Job Postings2018 Top Occupations with Most Ads Posted

Occupation # of Ads Occupation # of Ads

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 177Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

15

Registered Nurses 79 Automotive Service Techs and Mechanics 15

Retail Salespersons 34 Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 13

Physical Therapists 31 Speech-Language Pathologists 12

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

30 Nursing Assistants 12

Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

30 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 12

Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12

Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers

21Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

11

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers

21Sales Reps, Wholesale & Manufacturing, Except Technical & Scientific Products

11

Cashiers 17 Security Guards 11

Insurance Sales Agents 17Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents

11

Customer Service Representatives 17 Physical Therapist Assistants 11

Construction Laborers 17 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 11

Cooks, Restaurant 16 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 11

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 16 Office Clerks, General 11

Source: CEB TalentNeuron-Wanted Analytics

Walker County

Page 8: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Expected Worker Shortfall2016-2026 2016-2030

Total Population Growth -1.5 -1.9

Age 20-64 Population Growth -7.2 -9.3

Nonagricultural Job Growth 4.6 4.0

Worker Shortfall 11.8 13.2

Worker Shortfall 2,803 3,135

Source: Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER), University of Alabama

Walker County

Page 9: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

2017 Workforce Characteristics

Jobs by Worker Educational Attainment Count Share

Less than high school 1,423 8.7%

High school or equivalent, no college 3,931 24.1%

Some college or Associate degree 4,126 25.2%

Bachelor's degree or advanced degree 2,642 16.2%

Educational attainment not available (workers aged 29 or younger)

4,223 25.8%

Jobs by Worker Age Count Share

Age 29 or younger 4,223 25.8%

Age 30 to 54 8,413 51.5%

Age 55 or older 3,709 22.7%

Jobs by Worker Sex Count Share

Male 7,577 46.4%

Female 8,768 53.6%

Jobs by Earnings Count Share

$1,250 per month or less 3,782 23.1%

$1,251 to $3,333 per month 7,203 44.1%

More than $3,333 per month 5,360 32.8%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics in Partnership with the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Page 10: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Occupational Wages

Walker County Average Hourly WageAll Occupations

Entry Median Mean Experienced

$9.68 $15.01 $19.08 $23.78

Walker County Average Hourly WageManufacturing

Entry Median Mean Experienced

$10.63 $12.67 $15.87 $18.50

Source: Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is based on the 2019 release of the Occupational Employment Statistics report, employment and wage estimate file. Wage data has been aged using the latest quarterly Employment Cost Index (ECI) factors. 'NA' indicates data not available for publication.

Walker County

Page 11: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Occupational WagesAnnual Salary Area Comparison

Entry Median Mean Experienced

Alabama

Total $20,489 $34,756 $45,108 $57,418

Manufacturing $24,677 $37,882 $46,086 $56,789

Walker County

Total $20,137 $31,228 $39,688 $49,463

Manufacturing $22,114 $26,362 $33,025 $38,480

Jefferson County

Total $22,364 $39,416 $50,292 $64,256

Manufacturing $28,134 $40,754 $48,754 $59,063

Tuscaloosa County

Total $20,421 $34,848 $43,356 $54,823

Manufacturing $27,887 $47,409 $50,555 $61,890

Source: Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is based on the 2019 release of the Occupational Employment Statistics report, employment and wage estimate file. Wage data has been aged using the latest quarterly Employment Cost Index (ECI) factors. 'NA' indicates data not available for publication.

Walker County

Page 12: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Health Care & Social Assistance

20.7%

Retail Trade17.7%

Manufacturing13.1%

Accommodation & Food Services

10.4%

Educational Services

9.5%

Public Admin5.4%

Construction3.0%

Other Services2.7%

Finance & Insurance

2.7%

Remaining Industries with less than

2.7% Share of Total Employment

Walker County: Industry Distribution2018

Source: Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics program which is a partnership between the Census Bureau and the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Page 13: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Industry Total Employment Trend

16,600

16,800

17,000

17,200

17,400

17,600

17,800

18,000

18,200

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics program which is a partnership between the Census Bureau and the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division. .

Walker County

Page 14: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Industry Sector Employment Trends

1,506Accommodation & Food Services

1,8431,900

Educational Services

1,683

3,521

Health Care & Social Assistance3,647

1,712

Manufacturing2,317

3,228 Retail Trade

3,117

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics program which is a partnership between the Census Bureau and the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Page 15: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Industry Sector Employment Trends

383

Admin & Support & Waste Mgmt and Remediation Services

219

431

Construction

536

443

Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services

436

365

Wholesale Trade332

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics program which is a partnership between the Census Bureau and the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Page 16: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Average Monthly EarningsTrend

$2,720 $2,733 $2,784$2,866 $2,912 $2,911 $2,963 $3,005

$3,065$3,183

$1,741 $1,706 $1,777 $1,800 $1,822

$1,727 $1,810 $1,807 $1,865

$1,953

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Average Earnings New Hire Earnings

Source: Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics program which is a partnership between the Census Bureau and the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Page 17: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

2017 Commuting PatternsIn-Area Labor Force Efficiency

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics in Partnership with the Alabama Department of

Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

24,055 Workers Living in the County

Living andEmployed in the Selection Area

37%Living in the

Selection Area but Employed

Outside 63%

Page 18: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

2017 Commuting PatternsWhere People Live who Work in This County

Count Share

Walker County, AL 8,345 53.8%

Jefferson County, AL 1,750 10.7%

Winston County, AL 664 4.1%

Cullman County, AL 500 3.1%

Shelby County, AL 385 2.4%

Tuscaloosa County, AL 344 2.1%

Fayette County, AL 324 2.0%

Marion County, AL 307 1.9%

Blount County, AL 376 1.7%

St. Clair County, AL 229 1.4%

All Other Locations 2,768 16.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics in Partnership with the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Page 19: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Distance Workers Living inWalker County Travel to Work

Count Share

Total Primary Jobs 24,055 100.0%

Less than 10 miles 6,065 25.2%

10 to 24 miles 4,975 20.7%

25 to 50 miles 7,739 32.2%

Greater than 50 miles 5,276 21.9%

2017 Commuting PatternsOut Commute

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics in Partnership with the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Page 20: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

2017 Commuting PatternsOutflow Job Characteristics

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics in Partnership with the Alabama Department of

Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Outflow Job Characteristics Count Share

External Jobs Filled by Residents 15,257 100.0%

Workers Aged 29 or younger 4,204 27.6%

Workers Aged 30 to 54 8,011 52.5%

Workers Aged 55 or older 3,042 19.9%

Workers Earning $1,250 per month or

less2,937 19.3%

Workers Earning $1,251 to $3,333

per month5,505 36.1%

Workers Earning More than $3,333

per month6,815 44.7%

Workers in the "Goods Producing"

Industry Class3,495 22.9%

Workers in the "Trade,

Transportation, and Utilities" Industry

Class

4,364 28.6%

Workers in the "All Other Services"

Industry Class7,398 48.5%

15,257

7,5478,798

Page 21: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

2017 Commuting PatternsWhere People Work who Live in This County

Count Share

Walker County, AL 8,798 36.6%

Jefferson County, AL 6,949 28.9%

Shelby County, AL 961 4.0%

Madison County, AL 749 3.1%

Tuscaloosa County, AL 674 2.8%

Cullman County, AL 654 2.7%

Winston County, AL 608 2.5%

Montgomery County, AL 348 1.4%

Morgan County, AL 340 1.4%

Calhoun County, AL 307 1.3%

All Other Locations 3,667 15.2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics in Partnership with the Alabama Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Walker County

Page 22: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

2017 Commuting PatternsNet Commuting Trends, All Industries and Goods Producing Industries

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics in Partnership with the Alabama Department of

Labor, Labor Market Information Division.

Goods Producing includes the following industries: Manufacturing, Construction, Mining, and Agriculture covered by

Unemployment Insurance

Net

In C

om

mu

teN

et O

ut

Co

mm

ute

Walker County

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

-3,940 -3,578 -3,641 -3,642-3,141 -3,284 -3,013 -2,945

-2,543-2,023 -2,057 -1,775 -1,897 -2,188 -2,298 -2,451

-8,790 -8,100 -8,225-7,426

-6,109

-8,002-7,604

-8,293 -8,125

-5,802 -5,611-4,964

-6,568-6,970

-7,387 -7,710

GOODS PRODUCING ALL INDUSTRIES

Page 23: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Postsecondary Education2017-2018 HS Graduates Enrolled in Alabama Public Colleges

High SchoolHS

Grads

Enrolled in AL Public Colleges

Enrolled in Remedial Course(s)Enrollment

Status

Math Only

English Only

Both TotalFull

Time

Part Time/ Other

Carbon Hill High School 79 36 5 5 1 11 27 9

Cordova High School 99 41 8 0 3 11 33 8

Curry High School 129 53 14 1 3 18 45 8

Dora High School 115 41 14 0 0 14 37 4

Jasper High School 180 101 10 5 9 24 94 7

Oakman High School 100 38 14 0 3 17 35 3

Source: Alabama Commission on Higher Education; 2018 High School Report.

Walker County

Page 24: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Postsecondary EducationFall 2018 Undergraduate Enrollment of Students Attending Alabama Public Two-Year and Four-Year Institutions

Walker County # Undergrads# First-Time Freshman

Major Grand Total 1,883 292

Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies 246 15

Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse 169 14

Computer and Information Sciences, General 47 10

Electrician 39 2

Accounting 36 1

Elementary Education and Teaching 36 2

Biology/Biological Sciences, General 31 4

Welding Technology/Welder 28 7

Business Administration and Management, General 26 2

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic)

23 3

Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies, General 20 5

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, General 18 4

Tool and Die Technology/Technician 17 7

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching 16 1

Salon/Beauty Salon Management/Manager 16 4

Source: Alabama Commission on Higher Education: Workforce Development, Potential Workforce by County.

Walker County

Page 25: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Postsecondary EducationSummer 2017 thru Spring 2018 Completions of Students from Alabama Public Two-Year and Four-Year Institutions

Major Less

th

an

1 y

ear

Less

th

an

2 y

ears

Ass

oci

ate

Less

th

an4

yea

rs

Bac

hel

or

Po

st-B

ach

elo

r

Mas

ter

Po

st-M

aste

r

Do

cto

ral

Wal

ker

Tota

l

* St

ate

Tota

ls

Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse 55 29 10 94 3,742

Welding Technology/Welder 37 3 40 1,218

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training 28 28 1,082

Computer and Information Sciences, General 11 1 7 19 878

Elementary Education and Teaching 9 5 14 985

Truck & Bus Driver/Commercial Vehicle Operator & Instructor 14 14 286

Accounting 10 1 11 971

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician 10 1 11 755

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, General 3 7 10 278

Electrician 2 8 10 213

Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies 10 10 826

Secondary Education and Teaching 3 6 1 10 460

Business Administration and Management, General 6 3 9 1,748

Manufacturing Engineering Technology/Technician 8 8 450

Marketing/Marketing Management, General 8 8 525

Source: Alabama Commission on Higher Education: Workforce Development, Potential Workforce by County.

Walker County

Page 26: Walker County Profile - Alabama · Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 25 Medical and Health Services Managers 12 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 21 Laborers and Freight,

Alabama Department of Labor

Labor Market Information Division

[email protected]

Phone (334) 956-7465

These workforce products were funded by a grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. These products were created by the recipient and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The U.S. Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. These products are copyrighted by the institution that created them. Internal use by an organization and/or personal use by an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible. All other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner.

Walker County