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Who is Gregor Mendel?
• Raised in a poor farming family; joined the monastery to get an education
• Became the gardener of the monastery
• Noticed differences between plants; particularly pea plants
• Father of Genetics
Anatomy of a Flower
Petal
Ovary: Eggs
Anther: Pollen
Pistil = Female
Stamen = Male
Plant Fertilization
Mendel’s Experiment: P generation
Parent Generation
Mendel selected one pea trait to examine at
a time:
Flower color
What do you think Mendel found?
What would be the result of
crossing a purple flower with a white flower?
First GenerationF1 generation: First generation (offspring of P gen)
Mendel found that the resulting plants ALL had purple flowers
Mendel decided to let the F1 generation to self-pollinate (fertilize own eggs)
2nd Generation
F2 generation: Second generation
(offspring of F1)
Mendel found that the resulting
generation had purple and white
flowers; in a 3 to 1 ratio
Conclusions: What does all of this mean?
2. These “factors” are
passed from one generation to the
next
Conclusions: What does all of this mean?3. “Factors” may be passed along, but may not
show up in offspring
Where is green?
Wake-up
1. Who is the father of genetics?
2. Explain the difference between the P generation and the F1 generation.
3. How does the F2 generation fit in?
34 years later … Mendel explained:1. The “factor” is a gene; part of DNA that codes for a
trait; Flower color is a gene
34 years later … Mendel explained:
2. An allele is two different forms of a gene; Purple and White flowers
34 years later … Mendel explained:
3. On average, there are two alleles for each trait; one from mom and one from dad
Dominant and Recessive Allelesrecessive allele: Only expressed if paired with
another recessive; Lowercase letter
What is genotype?Combination of alleles; allele letters that code
for a trait; GENETIC makeup of gene
Example
B = Big nose and b = small nose
What would be the phenotype
for the following:a. BBb. Bbc. bb
Example
B = Big nose and b = small nose
What would be the genotype for
the following:a. BBb. Bbc. bb