Business & Labor LawBusiness & Labor Law

World Anti Doping AgencyWorld Anti Doping Agency

Submitted to :Submitted to : Mr. Sami MajeedMr. Sami Majeed

Submitted by : Submitted by :

ContentsContentsIntroductionIntroduction

HistoryHistory

LogoLogo

DopingDoping

DrugsDrugs

ADAMSADAMS

WADA Anti Doping CodeWADA Anti Doping Code

Highlights of WADA CodeHighlights of WADA Code

Famous Cases of WADAFamous Cases of WADA

WADAWADAThe The

World Anti-Doping AgencyWorld Anti-Doping Agency promotes, coordinates and promotes, coordinates and monitors the fight against monitors the fight against

doping in sport in all its formdoping in sport in all its form

IntroductionIntroductionIt is an independent foundation created through a collective It is an independent foundation created through a collective initiative led by the initiative led by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). (IOC).

It was set up on November 10, 1999 in It was set up on November 10, 1999 in Lausanne, Switzerland to to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against drugs in sport..

Its current chairman is former Australian finance minister Its current chairman is former Australian finance minister John Fahey since 2008. since 2008.

WADA is a Swiss private law Foundation. Its seat is in Lausanne, WADA is a Swiss private law Foundation. Its seat is in Lausanne, Switzerland, and its headquarters are in Montreal, Canada.Switzerland, and its headquarters are in Montreal, Canada.

WADA is composed of a Foundation Board, an Executive WADA is composed of a Foundation Board, an Executive Committee, and several Committees. Committee, and several Committees.

The 38-member Foundation Board is WADA’s supreme decision-The 38-member Foundation Board is WADA’s supreme decision-making body. It is composed equally of representatives from the making body. It is composed equally of representatives from the Olympic Movement and governments. Olympic Movement and governments.

WADA Foundation Board delegates the actual management WADA Foundation Board delegates the actual management and running of the Agency, including the performance of and running of the Agency, including the performance of activities and the administration of assets, to the Executive activities and the administration of assets, to the Executive Committee, WADA’s ultimate policy-making body. Committee, WADA’s ultimate policy-making body.

The 12-member Executive Committee is also composed The 12-member Executive Committee is also composed equally of representatives from the Olympic Movement and equally of representatives from the Olympic Movement and governments.governments.

The agency's key activities include scientific research, The agency's key activities include scientific research, education, development of anti-doping capacities and education, development of anti-doping capacities and monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code.monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code.

The document harmonizing regulations regarding anti-The document harmonizing regulations regarding anti-doping in all sports and countries. doping in all sports and countries.

It also produces an annual list of prohibited substances and It also produces an annual list of prohibited substances and methods that sports persons are not allowed to take or use.methods that sports persons are not allowed to take or use.

HistoryHistoryThe word doping is probably derived from the Dutch word The word doping is probably derived from the Dutch word dop, the name of an alcoholic beverage made of grape skins dop, the name of an alcoholic beverage made of grape skins used by Zulu warriors in order to enhance their prowess in used by Zulu warriors in order to enhance their prowess in battle.battle.

After the events that shook the world of cycling in the After the events that shook the world of cycling in the summer of 1998, the IOC decided to convene a World summer of 1998, the IOC decided to convene a World Conference on Doping, bringing together all parties involved Conference on Doping, bringing together all parties involved in the fight against doping.in the fight against doping.

Early Years of DopingEarly Years of DopingAncient Greek athletes are known to have used special diets Ancient Greek athletes are known to have used special diets and stimulating potions to fortify themselves. Strychnine, and stimulating potions to fortify themselves. Strychnine, caffeine, cocaine, and alcohol were often used by cyclists and caffeine, cocaine, and alcohol were often used by cyclists and other endurance athletes in the 19th century.other endurance athletes in the 19th century.

By the 1920s it had become evident that restrictions By the 1920s it had become evident that restrictions regarding drug use in sports were necessary.regarding drug use in sports were necessary.

First AttemptsFirst AttemptsIn 1928 the IAAF (athletics) became the first International In 1928 the IAAF (athletics) became the first International Sport Federation (IF) to ban doping (use of stimulating Sport Federation (IF) to ban doping (use of stimulating substances).substances).

Restrictions remained ineffective as no tests were Restrictions remained ineffective as no tests were performed. performed.

Tests Begin to WorkTests Begin to WorkMost IFs introduced drug testing by the 1970s.Most IFs introduced drug testing by the 1970s.

A reliable testing method was finally introduced in 1974 and A reliable testing method was finally introduced in 1974 and the IOC added anabolic steroids to its list of prohibited the IOC added anabolic steroids to its list of prohibited substances in 1976. substances in 1976.

This resulted in a marked increase in the number of doping-This resulted in a marked increase in the number of doping-related disqualifications in the late 1970s.related disqualifications in the late 1970s.

New challengesNew challengesWhile the fight against stimulants and steroids was While the fight against stimulants and steroids was producing results, the main front in the anti-doping war was producing results, the main front in the anti-doping war was rapidly shifting to blood doping. "Blood boosting," rapidly shifting to blood doping. "Blood boosting,"

United effortsUnited effortsFrance had been the first country to enact anti-doping France had been the first country to enact anti-doping legislation. legislation. In the 1980s there was a marked increase in cooperation In the 1980s there was a marked increase in cooperation between international sports authorities and various between international sports authorities and various governmental agencies. governmental agencies.

The IOC took the initiative and convened the Firts World The IOC took the initiative and convened the Firts World Conference on Doping in Sport in Lausanne in February 1999. Conference on Doping in Sport in Lausanne in February 1999. Following the proposal of the Conference, the World Anti-Following the proposal of the Conference, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was established on November 10, Doping Agency (WADA) was established on November 10, 1999. 1999.

LOGO LOGO WADA’s tag line WADA’s tag line “play true” encapsulates WADA’s core values, encapsulates WADA’s core values, and WADA’s logo visually expresses the universal spirit of sport and WADA’s logo visually expresses the universal spirit of sport practiced naturally, within the rules, and free from artificial practiced naturally, within the rules, and free from artificial enhancements.enhancements.

The logo’s “equal sign” expresses equity and fairness and is made The logo’s “equal sign” expresses equity and fairness and is made with a human touch to reflect the particularities of each individual.with a human touch to reflect the particularities of each individual.

The “square” represents the customs and the rules that must be The “square” represents the customs and the rules that must be respected. respected.

The color black evokes neutrality and is the traditional color of the The color black evokes neutrality and is the traditional color of the referee. Green evokes health and nature and is the usual color of referee. Green evokes health and nature and is the usual color of the field of play the field of play

The mark is dynamic, yet simple, as is the nature of sport.The mark is dynamic, yet simple, as is the nature of sport.

DrugsDrugs A chemical substance, such as a narcotic or A chemical substance, such as a narcotic or hallucinogen, that affects the central nervous hallucinogen, that affects the central nervous system, causing changes in behavior and often system, causing changes in behavior and often addiction. addiction.

Any substance that alters the body's actions and Any substance that alters the body's actions and natural chemical environment. In sport, drugs are natural chemical environment. In sport, drugs are often misused to enhance physical or mental often misused to enhance physical or mental performance. Drugs taken to prevent or cure a performance. Drugs taken to prevent or cure a disease or other body disorder are often called disease or other body disorder are often called medicines to distinguish them from addictive medicines to distinguish them from addictive substances, such as narcotic analgesics, taken substances, such as narcotic analgesics, taken illegally for some other purpose.illegally for some other purpose.

Prohibited ListProhibited ListThe Prohibited List is updated annually following an extensive consultation process facilitated by WADA.

The 2009 List is valid until December 31, 2009 and the 2010 List will be valid from January 1, 2010.

The Prohibited List (List) was first published in 1963, WADA is responsible for the preparation and publication of the List.

The List is a cornerstone of the Code and a key component of harmonization.

It is an International Standard identifying substances and methods prohibited in-competition, out-of-competition and in particular sports.

The use of any prohibited substance by an athlete for medical reasons is possible by virtue of a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE).

List of Substance List of Substance The World Anti-Doping Code THE 2009 PROHIBITED LIST INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

S1. ANABOLIC AGENTSS1. ANABOLIC AGENTSS2. HORMONES AND RELATED SUBSTANCESS2. HORMONES AND RELATED SUBSTANCESS3. BETA-2 AGONISTSS3. BETA-2 AGONISTSS4. HORMONE ANTAGONISTS AND MODULATORSS4. HORMONE ANTAGONISTS AND MODULATORSS5. DIURETICS AND OTHER MASKING AGENTSS5. DIURETICS AND OTHER MASKING AGENTS

PROHIBITED METHODSPROHIBITED METHODS

M1. ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN TRANSFERM1. ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN TRANSFERM2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATIONM2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATIONM3. GENE DOPINGM3. GENE DOPING

SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION

STIMULANTSSTIMULANTSS7. NARCOTICSS7. NARCOTICSS8. CANNABINOIDSS8. CANNABINOIDSS9. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDSS9. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS

SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTSSUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTSP1. ALCOHOLP1. ALCOHOLP2. BETA-BLOCKERSP2. BETA-BLOCKERS

Drugs and Deaths.Drugs and Deaths.

In 1886,ARTHUR LINTON, a cyclist, dies of drug In 1886,ARTHUR LINTON, a cyclist, dies of drug abuse. This is the first recorded death ever.abuse. This is the first recorded death ever.

In 1904, marathon runner THOMAS HICKS almost In 1904, marathon runner THOMAS HICKS almost dies at OLYMPICS.dies at OLYMPICS.

In 1960, at the ROME OLYMPICS, Danish cyclist In 1960, at the ROME OLYMPICS, Danish cyclist KNUT JENSEN collapses, fractures his skull and KNUT JENSEN collapses, fractures his skull and dies.dies.

Doping““The use of a drug or blood product to improve athletic The use of a drug or blood product to improve athletic performance”.performance”.

A term derived from the African Kaffirs who used a local brew A term derived from the African Kaffirs who used a local brew called ‘dop’ as a stimulant. The International Olympic called ‘dop’ as a stimulant. The International Olympic Committee's Lausanne Declaration on Doping in Sport (1999) Committee's Lausanne Declaration on Doping in Sport (1999) states that ‘… doping is defined as the use of an artifice, states that ‘… doping is defined as the use of an artifice, whether substance or method, potentially dangerous to whether substance or method, potentially dangerous to athletes’ health and/or capable of enhancing their athletes’ health and/or capable of enhancing their performance’. The World Anti-Doping Agency has compiled a performance’. The World Anti-Doping Agency has compiled a list of prohibited substances.list of prohibited substances.In sports, In sports, dopingdoping refers to the use of performance- refers to the use of performance-enhancing drugs, particularly those that are forbidden by the enhancing drugs, particularly those that are forbidden by the organizations that regulate competitions.organizations that regulate competitions.

ADAMS

Anti Doping Administration and Anti Doping Administration and Management SystemManagement System

WORLD ANTI DOPING CODEWORLD ANTI DOPING CODE

The world Anti Doping Code was first The world Anti Doping Code was first adopted in 2003 and become effective in adopted in 2003 and become effective in 2004. The enclosed incorporates revisions 2004. The enclosed incorporates revisions to the World Anti Doping Code that were to the World Anti Doping Code that were approved by the World Anti Doping Agency approved by the World Anti Doping Agency Foundation Board on November 17 2007. Foundation Board on November 17 2007. The revised World Anti Doping Code is The revised World Anti Doping Code is effective as of January 1, 2009.effective as of January 1, 2009.

Main Elements are :

CodeCode Is the fundamental and universal document upon Is the fundamental and universal document upon which the World Anti Doping Program in sport is based.which the World Anti Doping Program in sport is based.

International StandardsInternational Standards For different technical and For different technical and operational areas within the anti doping program will be operational areas within the anti doping program will be developed in consultation with the Signatories and developed in consultation with the Signatories and Governments and approved by WADA, which may be revised Governments and approved by WADA, which may be revised form time to time by the WADA executive committee after form time to time by the WADA executive committee after reasonable consultation with the Signatories and reasonable consultation with the Signatories and Governments.Governments.

Models of Best Practice and GuidelinesModels of Best Practice and Guidelines Will be Will be recommended by WADA and made available to Signatories recommended by WADA and made available to Signatories upon request but will not be mandatory.upon request but will not be mandatory.

The spirit of sport is the celebration of the The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind and is human spirit, body and mind and is characterized by the following values:characterized by the following values:

Ethics, fair play and honesty.Ethics, fair play and honesty.Health.Health.Excellence in performanceExcellence in performanceCharacter and EducationCharacter and EducationFun and JoyFun and JoyTeam workTeam workDedication and commitmentDedication and commitmentRespect for rules and lawsRespect for rules and lawsRespect for self and other ParticipantsRespect for self and other ParticipantsCourage Courage Community and solidarityCommunity and solidarity

Article 1 Definition of DopingArticle 1 Definition of DopingOccurrence of one or more of the anti doping rule Occurrence of one or more of the anti doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1 through 2.8 of the violations set forth in Article 2.1 through 2.8 of the code.code.

Article 2 Anti Doping Rule ViolationsArticle 2 Anti Doping Rule ViolationsAthletes or other persons shall be responsible for Athletes or other persons shall be responsible for knowing what constitute an anti doping rule violation knowing what constitute an anti doping rule violation and the substances and methods which have been and the substances and methods which have been included on the prohibited list.included on the prohibited list.

Article 3 Proof of DopingArticle 3 Proof of DopingAnti doping organization has established an anti Anti doping organization has established an anti doping rule violation to the comfortable satisfaction doping rule violation to the comfortable satisfaction of the hearing panel bearing in mind the seriousness of the hearing panel bearing in mind the seriousness of the allegation which is made.of the allegation which is made.

Highlights of WADA CodesHighlights of WADA Codes

Article 4 The Prohibited ListArticle 4 The Prohibited ListWADA shall as often as necessary and no less often than WADA shall as often as necessary and no less often than annually, publish the Prohibited List as an International annually, publish the Prohibited List as an International Standard.Standard.

Article 5 TESTINGArticle 5 TESTING Plan and conduct an effective number of in competition and Plan and conduct an effective number of in competition and

out competition tests on Athletes over whom they have out competition tests on Athletes over whom they have jurisdiction, including but not limited to Athletes in their jurisdiction, including but not limited to Athletes in their respective Registered Testing Pools. Make Target Testing a respective Registered Testing Pools. Make Target Testing a priority.priority.

Article 6 Analysis of SampleArticle 6 Analysis of Sample Sample shall be analyzed only in WADA accredited Sample shall be analyzed only in WADA accredited

Laboratories.Laboratories.

Article 7 Result ManagementArticle 7 Result Management Conducting results management shall establish Conducting results management shall establish

aprocess for the pre-hearing administration of aprocess for the pre-hearing administration of potential anti doping rule violations.potential anti doping rule violations.

Article 8 Right to a Fair Hearing Article 8 Right to a Fair Hearing Fair HearingFair Hearing

a) A timely hearing.a) A timely hearing. b) A fair and impartial hearing panel.b) A fair and impartial hearing panel.

Article 9 Automatic Disqualification of Individual Article 9 Automatic Disqualification of Individual Results Results

An anti doping rule violation in individual Sports An anti doping rule violation in individual Sports

inconnection with an In competition test automatically leads inconnection with an In competition test automatically leads to Disqualification of the result obtained in that competition to Disqualification of the result obtained in that competition with all resulting consequences including forfeiture of any with all resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals points and prizesmedals points and prizes..

Article 10 Sanctions on individualsArticle 10 Sanctions on individuals First violation two years ineligibility. No Athlete or other First violation two years ineligibility. No Athlete or other

person who has been declared ineligible may during the person who has been declared ineligible may during the period of ineligibility participate in any capacity in a period of ineligibility participate in any capacity in a competition or activity.competition or activity.

Article 11 Consequences on TeamsArticle 11 Consequences on Teams Where more than one member of a team in a Team sport Where more than one member of a team in a Team sport

has been notified of anti doping rule.has been notified of anti doping rule.

Article 12 Sanctions against Sporting Bodies Nothing in the Code precludes any Signatory or Nothing in the Code precludes any Signatory or

Government.Government.

Article 13 Appeals Decision subject to Article 13 Appeals Decision subject to AppealAppeal

Decisions shall remain in effect while under appeal Decisions shall remain in effect while under appeal unless the Appellate body orders otherwise.unless the Appellate body orders otherwise.

Article 14 Confidentiality and ReportingArticle 14 Confidentiality and ReportingThe principle of coordination of anti doping results The principle of coordination of anti doping results

public transparency and accountability and respect public transparency and accountability and respect for the privacy interests of individuals alleged to for the privacy interests of individuals alleged to have violated anti doping rules.have violated anti doping rules.

Article 15 Clarification of Doping Control Article 15 Clarification of Doping Control

Responsibilities Responsibilities TThe collection of Samples for Doping Control and he collection of Samples for Doping Control and

should take place at both International Events and should take place at both International Events and National Events.National Events.

Article 16 Doping Control For AnimalArticle 16 Doping Control For Animal In any Sport that includes animals in Competition, In any Sport that includes animals in Competition,

the International Federation for the sport shall the International Federation for the sport shall establish and implement anti doping rules for the establish and implement anti doping rules for the animals.animals.

Article 17 Statute of LimitationsArticle 17 Statute of Limitations No action may be commenced against an Athlete or No action may be commenced against an Athlete or

other person for an anti doping rule violation in the other person for an anti doping rule violation in the code unless such action is commenced within code unless such action is commenced within eight(8) years from the date the violation is asserted eight(8) years from the date the violation is asserted to have occurred.to have occurred.

Article 18 EducationArticle 18 EducationThe objective shall be prevent the intentionalThe objective shall be prevent the intentionalor unintentional use of Athletes of Prohibitedor unintentional use of Athletes of ProhibitedSubstances and Prohibited Methods.Substances and Prohibited Methods.

Article 19 ResearchArticle 19 Research

Sociological, behavioral, juridical and ethical studiesSociological, behavioral, juridical and ethical studies in addition to medical, analytical and physiologicalin addition to medical, analytical and physiological investigations.investigations.

Article 20 Article 20 Additional Role and Responsibilities Role and Responsibilities of Signatoriesof Signatories

To adopt and implement anti doping policies andTo adopt and implement anti doping policies andrules for the Olympic Games which conform with rules for the Olympic Games which conform with the Code.the Code.

Article 21 Additional Roles and Responsibilities Article 21 Additional Roles and Responsibilities of Athletes and other personsof Athletes and other persons To be knowledgeable of a comply with all applicable To be knowledgeable of a comply with all applicable anti doping policies and rules adopted pursuant toanti doping policies and rules adopted pursuant tothe Code.the Code.

Article 22 Involvement of GovernmentArticle 22 Involvement of GovernmentEach Government’s commitment to the Code will beEach Government’s commitment to the Code will beevidenced by its signing the Copenhagenevidenced by its signing the CopenhagenDeclaration.Declaration.

Article 23 Acceptance Compliance andArticle 23 Acceptance Compliance and ModificationModification These entities shall accept the Code by signing the These entities shall accept the Code by signing the

declaration of acceptance. declaration of acceptance.

Article 24 Interpretation of the codeArticle 24 Interpretation of the code The official text of the Code shall be maintained byThe official text of the Code shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French.WADA and shall be published in English and French.

Article 25 Transitional ProvisionsArticle 25 Transitional Provisions The 2009 Code shall be apply in full after January 1,2009.The 2009 Code shall be apply in full after January 1,2009.

Famous Cases of WADAFamous Cases of WADAFloyd Landis (U.S. cycling)Floyd Landis (U.S. cycling)

Landis became the first winner of the Tour de France to be stripped of the title after failing a dope test but for WADA the true victory came when the American'sappeal was rejected and the ban upheld.

A day after a poor performance in the 16th stage of the 2006race appeared to put him out of contention, Landis staged anastounding fight back, winning the final mountain stage inspectacular style to reclaim the yellow jersey.

A drug test after the 17th-stage win revealed Landis's dramaticcharge was fuelled by performance-enhancing drugs when hetested positive for synthetic testosterone.

Landis denied using drugs and blamed the positive tests onprocedural mistakes by the French laboratory, assembling ahigh-powered team of experts and lawyers to dispute the results.

Muhammad AsifMuhammad Asif

Asif was detained in Dubai on June 1Asif was detained in Dubai on June 1stst 2008, for drugs 2008, for drugs possessions, while returning home after playing IPL Tournament.possessions, while returning home after playing IPL Tournament.

In 2006 there was controversy over Asif after he originally tested positive for a In 2006 there was controversy over Asif after he originally tested positive for a banned banned anabolic steroidanabolic steroid, , NandraloneNandralone, before having a ban imposed on him , before having a ban imposed on him overturned on appeal. He was later withdrawn from Pakistan's World Cup squad overturned on appeal. He was later withdrawn from Pakistan's World Cup squad with an unrelated injury.with an unrelated injury.

In July 2008, soon after his return to Pakistan from Dubai, the IPL revealed that In July 2008, soon after his return to Pakistan from Dubai, the IPL revealed that a player had tested positive for banned substances during the tournament and a player had tested positive for banned substances during the tournament and on on July 14July 14, it was revealed that the player in question was Asif., it was revealed that the player in question was Asif.

Asif protested his innocence[34], and his lawyer announced that his 'B' sample Asif protested his innocence[34], and his lawyer announced that his 'B' sample would be analysed as per WADA regulations, and he was later suspended from would be analysed as per WADA regulations, and he was later suspended from all cricket indefinitely by the PCB. He does have the right to appeal his all cricket indefinitely by the PCB. He does have the right to appeal his suspension. On February 11, 2009, the IPL confirmed that Asif had tested suspension. On February 11, 2009, the IPL confirmed that Asif had tested positive for steroids and subsequently imposed a one year ban on him, ending positive for steroids and subsequently imposed a one year ban on him, ending on September 21, 2009.[35] Shortly before the IPL's announcement, Asif was on September 21, 2009.[35] Shortly before the IPL's announcement, Asif was released of his contract by the Delhi DareDevils.released of his contract by the Delhi DareDevils.

ResultResultProhibited

substances) or other violation

Athlete Sport Sanction or resultDecision

release dateST number

Cannabis Ted Hunia Touch 6 weeks' ineligibility 21-May-08 03-Aug

Cannabis Nat Connell Basketball

Ineligible up to and including 1 June 2008 (effectively 6 weeks' ineligibility taking into account

provisional suspension)

20-May-08 04-Aug

Cannabis Steve Robinson Basketball

Ineligible up to and including 1 June 2008 (effectively 6 weeks' suspension taking into account

provisional suspension)

20-May-08 05-Aug

Morphine Cindy Potae SoftballNo period of ineligibility

imposed due to finding athlete not at fault

27-Feb-08 04-Jul