Wa State Local News Section 11

Ngaix plih .1.5.2012 num, mhai (11). Dee yuh lih - Cub caw yuh si tang meung Vax.

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BANG KUM YAWG YAW NAOG KRAX OT MEUNG VAX BEEN YIEN YAWG (23)NUM ygh:bkuf.bgif; oef:yluf.wif;vgif;edrfOof:rldif:]o}clyf,clyf,(23)yD<

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K rax si goek pa yuh son naok krax ot 23 num paoh tix daux pak cawng lien mong pawk

Khix 4 -17 ngaix mawh si ngaix ting pa koe cau ka kawn pui khawm lien daux Meung Vax khawm uik. mawh si ngaix viex pa ti rob rom kawn pui Meung Vax mai kru ngai vax hu been yiien yawg, yuh krax haok huan.

2012 num khix 4 -17 ngaix, kawn pui Meung Vax riep hoek naok krax ot been yiien yawg (23) num, daux si ngaix in, paoh tix yuh daux pak cawng lien Mong Pawk tan, kawn pui ku cau hoik ceep kraung mhawm hoek dee an uik.

Plak ngawp 9 taix, krax si goek pa yuh son naok krax ot been yiien yawg (23) num jauh tix phao, lien khawm kawn pui hoik da tix cung daux pak ku cup, lox rhax muih

son Meung Vax hoik luah rao ma. yam an cao kaing ting Meung Vax T ax kuad Pang, fux cu six tax kuad Ngaox, fux cong shu chi T ax kuad Rang, fux cong see ling Cao Cong T ang, T ax kuad Run, kuang six pu pu cang Cao Kawx Ang, chaix caung pu pu cang T ax kuad Ciiet, cao kaing daux vawng in kix, siien cang, shu chi daux siien, thuang cang, lhiux cang, caung woe, pu cang, fux pu cang daux ku cup an kix ngawm mai nyu si nhie: ka dee ngawm cao kaing, khaw cang haok plak piang ngawm mai pa hoek khaing ku plak ka praok khawm ra plak.

Grawh grawng mawh Pang kong seex fux cu reung daux kru na-ing 468 Liang caux yiung mai pa yuh klieh daux bang naing tix, tux yi lang greem bung.

Krax si goek jauh tix daux

luah mawg (23) taix, khaix laik lien praok krax dee ot, pui ku kaux yaok tix kaoh riep man raoh son hak tiex.

Khaix ngaox cao bung lien ka cao kaing ting, ot krax hawt hu tax kuad Kloi, tax kuad Run, tax Cai sam, tax Li Ai Shu in kix tax kuad Pang lih jhak lien khawm pui hun plak greem, yam hoek dee ot lien tax kuad Pang mhaing kix sau riang pau hak tiex ex tawm mhawm, paw kieh pui dik klawng heem ceem klawng nyaux. hoek ka pui hun mhaing kix grum rhawm mai paox, sau riang yuh ka-ing, hoek dee ot nyawm gau lai mhaing kix sau riang gau lai, yuh tix mawh pa koe lig lai son haok huan Meung Vax khaix ngaix.

Khaix an mawh ku cup pa laik ka daux pak, pa hawt man chix hak tiex, mawh cup pa viex man chix meung man (20) plah, chix Meung

Vax (20) plah,chix lien (20) plah, khaix an mawh pa viex son lien, pa pai sit ah, sara nyiex gau lai, kawn nyawm gau lai, pa yuh klieh, pa viex son kawn pui ku cau ku cawng, pa viex nad, pa klom pliah, hoek lien tax kuad Pang, tax kuad kloi riep ching lix ka kix, nyawm gau lai pui hun tax kuad Pang yeep taix ka kix mai nyiah tix si mhie: kix mhawm ot gau lai mhawm .

Khaix hoik laig ku cup daux pak, kix tawm yuh pui hun yaox krax pa gau lien, nyawm gau lai sau tax kuad Pang an kix tauk man raoh, mai yuh kix yaox chao, khaix hoik krax pa yuh lien khawm nyawm gau lai, tax kuad Kloi viex buan son daux vawng ah lox yam an , nawh ah : sim si kaux laux si miang, pui haok pui hun paox grawm paox gru ku kaux, in si ngaix

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ex yuh krax si goek si gu dee in son naok krax ot Meung Vax been yiien yawg (23) num, aux viex buan son tax kuad Pang, daux vawng Meung Vax , kru naing Meung Vax ah lox dee in. ah lox riep hoek toek bleeih ka paox meet paox grawm ku plak.

1989 num khix 4- 17 ngaix, ka (23) num daux si ngaix in, tax kuad Lai mai tax kuad Pang viex kawn pui Meung Vax ah lox mhawm, tat grawng ang lai yuh naing graing coax mai Asoyax, viex kawn pui Me-ung Vax hu krax yiien yawg. ot daux 23 num in, ot greem thung bung tax kuad Pang si miang ting ex kix, hoik yuh kaing ting cau pon grawng: (1). gaih khaing been kong ma nit, kieh hak tiex yiien yawg haok huan. (2) kaoh khaix yuh naing mai Cub Khun Sa, (5) num pon tix pex kix, preet krax suk sak si nax Man kiex Thai. tawx riang son kaux cong hak tiex. (3) son sang tik pa yok pa awp, ot greem thung bung cao kaing daux vawng, 1999 num gaih pa ot ka gawng pa sum phen lih ot plak nang pu. (4) ot greem sau kawn pui lien riang mai paox, 2005 num khix 6 -26 ngaix, yaok tix tik num phen pa hoik ot hak tiex Meung Vax (100) num phao. jauh mee an kawn pui hak tiex Meung Vax ot greem thung bung pa ti rop rom jauh tix hu krax haok huan. tax Kloi fux cong see ling ah nin: kawn pui hak tiex Meung Vax ku cau, mawh pa muih been yiien yawg, ang doh yuh krax luk liak, guah hak tiex, mawh si mhie: tang yuh hak tiex nyiex ma tix mhawm. koe lox pa dix sin ax ex, prawng ka lox mhawm, khaix hoik bang kum son hak tiex

daux 2007 num, khee ang ex Meung Vax pon riep lox mhaing kaing: pa tawx Asoyax mai khaix lih kaing daux 8.8 ngaix, ex hoik lai rien: ka paox, mawh ka ang nyang sau tix ka paox, hoek daux 2011 num khix 9 -6 ngaix, dee jauh tix prawng lox mhawm mai paox.

In si ngaix, bang naing tix paoh krax si goek si ghu son ot been yiien yawg (23) num, mawh sang kieh lien khawm kawn pui Meung Vax yuh tix tawng son ting cau krax yiien yawg haok huan ka ex. sah sawn krax pa pon kaing: pa yuh daux (23) num bawg yam in. nhiiet sau riang yuh kaing：yuh kaing Meung Vax ku plak haok huan. ka (23 )num, kawn pui hak tiex Meung Vax ot greem thung bung tax kuad Pang si miang ting ex kix ploi nad ak tix yuh been yiien yawg, ex ka hoik yaok, krax pa kaut kix yam an hoik si daing khaw, kawn pui hoik yaox krax nyawm ka-ing: nyawm chaw, daux (23) num in, Meung Vax hoik koe krax haok huan ku plak, kawn pui kup sawm nyawm ot, krax pa hoik pon in kix, hoik mawh kaoh khaix tawx pui ka ex nhex nham ju: phan tix ka piang, kawn pui hak tiex Meung Vax khaw ang chix phi ka kix ling ju: ling phan, ka chix tix ah, ang koe been kong ma nit ka ang koe been ot si ngaix, ang koe pa tawx ju: son been Meung Vax ka ang chix haok huan.

Krax ot ex kawn lang kah ka, yam in ot been yiien yawg mai Asoyax, khaix in sax yuh ka mawx ex ka ang yuh tix phi: krax mhawm son been yiien yawg, kieh son yiien yawg haok huan hak tiex nyiex ma mhawh pa ting, nhiiet sau riang mai been mhawm, yuh kaing: chaw haok huan,

kieh kawn pui kup sawm nyawm ot. Krax si voe kawn lang ka

mhawh pa mhawm, lien khawm kawn pui Meung Vax khaw nhie： ih rhawm rhi si mau paox, kham krax cut cha . daux vawng ka koe rhawm koe riang tix kaut kaing: son kawn pui Meung Vax ku cau, nhiet grum rhawm mai praok tax kuad Pang si miang ting ex kix, nhie：kieh Meung Vax mhi mhak haok huan.

Ceung woe daux kru naing 468 tax Pao Sam Kat viex buan son bang naing tix kix cao bung ah lox yam an, nawh ah : nap yam ka sim si kaux laux si miang, nyu: si nhie ku kaux ku pui, Meng Man hoik baox yuh krax yiien yawg haok huan mai Meung Vax, been mhawm baox lih piang Meung Vax, kawn pui daux hak tiex Meung Vax ku cau, baox riep hoek naok krax ot been yiien yawg (23) num, kaoh khaix chawk mhaing ka daux vawng Meung Vax num kru naing vax, yix tawm mawh cao bung ka krax si goek si ghu.

Been yiien yawg pa ot si ngaix ang yiie:, ex muih been yiien yawg ka priex been yiien yawg. Me-ung Vax ka in, tang koe ku cup ang pon laig ka paox tix, yuh naing graing caox mai paox, pa yoek pa awp laux yuh kawn pui, krax ot ang si ngeh si ngiiem, hoek 1967 num jauh tix khrawm mai paox ang lai guah muk luk ru:. 1988 num khix 12 pa ti rop rom jauh seet tix koe num sum tix tix koe cau. 1989 num tawm prawng lox mhawm mai Asoyax jauh tix ang lai yuh naing graing caox, jauh tix hu krax yiien yawg yuh krax haok huan.

Yam jauh krax ot kawn daing nu, kaing ku cau khaw tix yuh, ot greem thung bung pa ti rop rom, sau riang tix daux 23 num in, hoik pon tix tik num phen pa ot hak tiex Meung Vax 100 num, hoek bawg yam in, sau riang yuh krax hoek hu mai plak praix, yuh kaing: ku cau haok huan, sum khaox ox yuh kaing: cau pui, sawk krax kup sawm nyawm ot son kawn rai pau sin, yuh krax gau lig lai pai saux, toh krax laux, yuh ngai lig ngai lai ku cau doh, yuh krax grum rhawm mai pa ot praok ex kix ku plak, ot si phie: mhawm si phie.

Nyaux rawm kaud taoh, been mhawm pa ot si ngaix ang doh yiieh, mawh kaoh khaix thung bung pa ti rop rom, khee nan hawt been viex pa ti rop rom mawh pa khaw ka son ex. ex ka ang chix phi awm, ot daux (23 ) num in, hoik pon krax teem gaw kah paox meet paox grawm piang meung, pa ot praok vheng, paox aik, kawn keeing in kix ku plak ku vang, ot dee in viex buan son ah lox laoh lhie：ka kix ku plak .

In si ngaix mawh si ngaix naok krax ot Meung Vax been yiien yawg (23) num bawg yam, ka mawh si ngaix seet lien rop rom Meung Vax tix koe num sum tix koe cau, jhak krax ot si ngaix hoik mawh lien (3000) kaux pa loh ju: tix son. ex muih been yiien yawg ka si mhie: been yiien yawg, ang ex lhat ka naing, ka ang si mhie: naing lih, ca mawh

son been yiien yawg ex pon yuh ku cau, mawx yuh kaing ang mawh ka ex, ex ka ang prah nawh. Meung Vax in si ngaix ang doh yiie:, ex si mhie: pa hoik tawx krax teem ka ex an kix ku cup ku caw, baox awm si voe in naox, nhiiet baox tawx krax teem gaw ka ex ku plak, kieh Meung Vax nhie: haok huan, ex ka si mhie: kix hoek veen vhi Meung Vax. hak tiex Mong Pawk tauk ot khawm haok huan tix phao, si mhie: hoek sau num tix kah, si mhie: maix hoek chau plai num kawn vax mai nghiiet lox bioung paung kawn mien.

Nawh ah, ot greem thung bung tax kuad Pang si miang ting ex kix, ot greem sau kawn pui Meung Vax riang rao mai paox, greem teem gaw paox grawm pui ku plak, Meung Vax ot si phie: rien: nhie: mhawm si phie:.

Fux cu six daux lum Meung Man glawk pon tax Sang Lu, viex buan son pa hoek yam an ah lox, nawh hoik yaok yaw krax haok huan kawn pui Meung Vax greem thung bung tax kuad Pang in kix, khaix (23 )num in phao, Meung Vax ot si phie: riien: nhie: mhawm, kawn pui kup sawm nyawm ot.

Fux pu cang daux nong ling shiou lix pu tax Ya khux viex buan son cau pui Meung Vax krai lox yam an, nawh ah : (23) num ot greem thung bung pa ti rob rom, kawn pui Meung Vax hoik haok huan miex nyao, pui hoik yaox ka ngai tix, si mhie: kawn pui ku cau ih rhawm rhi si mau paox greem thung bung tax kuad Pang si miang ting ex kix, nhiiet yuh Meung Vax haok huan.

Ot daux bang kum, pa viex buan son cing: tux woe meung hawx Ying Nang Shiu Ping, kawn tawx khawng phak, tax kuad Ngaox viex buan son mawh cao riep, mai ah lox laoh lhie: ka kix khawm pa ot praok pa tawx krax teem ka ku plak. si mhie: pui ku kaux mhawm ot daux poi in.<

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K rax si dauh si lah pa yuh daux si goek (23) num bawg yam 2012 num khix 4 -16 ngaix,

krax si lah si liiem pa yuh son si goek daux naok krax ot Meung V ax been yiien yawg (23) num, kaoh khaix sau pa yuh si lah an kix riang tix mai paox daux (7) ngaix bawg yam, krax si lah pa yuh kix an pon tix si dauh kaing si daing praok khawm uik .

Krax si lah ka muan plix chiux ngoik tix daux (16) ngaix, caw tix mawh

(Sing Khang Kong see) mai cup Chaix Ceung Pu pa grang nam pat loe mai paox, ot daux yuh kix si lah hoik daing sau riang tix khawm ra plak, ka ngoik (Sing Khang Kong see) pon (77) pex Chaix Ceung pu, kix pon nam pat loe. pa si grang nam pat tix nam pat ra mawh pa viex son Bang naing(1) mai Chi HoxT ao, krax si lah kix mai paox hoik si daing sau riang tix, yam jauh riang pa pon kix si du, hoek tawm dee ngoik, B ang naing (1) pon (51) pex cub Chi Ho T ao, chi pa pon (49), kix

mawh nam pat (1), Chi Ho T ao chi pon nam pat (2), krax si lah pa yuh pon tix si dauh yam an uik.

Plak bo ngaix an kix tawm tawx khawng phak ka pa pex paox, tax kuad Kloi fux cong see ling, tax kuad Ciiet pu cang, Pao Sam Kat caung woe cao kaing an kix hoek yam.

Cao bung plak si lah phat ah grawng si lah pa yuh kix bawg in, pa pon krax yaog yaw mawh kru naing 418 mai lien pau vawng. pa pon ka muan plix chiux tawm ia, Cong Chang nam pat (1). Bang naing (1) nam pat (2). veng Meung Mhau nam pat loe. pa pex ka si lah leet maox kru naing 618 nam pat (1). dee sum khaox yang yit Thaung Long nam pat (2). veng Meung Mhau nam pat (3). pa pex ka si lah to riep paox kru naing 618. veng Meung Mhau, lum Pang Kham. Cub pa pex ka muan plix chiux, Bang naing (1), Chi Ho T ao, (Sing Khang Kong see) in kix .

Khaix phat pa pon nam pat

chi cang Mong Phing Thiien Sam Rong, shu chi daux see fax woe Mong Pawk ThaoJia Cong, fux lhiux cang Ai Y a, caung woe Pao

Sam Kat, pu cang tax kuad Ciiet, fux see ling tax kuad Kloi an kix tawm mawh cao tawx khawng phak ka kix ku cup. krax si lah pa yuh pon tix si dauh kaing si daing praok mee an.<

TAWX KHAWM PHAK KA CUB PA PON NAM PAD ,KRAX SI LAH SILIEN DAUX POI YAWG YAW NAOG KRAX OT MEUNG VAX BEEN YIEN YAWG (23)NUM.

B ang klieh riep nyu mai si goek (23) num yuh tix daux pak cawng lien mong pawk

. 2012 num khix 4 -16 ngaix plak bo, klieh yuh son riep nyu si nhie: pa hoek laig daux krax si goek pa yuh son naok krax ot Meung Vax been yiien yawg (23) num, paoh tix daux pak cawng lien Mong Pawk.

Pa yuh klieh daux Caung Kong pu, pa yuh klieh daux Bang naing tix, Mong La, chi Dung Ngek, pa lox rhax Cub Chang Yiien an kix yuh pui hun nyu si nhie: yaox klieh (16) mu.

Cao kaing ting daux vawng Me-ung Vax T ax kuad Pang, fux cu six T ax kuad Ngaox, fux cong shu chi T ax kuad Rang, fux cong see ling T ax kuad Kloi, pu cang daux kuang six pu taxCao Kawx Ang, pu cang daux chaix ceung pu T ax kuad Ciiet, ceung kong pup u cang tax Yiien Seung Ping:. caung woe daux kru naing 468 Pao Sam Kat, lhiux cang pa yuh siien cang Mong Pawk Li Ai Shu, siien cang Maung Mhau Siao Sai Pao , shu chi Mong Pawk Tiien Yung Sing, cao kaing daux hak tiex, daux lien , daux lum, paox grawm ku plak, pa viex son Mong La an kix hoek tix jhak klieh mai pui hun.

Ot khaix paoh bang klieh, caung kong pu pu cang tax Yiien Seung Ping: viex buan son daux vawng ah lox riep hoek toek bleeih ka nyu si nhie: ku plak. nawh ah : bo in mawh si ngaix mhawm tawm toek, ex tawm grum dee in yuh krax klieh si goek son naok krax ot Me-ung Vax been yiien yawg (23) num bawg yam, ot dee in ah lox riiep: hoek toek bleeih ka pex sim si kaux laux si miang: nyu si nhie: pa kaoh khaing ku plak, cao kaing daux bang naing tix, pui haoh pui hun daux Mong Pawk khawm mu.

Khix 4-17 ngaix mawh si ngaix ting cau ka kawn pui Meung Vax khawm uik, ka daux(23) num daux si

ngaix in, kawn pui hak tiex Meung Vax ot greem thung bung cao Nyi Lai tax kuad Pang, jauh tix ang lai yuh naing graing caox, hu daux been yiien yawg haok huan. ot daux (23) num in, hak tiex Meung Vax tix ngaix mhawm khaing tix ngaix, kawn pui hoik yaok tix kaoh vaoh tix cung:, ang lai yaox krax map nai,ex ka ang doh phi: pa yaox, krax ot si ngaix ang doh yiie:, si voe ka riien nhie: mhawm.

Bo in pa yuh klieh daux hak tiex Meung Vax ku dauh, pa ot praok vheng an kix hoik greem tix yuh ex yaox klieh, kix hoik ah lox rhax son been mhawm, son grum rhawm nyawm ot kawn pui ku cau. hoik viex krax si goek si ghu ka nyu si nhie: khawm pui ku kaux. klieh pa yuh kix jauh tix tawm khix 4 -10 ngaix hoek 16 ngaix ang lai jut .

Ot daux klieh riiep nyu,klieh pa yuh kix hoik pon krax dieh taix ka pui haoh pui hun ku kaux, yaw ka nyawm tix yaox, khaix hoik klieh, cub pa yuh klieh kix khrawm paox tix thut riang ang grai mai tax kuad Ngaox mai si miang: pa hoek jhak klieh and khan kix.<

BANG KLIEH RIEP HOEK NYU SI NIE DAUX POI NAOG KRAX OT MEUNG VAX BEEN YIEN YAWG (23)NUM. YUH DAUX PAK NYIEX GAU LIEN, MEUNG PAWK.






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yj,wD,cgwf;vl dwf ; zgrf .plrf ;rl di f :]o}UWSA/P qwf:pAwf:ymifcluf:xlyf: oef:yluf:wif; vgif;edrfOof:rldif:]o}cgyf;clyf,(23)yD<wArf? qwf: pAwf: wD;sq;wgef;rldif:yguf./ 4.17 oef:eh. yAefoef:ckduf.vkduf.bfG, vlif wgef;wj,wyf.Okduf:sv; ayj;sr;ulef:rldif: ul;qmof:cldof:rldif:]o}pof:cof oef:ekdif;bof./ yAef oef:cgwf;zgwf;yluf:wif; yj,wD,cgwf;vldwf;zgrf. plrf;uefaO tgefayj;sr;ulef:rldif: ul;qmof:cldof: rldif:]o} bAyf;bmif; cof;ql:OAef;wmif:irf:bAef yldof;wj, auj,Omif;yluf:ygifrldif:]o} ckdef;bfG,rmuf;rD:/ oef:xd(17.4.2012)eef. wmifwlof zhm,wyf.Okduf: ul;wyf.ugifsv; ayj;sr;ulef:rldif:cof qgrf:sq;wgef;?sq;oAif:rdlif:]o}ul;wD;wD;? plrf;yj:yD; egif.cSuf, wD;qrf_uhpof:cof rj:cof;plrf;efG:ymifygh: bkuf.bgif; yluf:wif;vgif;edrfOof: rldif:]o}cgyf;clyf, (23)yD<wArfeef./ efG:oef:eef. ygwf:efG(9)rlif:? sw, ykdwf,zknf,ymifukrfvlif bkuf.bgif; vgif;edrfOof: rldif:]o}cgyf;clyf,(23)yD<wArfeef.uGj,/ wyf.Okduf:sv; ayj;sr; ulef:rldif:cof tgefuefrj:cof;yAefxSof? tofwD;bl,efG:omif:plif:pAef:Okduf:eef./ plofyof;vlif yj,wD,cgwf;vl dwf;zgrf.plrf;rl dif:]o}sv; ygifumef wyf.Okduf:cgwf;vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o} qof;Okduf: vlif qof;wymif:? uSrfplofyof; yj,wD,cgwf;vldwf;zgrf. plrf;rldif:]o} OSof:rdef,vSif,? uSrfplofyof;sv;zl;erf: efG: wImif:? uSrfzl;ygifumefOkduf:OkifOkwf: qof; Okduf:vlif qof;qlif:wif:? qof;Okduf:vlifwIkef:? zl;ugef:pgif;umef zhm,uyf:Okdyf,eguf;rldif: qof;auj, tmif:? zl;ugef:pgif;umef zef,wj,id kef:wgif: yof:blof,vSif,? plrf;yj:ulef:vlifiof;ikef:cof? zl; ugef:sq;wgef;? sq;oAif:cof? zl;erf:efG:sq; wgef;sq;oAif:cof? zl;ugef:wyf.ugif? uSrfzl;ugef: efG:wyf.cof ul;rl,qkrf:sv;tduf,yj:yD<egif.cSuf,wD; qrf_uhcof tofwD;eif; el dofcAif,zl;eif;qk dif; eef./ zl;rD:qef.qgrf:sq;wgef;? sq;oAif:? qgrf:efG:wyf.cof ul;Omif.Omif.tofwD;eif; Ogifcmif wD;eif;qkdif;eef./ uSrfzl;rh mef G:vkrf :wyf .ugifsq;wgef; Okduf:rhm(1) vSif,qldof.bdif: yAef zl;cyf.ymifefG:ymif ukrfeef.--- wyf.Ok du f :sv;ayj;sr;ulef:rl di f :cof rj:qkwkrfuef cof;yAefxSof? tofwD;eif; Okdof; zfGOkdof;ref:bof.wlof;vDirf:bof./ tgefuefwuf. brfwkif:(tvrf,)qkdif;rldif:? wkif:yj,wD,? wkif:wyf. Okduf:uG j,/ plofyof;vlifyj,wD,cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf; rldif:]o} qof;Okduf:vlifwymif:? uSrfzl;ygifumefOkduf: OkifOkwf: qof;Okduf:vlif qof;qlif:wif:? wIkef:? zl;qwf:umefOkduf:sq;wgef;Okduf:rhm(1)qof;Okduf: vlifqof;qhm:Omrf? Zl;ugef:wyf.ugif sq;wgef; Okduf:rhm(1)sv;ugef:sq;wgef;rldif:yguf. vD:thm;Ol: cofqof; ck def ;qkuf :el do fuj:aO uG j,wuf .brf Olif,Oif,xkdif wyf.Okduf:cofsv;ayj;sr;ulef:rldif: tefcof;xSofoh.qldof:eef./ plofyof;vlifwymif: pgwf,zSofxSofwyf.Okduf:cof wlif.wuf.Olif,Oif,oj;- ]]vkuf;egif.ygifyhmpof:cofwif:OAif; OfG,pSif:uSwf;sc

yfG.yj:omef;rldif:pof:vDvD? bj,yefzl;cAef rj:pdrfplof erf.wD;udef omef;rldif:wD;bl,pof:}}? pgwf,zSofxSof ulef:rldif:cof wlif.wuf:Olif,Oif,oj;-]]OfG,pSif:vgif; zgrf .plrf ;ueful ;wD;? cwf:qf GOf G ,pSif :pAwf:umef rmuf;rD: P;ayj:udefayj:ekif;}}/ pgwf,zSofwD;xSof vkuf ;pAef:cof-]]vkuf ;vmefpof :cofwif :OAif ; tgefuefOfG,pSif: pmrf;pAef:tof vduf;vhm:yhmay, efG:plif:pAef:ul;auj.? P;OlyAefzl;cof;yj:qgh;xSrfumef qldof.qmwf; omef;rldif:pof:rldof:ej;}} oj;eh;/ Eguf;eef ul;rl,ul;qkrf: tgefuefcof; xSofyAefrl,yAefqkrf:bof.? sw,cof;sezmif;pmif; ef G:ymifyg h :eef.uGj,/ qkrf :bdyf :wkif:(tvrf,)qk d i f ;r l d i f : plrf ;wkrf (20)zk def ? wkif :qmwf ; (tvrf ,)rl d i f :]o}(20)zd kef ? wkif :(tvrf,) wyf.Okduf:cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]0}(20)zk def? uGj,tgefwmif:Okwf: pAwf:sezmifpmif;/ awj,rj: yAefrl,wyf .Ok duf :yj:vmuf ;euf;? Od ku f :zhm,bdyf : bj;bj? qkrf :TOj,arjOgefsv;vkuf ;pAef:cof ? qkrf :uj ;oSef ? qkrf :wmifwloful ;qmof :cl do f :cof ? qkrf:yj:ugifumif;? qkrf:yj:pguf,vmyf;cof tgefuefyef wmif:eyf.brfuj;wD;zl;bfG,ulef:vlifcofaO Okdyf, pAwf:sevgif;uj;bgyf; pgif.zAif:uGj,Oldof;zfGOldof;ref:/ ohm:aOwyf.Okduf:sv; ayj;sr;ulef:rldif:cof vAyf; yef; pAwf:sezmif;pmif; Ogifej;zl;bf G,ulef: vlifcofbof.auj;? wyf.Okduf:cof ckdef:pAwf:sezmif; pmif;vguf:vhm:umefOkduf: efG:omif:eef.uGj,/ uSrfzl;ygifumefOkduf:OkifOkwf: qof;Okduf: Vlif qof;qlif:wif: rguf;vmwf;acj;uGmrf:Olif,Oif, xkdifvkuf,wyf.cofwif:OAif;oj;J ]]oef:rldof;eh.yAef oef:cgyf;clyf,yluf:wif;vgif;edrfOof:rldif:]o}(23)yD<wArf/ tgefwmif:Okwf: eyf.brfxkdif zl;bfG, ulef:vlifiof;ikef:cofwif:OAif:? Eyf.brfxkdif Ok duf:pmefcofwif:OAif;? Eyf.brfxk dif ayj;sr; ulef:rldif:pof:cofsv; yD;egif.cSuf,wD;qrf_uhpof:cof wif:OAif;? bmrf:vAof pof:wmifwlof auj,rwD, iof;ikef:yj,wD,cgwf;vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o} coful; Omif.Omif.? wmifwlof iof;ikef: wyf.Okduf:cgwf; vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o}pof:coful;wyf.ugif vh;rD:cGmif. rj:vmwf;acj;uGmrf;wD;eh;eh. yAeftefidef:vD qlrf:Oldof:qgrf:sw.bof./ qof;qlif:wif: clef.ch;seykdef: wyf. Okduf:yj,wD,cgwf;vdlwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o} U.W.S.A/P tefqof;nD,vhm:sv; plofyof;vlifwymif: tgefplof cgwf,zgwf, auj,wif;rj: sw,rldof;yD< 1989.4.17 oef: awj,xk di fbmrf :vAofeh .bof./ tdifel dof acj;cyf.ck difqof;nD,vhm:sv; plofyof;vlifwymif: tgefploferf :ej; ayj;sr;ulef:rl di f :]o}cof yh OAef;wmif:irf:bAefeef.? ukdwf:Okduf:aO tkyf, tlof:vgif;irf:bAef qgrf:vlifygifqkdif;rldif:rmef; cof/ cgwf,zgwf,yluf.wif; yj,wD,cgwf,vldwf;zgrf. plrf;sv; wyf.Okduf:cgwf;vldwf;zgrf.plrf; rldif:]o} uldwf,ckdef;rj: yldof;wj,auj,Omif;rldif:]o} ckdef;bfG, rmuf;rD:sv; yluf:ygifzovgif;bl,Oof: ulef:rldif: ul;qmof:cl dof:rl dif:]o} ck def;Omif.ck def;Okif awj, xkdifbmrf:vAofeh.bof./ bl,efG:cmof:wmif:irf:bAef(23)yD<rj:eh.

pof:cj;bl,yj;wf G;acj;cyf.Ck dif plofyof;vlifwymif: tgefploferf:ej; pof:cj;eef.aO efG:rl,qkrf: yj,wD,cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;pof:cj; vh;bAyf;bmif; cmr f ;y lef .vh ; umefbmy f ;zk dwf ;vlif (4)y l d i f / (1)? Zmwf,tguf,qkrf:(y.u.y)cgrf,rdofedwf.yj,wD, rldif:rmef;bof.aO? tofvgif;irf:bAefqgrf:vlifygif qkdif;cof? sw,auj,Omif;rldif:]o} ckdef;bfG,wlof:wgef: sv;rD:vgif;uwf:bAefedrfOof:rj:/ (2) pmif;Okduf: wkduf:awj: qkrf:ckefOj,pj;yD<? xkdifwD;qkrf:ckefOj, ayj:vh;cBj.vmuf;emuf;yef vlifygifqkdif;cof rldof;yD< 1996 eef./ qkrf:pof:vh;uSwf;sc,yfG.yj:vgif;Okuf: bkif;tlefuof: qgrf:vSefvdefxh:-rmef; uwf: bAefedrfOof :/ (3) eif,pk do fumefwk du f :awj: zAof ;rlnf.ySwf; pmuf ;plofbj,zdef,(bj;rof:urf) r lwf.ph mef G :rl d i f :]o}eef.? auj,rwD,iof ;ikef: yj,wD,cgwf;vdlwf; zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o}pof:cof cyf.ckdif pjvguf:vhm: wj,su,vdwf,yefwD;bl,Oof:ulef:rldif: tefzkuf,Ogrf;bj;zdef,qldof:eef.aO? rldof;yD< 1999 eef.? tofayj;sr;ulef:rldif:cof qldof:zkuf, Ogrf;bj;zdef, tefbl,qgrf:Oefvhgcofeef. chm. vlif:uG j,bl, wmif:wgef;vdefOk duf:ygwf:qmef:/ (4) tefayj;sr;ulef:rldif:]o}pof:Cof vh;cmrf;qj: zgef:ph m.bj;zdef,(bj;rof:urf) Ok dyf,vkuf,ymef Vmef rj:cmof :wmif :(100)yD<yh meef.? rl do f ;yD (2005.6.26) oef:eef. auj,rwD,iof;ikef:rldif:]o} pof:cof wluf:vlif:zgrf.vh;qfGuef wSyf:wwf: ykwf: cmwf,oj; Jtofeh.uGj,rldof:ej; rldif:]o} wuf:aw trf,vh;zkuf,Ogrf;bj;zdef,xSif;vj:vj:bof./ ohm:aOtrf,zkuf,Ogrf; bj;zdef,bof.? bl,ef G:ayj,vOD, acj;cyf.ck difyj,wD,cgwf;vl dwf; zgrf.plrf;eh.aO sw,tofyhm:ydif,nj,? yhm:bl,vD? yh m:auj,Omif ;omef;oAif :? yh m:OAef;wj,Oh mwmif :? yhm:uyf:Ok dyf ,wdwf:awj, sv;vgif;zobl,Oof: ayj;sr;ulef:rl dif:cofeef. ekdif;yD<awj,ekdif;yD< vh;pefvSuf;vhm; wlof :wgef:rj:wif:erfbof./ qof;qlif :wif:vmwf;oj;Jwyf.Ok duf : sv;ayj;sr;ulef:rl dif: ul;qmof:cl dof: rl dif:]o}eh. yAefzl;pwf:pmefsv; puf .ySif :vgif ;irf :bAef ? rl,qkrf:pof:cj; trf,rD:ayj,vOD,acj;bldif:tmef: wj,uGj,wk duf:bk dof:yl def;? trf,rD:acj;bl dif:tmef: wj,zmwf,tguf, efG:rldif:plrf;wkrfrldif:rmef;/ ulnf:uj; ef G :qkrf :yj,wD,cgwf;vd lwf ;zgrf .plrf ;rl dif :]o}eh. awtkyf.yldif;zgrf:irf:wgef;vdefwlofuof,? (ulofySif, tluf.cBKuf,ab:)? awvh;yAefrl,qkrf: pAwf:umefvD rD:tuBKdof: wj,ayj;sr;ulef:rl dif:? zhm,wyf.Okduf: cofeef. awvh;yAefzl;qf G .vD ayj;sr;ulef: rldif:? yfG.yj:uSwf;sc vgif;irf:bAefP;ref;ukdrf: bkdef:

bmof:aO cwf:qfGyluf:ygifomef;rldif:]o} ckdef;bfG, rmuf;rD:uGj,rldof:ej;/ qof ;qli f ;wif :vwf ;oj ;J oh m :aO ymifwkrfvlif(nDvj,crf;)rldof;yD< 2007 eef.bof./ tdifeldofacj;wkuf:bgef: vlifygifqkdif;rj:wD;rl,qkrf: bdyf:ugif;umif; pof:coful;rl,ul;qkrf:? qfG.vSuf;vhm;pAwf: wyf.yfG.vSefvdefeef.? bl,wD;efG:rl,qkrf:yj,wD, cgwf;vdlwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o}pof: trf,bgrf:pyf. pAwf: qgrf:eif,tefcofwkuf:bgef:eef.aO? iif:vhm: tacB,tae, efG:umifpof: rD:vgif;cAif;cSifawj, uefrj:/ xkdifwD;wyf.Okduf:vlifygifqkdif; pmif;Okduf: avj,wkduf:Odrf:tofqkrf:ulof:umif.rldof; 8.8 eef. bof./ iof :vh m:tscB,tae, umefrl di f :auj; trfedrf:Oof:? ef G:rl,qkrf:pof:cj;auj; vh;zmif. Owdoh.aO? pmif;pSef:Ok duf: uGj,wlif.ek difqgrf: vSefvdeful;wD;? yuf:wjyfG.wlnf:iof:vhm:tacB, tae,bl,bof./ xk difwD; eff G :ygwf:wgef;pof: tkyf.xdif: trf,rD:vgif;Okuf:bkif;tlef,arj:sv; rldof;oef:xd(6.9.2011)eef.? ckdef:sw, tkyf,ukrf vgif;irf:bAefqgrf:vlifygifqkdif;cofrj:bof./ oef:rdlof;eh. sq;wgef;Okduf:rhm(1)cof qwf:pAwf:ymifcluf:xlyf: bkuf.bgif;vgif;yluf.wif; edrfOof:rldif:]o}cgyf;clyf,(23)yD<wArf wD;eh;eh.? yldifvlifref:..yAefyldof;wj,qdseyef vuf:xmef (Omuf,aO,)wD;wyf.Okduf:sv;ayj;sr;ulef:rldif:]o} pof:cofpkxkdifygif,qfG eldofiof;pmuf;oef:sw,wif; cgifyj,wD,pof:aO oh.uj;cef vgif;irf:bAefeh. Euf:euf:ejej/ vgif;irf :bAefeh. yAefumef vrf,vgif;tab:bfG,sv; rD:vgif;xmif;pmif; wj, yluf:ygifomef;rldif: ckdef;bfG,wlof:wgef:/ efG:cmof:wmif: (23)yD<rj:eh. ulef:rldif:ul;qmof:cldof:rldif:]o} bl,wfG; acj;ck difygif plofyofvlifwymif: tgefploferf:ej; pof:cj;aO sw,tofyhm:rmuf;rD:? yhm:ydif,nj,? yhm:bl,vD? Yhm:wdwf:awj,OldofOmef? yhm:auj,Omif;omef;oAif:? yhm:ckwf:OAef;wj; Ohmwmif:uj:ygif,ul;wD;? vgif;auj, Omif ;zh:zj,qf G.erf. quGj,umefimef:ql dof :eh.

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oef:rl dof;eh.Jwyf.Ok duf:sv;ayj;sr; ulef:rldif:]o}pof:cof rj:qkwkrfuefwD;eh;? qwf: pAwf:ymifcluf:xlyf: vgif;edrfOof:rldif:]o}cgyf;clyf,(23)yD<wArf? tdifeldofqkrf:wgef;vdefOkduf:rhm(1)pof:cj; bgef:cGmif.wD;auj,rwD,iof;ikef:rldif:]o}cofbof.aO qif;pyf.tofykef;zgef: cyf.ck difuG j, ef G:sq;wgef ; rdlif:yguf.wD;eh;bof./ efG:rldif:]o}eh. ylef.rj:yD<bmof:cmof:pkdif eef. cofrD:vhmrl,vhmqkrf : trf,rD:vgif;zgrf . plrf;uef? omef;wf G; omefel dofeef. pAwf:Ok duf: awj,uef? vlvhmcD;eAuf:wAuf:wAifuef? rD:vgif;qSuf; szygwf:wgef; wD;bl,uefrj:bof./ rl di f :]o}vh;cmrf;wmif:qmof:cldof: ul;rABof:rABof:Cof tgefplofxlof: ej;pof:rj:? vh;cmrf;wmif:zl;cGmuf;rldif:cof tkyf.yldif; zgif:irf:rj:/ rD :vgif ;ej;umefwjimef:Oifauj; vh;tofcofoj;rlwf:rlwf:? Ulef:rldif:trf,rD:tcGmif. tab:vmwf;Oif ? vgif ;pAwf:umefck def ;Oif. ckdef;Okifeef. cofsp.pmrf;OD:oh.sv;? ugyf;eef rl dif:]o}eh.? sw,tof vgif;yh m:ydif,nj,vduf;vhm:? vgif;yh m:bl,vD? vgif ;yh m:rmuf;rD :? vgif ;bl,Oof:? sv;Vgif ;auj,Omif ; umefck def ;bf G ,wlof :wgef: ul;zhm,zhm,eef. qmif;wluf:vkdef:ySwf; yD<bmof: cmof:pkdifeef.bof./ xkdifrldof;yD< 1967 eef? cofqif;sw, zgrf.plrf;uefrj:? yAefrl,yAefqkrf:/

xkdifrj:yD< 1988.12 vldef? sw,cgwf, zgwf,yluf:wif; yj,wD,cgwf;vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o} Ck def;rj:/ xkdifyD< 1989 sw,cof;tkyf,ukrfvgif; irf:bAefqgrf:vlifygifqkdif;rldif:rmef;cof? ukdwf:Okduf: tofvgif ;irf :bAefuefrj:? sw,pAwf:umefrmuf ; rD:sv; auj,Omif;rldif:]o}ckdef;bfG,rj:awj,rldof;vAof/ rldof;sw,tofirf:bAefeef. wj,yluf:ygif umefimef:ul;vgif;vgif;eef. pof:cj;xlyf:vgif;bmyf; zk dwf ,rj :sw.sw.bof./ qlof ;bl ,wf G ;y j,wD , cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;eh. tdifedlofwmif:cwf:qfGOfG, pSif:uefrj: efG:cmof:wmif:(23)yD<eh.? tefulef: rldif:]o}pof:cof vh;cmrf,qj:zgef:phm.vlif bj,zdef, cmo f :wmif :(100)y D <yh meef .auj; ? po f :cj ;vh ; wk duf:awj: zAof ;rlnf.ySwf; iof ;pmuf ;bj,zdef, Eef . rlwf:ph muG j ,ef G :rl d i f :]o}bof ./ cwf :qf G pAwf:umef zkuf ,Ogrf; ykef;wj,rj: wmifwSef: bj;rof :urfql do f :eef.rj: ? zkuf ,Ogrf ;rh .bmif ? Zkuf,Ogrf;rh.wmif,qldof.? pAwf:vgif;zkuf,Ogrf;ul;vgif; qldof:yAefumefrmuf;rD:sv; vh;ikdef;cof;efG;rldif:]o}/ vgif;pAwf:umefzkuf,Ogrf; wmifwSef:bj;rof:urf eef. rl dof;vAof vh;pefazj;erf.azj;wlofrj: Erfbof./ vgif;bl,Oof:ayj;sr;ulef:rldif:cofeef. sw,tofef G :oAif : xk difqgrf:omef;eguf;ej:ymif,? vgif;pldef:ab:wD;bl,cof? vgif;OAef;wj;Ohmwmif: sv;vgif;wdwf:awj,uyf:Okdyf,eef. vh;pefvSuf; vhm; wlof:wgef:rj:aOuof,sw.sw.bof./ rldefuGmrf:xkif:oj;oh.J]]udeferf.bj,vkdrf: auj.ckwf:arj,}} rldof;vAof pof:vh;bl,omef;rldif:uwf: bAefckdef;bfG,bof.? ref:tdifeldoftefpof:vh;cgwf, vldwf;zgrf.plrf;uefrj:? bl,efG:rl,yj,wD,cgwf;vldwf; zgrf.plrf;aO cyf.ckdifauj,Omif;rj:bof./ ugyf;eef vgif;cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;uefeh. yAefpSif:vlifsv; rD:zgef:vDwj,pof:sw.sw./ qlof;pof:yluf:wif; vgif;edrfOof:(23)yD<yhmrj:eh.? rl,qkrf:qgh;xSrf ul;rldif:rldif:Cof? tduf,yj:rl,qkrf:rduf.Olnf,tlnf:vD rldif:pdrf:pgrf:pof:coful;wD;auj;? vh;rj:qgh;xSrfyefpSif: el dofumefimef: auj,Omif;rl dif :]o} ul;vgif ;vgif ; qldof:eh.zgif;bl,/ pof:wmifwlof wyf.Okduf:sv; ayj;sr;ulef:rldif:]o}wif:OAif;cgyf,qfGidef:qlrf:qgrf: sw.sw.cj;bof./ oef:rldof;eh. yAefoef:cgyf;clyf,yluf:wif: vgif;edrfOof:rldif:]o}(23)yD<wArf? aOtrf,uj: yAef oef:ul dwf,wyf.Ok duf:cgwf,vl dwf;zgrf.plrf;rl dif:]o}auj;qfG;bof./ tefpof:vh;cgwf,zgwf,yluf:wif;rj: wyf.Okduf:cgwf,vdlwf;zgrf.plrf;sv; Vh;auj,Omif; omef;rldif:wD;bl,pof: ckdef;bfG,wlof:wgef:rldof;vAof eh.? ref:trf,yAefumefihm;ihm;aOvh;rj:? wj,P;pof: ayj:awvh;bl,rl dif:uwf:bAefsv; rmuf;rD:ck def; bfG,rldefrldof;vAofeh.? Okduf:pmefcof vh;cmrf;wkuf. cmrf,bmyf;? wkduf:awj:rj:vhmOdyf:yD<bof.? xkdifwD; Ok du f :pmefcof ayj:vh;rgyf ;wmef :el d o f .vl dwf ; OhmqfGuGj, wj,omef;rldif:eh.(3000)auj.bof./

Okduf:pmefpof:cofwif:OAif;JJ uj;ylef.rj:sv;Oif? bmrf:vAofsv;Oif?rldof:ej;rj:sv;Oif? efG:yj,wD,cgwf;vldwf;zgrf.plrf; rldif:]o}pof:eh.? wdkef:puf.plrfqlrf:wgef;irf:bAef?wkdef:rkif;rgif: vgif;uwf:bAefedrfOof:wj,aO,? pof:cj;trf,ulofvgif;Okduf:Oldof? vgif;yAefOkduf:Oldof eef.auj;? pof:cj;trf,rkif;rgif:? trf,cfG;P;rD:ymifwkduf: bkdof:uefxSif;? ayj:omef;rldif:uwf:bAef edrfOof: auj;? umefyh,pAwf:_umefyh,rD:bof.eef. awtmef: pAwf:P;vh;ul;vgif;/ ayj:yldef;pAwf:vgif;Okuf:bkif; tlefuof:efG:rldif:pof:qkdif? pof:rD:wlof;wef: wj, wgyf,wSef:ckdef:pmof;pSif:/ yof :Omrfuwf:oj;Jwgef;wj,awauj, Omif;omef;rldif:]o} ckdef;bfG,wlof:wgef:uGj,rldof:ej; eef. pof :cj;wk duf:rD :vgif ;bmyf;udef:wif:erf? ugyf;eef rkif;rgif: rl,qkrf:qgh;xSrful;rldif:rldif:pof:cof sv;rl,qkrf:tefrj:urf.xSrfrldif:]o}bl,rldof;vAofeh. ckdef:Okdyf,qhg;xSrfyefpSif: eldofumefimef:ul;zhm,zhm, wgef;wj,auj,Omif;rl dif:]o} ck def;bf G,uG j,rl dof:ej; xSif ;erferfaOurf: tefoj;eef. cf G;bgef: rguf,vmwf;aOj,Olef:xkdifoh.eif,eh;/ ulef:rldif:ul;qmof:cldof: rldif:]o}pof:cofeh. yAefzl;rD:erf.qfGvD? arjoh.qfGuGmif;cGifawj,yldef;? zdwf,rguf,xkdif tlnf:vDul;rdlif:rldif:pof:cof rj:tSof; av, vAyf ;pAef :umefimef:rl di f :]o} ? rl do f ;vAof sq;wgef;rl dif:yguf.pof: rD:acj;bl dif:tmef: aw auj,Omif ; pAwf:yAef(ykif ,qmrf ;)oAif :ck def ;bf G ,? zdwf;pgif.rguf, qof;Oax:_vof:yef:cof rj:vlif: wkdef:eldofumefauj,Omif;oAif:rldif:yguf;eh.erferf/ zdwf;rguf,J rj:qrf:vof;cwf: qmof:cldof:]o}? rj:xgrf, OAifyD,qmof:vj:pl,/ qof;Omrfvl, uSrfzl;ugef:wgef;vdefckduf.wgef:

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eyf.erfxkdifJ plofyof;vlif wgef;vdefckduf.wgef:rhm(2) tl:yof :bl,OSif ,? Eyf.brfxk dif zl;cof ;yj,wD, cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]0}? Eyf.brfxkdif zl;tgef plofsq;wgef;rldif:yguf.sv; zl;tgefplofwyf.qkrf:(468) tduf,yj:Okduf:pmefwif:OAif;? oef:rl dof;eh . wD;sq;wgef;rl dif :yguf . vh;qwf:pAwf:ymifyg h : auj,Omif;vgif; irf:bAef cgyf;clyf,wArf(23)yD<aO vh;zdwf;rguf,xkdifrj:wD; qkrf:pof:cj;sv; pof:qif;vh;rD:cGmif. cof;plrf;zSofrj: eh.bof./ wD;ej;vdefwgef;vdefckduf.wgef:rhm(4)pof:cj; plofyof;vlifqof;qhm:vkdef: sv;auj,rwD, cgef;wgrfuwf:bAef tduf,yj:ayj;sr;ulef:rl dif: ul;qmof:cldof:wif:OAif; rD:wmif:qlrf:Oldof: tofukif, tofrkefqgrf:bf G,bf G,erferfoh.bl,? cj;pof:wmif wlofaO zmuf;uGmrf:xkdif tlnf:vDpof:bl,cj;/ bl ,ef G :cmof :bmrf :(23)yD<wArfrj:eh. plofyof;vlif tl:yof:blof,OSif, pof:cj;yAefiof;yj, wD,cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf; wgef;vdefckduf.wgef:rhm(2) rl dif:]0}aOsv; tgefplof Olef:wkrfulef:rl dif : u l ;qmo f :cl d o f : ef G :rl d i f : ]0}wif :OAif ;aObof . tgefuefcwf:qfGOfG,pSif: awj,Ol;wkduf:awj: umef bmyf;zkdwf,ul;Orf,OSefyldifrj:sv; efG:wgef;Vdef ckduf.wgef:rhm(2)pof:cj; vh;ckdef;bfG,wlof:wgef:rj: ul;zhm,ul;yh h m: pjOifoj; ayj:trf,rD :eef.bof./ z0umefbl,Oof:ayj;sr;ulef:rldif:auj; ckdef;Oif. ckdef;Okifrj:? umefauj,Omif;wyf.sv; vhm:wkduf:vhm: bkdof:auj; uwf.cSef, ckd fef;Oif.ckdef;Okiferfsw. bof./ yhm:bl,Oof: ulef:rldif:uwf:bAefedrfOof: aO ulef:rl di f:wif :vh mauj; rlef;auBK,Ol dof :qfG bl,udefOof:Omif ;rj:bl,bof./ umefydef,ySif efG:rldif:]o}pof:cj; tefwgef.bmrf;pefeef.auj; vh;pefyAef,ySif wlof :wgef:rj:erfsw.bof./ pof:cj;sv;wgef;vdfefckduf.wgef:rhm(2)eh. rD :ej;vdefwdwf:qyf:uefoh .? wif;sw, rldof;tgefwmif:rj:auj; pof:cj;qldof:eh. vh;bl,efG: ckrfuj,yj,vkuf;vAofuefaO wkduf:awj:rj:qgrf:uef eef.bof./ awj,xk difoef:rl dof;eh.auj; pof:cj; wk def :rk dwf,uk dof: qrfqf Guef rl defyD<tguf ,egif . eef.bl,bof./ awj,Okdyf,uG j,oef:rldof:ej;eef. auj; wj,umeftgif;tldif,uwf:bAefedrfOof:sv;

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6

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7

“佤邦政协第二届代表大会 “筹备会议在邦康召开

本台消息：遵照佤邦7年规划指导意见中“2013年4月，要召开佤邦政治协商会议第二届代表大会”的精神，佤邦政协于

2012年4月26日至28日，在邦康人民大会堂召开第一次筹备会议。 26日上午8时，筹备会议按时召开。出席会议的政协领导有：主席布来康、常务副

主席兼秘书长陈龙生、副主席赵三里、副

秘书长尹凡、办公室主任魏向东；勐冒县

政协主席赵高峰、副主席岩肖；勐波县政

协主席赵和明、副主席岩内；勐能县政协

主席略章；南邓特区政协主席田老大、邦

康特区政协副主席尚翁等；佤邦政府副主席肖明亮、政工部部长阎生炳、副部长你觉、农业部部长鲍华强、

副部长亚库、司法委常务副书记李志超、

建设部副部长岩翁、妇女协会主席吴桂

荣、副主席田红等应邀参加了筹备会。筹备会议由政协办公室主任魏向东主

持。布来康主席首先对此次筹备会议的目

的和议程作了说明：会议时间安排3天，主要内容：听取各县、各特区政协工作的

汇报；拟草《佤邦政治协商会议章程》；

商定2013年4月召开的佤邦政协第二届代表大会的代表名额及其各项工作的安排。

要求各位参会领导多多献计献策，把此次

筹备会议开好。会上，肖明亮副主席对2013年4月召开

的佤邦政协第二届代表大会的有关事项作

了指示：肖副主席说：“党领导下的统一

战线是革命的三大法宝之一。任何国家，

任何党派对统一战线工作都非常重视，中

国从中央到地方都有四大领导班子，政协

就是其中之一，西方民主国家的议会都设

众议院、参议院，缅甸新政府也设人民院

和民族院，参议院和民族院的职能就相当于我们的政

协。所以，政协是一个很重要的部门。它

是党、政府与人民群众之间的重要桥梁。

政协的主要任务就是政治协商、民主监

督、参政议政。做好政协工作，对我们政

权的巩固、民族团结、经济的发展有着很

重要的意义。我们的一些领导对政协工作

的重要性缺乏正确的认识，认为政协不起

什么作用，把年纪大的、不能工作的、犯

过错误的干部调给政协，这是错误的。我

们在选举政协委员时，要坚持不分民族，

不分男女，不分宗教信仰，年龄在18岁以上至76岁以下。把在人民群众中有威望、有影响力、受尊重的社会各阶层的人士，

选为政协委员。肖副主席对拟草政协章程工作也提出了要求。对政协的性质、政协的职能、组织

机构等作了详细说明。要求拟草的政协章

程要简单明了，机构不要繁琐，要适合佤

邦的实情。筹备会议中，参会领导纷纷发言，肯定政协工作取得的成绩，提出建议，希望通

过第二届政协代表大会的召开，使政协在

今后的工作中发挥重要的作用。<

2012年4月13日至15日，佤邦农林水利部佤邦农村适用技术国际培训班在勐冒县龙

潭区开班培训。龙潭培训教学点主要以勐冒县高海拔

冷带地区的班歪、王冷、龙潭、昆马、岩城、

营盘区为主要培训对象。参加培训的有勐冒县、班歪、王冷、

龙潭、昆马、岩城、营盘区的分管农业领导；

勐冒县农林水利局领导、各区农业所所长及各

乡文书等，到场参加培训人员近100人。农林水利部鲍华强部长亲临龙潭点指

导工作。农林水利部农业技术推广中心主任周

文高、办公室副主任李岩盆、农业处处长赵尼

俄、部长秘书郭卫平等组织和参加培训。龙潭培训点邀请了中国西盟县农业技

术推广中心魏忠平主任等三名技术人员到场任

教传授农业科学技术。

培训由农林水利部办公室副主任李岩

盆主持。鲍华强部长作了主题讲话，欢迎中国

西盟县农业技术人员到佤邦来指导、帮助农业

生产工作。强调了这次培训工作的重要性，也

是农林水利部落实中央七年规划指导意见的具

体体现。要求全体学员心到、手到、口到，认

真听讲、动手做好纪录和实践操作、并结合自

己生产活动中出现的问题，积极提问。农林水利部向西盟县技术员和广大学

员介绍了当前佤邦的农业和人民温饱问题及现

阶段国际组织对佤邦的援助情况。此次的培训主要以教堂理论教授和实

地操作指导的形式传授农学知识。并给学员发

放有关农业理论书籍，以便学员能从书本上得

到更多的农业基础理论。西盟农业技术人员向

大家传授了《杂交玉米高产培育技术》、《杂

交水稻高产栽培技术》、《马铃薯高产栽培技

术》、《间套作栽培技术》。

4月14日，农林水利部把培训设在田间地头，由农业技术人员现场指导学员实践操

作，指导学员如何做好玉米、马铃薯的科学栽

培技术。教师示范，学员观看，学员操作，教

师指导。老师兢兢业业，学员热情高涨。

整个培训得到了勐冒县政府和龙潭区

区委、区政府的大力支持。本月值班的勐冒县

委副书记李赛茸在百忙之中抽时间赶到龙潭支

持培训工作，并给学员发表了重要讲话。龙潭

区赵岩勐书记亲自坐镇指挥安排整个培训的后

勤工作，给学员安心培训提供了后勤保障。赵

岩勐书记同时也参加了培训，接受新知识，并

在实地实践中亲自动手，拉绳子、测量。培训中，森鸿公司还给大家推介该公

司的经营模式。学员表示赞许。

培训结束时，鲍华强部长做了总结发

言，强调指出，发展农业对佤邦的民心稳定是

非常重要的，我们的干部要树立为人民服务的

意识，大力发展经济的同时要大力发展农业，

到2019年实现我们的奋斗目标。<

佤邦农村适用农业技术国际培训班在龙潭区举行培训






8

尊敬的中央首长、各位领导、各位来宾、

各位父老乡亲、部队全体指战员同志们、战友们 :

大家晚上好！

今天晚上，是一个充满激情的夜晚，我们在这里举

行隆重的迎宾晚会，热烈欢迎中央首长、各级领导、各

位嘉宾及来自各县、各特区、勐波县各区乡的父老乡

亲，远道前来共同参加庆祝佤邦和平建设23周年的庆典

活动。对各位的到来，佤邦第一战区庆祝佤邦和平建设

23周年筹委会表示最热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢！

4月17日，对佤邦全体军民来说是一个具有历史意义

的日子。23年前的今天，佤邦人民在以赵尼来、鲍有祥

同志为首的率领下，脱离了战争的灾难，走上和平发展

的道路，翻开了佤邦历史新的一页。23年来，佤邦各族

人民在佤邦联合党的正确领导下，披荆斩棘，经历了风

风雨雨，闯过了逆流暗礁，取得了一个又一个的卓越成

就，全邦正在发生着日新月异的变化。佤邦各民族不再

是过去受歧视、受凌辱的民族，佤邦人民觉醒了，佤邦

人民站起来了！我们不会忘记历史，我们更加珍惜今

天，对明天充满了美好的希望。

今天晚上，有来自各县、各特区的文艺队，有来自

兄弟组织和地区的文艺队，有来自中国、泰国等地的知

名歌手同台献艺。他们将用最优美的舞姿，最抒情的歌

喉，歌唱新生活，歌唱民族大团结，展现人民军队为人

民的英姿风采，展现辛勤劳动获得丰收的喜悦。用歌

声、用舞姿来献给我们各位首长、各位领导、各位嘉

宾、各位战友兄弟、各位父老乡亲，让我们共同度过一

个欢乐、愉快的夜晚，留下永不忘却的美好记忆。同

时，也预祝参演的各文艺队、各位歌手演出成功。

谢谢大家！<

2012年4月16日

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