5 04-042-728 3 . 5 5.1

5.2 5.3

60 60 60

5.1

5.1.1 5.1.2 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2

5- 5

5.1-5.3 5-1 15-20 5.1

5.1.1 5.1.2 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2

5- 6

5

5.1 (254 3) 2 ( Job-Order Production Job Shop Production) ( Production to Stock) ( Intermittent Manufacturing) (Continuous Manufacturing) ( Mass Production)

5.1.1 (Job-Order Production Job Shop Production)

(2545) (Intermittent Flow) 1) 2) 3) 4)

5- 7

5) (Machine Shop)

5.1.2 (Continuous Production System) (2545)

(Make to Production) (Production Line) (Conveyors) (Product Layout) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) - (First In First Out - FIFO) 6) (Mass Production) 5.2

( Motion Study) (Standard Time) (, 2543)

5- 8

5.2.1 1) 2) (Element) (1) (2) (Performance) (3) (4) 3 ) 1 4 ) (Sampling Process) (Variance)

5- 9

2

( Normal Distribution) (Mean ; ) ( Standard Deviation ; ) n Xi i 1 n = Xi ; i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n (5.1) n

= (Xi-)2 ; i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n (5.2)

n (Confidence) (Precision) N = k/s nXi2 - (Xi)2 (5.3) Xi n = N = ( ) s = ( 0.05) k =

5.1

(%) k 68.3 95.5 99.7

1 2 3

: , 2543

5- 10

5.2.2 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Westing House Westing House 4 1) (Skill) 2) (Effort) 3) (Consistency) 4) (Conditions) 4 5.2

5- 11

5.2

Skill Effort +0.15 +0.13 +0.11 +0.08 +0.06 +0.03 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 -0.16 -0.22

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D E1 E2 F1 F2

Super Skill

Excellent

Good

Average Fair

Poor

+0.13 +0.12 +0.10 +0.08 +0.05 +0.02 0.00 -0.04 -0.008 -0.12 -0.17

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D E1 E2 F1 F2

Excessive

Excellent

Good

Average Fair

Poor

Condition Consistency

+0.06 +0.04 +0.02 0.00 -0.03 -0.07

A B C D E F

Ideal Excellent

Good Average

Fair Poor

+0.04 +0.03 +0.01 0.00 -0.02 -0.04

A B C D E F

Perfect Excellent

Good Average

Fair Poor

: , 2528 5.2.3 (Determining The Normal Time) , 2543 Normal Time = Selected Time x Rating Factor (2.7)

5.2.4 (Determining Allowance Time) 1) (Delay Allowance) 2

5- 12

(1) (Unavoidable Delays) (2) (Avoidable Delays) , 2) (Personal Allowance) 3) (Fatigue Allowance) 5.2.5 (Determining Standards Time) (Normal Time) (Allowance Time) 2.8 Std = NT + A(NT) = NT (1+A) (2.8) Std = (Standard Time) NT = (Normal Time) A = (Allowance Time) % 5.3 (Flow Shop Line Balancing) (Continuous Production) ( Elements) 5.3.1 (2545) 1 (Conveyor)

5- 13

(2534) (Job Analysis) 1, 200 12 180 (2548) (Idle Time) 1) (Maximum Cycle Time) 82.09 Housing 1 2) (Operating Time Per Day) 8 / 2

P = OT / CT (2.1)

P OT (Operating Time Per Day) CT (Cycle Time) ( 2 16 ) P = 16 X 3,600 82.09 = 57,600 82.09 = 701 Housing 1 16 701 Common Rail 701 CT = OT (2.2) P

5- 14

1,478 CT = 57,600 1478 = 39 701 1 478 39 (2535) (Line Efficiency) (2.3)

E = (2.3) E = Di = i C = N = 5.3.2 1 ) ( Mathematical Programming) Dynamic Programming Jackson .. 1956 Integer Programming Bowman .. 1960 2 ) Heuristic ( Zoning Constrains) (1) Hoffman Technique

n

1 - Di i=1

C x N x 100

5- 15

Hoffman .. 1963 Successive Maximum Elemental Time Technique (SMET) SMET COMSOAL Hoffman 1 ( Precedence Matrix) 0 1 1 0 Code Number 0 2 0 Code Number 3 Code Number 0 4 5 4 6 7 6 Code Number Code Number 7 2 0 3 2 7 8 9 8 0 10 11 10 Code Number 1 7 11 Code Number Code Number 9 12 2 11 Code Number (2) COMSOAL Technique (2545) COMSOAL Computer Method of Sequencing Operation for Assembly Line Heuristic

5- 16

Arcus (1966) COMSOAL .. 1966 (Biased Sampling) COMSOAL Crysler COMSOAL 1 (Immediate Following Tasks) 2 List A (Immediate Preceding Tasks) List A 3 List B List A List B 4 List B List B 4 List C 5 List C List A List B 6 List A 1 7 List B 4-7 1 2 4 A.L. Arcus List B List C Bias Selection 9 1

5- 17

2 List B 3 4 1/x x = 5 1/ x x = 6 7 1 6 8 9 1 , 5 , 6 , 7 8 (3) Ranked Positional Weight Technique (RPW) Helgeson and Birnie .. 1961 RPW RPW RPW RPW 1 RPW 2 RPW 3 4 RPW RPW 5.4

5- 18

2.5.1 Ranked Positional Weight (RPW), COMSOAL Hoffman

2.5.2 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

5- 19

5 04-042-728

1) KM-1500.3 F-24 KM-1500.3 F-24 1 ( 120 )

() ()

()

(%)

1 1. 101.25 101.25 18.75 84.37

2 2. 6.05

113.29 6.71 94.40 3. 89.54 4. 17.70

3

5. 25.60

106.09 13.91 88.40 6. Back joint 8.45 7. Back joint 9.24 8. 62.80

4 9. 69.46

106.16 13.84 88.46 10. 36.70

5 11. 101.64 108.55 11.45 90.45 12. 3.55 13. 3.36

6

14. 32.25

106.06 13.94 88.38 15. 8.96 16. 14.61 17. 28.62 18. 21.62

7 19. 77.52

105.99 14.01 88.32 20. 8.90 21. 17.57

8 22. 7.81

106.17 13.83 88.47 23. 32.61 24. 34.32

5- 20

() ()

()

(%)

25. 31.43

9 26. 29.35

88.40 31.60 73.66 27. 22.80 28. 36.25

10 29. 101.52 101.52 18.48 84.60 1,043.48 156.52

: 1 156.52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1

5- 21

( 120 ) 1 2 2

()

1 101.25 2 6.05 3 89.54 4 17.70 5 25.60 6 Back joint 8.45 7 Back joint 9.24 8 62.80 9 69.46 10 36.70 11 101.64 12 3.55 13 3.36 14 32.25 15 8.96 16 14.61 17 28.62 18 21.62 19 77.52 20 8.90 21 19.57 22 7.81 23 32.61 24 34.32 25 31.43

5- 22

()

26 29.35 27 22.80 28 36.25 29 101.52

Ranked Positional Weight (RPW) COMSOAL

5- 23

1. ( Thiniking-Based) 2. (Questioning Based) 3. (Self-Learning) / 1. () 2. 3.

1. : 2. : Power Point

1. 2. 3.

5- 24

. (2548) : . . . (2543). . : (-). . (2534). . . . (2535). . . . . (2543). . . . (2532). . . . (2545). . : (-). .(2545). . . . (2535). . . . (2545). . : . . (2534). . : . . (2543). . : . . (2534). . , . . (2528). . . . (2547). . .

5- 25

. (2539). . , . Arcus,A.L. (1966). COMSOAL : A Computer Method of Sequencing Operation for Assembly Line. International Journal of Production Research 4(4) : 259-277 Hoffman, T.R. (1963). Assembly Line Balancing . With a Precedence Matrix. Management Science, 9(4):