W09-olson

TSB-88Managing Intersystem

Interferencefor Dissimilar Modulations

OverviewACRR & ACPR

How to estimate Source of Interference to Victim Receiver’s

characteristicsExample Application

May 17, 2006Managing Intersystem IntfPage 2

ACPR Vs. ACRR & ACIPR

ACPR (dB)Adjacent Channel Power Ratio

ACPRReference is Transmitter’s

Power output

Transmitter Noise Power intercepted by the victim

receiver, relative to P0

ACRRReference is a signal

generator with reference modulation

Cs/N for Reference Sensitivity

ACRR (dB) Adjacent Channel Rejection Ratio

Transmitter Specification

Receiver Specification

Transmitter, ACPR = ACRR + Cs/N

Receiver, ACRR = ACPR - Cs/N

Receiver, ACIPR = ACPR - Cs/NBandwidth Effect, Wider Bandwidths produce lower ratios

Wider Bandwidths intercept more unwanted energy

ACIPR = ACRR due to similar methods of measurement

Receiver Noise Floor


• FCC 47 C.F.R. 90.543 (12.5 kHz channels) 700 MHz -40 dB ACP, 9.375 kHz offset, 6.25 kHz bandwidth -60 dB ACP, 15.625 kHz offset, 6.25 kHz bandwidth No FCC Requirement for a 12.5 kHz offset

• 12.5 kHz specified in other reference documents• TIA-102.CAAB-B, 3.2.8 Unwanted Emissions: Non-

Spurious Adjacent Channel Power Ratio• Same as C.F.R. 47 §90.543 at 700 MHz (ACPR)• Other bands, 67 dB ACPR, 6 kHz BW, 100 Hz RBW

• NCC Planning Guidelines (Now PSWAC) Guidelines for 764-776/794-806 Regional

Planning Committees• 40 & 65 dB ACPR, Appendix K V2_0.doc

▪ 65 dB ACPR for 12.5 kHz offsets

Transmitter Requirements, ACP


TIA 603-C Analog ACPR Requirements §3.2.14

• Requirements vary with Frequency BandHigher requirements in bands less than 512 MHz

•Measurement bandwidths vary with Offset Frequency

Narrower with decreased Offsets


Receiver Specifications• TIA-102.CAAB-B

3.1.7 Adjacent Channel Rejection, ACRR (12.5 kHz)• ACRR is equivalent to ACIPR due to method of measurement• Mobile A/B, 60/60 dB ACRR, Portable A/B, 60/50 dB

ACRR▪ Requires Cs/N be added to determine ACPR

◦ ACPR = ACRR + Cs/N, = 60/50 + Cs/N◦ Cs/N = 7.6 dB for C4FM (P-25 Phase 1 modulation)

• Maximum degradation, 9 dB per kHz of offset frequency C4FM

• Phase 2 modulations not yet finalized• NCC (now PSWAC) Guidelines

Derived from TIA• Assumes 60 dB ACRR, simplified by using 65 dB ACPR

▪ Companion Receiver, considers actual receiver ENBW• FCC

No specific requirements Little potential for setting requirements

http://www.fcc.gov/


References: 603-C, 102.CAAA/B, TSB-88-B

•Analog Radios•Companion Rcvr

•Digital P-25 Radios

•102.CAAA•102.CAAB

•Companion Rcvr•Required ACPR offsets & BW

•Recommended methods for all combinations of analog and digital radios•Various Rcvrs, BW and offsets•Propagation and CATP


Area of Influence

TIA-603/102 - Normative methods & requirementsTSB-88 - Recommended methods only

Applicable Reference

Desired Signal

NA NPSPAC A WA P-25 D

Interfering Signal

NA TIA-603 TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88

NPSPAC A TSB-88 TIA-603 TSB-88 TSB-88

WA TSB-88 TSB-88 TIA-603 TSB-88

P-25 D TSB-88 TSB-88 TSB-88 TIA-102


• Digital 12.5 kHz• Requires less than 6 kHz Receiver ENBW to achieve for Class A •Analog

•NPSPAC Analog (Special Case) 25 kHz channel, 12.5 kHz spacing

•20 dB Offset Channel Selectivity (@ ± 12.5 kHz)•IF ENBW to meet Analog ≥ 25 kHz “A” = 16 kHz (B-4-3)

ACRR specifications


Standard Interfering signal• Analog FM

Modulate interfering carrier with equal 650 and 2,200 Hz tones each at 50% of the maximum peak deviation values

Monitor audio output and measure audio signal to noise (SINAD), 12 dBS is reference sensitivity

• Project 25 Use standard “Interference Pattern”

• Produces a silent output with equal ± signal deviations Monitor radio’s bit error rate, 5% is reference

sensitivity


ACRR - Comparison of Older Analog 400 Hzand Newer dual tone test modulation

400 Hz old RS204-D

Full voice deviation

650, 2200 Hz new TIA603

Dual tone method more representative of actual spectral power distribution. The change in methodology dramatically changes the measured ACRR due to the widen sideband energy. Confirm that the current TIA methods are being used.

Wider sideband noise than 400

Hz method produces


ACRR

Reference

Sensitivity Cs/N

Reference

Sensitivity

+3 dB

Cs/N

Increase Interfering Carrier w/ Interference

modulation until Reference Sensitivity

is regained

Cs/N

ACRR

3 dB

Differences between signal generator waveforms vs. actual transmitters SPD. Very important when dealing with linear modulations.

ACPR

3 dB


Comparison of SPDs of 3 Analog and C4FM Modulations

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Offset Frequency (kHz)

Atte

nuat

ion

(dB

)

5 kHz A4 kHz A2.5 kHz AC4FM


Receiver Modeling• Need to know the bandwidth of the

victim receiver (ENBW)• Need to know the shape of the

filtering 3 basis filter models

• Square (perfect) filter• Butterworth (#poles-#cascaded sections

▪ 3 different versions based on manufacture recommendation

• Root Raised Cosine (RRC)


Filter Comparison (20 kHz ENBW)

-39

-36

-33

-30

-27

-24

-21

-18

-15

-12

-9

-6

-3

0

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Frequency (kHz)

Mag

nitu

de (d

B)

Square

But 10-4 Filter

RRC Filter

But 4-3 Filter

Which is the correct one for any specific radio?Manufacturer specified for proprietary, generic for non proprietary.This slide shows the difference in roll-off at 20 kHz (arbitrary value)

Perfect filter

Worst Case & Older

Analog Radios

Newer Digital/Analog radios


Filter Designators

Examples: •5K50R02|| = RRC filter 5.50 kHz wide with = 0.2

•16K0B0403 = Butterworth filter 16.0 kHz wide, 4 poles, 3 cascades

Details are listed in Table [88B] and in Annex A for each type of modulation

Similar to FCC Emission Designator style 4 Characters with a magnitude symbol at the correct place ENBW

e.g. for C4FM at 5.5 kHz, 5K50

Channel Bandwidth S for "Square" 4 “fill symbols”, ||||

Butterworth B for "Butterworth" XX poles, YY cascades Model

Raised Root Cosine R for " RRC" . 0.XX in 0.05 steps and 2 “fill symbols”, ||


Receiver Filter Table

•Footnotes are critical to select the correct filter. Details also in Annex A text•Distinction between ± 5 kHz and ± 4 kHz deviation impacts IF model due to OCR requirement •Analog not as stringent as digital•Butterworth filter primarily for older analog receivers and worst case evaluations

Modulation Type1 ENBW (kHz) IF Filter Simulation2,3

Analog FM (25 kHz) 5 kHz 16.0/12.64 Butterworth 4 - 3

Analog FM (25 kHz) 4 kHz (NPSPAC) 12.6/11.14 Butterworth 4 - 3

Analog FM (12.5 kHz) 2.5 kHz 7.85 Butterworth 4 - 3

C4FM / Analog FM (12.5 kHz) 2.5 kHz 5.55 RRC, =0.2

CQPSK 5.5 RRC, =0.2

CVSD (25 kHz) 4 kHz 12.6 Butterworth 4 - 3

CVSD (25 kHz) 3 kHz NPSPAC 10.1 Butterworth 4 - 3

DIMRS-iDEN® 18.0 RRC, =0.2

EDACS® (IMBE) (25 kHz) 8.0 / 6.96 Butterworth 5 - 4/ 4 - 3

EDACS® (IMBE) (25 kHz NPSPAC) 7.5 / 6.26 Butterworth 5 - 4/ 4 - 3

EDACS® (IMBE) (12.5 kHz) 6.7 / 5.46 Butterworth 5 - 4/ 4 - 3

F4FM TDMA-2 9.6 Butterworth, 10 - 4

OPENSKY® F4GFSK (AMBE) 12.4 Butterworth, 10 - 4

TETRA 18.0 RRC, =0.2

Tetrapol 7.2 Butterworth, 10 - 4 1Annex A contains additional information on the various modulation types. 2Butterworth filters. The first number indicates the number of poles, the second number, indicates the number of cascaded sections. The 4p-3c configurations are limited to older analog type radios. 3 See Table 8 and Table 9 for additional information. 4 Wideband analog radios can achieve 70 dB ACRR @ ± 25 kHz spacing with the 16 kHz ENBW IF in the 150, 450 and 800 MHz bands. The narrower ENBW is appropriate for 800 MHz band radios that also operate in the NPSPAC portion of the 800 MHz band where an Offset Channel Selectivity of 20 dB [603] is produced by ± 4 kHz deviation interferers. The 11.1 ENBW is appropriate for radios providing 20 dB from ± 5 kHz interferers offset by 12.5 kHz or with other modulations that use narrower ENBW to achieve the 20 dB OCR. 5 Narrow analog receivers can achieve 45 dB ACRR (Class A [603]) with an ENBW of 7.8 kHz. To achieve an ACRR ≥ 60 dB as might be applicable where narrow analog and C4FM are intermixed on adjacent channels, the IF similar to the C4FM digital radios is more appropriate. 6 The EDACS® uses the wider ENBW for specifications, and the narrower ENBW for ACPR determination using the 4p-3c model.


Footnote Comments• Narrow analog (12.5 kHz) easily meets 45 dB

ACRR requirement with a 7K80B0403 filter (7.8 kHz) Can get by with lesser number of cascaded stages Allowance for frequency drift Can achieve 60 dB ACRR with a narrower filter

• Increases the required Cs/N which is offset by the lower thermal noise due to reduced bandwidth

• Decreases maximum achievable SINAD• P-25 Digital requires a narrower filter to meet 60

dB requirement.• Radios that support both narrow analog and P-25

digital probably use a single narrower filter due to P-25 requirements


Footnote Comments (2)• Older ±5 kHz analog receivers typically

use 16K0B0403 but may be narrower if radio also uses NPSPAC channels other than the five I/O channels NPSPAC requires 12K6B0403 to achieve 20

dB OCR Reduced deviation for NPSPAC channels

• ±4 kHz instead of ±5 kHz


Footnote Comments (3)• Multi-Mode radios probably use a single,

compromise, ENBW for both the wide and narrow. Compromise ENBW = 9.4 kHz B-4-3

• Overly Narrow ENBW for Wide▪ 25 kHz ACRR = 78 dB vs. 75 dB req mobile▪ 30 kHz ACRR = 79 dB vs. 75 dB req mobile▪ Impacts high signal SINAD performance

• Overly Wide for Narrow (Just makes requirement)▪ 12.5 kHz ACRR = 45 dB vs. 45 dB req. mobile▪ 15.0 kHz ACRR = 65 dB vs. 65 dB req. mobile


Table A-1 TSB-88B

Modulation Type, (channel spacing)

Static1.

refCNs/

DAQ-3.02.

BER

CI N

f% /

DAQ-3.43.

BER

CI N

f% /

DAQ-4.04.

BER

CI N

f% /

Analog FM ± 5kHz (25 kHz) 12 dBS/4dB N/A/17 dB N/A/20 dB N/A/27 dB Analog FM ± 4kHz (25 kHz) 5 12 dBS/5dB N/A/19 dB N/A/22 dB N/A/29 dB Analog FM ± 2.5kHz (12.5 kHz) 12 dBS/7dB N/A/23 dB N/A/26 dB N/A/33 dB C4FM (IMBE) (12.5 kHz) 6 5%/5.4 dB 2.6%/15.2 dB 2.0%/16.2 dB 1.0%/20.0 dB C4FM (IMBE) (12.5 kHz) 7 5%/7.6 dB 2.6%/16.5 dB 2.0%/17.7 dB 1.0%/21.2 dB CQPSK (IMBE) (12.5 kHz) 6 5%/5.4 dB 2.6%/15.2 dB 2.0%/16.2 dB 1.0%/20.0 dB CQPSK (IMBE) (12.5 kHz) 7 5%/7.6 dB 2.6%/16.5 dB 2.0%/17.7 dB 1.0%/21.2 dB CQPSK (IMBE) (6.25 kHz) 5%/7.6 dB 2.6%/16.5 dB 2.0%/17.7 dB 1.0%/21.2 dB CVSD “XL” CAE (25 kHz) 8.5%/4.0 dB 5.0%/12.0 dB 3.0%/16.5 dB 1.0%/20.5 dB CVSD “XL” CAE (NPSPAC) 8 8.5%/4.0 dB 5.0%/14.0 dB 3.0%/18.5 dB 1.0%/22.5 dB C4FM (VSELP)* (12.5 kHz) 6 5%/5.4 dB 1.8%/17.4 dB 1.4%/19.0 dB 0.85%/21.6 dB C4FM (VSELP)* (12.5 kHz) 7 5%/7.6 dB 1.8%/17.4 dB 1.4%/19.0 dB 0.85%/21.6 dB DIMRS - iDEN® (25 kHz) 5%/12.5 dB 2.0%/22.0 dB 1.5%/23.0 dB 1%/25.0 dB EDACS® Wideband Digital (25 kHz) 5%/5.3 dB 2.6%/14.7 dB 2.0%/15.7 dB 1.0%/19.2 dB

EDACS® NPSPAC8 Digital 5%/6.3 dB 2.6%/15.7 dB 2.0%/16.7 dB 1.0%/20.2 dB EDACS® Narrowband Digital 5%/7.3 dB 2.6%/16.7dB 2.0%/17.7 dB 1.0%/21.2 dB F4FM (IMBE) TDMA-2 (12.5 kHz) 5%/6.2 dB 2.6%/15.6 dB 2.0%/16.9 dB 1.0%/20.0dB

F4GFSK (AMBE) OpenSky® 5%/9.0 dB 3.5%/15.3 dB 2.5%/16.4 dB 1.3%/20.1 dB TETRA (25 kHz) 5%/8 dB 4%/12.0 dB 2%/16.0 dB 1%/18.0 dB Tetrapol 5%/4.0 dB 1.8%/14.0 dB 1.4%/15.0 dB 0.85%/19.0 dB 1Static is the reference sensitivity of a wireless detection sub-system (receiver) and is comparable to 12 dB

SINAD in an analog system 2 DAQ-2.0 (not shown) is comparable to 12 dB SINAD equivalent intelligibility, DAQ-3.0 is comparable to 17 dB SINAD equivalent intelligibility 3 DAQ-3.4 is comparable to 20 dB SINAD equivalent intelligibility, used for minimum CPC for some public

safety entities. 4 DAQ-4.0 is comparable to 25 dB SINAD equivalent intelligibility 5 This is a NPSPAC configuration, 25 kHz channel bandwidths, but 12.5 kHz channel spacing. 20 dB

ACIPR receivers assumed 6 A wide IF bandwidth assumed as part of a migration process 7 A narrow IF bandwidth is assumed after migration is completed. 8 Reduced deviation for NPSPAC requirement. These values were obtained from the manufacturers and should be verified with the manufacturer prior to usage. VSELP values represent worst case, low speed.

• Static C/N @ reference sensitivity• Faded C/N for 3 different channel performance (DAQs)•Future changes due to new vocoders•Definition of DAQs


NTIA/Industry Canada Requirements• Non standard offset frequencies• Method of determining ACRR for cross border

situations• Different interference level Criterion

IndCan = 6 dB below receiver’s thermal noise floor• Consider a different view of ACPR/ACRR

TSB-88 application allows generation of different views Allows looking at offsets other than fixed values of TSB-

88 Compares modulation to a family of the recommended

filters to determine the closest value for worst case compared to TIA specification

Provides simple method to estimate receiver ENBW Requires converting the ACPR to ACRR Can also interpolate the ACPR Tables for the fixed offsets


Offset Frequency ACPR for various Receiver ENBWWide Analog FM ± 5 kHz Peak Deviation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

02,5

005,0

007,5

00

10,00

0

12,50

0

15,00

0

17,50

0

20,00

0

22,50

0

25,00

0

27,50

0

30,00

0

Offset Frequency in Hz

AC

PR (d

B)

Victim Rcvr ENBW

16.0 kHz

12.6 kHz

11.1 kHz

9.6 kHz

7.8 kHz

5.5 kHz R

75 dB ACRR

To convert ACPR to ACRR subtract 4 dB C/N for Wide Analog FM5 dB for NPSPAC 7 dB C/N for Narrow Analog FM

All Victim ENBW based on Butterworth 4-3 except 5.5 kHz RRC

603-C requirement

603-C OCR


Offset Frequency ACPR for various Receiver ENBW Narrow Analog FM ± 2.5 kHz Peak Deviation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

02,5

005,0

007,5

00

10,00

0

12,50

0

15,00

0

17,50

0

20,00

0

22,50

0

25,00

0

27,50

0

30,00

0

Offset Frequency (Hz)

AC

PR (d

B)

Victim Rcvr ENBW16.0 kHz12.6 kHz11.1 kHz9.6 kHz7.8 kHz5.5 kHz R45 dB ACRR65 dB ACRR

To convert ACPR to ACRR subtract 4 dB C/N for Wide Analog FM7 dB C/N for Narrow Analog FM7.6 dB for P-25 Digitial (C4FM)


TIA 603-C ACRR requirement


Offset Frequency ACPR for various Receiver ENBWC4FM P-25 Modulation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


AC

PR (d

B)

Victim Receiver ENBW16.0 kHz12.6 kHz11.1 kHz9.6 kHz7.8 kHz5.5 kHz R60 dB ACRR


102.CAAA ACRR requirement

To convert ACPR to ACRR subtract: 7.6 dB C/N for P-25, 4 dB for Wide Analog FM, 7 dB C/N for Narrow Analog FM


Offset Frequency ACPR for various Receiver ENBWSecurenet DVP (12 kbps)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


AC

PR (d

B)

16.0 kHz12.6 kHz11.1 kHz9.6 kHz7.8 kHz5.5 kHz R

Securenet ACP with 4-3 TIA Butterworth Filter

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Frequency (kHz)

Mag

nitu

de (d

B)

DVP SPD

But 2 Filter

Power per bin

ACP Integration

65.7 dB ACPR

11.100 kHz ENBW

25.000 kHz Offset

Other capabilities may

require a narrower IF,

such as DVP, in this example requires 11.1

kHz for 4 dB C/N for 20 dB OCR

ACRR > 60 dB @

25 kHz offset


Estimating ACRR to ENBWACRR (dB) ENBW ACRR (dB) ENBW

12.5 kHz <8 16.0 kHz 15>25 12.4-9.4 kHz15.0 kHz <18 16.0 kHz 30>40 12.4-9.4 kHz25 kHz ≥75 16.0 kHz ≥78 12.4-9.4 kHz

ACRR (dB) ENBW ACRR (dB) ENBW12.5 kHz 20 dB OCR 12.6 kHz ≥25 11.1 kHz15.0 kHz N/A25 kHz ≥75 16.0 kHz ≥77 12.6 kHz

ACRR (dB) ENBW ACRR (dB) ENBW ACRR (dB) ENBW12.5 kHz 45 9.4 kHz ≥50 7.8 kHz ≥60 <6.0 kHz15.0 kHz 65 9.4 kHz ≥70 7.8 kHz ≥72 <6.0 kHz25 kHz

ACRR (dB) ENBW12.5 kHz ≥60 <6.0 kHz15.0 kHz ≥70 <6.0 kHz25 kHz ≥80 <6.0 kHz

P-25 Digital (C4FM) 12.5 kHz Channel

Wide Analog (± 5 kHz Peak Deviation) 25 kHz Channel

NPSPAC Analog (± 4 kHz Peak Deviation) 25 kHz Channel

Narrow Analog (± 2.5 kHz Peak Deviation) 12.5 kHz Channel

•Red values are TIA requirements, based on TIA methods of measurement and B 4-3 filter characteristics (conservative)

ENBW values may be lower than the minimums shown•Values of ACRR >75 dB are less useful due to limited dynamic range of measured data files


TSB-88-B Spreadsheets on CD

• Analog FM 2.5 kHz Peak Deviation (AFM 2.5kHz Dev.xls)• Analog FM 4.0 kHz NPSPAC (AFM 4kHz Dev.xls)• Analog FM 5.0 kHz Peak Deviation (AFM 5kHz Dev.xls)• C4FM Project 25 (C4FM.xls)• DIMRS-iDEN® (DIMRS-iDEN.xls)• EDACS® Narrow Band (EDACS-NB.xls)• EDACS® Narrow Band (EDACS-NPSPAC.xls)• EDACS® Narrow Band (EDACS-WB.xls)• F4FM TDMA-2 (F4FM.xls)• Linear Simulcast Modulation (LSM.xls)• OpenSky® F4GFSK (F4GFSK.xls)• Securenet, 12 kbits/sec CVSD (Securenet.xls)• TETRA (Tetra.xls)• Tetrapol (Tetrapol.xls)• Astro Widepulse, (Widepulse.xls)

• Additional spreadsheets for Wideband data systems are being developed for TSB-88.1-C.

• SAM, IOTA, DataRadio and RD-Lap


ACPR Offsets

A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 B-2 -

119.0

dBm

B-3 B-4 B-1

1 2

3 4

6 5

Case Block A to Block B 25 kHz Plan Offsets

30 kHz Plan Offsets

1 Narrow to Narrow A(4) - B(1) 6.25 kHz 7.5 kHz 2 Narrow to Medium A(4) - B(1-2) &

Medium to Narrow A(3-4) - B(1) 9.375 kHz 11.25 kHz

3 Medium to Medium A(3-4) - (B(1-2) 12.5 kHz 15.0 kHz 4 Narrow to Medium A(3) - B(1-2) &

Narrow to Wide A(4) - B(1-4) 15.625 kHz 18.75 kHz

5 Medium to Wide A(3-4) - B(1-4) & Wide to Medium A(1-4) - B(1-2) 18.75 kHz 22.5 kHz

6 Wide to Wide A(1-4) - B(1-4) 25.0 kHz 30.0 kHz

4

5

2 •11 combinations•Tables of results in TSB-88•Evaluate Source SPD against Victim’s receiver•Determine Victim’s ENBW based on its own modulation


Spreadsheets Contain:• Calculator for ACP for the different filters

• Square• Butterworth (P-C)

▪ 10-4▪ 5-4 (special case)▪ 4-3

• RRC• Charts calculator results for each filter• Graphs the TSB-88 Tables for all offsets• P-25 C4FM example


Sample C4FM TSB-88 Table6.25 kHz Offset ACCPR 15.625 kHz Offset ACCPR 7.5 kHz Offset ACCPR 18.75 kHz Offset ACCPR

ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-35 21.31 21.11 21.17 20.61 5 84.30 84.17 84.21 84.08 5 31.45 30.77 30.99 29.81 5 87.43 87.39 87.40 87.34

5.5 19.44 19.44 19.48 18.88 5.5 83.48 83.50 83.50 83.38 5.5 28.96 28.62 28.73 27.64 5.5 87.13 87.05 87.09 86.946 18.26 17.98 18.07 17.18 6 82.89 82.83 82.85 82.68 6 26.88 26.71 26.82 25.51 6 86.70 86.61 86.64 86.51

6.5 16.79 16.49 16.67 15.45 6.5 82.19 82.20 82.22 81.94 6.5 25.49 24.74 25.05 23.46 6.5 86.10 86.13 86.12 86.067 15.50 14.81 15.08 13.74 7 81.61 81.50 81.56 81.12 7 23.50 22.72 22.99 21.51 7 85.65 85.69 85.68 85.63

7.5 13.64 13.13 13.30 12.12 7.5 80.85 80.72 80.77 80.18 7.5 21.31 20.91 21.04 19.66 7.5 85.30 85.28 85.29 85.208 11.76 11.55 11.68 10.63 8 80.04 79.88 79.96 79.06 8 19.44 19.28 19.40 17.87 8 84.93 84.87 84.91 84.78

8.5 10.52 10.06 10.25 9.29 8.5 79.25 79.01 79.10 77.70 8.5 18.26 17.73 17.95 16.11 8.5 84.60 84.46 84.49 84.369 9.25 8.73 8.84 8.10 9 78.36 77.95 78.19 76.02 9 16.79 16.10 16.47 14.41 9 84.04 84.06 84.06 83.93

9.5 7.59 7.52 7.61 7.05 9.5 77.44 76.72 77.00 73.97 9.5 15.50 14.42 14.82 12.81 9.5 83.66 83.65 83.67 83.5010 6.54 6.45 6.52 6.14 10 76.12 75.40 75.67 71.55 10 13.64 12.82 13.10 11.34 10 83.42 83.25 83.28 83.04

10.5 5.72 5.55 5.55 5.34 10.5 74.63 73.97 74.31 68.83 10.5 11.76 11.26 11.54 9.99 10.5 82.85 82.85 82.88 82.5411 4.68 4.77 4.75 4.64 11 73.41 72.35 72.87 65.90 11 10.52 9.84 10.09 8.79 11 82.54 82.45 82.48 81.93

11.5 4.00 4.10 4.09 4.03 11.5 72.06 70.42 71.23 62.89 11.5 9.25 8.54 8.73 7.72 11.5 82.15 82.03 82.07 81.1312 3.53 3.52 3.50 3.48 12 70.47 68.32 69.28 59.85 12 7.59 7.39 7.53 6.77 12 81.72 81.58 81.65 80.02

12.5 2.99 3.01 3.00 3.00 12.5 68.70 66.01 67.10 56.84 12.5 6.54 6.38 6.46 5.94 12.5 81.29 81.09 81.20 78.4513 2.51 2.54 2.55 2.57 13 66.22 63.51 64.81 53.89 13 5.72 5.52 5.53 5.20 13 80.86 80.54 80.68 76.3614 1.75 1.76 1.75 1.86 14 62.10 58.56 59.93 48.18 14 4.00 4.10 4.09 3.97 14 79.71 79.17 79.43 70.9815 1.04 1.14 1.10 1.32 15 56.95 54.07 55.27 42.82 15 2.99 3.01 3.00 2.99 15 78.30 77.25 77.76 64.9716 0.49 0.69 0.63 0.93 16 52.85 49.25 50.93 37.84 16 2.17 2.14 2.14 2.23 16 76.41 74.75 75.47 59.0317 0.27 0.40 0.34 0.65 17 49.23 44.29 46.22 33.24 17 1.34 1.45 1.41 1.64 17 73.77 71.25 72.59 53.4118 0.12 0.22 0.18 0.45 18 44.12 39.92 41.52 29.01 18 0.78 0.93 0.86 1.19 18 71.07 66.80 68.78 48.14

9.375 kHz Offset ACCPR 18.75 kHz Offset ACCPR 11.25 kHz Offset ACCPR 22.50 kHz Offset ACCCPRENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3

5 46.91 46.30 46.59 44.92 5 87.43 87.39 87.40 87.34 5 63.22 62.69 62.94 61.28 5 88.32 88.33 88.35 88.335.5 44.12 43.80 44.00 42.32 5.5 87.13 87.05 87.09 86.94 5.5 60.88 60.16 60.47 58.61 5.5 87.83 87.90 87.89 87.906 42.09 41.22 41.57 39.89 6 86.70 86.61 86.64 86.51 6 58.30 57.63 57.88 56.05 6 87.54 87.50 87.51 87.50

6.5 39.35 39.01 39.13 37.61 6.5 86.10 86.13 86.12 86.06 6.5 55.87 55.30 55.54 53.54 6.5 87.18 87.14 87.14 87.137 37.37 37.04 37.23 35.37 7 85.65 85.69 85.68 85.63 7 53.85 53.12 53.39 50.99 7 86.79 86.80 86.80 86.78

7.5 35.88 35.19 35.43 33.10 7.5 85.30 85.28 85.29 85.20 7.5 51.58 51.14 51.36 48.36 7.5 86.48 86.47 86.48 86.458 33.90 33.20 33.62 30.82 8 84.93 84.87 84.91 84.78 8 49.86 48.93 49.47 45.70 8 86.20 86.15 86.16 86.13

8.5 32.19 31.07 31.59 28.57 8.5 84.60 84.46 84.49 84.36 8.5 48.20 46.54 47.19 43.08 8.5 85.84 85.85 85.84 85.849 30.03 29.05 29.43 26.39 9 84.04 84.06 84.06 83.93 9 45.66 43.98 44.69 40.54 9 85.57 85.57 85.56 85.56

9.5 27.89 27.03 27.45 24.30 9.5 83.66 83.65 83.67 83.50 9.5 43.12 41.57 42.20 38.08 9.5 85.27 85.30 85.31 85.2910 26.06 24.97 25.55 22.29 10 83.42 83.25 83.28 83.04 10 40.98 39.39 39.85 35.66 10 85.07 85.04 85.05 85.04

10.5 24.57 23.03 23.55 20.37 10.5 82.85 82.85 82.88 82.54 10.5 38.07 37.38 37.82 33.29 10.5 84.76 84.80 84.80 84.8011 22.24 21.25 21.64 18.54 11 82.54 82.45 82.48 81.93 11 36.73 35.37 35.95 30.97 11 84.58 84.57 84.56 84.57

11.5 20.39 19.61 19.95 16.78 11.5 82.15 82.03 82.07 81.13 11.5 34.86 33.26 34.06 28.71 11.5 84.32 84.37 84.35 84.3412 18.86 17.94 18.40 15.12 12 81.72 81.58 81.65 80.02 12 33.10 31.18 32.02 26.55 12 84.14 84.17 84.17 84.11

12.5 17.48 16.23 16.86 13.57 12.5 81.29 81.09 81.20 78.45 12.5 31.45 29.14 29.93 24.47 12.5 84.01 83.96 83.99 83.8613 16.16 14.59 15.22 12.14 13 80.86 80.54 80.68 76.36 13 28.96 27.05 27.92 22.49 13 83.84 83.75 83.79 83.6014 12.76 11.48 11.99 9.64 14 79.71 79.17 79.43 70.98 14 25.49 23.15 23.98 18.81 14 83.37 83.31 83.34 82.9415 9.97 8.82 9.16 7.61 15 78.30 77.25 77.76 64.97 15 21.31 19.70 20.39 15.55 15 82.85 82.82 82.84 81.7316 6.97 6.71 6.85 5.98 16 76.41 74.75 75.47 59.03 16 18.26 16.27 17.18 12.71 16 82.44 82.31 82.34 79.2017 5.09 5.08 5.09 4.67 17 73.77 71.25 72.59 53.41 17 15.50 13.04 13.91 10.31 17 81.85 81.78 81.82 75.0118 3.81 3.87 3.87 3.68 18 71.07 66.80 68.78 48.14 18 11.76 10.23 10.88 8.32 18 81.32 81.21 81.28 69.90

12.5 kHz Offset ACCPR 25.0 kHz Offset ACCPR 15 kHz Offset ACCPR 30 kHz Offset ACCPRENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3 ENBW Ch BW RRC But-10-4 But-4-3

5 72.95 72.72 72.85 71.88 5 88.64 88.68 88.68 88.67 5 82.91 82.93 82.95 82.78 5 88.10 88.06 88.08 88.075.5 71.31 71.07 71.22 69.70 5.5 88.33 88.27 88.32 88.21 5.5 82.33 82.17 82.23 81.95 5.5 87.76 87.68 87.68 87.706 69.80 69.04 69.38 67.23 6 87.94 87.80 87.82 87.77 6 81.44 81.37 81.41 81.07 6 87.25 87.35 87.32 87.38

6.5 67.77 66.80 67.09 64.58 6.5 87.24 87.35 87.32 87.36 6.5 80.66 80.52 80.58 80.11 6.5 87.10 87.06 87.07 87.107 65.00 64.50 64.84 61.85 7 86.92 86.97 86.95 87.00 7 79.78 79.63 79.70 79.04 7 86.77 86.84 86.83 86.83

7.5 63.20 62.03 62.56 59.11 7.5 86.64 86.65 86.65 86.68 7.5 78.89 78.71 78.78 77.72 7.5 86.66 86.61 86.64 86.568 60.87 59.48 60.05 56.40 8 86.37 86.38 86.39 86.37 8 77.92 77.59 77.81 76.14 8 86.48 86.34 86.38 86.30

8.5 58.30 57.07 57.54 53.70 8.5 86.17 86.10 86.12 86.08 8.5 76.84 76.29 76.52 74.24 8.5 86.08 86.07 86.06 86.059 55.87 54.77 55.25 50.98 9 85.86 85.82 85.84 85.80 9 75.42 74.92 75.13 72.00 9 85.71 85.80 85.78 85.81

9.5 53.85 52.69 53.10 48.24 9.5 85.56 85.54 85.55 85.54 9.5 74.00 73.45 73.75 69.44 9.5 85.54 85.57 85.55 85.5910 51.58 50.50 51.10 45.53 10 85.24 85.28 85.27 85.29 10 72.79 71.77 72.26 66.63 10 85.34 85.36 85.35 85.39

10.5 49.85 48.14 49.03 42.88 10.5 85.00 85.05 85.03 85.05 10.5 71.19 69.78 70.53 63.70 10.5 85.18 85.18 85.18 85.2011 48.20 45.62 46.66 40.29 11 84.79 84.83 84.82 84.83 11 69.72 67.64 68.48 60.71 11 85.01 85.00 85.01 85.02

11.5 45.66 43.15 44.17 37.78 11.5 84.67 84.62 84.63 84.61 11.5 67.72 65.29 66.25 57.73 11.5 84.88 84.84 84.85 84.8412 43.12 40.89 41.73 35.33 12 84.47 84.42 84.44 84.41 12 64.97 62.77 63.93 54.77 12 84.70 84.67 84.67 84.68

12.5 40.98 38.79 39.50 32.96 12.5 84.28 84.22 84.24 84.20 12.5 63.19 60.27 61.48 51.87 12.5 84.46 84.52 84.51 84.5213 38.07 36.75 37.50 30.66 13 84.06 84.03 84.04 84.01 13 60.87 57.85 59.01 49.02 13 84.37 84.37 84.36 84.3714 34.86 32.50 33.61 26.33 14 83.62 83.65 83.65 83.63 14 55.87 53.40 54.43 43.57 14 84.08 84.08 84.08 84.0715 31.45 28.35 29.49 22.39 15 83.32 83.30 83.29 83.24 15 51.58 48.57 50.13 38.47 15 83.83 83.80 83.82 83.7916 26.88 24.35 25.50 18.84 16 82.93 83.00 82.99 82.71 16 48.20 43.65 45.36 33.74 16 83.59 83.53 83.54 83.5217 23.50 20.82 21.76 15.71 17 82.70 82.71 82.73 81.70 17 43.12 39.32 40.71 29.40 17 83.22 83.27 83.26 83.2518 19.44 17.33 18.44 12.99 18 82.55 82.41 82.45 79.57 18 38.07 34.98 36.59 25.44 18 82.98 83.02 83.01 82.98


Sample Spreadsheet GraphicC4FM, 25 kHz Channelization Offsets 12.5, 9.375 & 6.25 kHz

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Victim Receiver ENBW (kHz)

AC

PR (d

B)

12.5 kHz offsetCh BWBut-10-4RRCBut-4-39.375 kHz offsetCh BWBut-10-4RRCBut-4-36.25 kHz offsetCh BWBut-10-4RRCBut-4-3

4 graphs•Small offsets, 25 kHz plans (shown)•Large offsets, 25 kHz plans•Small offsets, 30 kHz plans•Large offsets, 30 kHz plans


Conclusions• Wide receivers are the most susceptible

Need to evaluate in both directions• Narrow Analog and P-25 have similar interference

characteristics Minor difference is due to minor different sideband energy

• Obtaining non-ambiguous ACRR specifications is critical for frequency coordination Identify the modulation from emission designator ACRR at Offset allows estimating ENBW Current TIA methods of measurement

• 7.5 kHz offsets are impractical for interleaving with older radios

• Current 800 MHz NPSPAC rebanding provides opportunity to create additional spectrum usage Repack using worst case actual Source into Victim ENBW

rather than current adjacent 12.5 kHz 40 dB / 25 dB


Frequency Coordination using ACPR Methodology

• Use Emission Designator to determine the modulation

• Determine ENBW of victim based on ACRR or recommendations in TSB-88

• Determine the ACPR for the combination to be evaluated, source Tx into victim Rx

• Reduce the ERP of the source Tx by the ACPR Alternatively reduce the contour criteria by adjacent

channel ACPR• Evaluate resultant Talk out service area reliability

due to co and adjacent channel interference sources Monte Carlo Equivalent Interferer


Desired Signal

IMSignal(s)

Co-Ch, Adj-Ch, & OOBE Power

Other Noise

Goal is to control the co-channel, adjacent channel, OOBE, IM power and the receiver’s own internal noise to achieve the desired ratio of desired signal to the composite power of the undesired signals and their effects for the desired level of performance.

Margin for Reliability

Performance Requirement

Aggregate Noise & Interference

Requirement C/(I+N)

Numerous Interference Sources


Margins for Mitigating Interference

Probability of Achieving Required C/I verses Mean C/I as a Funcation ofLocation Lognormal Standard deviation (does not include C/N requirement)

0.1

1

10

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

C/I (dB)

Inte

rfer

ence

Pro

babi

lity

(%)

1086.55.65

This margin plus capture is required, for 5% and 7dB capture requires 25.7 dB for = 8 dB. Public Safety uses 1% [NPSPAC band]

N

NPSPAC Example•Co-channel 35 dB C/I based on 1% interference at contour & 7 dB capture = 33.4 dB, rounded to 35 dB.•Adjacent channel 15 dB C/I + 20 dB OCR (25 dB ACRR) produces 40 dB effective C/I•Multiple sources•Different RPC definitions of Jurisdiction vs. Service Area


Joint Probability, Noise & Interference

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Probability of Interference [%]

Join

t Pro

babi

lity

[%]

90%91%92%93%94%95%96%97%98%99%

To achieve 90% in the presence of 5% Interference requires a C/N reliability of ~93.5%


• Monte Carlo is preferred way to obtain statistical factors Tested Equivalent Interferer method against Monte Carlo

method Excel spreadsheet For 30,000 throws per test, Monte Carlo results were typically

within 1% of Equivalent Interferer Spreadsheet results• Monte Carlo

Determine the median signal levels. Draw from a Gaussian Distribution with the median value at the

predicted level for each variable (Roll the dice) Repeat the process thousands of times for each point being

calculated The probability is then determined by the number of successes

divided by the number to tests (rolls), e.g. 5000 tests, with 4800 successes is 4800/5000 = 96% probability of achieving the desired criteria

• Additional margins required for confidence level Best for Interference and Simulcast predictions

Monte Carlo Simulations


Monte Carlo Interference Simulation

MeanIntf 2

MeanDesired

Monte Carlo Simulation•For each draw, pass if: C / (I + N) ≥ CPCs Cf/(I+N), otherwise fail•Accuracy increases with increased number of draws•Tile Probability = % Pass/# draws•Adjacent Channel(s) simulated by reducing source ERP by the ACPR value.

C

I2

Interferer 2

Desired

Tile

MeanIntf 1

Interferer 1

I1


Potential NPSPAC Repacking Improvements during rebanding

• ACPR improvements (assumed 25 dB in original deployments) based on 20 dB OCR P-25t P-25r (use 65 dB) ≥40 dB

Improvement P-25t NPSPAC12.6r (32.5 dB) 7.5 dB Improvement NPSPACt P-255.5 r (57 dB) ≥30 dB Improvement NPSPACt P-257.8 r (46 dB) ≥20 dB Improvement NPSPACt NPSPACr (25 dB) No Change

• Allows closer adjacent channel reuse• Requires RPC acceptance and involvement,

could be controversial in a particular RPC


Additional TSB-88B capabilities• Propagation models

Favors those used by most manufacturers

• Acceptance Testing Detailed Definitions for testing Statistical Theory for determining

number and size of test locations Interference Topics


Next Release(s)• Anticipate sometime in late 2007• Breaking “88C version” into four documents

TSB-88.1-C Performance & Frequency Coordination TSB-88.2-C Propagation (Possible new model) TSB-88.3-C Acceptance Testing and Interference

Mitigation TSB-88.4-C Broadband (combines elements of the

3 above exclusive to broadband• Adding Wide Band elements in 88.1 & 88.3


Contact TSB-88• [email protected]• Post questions on document• Answers by:

Bernie Olson (Past chair & editor) Tom Rubinstein (Current chair & editor)

• Technical Appendix to the Best Practices Guide http://www.apcointl.org/frequency/project_39/

downloads/Interference_Technical_Appendix.pdf

mailto:[email protected]




Example SINAD vs C/N for various IF BandwidthsCarrier Squelch Deviation,Static Condition

3

12

21

30

39

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Static Carrier to Noise Ratio (C/N dB)

SIN

AD

(dB

)

± 5 kHz,Wide IF± 2.5 kHz,Medium IF± 2.5 kHz,Narrow IF

Example of Static SINAD vs. C/N for various IF ENBWs

Narrower IFs require a higher C/N due to additional distortion


Offset Frequency ACPR for various Receiver ENBWNPSPAC FM ± 4 kHz Peak Deviation

Offset Frequency ACPR for various Receiver ENBWNPSPAC FM ± 4 kHz Peak Deviation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Offset Frequency (Hz

AC

PR (d

B)

16.0 kHz12.6 kHz11.1 kHz9.6 kHz7.8 kHz5.5 kHz R

TIA 603-C 20 dB

OCR ACRR

Documents

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