W. - Springer978-1-4899-2519-0/1.pdf · Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601 Australia. Borst, Alexander W. Max-Planck-Institut fUr Biologische Kybernetik Spemannstrasse 38 D-7400 Tubingen

PARTICIPANTS

Acharya, S. Arunan Balakrishnan, Rohini Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental

Research, Bombay-5, India.

Bijlani, V. Bij lani (Mr.) Department of Anatomy All India Institute of

Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 India.

Blest, A. David Developmental Neurobiology Group Research School of Biological

Sciences The Australian National University P.O.Box 475 Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601 Australia.

Borst, Alexander W. Max-Planck-Institut fUr

Biologische Kybernetik Spemannstrasse 38 D-7400 Tubingen 1 West Germany (F.R.G.).

Bult, R. Laboratorium voor Algemene

Natuurkunde Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Wester:singel 34 9718 CM Groningen The Netherlands.

Carlson, John Department of Biology Kline Biology Tower Yale University P.O.Box 6666 New Haven CT 06511-8112 U.S.A.

Chauhan, H.G. Homi Bhabha Auditorium Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay-5, India.

Chopra, Maninder S. Centre for Cellular and Molecular

Biology Hyderabad-500 007.

Datta, Sumana Department of Biology Kline Biology Tower Yale University P.O.Box 6666 New Haven CT 06511-8112 U.S.A.

Deshpande, Seema Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay-5, India.

Elepfandt, Andreas Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz D-7750 Konstanz West Germany (F.R.G.).

Fernandes, Joyce Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay-5, India.

Fischbach, K.-F. Institut fur Biologie III Schanzlestrasse 1 D-7800 Freiburg im Breisgau West Germany (F.R.G.).

Gayatri, Archana Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay-5, India.

Geethabali Department of Zoology Bangalore University Bangalore-560 056, India.

603

Gopina th, G. Gopina th (Mr.) Department of Anatomy All India Institute of


Gopinathan, Asha Department of Neurobiology SUNY, Stonybro3k N.Y.11794-52.30 U.S.A.

Gotz, Karl G. Max-Planck-Institut fur biologische

Kybernetik, Spemannstrasse .38 D-7400 Tubingen West Germany (F.R.G.).

Gupta, Anil Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Hardie, R.C. Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 .3EJ U.K.

Hausen, Klaus Hausen, Marguerite Zoologisches Institut der

Universitat Koln 5000 Koln 41 West Germany (F.R.G.).

Hendrickson, Anita E. Department of Biostructure &

Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.

Hensler, Klaus Zoologisches Institut der Universitat Basel Rheinsprung 9 CH-4051 Basel Switzerland.

Horridge, G. Adrian Centre for Visual Sciences Research School of Biological

Sciences The Australian National

University P.O.Box 475, Canberra City, ACT 2601 Australia.

604

Jarvilehto, H. Department of Zoology & Department of Physiology University of Oulu Linnanmaa SF-90570 Oulu Finland.

Jallon, J'.M. Laboratoire de Biologie et

Genetique Evolutives du CNRS F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France.

Joshi, Swati Kakeri M.M. Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Kankel, Douglas R. Department of Biology Kline Biology Tower Yale University P.O.Box 6666 New Hacen CT 06511-8112 U.S.A.

Kasaiah, A. Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara University

Post Graduate Centre Kavali-524 202 District Nellore, India.

Kenkare, U.W. National Tissue Culture Facility Zoology Department Poona University Pune, India.

Kokila, S.K. Department of Zoology Bangalore University Bangalore-560 056, India.

Krishna Prasadan, T.N. Department of Biosciences Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar .388 120 Gujarat, India.

Kucheria, K. Department of Anatomy All India Institute of


Lobo, Cheryl Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


McKay, R. Departments of Biology & Brain

and Cognitive Sciences E 25-435 Massachusetts Institute

of Technology (MIT) Cambridge MA 02139, U.S.A.

Mehra, Raj D. Department of Anatomy All India Institute of


Mistri, Rashid Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Mizunami, Makoto Department of Biology Faculty of Science 33 Kuushu University Fukuoka 812 Japan.

Nassel, Dick R. Department of Zoology University of Stockholm Svante Arrhenius v. 14-16 s-106 91 Stockholm Sweden.

Nilsson, Dan -E. Department of Zoology University of Lund Helgonavagen 3 S-223 62 Lund Sweden.

Paranjpe, Jaishri Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Parelker, M.A. Public Relations Officer Tata Institute of Fundamental


Pfluger, Hans -Joachim Freie Universitat Berlin Institut fUr Neurobiologie Konigin-Luise-Strasse 28-30 D-1000 Berlin (F.R.G.).

Pinto, Ludwin Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Pollak, George D. Department of Zoology The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712-1064, U.S.A.

Ponder, Betty M. School of Graduate Studies & Research University of New Brunswick P.O.Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B. Canada E3B 5A3.

Premani, Chetan Raghuram, V. Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Raj ashekhar , K.P. C/o. Prof. J.L.Wilkens Department of Biological Sciences The University of Calagary 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calagary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada.

Ramamohan, Y. Electron Microscope Laboratory Department of Neuropathology National Institute of Mental Health

and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore-560 029, India.

Ramaswami, Mani Division of Biology California Institute of Technology Pasadena Ca 91125, U.S.A.

Redkar, V.D. Rodrigues, Veronica Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Rospars, Jean Pierre Laboratoire de Biometrie Institut National de la Recherche

Agronomique Route de Saint-Cyr F-78000 Versailles, France.

Rudolph, A. C/o. Dr. R.C.Hardie Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ U.K.

605

Subberwal, U. Deapartment of Anatomy All India Institute of


Sakai, Hiroko M. National Institute of

Basic Biology Okazaki 444 Japan.

Sakai, Masaki Department of Biology Faculty of Science Okayama University Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1 Okayama 700 Japan.

Sasira Babu, K. Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara University

Post Graduate Centre Kavali 524 202 District Nellore, India.

Seabrook, William D. School of Graduate Studies University of New Brunswick P.O.Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B. Canada E3B 5A3.

Shanbhag, Shubha R. Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Shikata, Ayako Shikata, Yoshihiro Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Nagoya University Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464 Japan.

Siddiqi, Ashya Siddiqi, Obaid Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Siddiqui, Shahid S. Laboratory of Molecular Biology Toyohashi University of Technology Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 440 Japan.

Singh, Aalok R. Singh, Kusum Singh, R. Naresh Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


606

Singh, Satpal Department of Biology The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A.

Sinha, Anindya Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Sivasubramanian, P. Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Bag Service No. 45111 Fredericton, N.B. Canada E3B 6E1.

Sood, Rashmi Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Srinivasan, M.V. Centre for Visual Sciences Research School of Biological Sciences The Australian National University P.O.Box 475, Canberra City A.C.T. 2601 Australia.

Strausfeld, Camilla Strausfeld, N.J. Division of Neurobiology Arizona Research Laboratories 611 Gould-Simpson Science Building The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721, U.S.A.

Sur, Mriganka Department of Brain and Cognitive

Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Ma 02139, U.S.A.

Sz~l, Agoston Semmelweis University of Medicine Laboratory I of Electron Microscopy H-1450 Budapest, IX. Tuzolt6 Utca 58, Hungary.

Venard, Renee Laboratoire de Biologie et Genetique

Evolutives du CNRS F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Venkataramana, N.K. Department of Neurosurgery National Institute of Mental Health &

Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore-560 029, India.

Vijay Sarthy, P. Department of Ophthalmology,

Physiology and Biophysics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.

Vishwas Sarangdhar Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental


Wadhwa, Shashi Department of Anatomy All India Institute of


White, Kalpana Department of Biology Brandeis University Bassine 235 Waltham, Massachusetts 02254 U.S.A.

Zeil, Jochen Lehrstuhl fur Biokybernetik Universitat Tlibingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28 D-7400 Tiibingen West Germany (F.R.G.).

607

GLIMPSES OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONFERENCE

Fig. 1. Left to Right. (a) J.P.Rospars, S.R.Shanbhag, K.Singh, S.D. Deshpande. (b) A.G.Gayatri, S.N.Joshi, R.J.Mistri, M.C.Arunan, L.Pinto. (c) D.R.Nassel, D.-E.Nilsson. (d) J.Zeil. (e) R.N. Singh, M.A.Parelker. (f) S.S.Siddiqui, K.G.Gotz, A.Elepfandt, A.Szel. (g) V.Sarangdhar, M.Sakai, H.M.Sakai. (h) A.Siddiqi, G.D.Pollak, O.Siddiqi, C.Strausfeld. (i) M.Sur, C.Lobo, R.Sood, S.Acharya.

609

Fig. 2. Left to Right. (a) J.M.Paranjpe, A.Gayatri, L.Pinto, M.Jarvilehto. (b) R.Bult, S.Datta, K.White, D.R.Kankel, J.Carlson. (c) A.Kasaiah, K.Sasira Babu, Y.Ramamohan, N.K.Venkataramana, K.P.Rajashekhar, Geethabali. (d) V.Bijlani, Mr. Bijlani, A.Hendrickson, V.Kucheria. (e) K.F.Fischbach, K.Hausen, A.Borst, J.Zeil. (f) D.E.Nilsson, A.Elepfandt, H.J.Pflliger.

610

Fig. 3. Left to Right. (a) S.D.Deshpande, G.A.Horridge, R.N.Singh. (b) G.A.Horridge, R.N.Singh. (c) 1st row: H.G.Chauhan, K.G.Gotz, K. Hausen. 2nd row: J.Fernandes, R.Balakrishnan, A.Gayatri, J.M. Jallon, R.J.Mistri. 3rd row: Y.Raghuram, R.Sood, C.Lobo, J. Paranjpe. (d) 1st row: K.Hensler, A.Szel. 2nd row: A.Borst, A. P.Gupta, M.M.Kakeri, V.D.Redkar. (e) S.D.Deshpande, S.R.Shanbhag, R.N.Singh. 2nd row: M.Jarvilehto, K.Hausen, A.Elepfandt. (f) 1st row: G.D.Pollak. 2nd row: G.A.Horridge, G.Gopinath, S.Wadhwa. 3rd row: D.A.Blest, U.W.Kenkare, P.Vijay Sarthy, K.Singh. (g) P. Vijay Sarthy, R.Mehra, A.Hendrickson, S.N.Joshi, L.Pinto, C.Premani. (h) R.Venard, M.V.Srinivasan, S.S.Siddiqui, V.D.Redkar,G.A.Horridge, A. Elepfandt. (i) R.McKay, A.Gopinathan, T.N.Krishna Prasadan, S.Datta, M.C.Arunan.

611

Fig. 4. Left to Right. (a) G.A.Horridge, R.Mckay. (b) A.Borst,M.

612

Mizunami. (c) R.C.Hardie, J.Zeil. (d) M.V.Srinivasan. (e) H.M.Sakai. (f) D.R.Kankel. (g) K.Hausen, R.N.Singh. (h) G.D. Pollak, J .M.Jallon. (i) M.Ramaswami. (j) K.Hensler.

Fig. 5. Left to Right. (a) M.Jarvilehto. (b) M.Sur. (c) S.Wadhwa. (d) N.J.Strausfeld. (e) D.A.Blest. (f) K.-F.Fischbach. (g) J.Carlson. (h) V.Rodrigues. (i) K.P.Rajashekhar. (j) H.J. Pfliiger.

613

Fig. 6. Left to Right. (a) A.Shikata, B.J.Pflliger, M.Sakai. (b) S.D.

614

Deshpande, C.Lobo, S.R.Shanbhag. (c) M. Hausen, M.Sakai, A. Gayatri, S.R.Shanbhag, H.M.Sakai, C.Strausfeld. (d) A.Gayatri, S.Datta, C.Lobo, K.Singh, A.Shikata. (e) A.Rudolf, H.M.Sakai, R.Sood, K.Singh, U.Subberwal. (f) R.Sood, K.Hensler, A.Sinha, J.Carlson, T.N.Krishna Prasadan, S.Acharya, K.P.Rajashekhar, S.K.Kokila. (g) M.A.Parelker, D.A.Blest, Y.Shikata, A.Gayatri, A.Borst, R.C.Hardie, S.Singh, S.N.Joshi, S.D.Deshpande, P. Vijay Sarthy, K. Singh , R.N.Singh, M.Sur.

INDEX

ACh (Acetylcholine), 38 Acuity (see also Sampling)

in arachnid eye, 164 in crustacean eye, 125-129 in insect eye, 54

Acute zone, 126-129, 337 Acoustic fovea (see Auditory space,

central representation of) Activity staining (see Deoxyglucose) Acoustic centers, 475-477 Adipokinetic hormone (see AKH) AKH-immunoreactive neurons, 306 Amacrine cells (see Local

interneurons) Antenna

ablation, morphological effects of, 336, 391

developmental ·staging of, 390 mutants of, 411-417 receptors on, 327, 328, 377-382

Antennal lobes, 328-332, 355-357, 388-394

comparisons with vertebrate, 332-336

glia cells in, 328-329 neurons of, 329-330, 337, 339 organization in, 328, 329-330 subunits of (see glomeruli)

Antenniform legs, 594-600 Antibodies

for developmental studies, 232, 243, 313

in photoreceptor identification, 35, 270, 275, 276-291

for neuroanatomy, 38, 243, 295, 297-314

Aphrodisiacs, 381-383, 398

Apposition (see Compound eye) Aspartate, 38, 267-268 Auditory pathways

structural organization of, 475-477, 480-485

Auditory perception psychophysiology of, 499-505

Auditory space aural representation of, 478-

480, 486-488 frequency representation of, 477 overrepresentation of, 476 spatial representation of, 488-493

Axons developmental defects of, 176,

247, 251 Behavioral analysis

in auditory perception, 470-471 of copulation, 519-522 of depth/ distance perception, 102-

105, 134-135, 145 of gustation, 441-443 of motion perception, 86-93, 99-105 in olfaction, 377, 397 of target choice, 146-152 of visual course control, 88, 99-

105, 131-133, 140, 144-146, 531-534

Behavioral mutants, 172, 196, 292, 377, 411, 413-417, 419-420, 443-446

Centrophobia, 150-152 Cerci, 336,

role in copulation, 524-527, 529-530

structure of, 336, 525

615

Chemoreceptors (see also Antennae and Gustatory receptors), 328, 377-382, 384, 428, 439

Chromosomes (see Compound chromosomes) Cochlea

central representation of 475-478 resonance frequency of, 471 structure of, 471

Cochlear neurons tuning of, 473-475

Color sensitivity of screening pigments, 17

Color vision, 155-157, 275-276, 278-291

in insects, morphological basis for, 323-324, 326, 327

Compound chromosomes in mutant analysis, 420-421,

423-425 Compound eyes

apposition type of, 17, 322 environmental specializations in,

124-129 in flight control, 532 neural superposition type of, 322 optics of, 20, 109, 133 organization of, 321, 322 predictive coding by, 28-29 superposition type of, 18, 20, 322

Cones, transmitters in, 268-269 Copulation

behavioral sequences of, 522-523 sensory perception of, 520-522

Corpora pedunculata (see Mushroom bodies)

Course control, 531-549 circuitry for, 549

Deoxyglucose ([3Hj2-deoxyglucose) labelling, 335, 392-394

Depth perception, 99, 126, 129, 134-136, 145

Descending neurons, 341 in course control, 337, 534-536 multimodality of, 342, 575 structure of 340, 534

Development of lateral geniculate, 219-228 of neocortex, 237-238

616

of nematode CNS, 242, 244-263 Developmental analysis

use of antIbodies in, 232, 243, 313

use of brain mutants for, 172-190, 195-200, 203-216, 247-259

Directional sensitivity in lateral line, 509-510 in mechanosensory appendages

(see also Cerci), 336 in vision, 11, 12-14, 92, 98, 120,

338 Distance discrimination

in echolocation, 470-471 in vision, 101-105

Dopaminergic neurons, 301 Doppler effect, 470

Echolocation, 469-471 EMDs (elemental motion detectors)

13, 108, 111 contribution to wide-field neurons

by, 112-115 pooling of, 115-120 spatial integration by, 90-93 stimulation of, 110 temporal integration by, 89

Enkephalin in nociceptive pathways, 569-577

Eye glow in moths, 19, 20-21

Eye movement, 3, 129, 129, 157, 164, 166

spatial orientation in, 130, 134 Eyes (see also Compound eyes)

in arachnids, 155-169 in coelenterates, 2 in crustaceans, 124-126, 129-133 in insects, 7-14, 17-22, 23-29,

126-129, 321 in onychophorans, 4 in polycheates, 2 in vertebrates, 278-290

Figure-ground discrimination in vision, 103-105, 325 in auditory (acoustic) perception,

471 Fixation (see Flight control)

Flight control circuitry for, 549 direct muscles for, 141 horizon detection in, 536-539 head movement's role in, 539 identified neurons for, 324, 533-

536, 545-549 object fixation in, 140, 145 visual tracking in, 140

Flight simulation, 141-143, 533 Flow fields, 14, 97 FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons,

301-306 FMRFamide-related substances, 303-

306 GABA, 38, 221, 334, 567, 575-577

Gamma-amino-butyric acid (see GABA)

Genes (see also Neurological mutants) isolation of, 172-173

Genetic mosaic analysis, 175, 197, 198 Glomeruli

cell types in, 330 development of, 369-371, 390 design of, 338, 342, 388 choline uptake by, 390 in insect antennal lobes, 328, 338,

341-342, 355-371 uniqueness of, 335, 362, 366, 412 size and position constancy of,

357-361, 389 in insect visual system, 338, 341 mechanosensory relationships with,

335,390 monoclonal staining of, 390 odor coding by, 387-390, 392-394

(see also Deoxyglucose labelling)

quantification of, 357-361 as taste centers, 433-436 in vertebrate olfactory bulb, 333

Glutamate, 38, 268 Gustatory receptors, 428

specific identification of, 427, 429-432

Gustatory neuropils, 430-435

Head movements in course control, 539-543 in distance estimation, 98

High acuity zone (see Acute zone) H1-cell (see Motion detection) Histamine, 35-37, 269-270

receptors for, 36 Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP)

chemospecific staining with, 428 5-HT (Serotonin), 38, 297

in descending spinal pathways, 575-577 in insect optic lobes, 299-301

HRP (see Horseradish Peroxidase) Illusions, 147, 149 Image motion, 5 Inferior colliculus

as acoustic center, 475-485, 490-493

ascending projections to, 480-481 binaural representation in, 481 structure of, 476-477

Ion channels, 37, 419, 439, 442, evolution of, 460-461 genetic analysis of, 449-463 mutants of, 449

Ion channel genes cloning of, 449-459

Interaural intensity disparity, 481-486,487

Intraocular transplants (see also Development, of neocortex), 231, 232-237

Labellum, 428, 439 Labial palp (see Labellum)

sensory cells of (see Gustatory receptors)

Lamina (see also Optic lobe) glia barriers in, 67-68 glia types in, 328-329 lateral interaction in, 34, 54,

61-63, 66-68 neurotransmitters in, 35, 309 pharmacology of, 35-39 physiology of, 25-35, 59-63

LMC (lamina monopolar cell), 23-25, 54

signal transformation, 27-31, 60 synaptic transfer to, 29-31, 65-66

LMC conductance, 31 LMC responses, 27, 32-34

617

Landing response, 86-88 spatial integration in, 90-92

Lateral geniculate, 219-228 Lateral inhibition (see Lamina,

lateral interaction in) Lateral line

and auditory system, 514-516 central projections from, 511-513 function of, 509-511, 513-514 structure of, 507-509

Lobula (see Optic lobe) Lobula plate (see Optic lobe) Local interneurons, 300, 301, 323-

324, 330, 388, 558-564 Lumbar neurons (see Development,

of nematode CNS) Maps (see also Retinotopy)

of auditory pathways, 475-477, 488,490-494

in mechanosensory neuropils, 336, 556

in motion detectors, 113-115 in olfactory system, 336, 343

Macroglomerulus (see Sexual dimorphism, olfactory system)

Mechanoreception during copulation, 524-530 in escape reactions, 336 in flight control, 543-545 in locomotion, 556-565, 584-587

Mechanoreceptors functional integration of, 336, 558-564 multiple innervation of, 585, 596 peripheral synapses of, 597 roles in reflex behavior, 558 somatotopy of, 336, 556 types of, 556-560, 582-589

Medulla (see Optic lobe) Molecular genetics, 199-200, 262 Monopolar cells (see LMCs) Motion detectors (see EMDs), 7, 13-15 Motion detection

by acoustic system, 470 distance discrimination in, 101 object/background segregation in,

6, 103-105 parallax, 135 pooling in, 115-120 range estimation by, 99-101 relative movement in, 4, 99, 144

618

wide-field neurons in, 107 resolution of, 14

Motor neurons control of, 547-550, 558-564 circuitry of, 261, 563

Movement detection, 88, 89 behavioral tests for (see Behavioral

analysis) color insensitivity in, 7, 102, 324 of horizon, 536-538 models of

addition type of, 10 gradient type of, 8 Reichardt type of, 9, 88 subtraction type of, 10 summation type of, 12

spatial integration in, 90-93 temporal integration of, 89

Movement direction, 15, 115-117, 536-539

velocity in, 5, 10, 93, 99 Multimodal convergence, 335, 344,

535, 543-546 Mushroom bodies, 337, 343-344 Mutants (see Neurological mutants)

Nematode eNS, 241 neural circuitry of, 260-261

Neuroactive substances in insect vision, 297

Neurogenetics applications of, 171-173

Neurological mutants isolation of, 172, 197, 198, 247,

413-416, 421-425 types of, 144, 173-188, 196, 207,

242, 247-259, 391, 439, 443-446

temperature sensitivity of, 204, 422

Neuromast organs (see Lateral line, structure ot)

Neuropeptides, in insect neurons, 306-309

Neurotransmitters in insect visual system, 297 in photoreceptors, 25-39, 267-270,

298 putative in lamina, 25-39 release at LMC, 29

Nociception, 567-577 neuropils involved in, 569-573

Nociceptive pathways development of, 569-577

Non-spiking local interneurons (see Local interneurons)

Ocelli in course control, 532 L-neurons

functional analysis of, 73-80 responses of, 66, 73, 77-80

Odor coding (see Glomeruli) Object detection, 15, 103 Olfactory lobes (see Antennal lobes) Olfactory bulb in vertebrates, 332-

336 Olfactory mutants, 379, 412-413, 424 Ommatidia (see Compound eyes) Optics

in compound eyes, 133-134 telescopic principle in, 155

Optic cartridges, 54 Optic lobe

cell types in, 24-26, 54, 181-188, 309, 322-325

development of, 174-179 lamina physiology of, 25-39 lamina structure of, 24-25, 54,

309 transmitters in, 25-39, 297 lobula of, 184-187, 304, 309-312 lobula plate of, 107, 183, 324 medulla of, 184-187, 309-312, 323 medulla layering in, 312 mutants of, 179

Optokinesis, 131-133 (see also, Eye movement)

Optomotor responses, 97 (see also Behavioral analysis of motion perception)

Optomotor neurons (see Motion detection)

Parallel processing in mechanosensory system, 564 in olfactory system, 343-344 in visual system, 11, 324-325,

337

Pheromone production genetic control of, 403-405

Pheromones in behavior, 328, 334, 398-403 biosynthesis of, 405-408 detector systems for, 382-384 isolation of, 398-399, 400-402

Photo receptors electrical responses of, 55, 59 gap junctions of, 26 noise in, 29, 56 organization of, 2-5, 124-129,

164-169, 320, 322 signalling by, 26, 27, 55-59 synapse of (see Synaptic transfer

to LMC) transfer functions of, 64 transmitters in, 36-37

Pigment (see Screening pigment) Predictive coding

in insect vision, 28-29 Proprioceptors

in flight control, 539-543 Pupil

control of, 17-22 significance, 21-22

Receptors, central representation of (see Maps)

Reflex control of in locusts, 555-564 circuitry for, 563

Retina of arachnids (see Tiered retinae) of birds, 278, 284 of insects (see Compound eyes) of mammals, 279-283, 286-291 mosaic organization of 278-291

(see also Acute zone) physiology of, 26, 27-31 of reptiles, 278, 284 spike analysis of, 45-50

Retina-lamina projections, 24, 322 Retinotopy, 24, 107, 321, 322-324

Screening pigment migration of, 17, 18, 21-22

Serotonin immunoreactivity (see 5-HT)

619

Semantics in auditory perception, 499-504

Sexual dimorphism in olfactory system, 328, 330,

364-366, 380 in visual system, 337

Sexual specificity in behavior, 334, 337, 382 of olfactory molecules (see also

Aphrodisiacs) in neural networks, 334, 337,

338-340 Sampling, 7-9 Signals

coding of, 55-57 processing in ocelli, 81 transformation of, 77-80

Spikes analysis of, 44-51

Spiking local intemeurons (see Local intemeurons)

Stereopsis, 126 Synapse

formation of, 262 of compound eye

in lamina, 54 of receptor-LMC, 65-66

Synaptic noise, 31 Synaptic transfer

in insect lamina, 29, 30-31, 60, 65-66

Superposition (see Compound eyes) Systems analysis, 55-59

Target recognition by acoustic system, 473

Taste receptors, (see Gustatory receptors)

Taste organ (see Labial palp) Tiered retinae

color-sensitive organization in, 159-160

embryogenesis of, 159 evolutionary aspects of, 160-163,

165-169 light guiding in, 164

Tonotopy (see Maps) Tracking (see Flight control) Transmitters (see Neurotransmitters)

620

Velocity detection, 6, 7-9 Visual pigments

antibodies against, 275, 277, 284-289

in color vision, 275, 276 Visual systems (see also Eyes)

ecological adaptations of, 124-129

neuronal design of, 297, 298, 309, 322-329

theoretical design of, 4-14, 27-29, 57-59

Wave localization (see also Lateral line Function), 510-511

central representation of, 511-513 Wave frequency

directional sensitivity to, 514 discrimination of, 513-514

White noise analysis, 44-47, 56, 73 White noise stimulation, 44, 59, 72

Documents

W. - Springer978-1-4899-2519-0/1.pdf · Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601 Australia. Borst, Alexander W. Max-Planck-Institut fUr Biologische Kybernetik Spemannstrasse 38 D-7400 Tubingen