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ICMR-Naonal Centre for Disease Informacs and Research
Profile of Cancer and
Related Factors- Maharashtra
2021
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Background
Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) include cardiovascular disease (heart attack and stroke), diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. In India, NCDs' are responsible for 63% of the deaths, among which cancers account for 9% of deaths.[1] Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of the body cells in any part, which can spread to other parts of the body. The normal cells in the body are transformed into tumour cells, resulting from an interaction between an individual's genetic factors and exposure to external agents or 'carcinogens'. Many behavioural and environmental risk factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, infections, air pollution, are associated with the risk of developing cancer. Close to half of the cancer deaths can be avoided by the prevention and control of risk factors.[2]
In India, the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) has systematically collected data on cancer since 1981. The NCRP is implemented by National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR) of the Indian Council of Medical Research at Bengaluru. Cancer data is collected through a network of population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs).
The Cancer Fact Sheet presents the epidemiological profile and pattern of cancer in Maharashtra, based on findings from the 'Report of National Cancer Registry Programme 2020' [3]. In addition, related information on the socio-demographic profile, health status indicators and health infrastructure is also presented. These have a significant bearing on the occurrence and outcome of cancer. Methodology used in cancer profile description The cancer statistics presented in Section I are described in terms of cancer incidence, cumulative risk, leading sites of cancer and proportion of cancers in sites associated with tobacco use. These indicators are based on data from 2012-16 and calculated for the Population Based Cancer Registry areas (as shown in Section I). Cancer incidence and cumulative risk are defined as-
(i) Cancer incidence
Crude incidence rate: The number of new cancers per 100,000 persons
Age adjusted incidence rate: The incidence rate a population would have if that population had a standard age structure. It is expressed as the number of new cancer cases per 100,000 population using world standard population.
Cancer incidence rates for childhood cancers are expressed as per million. (ii) Cumulative risk : Cumulative risk (probability that an individual will be diagnosed
with cancer [0 to 74 year old age group] in the absence of any competing cause of death and assuming that the current trends prevail over time).
Maharashtra Profile of Cancer and Related Factors
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The Clinical Extent of Disease at presentation (%) for cancers of selected anatomical sites has been calculated from the three HBCRs under the State. However, this may not be representative for the entire state. Projected incidence of cancer cases is given for the State for the year 2020 and 2025 according to gender using incidence data from the composite period of 2012-2016 was used as a reference. Estimated Age Specific Incidence Rates (ASpR) for the entire State is calculated (for the year 2020).
I. CANCER PROFILE
A. DESCRIPTION OF THE NATIONAL CANCER REGISTRY PROGRAMME IN MAHARASHTRA
PBCRs Establishment
Year Location Coverage Area
Area (in Sq.km)
Urban (%)
Rural (%)
Aurangabad 1978 Indian Cancer Society, Mumbai
Aurangabad City Agglomeration
148 100.0 0.0
Osmanabad & Beed
1987 Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi
2 Districts - Osmanabad & Beed
18262 18.7 81.3
Barshi rural 1987 Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Hospital, Barshi
Rural Area of 3 Taluks namely Barshi from Solapur district and Bhum & Paranda from Osmanabad district
3713 0.0 100.0
Mumbai 1963 Indian Cancer Society, Mumbai
Greater Mumbai / (Mumbai City & Mumbai Suburban District)
603 100.0 0.0
Pune 1972 Indian Cancer Society, Mumbai
Pune City Corporation 613 100.0 0.0
Wardha District
2010 Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram
Wardha District 6309 32.5 67.5
Nagpur 1980 Indian Cancer Society, Mumbai
Nagpur City Agglomeration
237 100.0 0.0
Nagpur rural
2020 R.S.T. Regional Cancer Hospital & Research Centre,Nagpur
Rural areas of Saoner and Nagpur rural of Nagpur district
1228.93
0.0 100.0
Hospital Based Cancer Registry: Reports on the clinical profile of patients availing of care at a specific hospital
Number of Hospitals: 5
Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Research Institute, Mumbai
Kolhapur Cancer Centre, Kolhapur
Pravara Institute of Medical Science, Loni
Rashtra Sant Tukdoji Regional Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur
Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
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CANCER INCIDENCE AND RISK
Average Annual number of Incidence and rates per 100,000 of all ages
Age adjusted Incidence rates (AAR) of childhood cancers per million
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Cumulative risk of developing cancer of any site in 0-74 years of age group
B. Leading Cancer Sites
Five Leading Sites of Cancers
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Proportion (%) of Cancer Sites associated with the use of tobacco
C. Clinical Profile
Clinical Extent of Disease at presentation for cancers of selected anatomical sites
Males
Females
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D. Projected Incidence of cancer cases for 2025
Estimated Age Specific Incidence Rates (All Sites -2020)
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II. CANCER RELATED INFORMATION
A. Socio-demographic profile [4]
(a) Population Total 11,23,74,333 Males 5,82,43,056 Females 5,41,31,277 Gender Ratio 929
(b) Literacy Rate Total 82.3 % Males 88.4 % Females 75.9 %
B. Health Indicators
(a) Life Expectancy (2016)[5] Males 65.3 years Females 69.3 years
(b) Proportion of total disease burden from NCDs' [5] 63.1 %
(c) Proportion of NCDs' Medically Certified Deaths – Neoplasms[6]
9.7 %
(d) Prevalence of cancer related risk factors
Prevalence of current tobacco use (smoking and/or smokeless)-in adults over 15 years of age[7]
Total 26.6 % Males 35.5 % Females 17.0 %
Prevalence of alcohol use in males and females (age 15-49 years) [8] Males 13.9 % Females 0.4 %
Proportion of consumption of dark green leafy vegetables at least once a week in males and females from 15 to 49 years of age [8]
Males 89.9 % Females 89.5 %
Proportion of consumption of fruits at least once a week in males and females from 15 to 49 years of age [8]
Males 52.6 % Females 55.4 %
Proportion of households using clean fuel for cooking [8]
79.7 %
Proportion of households reporting exposure to second hand smoke [8]
26.6 %
Proportion of overweight/obesity in males and females (age 15-49 years) [8] Males 24.7 % Females 23.4 %
(e) Prevalence of other NCDs' [8] Hypertension (age 15-49 years)
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Males 24.4 % Females 23.1 %
Raised random blood glucose level (age 15-49 years) Males 13.6 % Females 12.4 %
C. Health Infrastructure
(a) Government health facilities[9]
Sub-centres + Health and Wellness Centres – Sub
Centres (HWC-SCs)
10668
Primary Health Centres + Health and Wellness
Centres - Primary Health Centres (HWC-PHCs)
2366
Community Health Centres 401
District hospitals 23
(b) Number of medical colleges[10] 57
(c) Regional / Tertiary Cancer Care Centres [11],[12]
Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai (RCC*) Rashtrasant Tukdoji Regional Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Nagpur
(RCC*/TCCC***) Government Medical College, Aurangabad (SCI**) Vivekanand Foundation & Research Centre, Latur (TCCC***)
(d) State Government Health Schemes[13]
Integrated Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Jan Arogya Yojana (MJPJAY) and
Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Matri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY)– Covers Medical Oncology, Paediatric Cancer, Radiation and Surgical Oncology
*Regional Cancer Centre **State Cancer Institute ***Tertiary Cancer Care Centre
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References:
1. WHO: World Health Statistics 2019: Monitoring Health for the SDGs. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2018
2. WHO. Preventing cancer. Available on: https://www.who.int/activities/preventing-cancer.
3. Report of National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR-NCDIR), Bengaluru, India 2020. https://www.ncdirindia.org/All_Reports/Report_2020/default.aspx
4. Census 2011. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
5. India: Health of the Nation's States — The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative. New Delhi: ICMR, PHFI, and IHME; 2017.
6. Office of the registrar general, India. Government of India, Report on medical certification of cause of death 2018
7. Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Global Adult Tobacco Survey GATS 2 India 2016-17.
8. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. National Family Health Survey (NFHS 5), State Factsheet- Maharashtra, 2019-20: India. Mumbai:IIPS
9. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. 2017. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16: India. Mumbai: IIPS.
10. Government of India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Statistics Division. Rural Health Statistics, 2018-19.
11. National Medical Commission. (www.nmc.org.in) 12. Press Information Bureau (https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1576623) 13. National Cancer Control Programme
(https://main.mohfw.gov.in/Organisation/Departments-of-Health-and-Family-Welfare/national-cancer-control-programme)
14. Government of Maharashtra, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Jan Arogya Yojana (MJPJAY) (www.jeevandayee.gov.in)
Suggested citation :
Profile of cancer and related factors: Maharashtra (ICMR-NCDIR), Bengaluru, India 2021
Contact Information The Director, ICMR – National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research Nirmal Bhawan, ICMR Complex, Poojanhalli Road, Off NH-7, Adjacent to Trumpet Flyover of KIAL, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru – 562 110, India. Tel: 080 – 2217 6400 | Email : [email protected] https://www.ncdirindia.org/ @ncdirindia
www.ncdirindia.org @ncdirindia ncdirindia
ICMR - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research
II Floor of Nirmal Bhawan, ICMR ComplexPoojanhalli Road, Off NH-7,
Adjacent to Trumpet Flyover of BIALKannamangala Post Bengaluru - 562 110. India.
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