Form Nrr 1STL.S 10~'' \W"-

fJN1TEIISTA'I I S DLPAR1'MI:YT 01- 1'316 1 NTF.K101< N A T I O N A L PARK SERVICE

FOR NPS USE ONLY

I I NATIONALREGJSTER OPHISTORlCPtACES ~ SECELVEO

IWENTOWY -- NOMI!+lAmoN FORM D A T E 1 - EPJTEHEO - -.-.--- A ' SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETENATIONAL REGISTFd FORMS !

7YPE ALL ENTRIES - - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS

NAME H1STORIC

Rose land Manor -- AND/OR COMMON

w ~ - - - ~ - - ~ - Approximately 303' S o t Strawberry Ranks Loulevard; epproxin~ately STREET& MUM B ~ R

200' N of Haimpton Roads; approximately 700' E of confluence of rn Johns Creek and HampEon Roads.

G ------ -HOT -- FOR PU B U t A " " " llUPl - CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL UISTAICT

Hampton - VICIN~~Y OF F i r s t (Paul S. T r i b l e , Jr .1 STATE CODE COUNW COD€

V i r o i n i a 51 t i n city) 650

CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS ,DISTRICT , PUBLIC ,OCCUPIED

x-BUILDINGI~ KPRIVATE ECINOCWPIEI) -STRUCTURE - -BOTH -WORK IN PROGRESS

,st7 F PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE -OBJECT -It4 PROCESS -YES PESTRICTEO

-BEfNG CONSlDtRED _YES. UNRESTRICTED

-NO

PRESENT USE

JIGAICULVJRE ,MUSEUM

KOMM ERUAL -PARK

I O U C A T I O M A L - P R I V A T E RESIDENCE

,CNTERTAINM EN1 ,RELIGIOUS

-GOVE RMMENT -SCIENTIFIC

J N D U STRIAL -1RANSWRTATlON

,.MILITARY -OTHER

S OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME

' Mr. ' ~ i l i i h ' F e r g u s o n , Jr. -- -- STR€€T& NUMBER

Strawbarry Banks, Post Office Box 3268 CliY TOWN STATE

IIarnp t on - v~c~hlrn of

COURTHOUSE, REGlSTPf OF DEEDSEX Hampton City Hall STREET & NUMBER

Ct W. TOWN STATE

Hamp ton Virg in ia

REPRE SENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS (2) ( s e a continuat ion Shest //I)

TITLE

(1) l i istosic h~er ican Bui ld ings Survey Inventory D A T E

1969 *. XFEDEAAL ATATE -_COUNTY -LOCAL

OE POSITOW FOR

s U R V E Y ~ ~ ~ f l o s Libcar1 of C o r t t s s - --

ClTY TOWN STATE 1 - Washington --- D. C*

7 I

DESCRIPTION

CHECK ONE CHECK ONE

DESCRIBE I ' H t FH =SENT AND OHIGINAL (IF K ~ ; ~ S W N ) PHYSICAL APPkARANtE

Roseland PSanoris achateauesqtle, Queen Anne-style residence situated on a w e l l - landscaped es ta te overlooking aamptan Roads harbor. Erec ted in 1886-7, the hrick structure is a three-story , aspmetrically planned house covered by mu1 ti-gable and h i p roofs and set on a brick foundation.

The west facade is laid in common bond and is dominated by t w o pavilions, both of three stories, The central pavfl ion is d i v i d e d into trro s~ctions; the f irst consists of a two-story bow front. In i t s first s tory isan alliptical-arch entrance flanked by s i d e l i g h t s . The second story of three bays contaias m u l t i-paned-over-single-paned, hung-sash windows flanked by s i d e l f g l ~ ~ s . The second sect ion consists nf a Palladian-type wiadow containiug stained and leaded glass. The pavilion is covered by a gable roof with a low-relief carved s tone a d a l l ion contained in c11e p e d k e n t . V i sual coherence is achieved through t h e use of coursed cobblestone, providing a marked contrast to the brick, The pavi l ion is complemented by a project ing threa-story bay t o t h e south. The bay consists of multi-paned-over-sing1e-paned,hmg-ss3h windows covered by a gabled pediment. A r e c e s s e d three-story bay of hung-sash windov..r scpara tes t h e cen t ra l ~ a v f l i on from a two-bay pavilion t o the nor th . The f irs t story of the northern pavi l ion contains paired semi-cf rcdar arched windows Kith pronounced archivolc trin. The second story consists of paired, multi-parted-ov2r-_.; inale-paned , hung-sash winduus: . nit: third story is a i d l a r l ~ treated. A gable roof covers the pavilion.

The hip-ronf ed south elcvation conta ins a rhree-story, central pavilion housing what was formerly the garden entrance. Thc first-story entrancz consists of an arched, transom-lit double doorway flanked by multi-paned, hung-sash sidelights. The composition arhi-eves visual unity througI~ p a i r e d pilasters and pronounced archivolt trim. The second story cnnsists of n central door f l a n k e d by 6J6 h l ~ ~ g - ~ i ~ s h windows, the who1.e flanked by pllas ters supportfng an e l l i p tical arch w i t h pronounced archiwlt: trim. Molded hri rk zrosctres ornatnent the spandrel. This arch has been filled in; it or ig ina l ' l y was a loggia opening onto a second-floor gallery. The third story consists of a double window sur- munted by a sed-circular arched sunburst cantainsd with in a gable w i t h low-rclicf ~ c u l p Lure.

Palred hung-sash windows are contatned on a l l three stories to the. west of t h e p a v i l i o n . To the east of the paired fanlight doorways provide access to the f i r s t fxoor. The second f l o o r consists of two irregularly spaced doorways which formerly opened to a secnnd-floor balcony, The. third-f loor fenestratiort c o n s i s t s of a multi- l i ~ h t casement window, A molded brick cornice runs the l eng th of the e l eva t ion . A three-story , circular turret projects from the southeast corner of t h e building.- F'enes t ration consists of paired, m~lti-~aned-over-sin~le-2~~~dr hung-sash windorgs , It :<horlld be noted t h a t originally tile elevacfon was dominated by an extensive balcony that covered two stories. The conical roof on the tower has been removed, along with a semi- exterior end w a l l chfnmay. A circular, two-tiered detached porch o f t w o stories stood to thc west of tlle seaside elevation.

The east elevation contains architectural elenents simil,ar to those found on the west arld souch. The elevation is dominated by a three-story pavi l ion covered by a hip roof. The pavi1.ion 's first s t o r y contains paired semi-circular arched t ranscm-lit cntrics with rmlti-paned glsss doors, A wooden stair, not original t o thc building, leads to one opening. The th ird s t o r y contains a gabled dormer w i t h paired multi-paned-over- single-paned , hung-sash windows. (See Continustion Sheet #l)

i-oim fro i ' r 300a Meu 1V 131

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 1 INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM LlhTE FNTEHFD *-. ----,. --- 1

ti X I 1 ELI S'T47'tS ?IEP.-XK'I'trlEhl'OE THE 1 N'IEKlOR 'FOR NPS USE ONLY

Roseland Manor, Hampton, Virginla I

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

COhlTL NUAT ION SHEET 61 ITEM NUMBER 6 , 7 PAGE 1

RECEIVED . . 1

6. REPRESENTAT IOS IN EXISTING SURVEYS I (2) Virginia lllstoric Landmarks Cormniasian Survey

1968 S t a t e Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission 221 Governor Street Richmnd , Virgin f n 2 3714

DESCRIPTION ---

The gable wall surface is covered with imbricated shtngles. The pediment contains a low-carved relief medallion similar to that found on the n ~ r t ' h elevation. Fenestration t o the south of the pavilion consists of mfilti-paned-over-singla- paned, hung-sash windows. A gabled dormer is found on t h p th ird story, The s u r f a c e o f the w a l l plane is broken at the southern corner byan irregularly angled three- story bay which cbuta an exterior end chimney.

The north elevation continues to follow t h e irregularity of the preceding elevetions. The wall surface 1s d i v i d ~ d . inyo throe distinctly otcpped p l a r l r s . A sense of visual cohesion is ac.hicved through the smmetricnl order of the fenestra- ti of^. The windows on the f :Lest: and second storics conslut 01 mulli-paned-over- singlc-paned hung sash, Thtrd-story windows vary in size, The roof line is broken by an o r lg ina l semi-interfor end chimney and t w o gabled dormers. A tun-bay enclosed entry porch with a gable roof is i'ound on the first fluus,

f i e i n t e r i o r plan af Roseland IIanor has becn a1 tesed, but the original s t a i r hall hau been p r e s e r ~ c d . The hall is dominated by an open-well Queen Anne srair, which runs from t h e first f loor to t h e a t t i c . The oak s t - a j ~ bas p a n ~ l e d newels, turned balusters, nnd a f i n e l y molded haadzsL1. P a r a l l e l i n g [.he stair is oak- paneled wainscot w i t h paneled dado. The wainscot runs th roughout the first-floor hall to the second f loor . The principal roams of the hnnce are Located off the s t a l r hall and vary in size according to function. The a r ~ h i t ~ e c t u r a l character of the rooms vas changed in the 1920s, when t h e h w s e #as extensively remodeled. The principa 1 rooms now contain Neo-Cetjrgl an mantels w i t h sinply molded architrave surrounds.

bsefand Fknor has always been noted f o r its grounds and gardens. The harbor elevation contains carefully landscaped box, which lead to the water. A more formal box court is found to the easr of the main h~use. The graur~ds surrounding the house con ta in a variety of old and majest ic trees.

[ S e e C o n t i n u a t i o n Sheet #2)

0 SIGNIFICANCE

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE - - CHECK AND JUSTIFY &FLOW

,ARCHEOLOGY HISTORIC - CONSERVATION , IAYJ

-AGFitCUPTURE - F ~ N O O A I ~ S ,I tTlnATVPE

L ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -EUUCATIOIJ -MI LITAHY

,.ART ,ENGl NEERIt4G MUSK

-COMMERCE - ~ P L O ~ A ~ ~ N / ~ E ~ T L E M E N Y ,PHILDSUPHY

-COMMUNlCATtONS ANDUSTRY ,POI!TIWGOVGRNMENT

-1 NVENT.ON

--SCULPTURE ,---

s o c ~ a W W W H k w k I

.-1llEATE R

,..I RAMSPORTATlOhl 1 -0 rHER (SPEUFYI

SPECIFIC DATES 1886-7 BUILDEWARCH ITECf Arthur Crooko

SIATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Located overlooking Hmpton Roads, Roseland Manor is a prominent exawple of Chateaueqque Queen Anne-style nrchitectuce. Built by t h e Phoebus family in 1886-7 after the designs of the architect Arthur Crooks, the house is a symbolic representation of l a t e 19th-century wealth and grandeur,

Harrison Phoebus, owner of the famed Hygeia Potel at Old Point comfort, purchased a tract of 300 acreskn~wn as t h e Segar Farm at Stra~berry B ~ n k s on llawptan Roads in 1873. E e c s u s e of his extensfve civic consributions to the area, Chesapeake City was renamed Phoebus in his honor. Phcebus n a w d h i s estate Roseland and began planncng the present structure early in the 1880s. Phoebus employed Arthur Croaks of W e w Park as src13itect.

Of English b l r t h , Crooks immigrated t o America shortly before t h e C i v i l War. A f t e r the was, he was a draftsman in Rtchard iTpjohnrs New York office, Fullowlng the deach of Upjahrt, Crooks established h i s own office and dis t inguished himself as an ecclesfas tical and residential architect ,

The l o c a l contrac t for the Suilding of RoseXznd, was awarded to C, T. Rollzclaw and was S.n the amount of $25,000. It: was reported that The or ig ina l furnishings also cost I

$25,000. P h n ~ b u s died uncxpcctedly f r r 1886 and d i d not 15ve t o see the campletion of h i s !

house. llis d d o w , Hrs. Annie fhaebus, finished the howe and l i v e d r h g e untT1 her death i fn 1306. In 1919 Roseland was sold t o Mr. & Mrs. Clarence Kenyon of Hew York. During !. t h e i r nwncrship, thc house was extensively renovated and remodeled. In 1956 the property "

was sold to Wf llriarn Perguson , Jr . , the present owner. I ' A t the tiua ft was built, wcal.thy cllenrs like the Pho~buses were commissioning

lavish summer homes a[ varluus poinrs Cfl the East Caast, t h e best-knawn assemblage being at I

Newpox t , Rhode Island. These c l ients , through the shnwcase nature of thcir residertces, I

iliflut.nced the course of American domestic architecture to no small degree. The styles clicsen by the wealrhy eventually fi ltered d o n t o less affluent bui lders and became more i pervasive through emulation. I

Becaase it was suffering t h e hardships of Reconstruction, Virginia saw feu d i sp lays i of conspicuous consumption fn dnmestic nrchit?cture i n r l l u 1870s and 1880s. Raseland khn~r thus is p o s s i b l y a unique survival of wha t was a period of architectural ostehtation '

I elsewhexe in t he nation. k

Fnrm No 10 3Wa IHw 10-741

1131 I T L, STAILS UPPhKThghh 1 01. \'Ilk. IU 3 t-KIUR NATIONAL PARK SEHYlCE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY --NOMINATTONFORM mime 1 Roseland Manot, Haapton, Virg in ia I CQNTf NUATION SNFfiT #2 ITEM NGM BER 9 & 7 PAGE 2 1

9 . ?WJOR BBZBLIDGMHlCfil, REFERENCES - Soldierfs Hume Bulletin. Newpert Yews, Va., July 10, 1886, - Withey, Henry Y. and Elsie .Pathburn. Biographical Dictionary of American

Architects, (Deceased). Los hngcles, 1970, p . 150.

Ths boundary encompasses a ten-acre t ract extending from the f ron t road to the water€ ront . I t contains the qarden, t h n grounds that imed ia t e ly surround the house, and a small mdern structure used £or storage and located s o u t h ~ e s t of t hc house. The e s m f e now houses the 5traw3erry Bank$ Eotur Notel s i tuaked to the east of the manor hause, j u s t olut~ ide of thc Register Luuldary.

CrawEord, Paula, "House with a History Being Readied f a r a New tff e " Virgfninn-'Pilot, Norfolk, Va., Sepimber 18, L976.

s t i Ennis,David. "~ardenersndGhosCsRem~fninBlmoui lousc . Times-Rcra>,NcwportNcvs, Va., April 3, 1977.

! Rogers, Mary I . "Strawberrie Banckes 1607-1963. ' D a l y Press, Newport News. Va. , I November 24, 1953.

Scwtmber 1956 . I S p p ~ P L ) C . # 2

ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPER^ 10 acres UTM REFERENCES

AM ) 3 ) 8 , 2 1 0 , 4 , 0 ) [4,0[9,619,1,0J SLA 3 8 1 9 8 0 1 4 1 _ 6 & 5 ] ~ d ZONE EASTING NOflTkiIhc ZONE EASTIN NORlHlNG

cL~I 131~il1716~0J [4l019,619,0~01 --A --

VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION Tho Roseland Manor acreage being nominated is bounaed by a line hcqinning a t a p i n t on S side of Strawberry Banks Boulevard, approxim tcly 500' N of Hampton Roads harbor and about SCO' W of 1-64; thence extending approximately 350 ' SSW to N shore of said harbor ; &hC3Ice exten3inq abou t RClO' NW along said shore; Lhelice extending approximately 600 ' NNE to 5 s i d e of Strawberry Banks Eauievard, crossing two access mads; thence extending ~ppK0xinBte~y 800' SE aXcng S side o f said boulevard to p w i t ~ t of origin.

-- LIST ALL STATES AN O COUNT1 ES e O R PRO PEFITtES OVEFlLAPPlNG STATE O R COUNTY BOUNDARES

STATE (300E COUNTY COD E

STATE CODE c owwn cam

MME f 7 l T C E

V i r g i n i a HLs t o ~ l c ],,andmarks Cornissf on S t a f f ORGAPlllAPlON

--- V i r g i n i a Mia Loric Landmarks Cumission June 1978 STRE.kT NUMBEH '1 EIEPI! D FIE

271 Covernor Street - _(a04) 784-3143 UTY OR TOWFl STATE

Richnlnnd Virgin ia 23219 4

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFtCANCE OF TH1S PROPERTY WITHIN f HE STATE IS:

MATlOMAL - S T A ~ ~ -&- LOCAL .- - *- -

As t b dvo~gnated S t a t ~ Historic Preseruat~on O f ~=er (01 iha Nat~onal l\~stol!r: Prt5arvsti~n kc? ot 1968 lPubIlc Law 89.6651, 1 egisfer and certify that rr has been eva4uated according to the

TITLE Tucker H i l l , Executive Director . . . Fc.. ts

DATE JUL 1 8 1978 FDR HPS U S t OMLY 1 i .t%,.= PRO= , . c L z , , 4 m o , * , .Fms;,.

---I

9 Mzpped, edit,ed. and pirbl~shed by the Geological Survey 4 Contlai by 1;SGS and U S C R C S i r < I

t9'Op$' To.~)grapb+ by pqofogranrne:rc rndhsdr from z e f - a ! photoprzlhq 'I cl' o" '4 % taken 1963. Fl&d checked 1965

6' Supers?des Alcrly H a p Serv~ce m a 0 dated 1955

Ssmected bydrogra~v lc da!a covpl led f'om LSC&GS Clra-rs 400 11965) and 562 119661 'his ~ r l f o r m a t ~ o i 1s not ~ n t e ~ d e d fo r n a v ~ g a t ~ o n z : purposes

- -I---I i !>d MILS$ Om47'

, I * MILS

U I W SRlD AYD 1870 Y A F U ? t 1 C N09rH OECLINAT!DN AT C E h l C R 3' SUE€'