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VTOL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS in support of
DISTANCE AND ENROUTE CARE
Michael K. Beebe, CDR USNR (ret) USAMRMC TATRC
Fort Detrick, MD
16 January 2013
Disclosure Statement Michael K. Beebe, Thor Buddocks, and all others involved in the planning, development and presentation of this CME activity provide the following Disclosure information:
"Nothing to Disclose"
Disclaimer: “The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author(s) and do not reflect official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.”
Topics
• Who or What is TATRC and Why Should You Care?
• Efforts Across DoD Enabling “Distance and Enroute Care” – The Journey Continues…
• TATRC “Medical Mission Unmanned Aircraft Systems” Related to “Distance and Enroute Care” – Leading the Charge
Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC)
Provide telehealth solutions and executive medical research management to enhance and support military healthcare and promote innovative medical technologies. .
Mission
Vision Be the DoD model for enabling transformational medical research.
Pursuing Insanely Good Ideas for Military Medicine
• Center of gravity for Army telemedicine initiatives
since 1994 and leader for eHealth & mHealth research programs
• Health Information Technology, Training Simulation, and Computational Biology are major research components and integration/lab capabilities
• Research incubator that accelerates R&D for commercial off the shelf products through active assistance
• Uses convergence science, involving transdisciplinary engineering, physics and clinical sciences for military medical problem solving
• Cultivates subject matter expert networks to support and serve as execution agent for Army & Defense Health Program RDT&E initiatives
Science & Technology Scouts for Military Medicine What is TATRC?
A DoD Military Medicine “Skunkworks”
TATRC Remote Solutions Scientific Domain Scientific Domain (Coordinator)
Research Execution Area (Tech Lead)
Focus Areas
Remote Solutions
Robotics and Knowledge Engineering
Robotic & Unmanned enablers for evacuation, Enroute Care and mobile Standoff Diagnostics
Tactical Edge Telemedicine Mobile medical information Exchange at Tactical Edge
Biomonitoring Diagnostic & Treatment Technologies
Sensors, Physiological Monitoring, Diagnostic Tests Technologies for Austere Environments
Special Operations Forces Medical Technology
Integration of lightweight, rugged & secure medical informatics technologies for SOF operators
Why Are We Pursuing Unmanned Systems?
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“We Are Still Loosing People While Trying To Rescue People”
In The Beginning… There Was DARPA & SPAWAR
Then There Was TATRC: UAV – Combat Medic
Collaboration for Resupply & Evacuation (Oct 06)
Proposed as a DARPA project (FY-05) • Feasibility Study & Technology Survey funded as DARPA Seedling “Nightingale”
• Not transitioned to DARPA Project “not technically challenging enough” USAF Requirement (dead) •Unmanned Vehicle System for casualty/KIA recovery from combat and Chem/Bio hot zones
• R&D effort added to the POM in FY-06 MRMC/TATRC SBIR (lives on in TX & AACUS) • OSD06-UM8: UAV – Combat Medic Collaboration for Resupply & Evacuation (Oct 06)
DARPA Transformer (TX) ‘Flying Car’ Program (AACUS) (TATRC Participation)
AAI Team: This vehicle employs Carter Aviation Technologies’ Slowed Rotor/Compound Gyroplane technology for vertical or short takeoff and short landing role operations.
Lockheed Martin Team: This vehicle employs ducted fan technology.
Building First One This FY
ONR Autonomous Aerial Cargo/Utility System (AACUS) (TATRC Participation)
Need: USMC Cargo UAS to rapidly support distributed forces, as an alternative to convoys, manned aircraft and air drops in all-weather, possibly hostile conditions.
Goal: Autonomous approaches & landings for unprepared landing sites, supervised by field operators with no special training, & integration across a variety of unmanned rotorcraft.
Challenges: • Unprepared landing site selection and execution • Dynamic contingency replanning until the point of landing • A supervisory control system that any USMC personnel can
operate • Cultural attitudes • Industry proprietary SW architecture
Deliverables • Compact, modular low cost sensor suite • Precision ops with no specially-trained operator to include
obstacle avoidance and unprepared site landings & recovery in GPS denied settings
• Reliable critical cargo delivery • Additional focus on CASEVAC & eventual
MEDEVAC missions • Flight demonstrations – platform agnostic
Lockheed Martin Team
Aurora Flight Sciences Team
Lightweight Trauma Module (LTM)
Monitoring Oxygen Ventilation and External Suction Device (MOVES)
LS-1
ONR Autonomous Critical Care System (ACCS) (AACUS) (TATRC Participation?)
NATO HFM-184 Technical Panel – “Safe Ride Standards for Patient Evacuation Using UAVs”
(Aug 09 – Aug 12)
NATO Engagement (TATRC Participation)
Draft Report Available On NATO Website
Environmentals (temp, Vibration, acceleration, etc.)
vs. Wound Types, Body Location,
& Severity Data Needed!
VTOL UAS CASEVAC CONOPS (TATRC Led)
VTOL UAV & UGV Casualty Evacuation System (Black Knight)
Autonomous Flight with UGV capability 8 Engine UAV Capable of Carrying UGV, 2 Casualties and Medic
Hovers with Engine Inoperative (World’s First Helicopter to do so)
Ground Mobile UAV with Engines Stowed
Note : this Pilot Optional UAV Casualty Evacuation system has 3 times the internal volume of a Lakota LUH with enough room for 4 casualties or 1 medic and 3 casualties. Hover with engine out ensures occupant safety. Reliable system with
No Complex Mechanisms that standard helicopters use such as transmissions, swash plates or rotors
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CBRN Contaminated Human Remains Recovery (TATRC Phase II SBIR)
UGV: 1-Locates remains, 2-Notifies C2 personnel, 3-Requests UAS, 4-Places remains in container for transport
UAS: 1-Autonomous flight to pickup zone (PZ) using terrain sensors, maps with path planning algorithms
UGV: 1-Places container at pickup zone (PZ)
UAS: 1-Localizes container, 2-Commences pickup operation with aid of UGV, 3-Delivers container to MADCP, 4-Re-tasked or RTB for recovery and decontamination
Concept of Operations
New and Improved…USN Fire Scout (MQ-8C)
What a Great CASEVAC or MEDEVAC Platform!
Naval Special Warfare Development Group
Interested in Small (2 SEALS & gear), Fast, Quiet, VTOL UAS (On-Going Discussions w/ Industry)
Israeli Defense Force Are Serious About VTOL UAS MEDEVAC
Unmanned Systems Are ‘Game Changing’
• Current Use – Extensions of Manned Missions
• Future Use – TBD - Transforming Missions
Piasecki Aircraft AirGeep (1st flew in late 50s)
1960’s TV ‘Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea’ Flying Sub
Déjà Vu All Over Again “Likewise, another school of thought which proclaims the aircraft carrier as the backbone of the fleet is illogical and unsound. To believe that anything as weak and vulnerable as the airplane carrier can replace the powerful and staunch battleship is wrong.” (Our Navy, A Fighting Team, Vice Admiral Joseph K. Taussig) BOMB TEST REPORT HOLDS BATTLESHIP SUPERIOR TO PLANE; "Still the Backbone of Fleet, Bulwark of Sea Defense," Joint Board Asserts. NOT RENDERED OBSOLETE Experiments Showed, However, That Maximum Air Defense Must Be Provided. AIRPLANE CARRIERS URGED Pershing's Summary of Army-Navy Findings Calls Fliers Important but Not Decisive Factors.. (The New York Times, August 20, 1921)
22
General Herr continued to believe that “Cavalry (horse) properly modernized, trained and equipped has a place in modern war.” “The horse has no higher degree of mobility today than he had a thousand years ago. The time has therefore arrived when the Cavalry arm must either replace or assist the horse as a means of transportation, or else pass into the limbo of discarded military formations.” (General Douglas MacArthur, 1931)
What began almost four decades ago as a way to save lives is now one of the most dangerous jobs in America -- deadlier than logging, mining or police work -- with 113 deaths for every 100,000 employees, The Post found. Only working on a fishing boat is riskier. (Washington Post , 21 Aug 09)
FURTHERMORE…“Why can’t I bringa UAV that can lift 1,000 pounds…take it right to their paws, right where they are, bring it right down? How about if a guy is hurt real bad? Why couldn’t I put him in this thing and send him right back home? It’s got to be able to get into some tight spots…” Lt. Gen. Michael Hough, USMC, Deputy Commandant for Aviation, Helicon Conference, Washington, D.C., Nov. 2004 “The Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) has recently been briefed on the Nightingale UAV concept and would encourage DARPA to continue the effort to include development of required supporting technologies and a flight test demonstration of a concept system… The Marine Corps is specifically interested in unmanned Medevac and sustainment operations by UAVs ion an urban environment. This is a capability we would like to see transitioned in both OIF and OEF theaters in the near future.”
Brig. Gen. Conant, USMC, Director, Expeditionary Force Development Center, MCCDC Letter to Dr. Tether, Director, DARPA, 31 May 20`05
DARPA Nightingale Feasibility Study – (2005) General findings: Concept technically feasible Proof-of-concept UAV could demonstrated in 3 years Development cost within typical DARPA project budget Transition to operational capability would be enhanced by:
Service provided support & performance requirements
D. Rousseau, SPAWAR, briefing, 10 May 2005
“Regarding Combat Medic UAV, I am VERY interested… I very much want to get this… (effort) funded. This is an opportunity. I see… key technical hurdles as: (1) autonomous site selection and landing in complex terrain insuring access (airborne/ground) to/from objective; and (2) alighting gear enabling dramatic increase in quantity and proximity of opportune landing sites. Another item is EFFICIENT and/or innovative ground mobility after landing.” D. Newman, DARPA, e-mail to G. Gilbert, USA MRMC, 8 Nov 2007
The capability to fly through urban canyons and deliver supplies and evacuate wounded is great stuff…we should do this…”Please get on my calendar, and come out and brief me on your program’s (Combat Medic UAS SBIR) status.”
Maj. Gen. Terry Robling, USMC, Commanding General, 3rd Marine Airwing, AUVSI Unmanned Systems Interoperability Conference, Oct 07
Endorsements
USJFCOM jMDse JCTD Proposal:
Objective: Joint Medical Distance Support and Evacuation (jMDse) JCTD will demonstrate a comprehensive CASEVAC support capability that will significantly enhance battlefield medicine, provide greater protection for CASEVAC forces, and be a force multiplier for high-demand low-density assets. USPACOM and USSOCOM written endorsements,
22 Aug & Jul 2007
“…would a means to fly in and extract isolated
personnel without putting additional personnel in harms way be of value? The answer to that
question is an obvious yes!”
CWO4 Michael Durrant, USA (ret) Pilot, SUPER SIX FOUR, 160thSOAR
Battle of Mogadishu OPERATION GOTHIC SERPENT
23
Joint Medical Distance Support and Evacuation Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD)
Joint Combat Casualty Care System (JCCCS) - Combat Casualty Care System (CCCS) – integrated medical support systems - Telemedicine System Remote casualty care on land, in air and at sea Extended and enhanced medical support at the point of injury Automated Monitoring virtually connecting point of injury to higher medical echelon of care. Audio, data, and voice communications between First Responder (point of injury) and higher Health Service Support Capabilities (HSSC) Remote monitoring, recording and transmission of vitals; dispense fluids/medicines as needed/ directed by higher HSSC Quick reaction incident response to biological attack/incident
Joint Precision Airdrop System Medical Express (JPADS-MedEx)
Ultra Light Weight (ULW: 250-700 lbs) small medical bundles or equipment delivery Micro Light Weight (MLW: 10-150 lbs) robot/sensor/psyop delivery Integrate in Manned USAF/USMC Platforms: HH-60, CH-53, C-130, C-17, V-22 Integrate MLW in Unmanned Aerial Systems: TIGERSHARK, MAVERICK, etc.
– Develop CONOPS and TTPs for future technical solution (Joint Unmanned UAS CONOPS (JUMC)
– Collaborate with Marine Corps Warfighting Lab (MCWL) and other organizations to deliver JCCCS – Observe other organizations proof-of-concept utilizing a UAS to extract critically injured, but
stabilized personnel from denied/remote areas to a more accessible area – Demonstrate quick reaction response to biological attack scenarios
DoD JCTD of the Year 2011
Notional CONOPS
Load casualty and press GO
HOME
Supervised Autonomous transit from starting point, to pick-up point, to medical unit
4
A. Call for CASEVAC received at Control Center
B. Best UAV is chosen
C. Route is autonomously planned & uploaded
D. UAV is launched
1
Autonomous landing
2 Autonomous collision &
obstacle avoidance
Similar process for: Spec Ops Insertion/Extraction, Combat Rescue, or Logistics
No Fly
Zone
C2
Systems
No Fly Zone 3 A
B
C
D
