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reds at 7 to 8.5 g/l. This puts many in harvest range, and suggests that late varieties might be harvested earlier and at lower acids than normal.

One final observation. Following last week’s rains, the Labrusca varieties (Concord, Catawba and Niagara) were the ones that put on the most berry weight, going from 2.76 to 3.02 g/berry – a gain of 0.3 g/berry. On a Concord vine with 100 clusters and 40 berries per cluster, that translates to 0.8 T/acre higher yield.

Finger Lakes (Hans Walter-Peterson) Harvest is in full swing at this point in the Finger Lakes. A wide range of varieties have been harvested this week, and a few more will get started very soon. To me, noth-ing fortells the coming of fall like the intoxicating smell of Concord grapes in the air as they get close to harvest. While a few blocks have been harvested by now, the bulk of the Concord harvest got started this week with Constellation Brands beginning to receive them. Red hybrids are mostly wrapped up, although there are still some blocks with Foch, Corot noir, Noiret and a few others still hanging.

Loose-clustered Vignoles harvest. This past Monday, the crew at CLEREL laboratory in the Lake Erie region harvested 8 ‘loose-clustered’ vignoles clones, to be vinified at the Vinification and Brewing Laboratory at Cornell AgriTech in Geneva. Thanks to Terry Bates and (left to right) Kim Knappenberger, Teagan Zingg, Vinnie Kane, and Heather Barrett.

Photo by Tim Martinson

Around New York...Statewide (Tim Martinson)Warm night temperatures in September. Its September 21, the date of the fall equinox, and the official first day of Fall. Warm daytime and cool night-time temperatures are a defining characteristic of September in our cool-climate re-gion. If it seems to you like nights have been unseasonably warm this September, the temperature data from Geneva (Table 1) backs you up. To date, our mean temperature in the first 20 days of September is on a par with 2015 (68°), but our night-time minimums are about 2.5°higher. We’ve had only 2 nights below 50° (about like 2015), but more im-portantly -only 7 nights where temperatures dropped be-low 60°. That’s about 6 to 10 days fewer than what we saw from 2014-2017. With cooler temperatures forecast over the few days, temperatures may be headed into a more normal range for the season.Table 1. Average temperatures, nighttime lows, and number of nights below 50 and 60°F from September 1 to September 20 in Geneva NY over past five years.

Year Average Temp.

Average night

Minimum

Nights below 50°F

Nights below 60°F

2014 61.3 51.6 9 162015 68.2 58.8 1 112016 67.8 56.2 5 132017 61.9 53.6 6 172018 68.4 61.2 2 7

Fruit composition. Overall (see fruit composition table p. 6), our sample blocks gained 1.1 °brix (range 0-2.3°), titrat-able acidity fell by -1.1 g/L (range 0-4.4 g/l), and berry size showed slowing growth (0.1 g/berry). Compared to 2017, soluble solids are 0.8 °brix higher (range -4.1 to 3.9 °brix), Titratable acids are lower by 2.6 g/L on average (range 1.4 higher to 7.6 g/l lower). Early-season grapes are seeing smaller changes in brix (+0.8) and TA (-.2 g/L) than Late-sea-son varieties (+1.3 °brix; -2.1 g/L) as expected. All varieties are showing lower TAs than last year at this time, ranging from -1.2 g/L (early) to a whopping -4.1 g/L (late varieties). Average TA across all vinifera varieties is under 10 g/l – with

Statewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #4

September 21, 2018

Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling

Ve ́raison to HarVest

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cluster rot, manifested as mostly sour rot and just a little botrytis. The usual suspects were affected with Gewürztraminer suffering more than others. Incred-ibly, our Pinot Noir was relatively clean for Pinot Noir. Zweigelt, another variety that is sometimes affected by sour rot, was also in decent shape.

We have 35 varieties in the research vineyard. We hand harvest, count clusters, weigh lugs, then take a sample of clusters to count berries. From this, we collect 100 berries for Brix, TA, pH. Consequently, harvest is dic-tated by the weather, fruit integrity and availability of labor. We simply have to space out harvest, we do not have the ability to harvest vast quantities in a short pe-riod. Sometimes this means the fruit is not picked at the optimum time – could be slightly early or slightly late. If that occurs, we note this as we jot down obser-vations to accompany the data.

Table 1 shows our numbers from this past week along with a comment or two. We harvested a few additional varieties but have not yet done the analyses.

Many vineyards are harvesting this week, both by hand and machine. Fortunately, nice weather is pre-dicted through next Monday. The forecast after that currently looks unsettled, though experience dictates that long range forecasts often change.

Most of the Pinot noir and Chardonnay destined for sparkling wines has been harvested, and now those two grapes are starting to be picked for still wine pro-duction. Some early Riesling blocks are starting to get harvested as well for sparkling wine production, and I suspect that some more mature blocks will start to get picked next week for still wine as well.

Although the past week has been fairly rain-free, warm temperatures and higher humidity have helped to keep the pressure on from both downy mildew and bunch rots. The juggling act between harvest and maintaining good disease management on later-ripen-ing varieties is a challenging one, and conditions like these don’t make it easier. Most vineyard blocks are still in good shape, but a few with varieties that are es-pecially prone to bunch rot issues like Vignoles, Pinot and Riesling may end up getting picked earlier than they otherwise would be in order to bring in cleaner fruit.

Inspectors from the Department of Ag & Markets continue to search for any further signs of the presence of spotted lanternfly (SLF) in Yates County. On Thursday, six inspectors met in Penn Yan and fanned out to a few vineyards located near the location of the original SLF finding (see photo). They inspected tree lines around these vineyards for any signs of SLF primarily on host plants like tree of heaven in these areas. Since the initial finding was confirmed last week, we have not heard that any other individuals or egg masses have been found. Hopefully, this one individual managed to catch a ride up from southeast Pennsylvania and left its friends back there, but efforts will continue for at least the next few weeks to try to identify any further signs of it in the area.

Long Island (Alice Wise) The remnants of Hurricane Florence passed through the Long Island region this week, giving us a solid day of wetness. In the research vineyard, the rain plus an abundance of yellow jackets and fruit flies fueled some

Ag & Markets inspectors Bill Ellsworth (left) and Jacqueline Johnson (right) searching for signs of Spotted Lanternfly near a Finger Lakes vineyard.

Photo by Hans Walter-Peterson

Variety °Brix TA, g/l pH Comments

Petite Pearl 22.8 7.4 3.29 Harvested late resulting in major sour rot due to heavy bird dam-age and cucumber beetles from adjacent cucurbit field

Muscat Ottonel 18.3 5.8 3.46 Good quality, always an early ripenerMalvasia Bianca 18.3 8.4 3.18 Modest cluster rot, could have gone another 5-7 days

Auxerrois 18.6 6.4 3.38 Botrytis/sour rot forced harvest (normal for this variety)Dornfelder 15.9 6.8 3.33 Harvested early, no sour rot

Gewurztraminer 3 19.2 6.6 3.36 Sour rot forced harvestPinot Noir 19.9 7.2 3.44 Minimal cluster rot, could have lasted another 5 or so daysZweigelt 18.6 8.4 3.21 ditto

NY 81 .0315.17 20.5 9.0 3.15 Harvested early, could have gone another 7+ days, no cluster rot, good flavors despite early harvest

Table 1. Fruit composition of varieties harvested at the Long Island Horticulture Research and Extension Center this past week

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same weather data despite being 15 miles apart.

While looking for alternative weather data, I stumbled upon a possible new source when a colleague men-tioned a ‘gridded’ weather data set that she was us-ing for her own work with grains. As it turned out, the same internet Web Services that I was using at the Northeast Regional Climate Center (NRCC; nrcc.cor-nell.edu) to access NEWA stations, could be used to access additional weather data sets.

A gridded data set is one in which spatial information is provided on a grid of uniform distances (approxi-mately 5 km x 5 km cells in this case). In theory, the best way to measure data for a gridded data set would be to directly measure variables within each grid cell. But in practice, this is often not possible so the mea-surements within a grid are derived from a combina-tion of direct measurements and interpolations based on multiple locations and/or multiple sources. Even a rigorously gridded model of reality is messy and re-quires approximations.

Using an available set of gridded data, named NRCC Hi-Resolution Grid 3, I compared the two vineyards in question and found that Enigma was modeled as being consistently colder than its nearby sister -- 153 GDDs colder as of September 19. After seeing this, I decided to rerun all of the previous Marquette data using the

Lake Erie (Tim Weigle)

Concord harvest is in full swing in the Lake Erie region. Staff at the Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Laboratory have been busy taking berry samples and report that Brix accumulation is progressing nicely with every block of Concord at CLEREL at, or above, the minimum quality standards of area processors.

The first week of harvest is always a bit slow as growers either wait for larger crops to gain the sugar needed for harvest, or delay harvest in the hopes of taking advantage of the increased prices paid for reaching Brix levels above the standards.

Growers who managed their crop load through pruning, shoot thinning or fruit thinning typically can pick up extra loads in the first couple of weeks.

Production practices developed during the USDA/NIFA Efficient Vineyard project allow grape growers to measure and manage sources of vineyard variation. These practices allow growers to implement spatial crop load management. For more information on the Efficient Vineyard project visit https://www.efficientvineyard.com/

Hudson/Champlain (Jim Meyers)“There is nothing more gray, stultifying, or dreary than life lived inside the confines of a theory.”

-- Jaron Lanier

Last week, our ongoing Marquette data discussion ended with the con-templation that low precision weath-er data might be obscuring vine per-formance analysis.

To date, in all of the writing and re-porting that I have done for Cornell Cooperative Extension, weather data has been derived from information downloaded from Network for En-vironment and Weather Application (NEWA; newa.cornell.edu) weath-er stations. For the most part, any weather statistic for a particular farm was derived from its closest NEWA station -- except when that station was deemed to be missing too much data, in which case the next nearest would be used (and so on).

As discussed in my previous article, this approach to weather reporting led to two Hudson Valley vineyards (one dubbed ‘Enigma’ for its ap-parent non-conformity) sharing the

Figure 1 Regression models using Grid 3 temperature data for Brix, pH, and TA vs GDDs over the four weeks of data collection in several Marquette vineyards thus far

Figure by Jim Meyersn

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2018 Lake Erie Concord Update 9/7/2018

Terry BatesRegular Concord harvest begins this week in the Lake Erie Belt. We are at 100 days after bloom and the fresh Concord berry weight is leveling off. Juice soluble solids in our phenology block have reached 16 oBrix. The 30 Days After Bloom berry weights averaged 1.36 g which was 48% of the 100 Days After Bloom weights. When performing crop estimation at 30 DAB, we as-sume the berries are 50% of their final weight. We will test the accuracy of our mid-season crop estimations as we harvest our research plots with yield monitors (see photo on p. 10).

Grid 3 data to see how the sites would compare. One of the first things noticed was that all of the GDD calcu-lations performed with Grid 3 temperature data were lower than those made with NEWA data (I double checked that both with, and without, my tin foil cap).

I had hoped that maybe Grid 3 data could be used as a default, but augmented with NEWA data if the sta-tion was closer to the farm than its grid cell center. But until more is known about the discrepancies between the NEWA and Grid 3 versions of temperature reality, it seemed best to just use one data set at a time.

Figure 1 (p3) shows regression models using Grid 3 temperature data for Brix, pH, and TA vs GDDs over the four weeks of data collection thus far. Panels A, B, and C show the model fitted to all Brix, pH, and TA data (five sites including Enigma) while also separat-ing Enigma on its own for the purposes of continuing the narrative from last week.

The statistical fit of the current models with Grid 3 data are comparable to the NEWA-based models last week, with a slight improvement in the Brix vs GDD model -- despite Enigma now being included. With four weeks of data now in the regression model, Enigma’s inter-nal models show very strong statistical predictability, with R-squared values all above 0.98.

Panels D, E, and F of Figure 1 reveal that all five vine-yards generally have strong statistical predictability with respect to Brix, pH, and TA vs GDD when ana-lyzed individually. In eastern NY viticultural studies, local site differences such as nutritional status, water status, cultural practices, solar radiation patterns, cov-er crops, and fruit exposure all influence vine perfor-mance and weaken aggregate performance models.

But having said that, the statistical strength of all of the GDD responses shown in Figure 1 are notable consid-ering the vast geographical scale of the sampling area.

Berry Growth curve (Top) and soluble solids accumulation (Bottom) in the Lake Erie Region, compared to the 20-year mean values

Figures by Terry Bates

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Spotted Lanternfly: A Threat to the New York Grape

and Wine IndustryTim Weigle

Spotted Lanternfly (SLF), an invasive planthopper which is firmly entrenched in 13 counties in Southeast-ern PA, has found its way into NY according to a press release from September 11, 2018. The capture of a live adult in Albany has been determined by NYSDEC to be a lone hitchhiker, inadvertently brought back to NY when it entered a vehicle during a visit to the PA quar-antine zone. The Penn Yan capture has been followed up by intensive surveys of surrounding areas for SLF infestations and Tree of Heaven, a preferred host of SLF. At this time no additional SLF have been found.Grapevine is one of the preferred hosts of SLF and its feeding on grape vine trunks and cordons (it is a phloem feeder and does not feed on the grape berries) can lead to a weakening of the vine due to its swarm-ing feeding habit. At 1” long and ½ inch wide, this large insect can cause damage very quickly due to its swarming feeding habit. Reports from southeast PA vineyards indicate that up to 300 SLF adults have been found feeding on a single vine. Because the SLF is looking for nitrogen and amino acids, not sugar, a large amount of sap it feeds on is excreted as a sugary substance called ‘honeydew’. The sugary honeydew attracts stinging insects who are looking at harvesting the sugar, as well as act as a sub-strate for sooty mold. The stinging insects can also attack the fruit, providing opening for the complex of rots to get going. Therefore, while SLF does not directly impact the fruit through feeding, the development of rots and sooty mold can make the crop unmarketable. Research is underway at Penn State University to determine if SLF adults can have an impact on wine if they make it into the grape lugs or bins during harvest and processing. It is important to realize that the Spotted Lan-ternfly specimens found in Yates and Albany Counties were not part of an organized sur-vey effort. They were identified and reported by members of the public who had seen in-formation about this invasive species and the need to report it if found.The take home message is to keep your eyes open for Spotted Lanternfly. The adult stage and egg masses will be the most likely can-didates for being found at this time of year. They are excellent hitchhikers so be wary of any vehicles, or deliveries, that you know are coming from the quarantine zone in South-east PA. If you find Spotted Lanternfly, get a photo or capture it for positive identification.

Report any finding to spottedlanternfly@dec.ny.gov. I would suggest trying to get the photo first if they are at rest as they may be clumsy fliers but adults are excel-lent jumpers (hoppers) and can move very quickly to avoid capture. The preferred host for SLF adults is Ailanthus altissima, or Tree-of-Heaven. Tree of Heaven, which is consid-ered an invasive plant, was brought in as an ornamen-tal years ago but has spread in both rural areas and residential neighborhoods across New York State. Spotted Lanternfly has the potential to cause signifi-cant economic damage not only to grape growers, juice processors and wineries, but also apples, hops, nurs-ery and lumber industries. The negative effect on agri tourism in New York State should also be taken into account. This invasive pest poses a risk to NYS agri-culture, ornamental and timber industries as well as all NYS residents quality of life.For more information on Spotted Lanternfly visit the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation web-site at https://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/113303.html Five video podcasts on Spotted Lanternfly, and how to identify Tree of Heaven, can be found on the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program website at http://lergp.com/podcasts/.

Spotted Laternfly adults often engage in highly aggregated ‘swarm feed-ing’.

Photo courtesy Pennsylvania Dept. of Agriculture

Life stages of the spotted lanternfly.Source: Penn State Extension, ‘Spotted Lanternfly: What to Look For”.

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Fruit Composition Report - 9/17/2018Samples reported here were collected on Monday 9/17. Where appropriate, sample data from 2017, averaged over all sites is included. Tables from 2017 are archived at http://grapesandwine.cals.cornell.edu/newsletters/veraison-harvest. Next samples will be collected on Monday, September 24. YAN measurements included this week..

Baco NoirRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Hudson Valley 9/10/2018 Southwest HV HARVESTFinal sample 9/10/2018 Southwest HV 1.18 18.4 3.38 11.0 418

’17 Final Sample 9/11/2017 1.61 16.9 2.78 15.4Cabernet Franc

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Keuka 1.36 19.4 3.21 8.5 38Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Lansing 1.41 18.0 3.16 9.2 125Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Wayne County 1.43 18.2 3.18 9.0 183Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 W. Seneca 1.44 18.6 3.14 8.5 49Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Cayuga 1.51 17.5 3.07 10.2 96Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 E. Seneca 1.65 17.8 3.17 9.8 145Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Dresden 1.30 20.9 3.21 7.3 74

Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 East Central HV 1.25 16.1 3.32 8.6 231Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Southwest HV 1.44 15.5 3.42 7.0 145

Long Island 9/17/2018 LI-09 1.71 14.7 3.46 7.4 167Long Island 9/17/2018 LI-05 2.11 16.3 3.41 7.1 115

Average 9/17/2018 1.51 17.5 3.25 8.4 124Prev Sample 9/4/2018 1.30 15.2 3.07 11.7 118‘17 Average 9/18/2017 1.41 17.2 3.11 10.6 131

Catawba

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Keuka 2.55 16.2 2.87 10.1 110Prev Sample 9/10/2018 Keuka 2.40 14.9 2.79 14.5 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 Keuka 2.95 13.1 2.77 17.7 104

Cayuga WhiteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Dresden 2.82 19.8 3.29 6.9 96Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Ithaca 2.99 17.9 3.09 7.6 155Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Keuka 3.14 16.9 3.14 8.6 292Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Cayuga HARVEST

Average 9/17/2018 2.98 18.2 3.17 7.7 181Prev Sample 9/10/2018 2.96 17.2 3.13 8.5 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 2.95 17.5 3.02 10.1 163

ChardonnayRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Cayuga 1.49 20.4 3.19 8.4 137Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 W. Seneca 1.52 20.5 3.22 8.1 102Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Lansing 1.58 18.8 3.20 8.3 113Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Dresden 1.65 22.1 3.32 6.2 77

Lake Erie 9/17/2018 1.55 18.2 3.31 9.9 251Long Island 9/17/2018 LI-03 1.86 16.8 3.50 7.9 309

Average 9/17/2018 1.61 19.5 3.29 8.1 165Prev sample 9/10/2018 1.52 17.8 3.22 8.2 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.56 17.6 3.10 10.1 219

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ConcordRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Keuka 2.95 15.4 3.32 6.1 163Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 W. Canandaigua 3.02 17.6 3.38 3.5 71

Lake Erie 9/17/2018 Portland 2.79 15.0 3.18 9.2 197Lake Erie 9/17/2018 Fredonia 2.93 15.5 3.15 9.6 264Average 9/17/2018 2.92 15.9 3.26 7.1 174

Prev. Sample 9/10/2018 2.61 14.4 3.09 8.7 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 3.58 14.6 3.08 9.9 182

FrontenacRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 9/17/2018 Central Champlain 1.10 24.9 3.07 15.4 338Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Northeast HV 1.09 24.1 3.24 13.6 431

Champlain Valley 9/17/2018 Champlain (Front Gris) 1.17 25.2 3.09 16.2 234

Average 9/17/2018 1.12 24.7 3.13 15.1 334Prev Sample 9/10/2018 1.10 23.3 3.03 17.7 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.14 25.1 3.05 16.0 287

Gruner VeltlinerRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Dresden 1.79 20.3 3.33 5.5 133Previous Sample 9/10/2018 Dresden 1.73 19.1 3.26 6.4

‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 Dresden 1.58 16.4 3.04 7.7 181La Crescent

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Thousand Islands 9/10/2018 Clayton HARVEST Champlain Valley 9/17/2018 Northern Champlain 1.09 23.3 3.06 11.7 154Champlain Valley 9/17/2018 Central Champlain 1.21 24.0 2.94 15.3 41

Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Northwest HV 1.20 23.6 2.97 14.0 56Average 9/17/2018 1.17 23.6 2.99 13.7 84

Prev Sample 9/10/2018 1.16 22.5 2.99 13.7 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.28 21.1 2.91 16.0 114

LembergerRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Keuka 1.73 20.4 3.14 8.6 74Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Dresden 2.07 20.7 3.15 8.4 141

Average 9/17/2018 1.90 20.6 3.15 8.5 107Previous sample 9/10/2018 1.94 19.9 3.07 8.9

‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.89 18.6 3.02 10.4 118

Malbec

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Long Island 9/17/2018 LI-06 2.47 15.8 3.48 9.2 353

Prev. sample 9/10/2018 LI-06 1.74 15.1 3.25 11.8 ‘17 sample 9/18/2017 LI-06 1.95 18.3 3.36 10.9 299

Marechal FochRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Northeast HV 1.39 22.7 3.50 10.8 204Prev sample 9/10/2018 Northeast HV 1.37 22.3 3.35 7.9 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 Northeast HV 1.28 20.9 3.21 11.2 125

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MarquetteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 9/17/2018 Northern Champlain 1.24 23.0 2.96 11.6 277Champlain Valley 9/17/2018 Central Champlain 1.33 24.2 2.98 13.5 261

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 W. Keuka 1.14 22.3 3.11 10.2 253Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Dresden 1.34 22.8 3.33 9.6 267

Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Northwest HV 1.48 20.8 3.02 12.2 145Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Northeast HV 1.55 23.4 3.44 13.1 371Hudson Valley 9/10/2018 Northeast HV HARVEST

Lake Erie 9/17/2018 Fredonia HARVEST Average 9/17/2018 1.35 22.8 3.14 11.7 262

Prev Sample 9/10/2018 1.33 21.2 3.10 11.0 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.44 21.5 2.95 15.0 225

Merlot

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 East Central HV 1.50 16.3 3.43 7.6 179Long Island 9/17/2018 LI-10 1.85 16.7 3.52 6.9 185Long Island 9/17/2018 LI-04 1.99 16.2 3.52 7.1 122

Average 9/17/2018 1.78 16.4 3.49 7.2 162Prev sample 9/10/2018 1.55 16.2 3.39 8.0‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.61 20.5 3.27 10.8 251

NiagaraRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Lake Erie 9/17/2018 Portland 3.60 14.2 3.21 7.5 210

Prev Sample 9/10/2018 Portland 3.28 14.3 3.08 7.8 ‘17 Final Sample 9/11/2017 Portland 3.35 14.2 3.15 6.1 Lake Erie

Pinot Noir

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt.

g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Ontario 1.43 20.0 3.38 6.1 70Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 E. Seneca 1.73 19.2 3.17 8.4 157Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 W. Cayuga 1.83 18.4 3.26 7.3 177

Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 East Central HV 1.20 17.3 3.67 7.5 385Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Southwest HV 1.51 18.2 3.53 6.8 247

Average 9/17/2018 1.54 18.6 3.40 7.2 207Prev sample 9/10/2018 1.50 17.4 3.36 7.5 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.36 19.2 3.30 8.7 277

RieslingRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 W. Seneca 1.34 17.6 2.96 10.3 17Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 CL 90 Cayuga 1.40 16.6 2.92 12.0 91Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 W. Canandaigua 1.48 17.1 2.94 11.3 118Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Cl 90, E. Seneca 1.49 17.3 2.95 10.1 72Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Cl 239, E. Seneca 1.50 17.6 3.01 9.7 103Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 E. Seneca 1.50 16.2 3.04 11.5 146Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Keuka 1.53 17.9 3.04 9.8 91Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Cl 198, E. Seneca 1.53 17.2 3.07 8.8 108Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Lansing 1.56 17.4 3.02 9.7 101Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Wayne County 1.64 16.8 3.08 9.9 168Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Dresden 1.48 17.5 2.97 9.1 59

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Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 East Central HV 1.19 16.2 3.21 8.1 152Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 East Central HV 1.56 14.8 3.20 9.4 202Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Southwest HV 1.60 17.1 3.28 8.2 162

Lake Erie 9/17/2018 Portland 1.50 17.4 3.13 8.9 256Long Island 9/17/2018 LI-01 1.59 15.2 3.30 9.3 153

Average 9/17/2018 1.49 16.9 3.07 9.7 125Prev Sample 9/10/2018 1.43 15.8 3.00 11.0 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.51 16.5 2.94 13.0 155

Sauvignon BlancRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Long Island 9/17/2018 LI-02 1.59 17.6 3.37 8.9 122Prev Sample 9/10/2018 LI-02 1.25 17.0 3.18 10.2 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 LI-02 1.68 19.7 3.29 8.6 198

Seyval BlancRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/10/2018 Cayuga HARVEST Hudson Valley 9/10/2018 Southwest HV HARVEST

Lake Erie 9/10/2018 Portland HARVEST Final Sample 9/10/2018 1.81 17.3 3.22 7.1 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.69 19.5 3.15 8.1 137

Tocai FriulanoRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Block A E Central HV 1.66 15.9 3.43 9.9 196Hudson Valley 9/17/2018 Block B E Central HV 1.73 17.0 3.40 8.9 206

Average 9/17/2018 1.69 16.5 3.42 9.4 201Prev Sample 9/10/2018 1.66 15.5 3.23 8.5

TraminetteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Ithaca 1.88 16.3 2.90 12.3 128Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Keuka 1.89 16.7 2.91 11.7 225

Average 9/17/2018 1.88 16.5 2.91 12.0 177Prev Sample 9/10/2018 1.82 14.9 2.87 13.9 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.97 16.9 2.79 14.8 80

Vidal Blanc

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 Dresden 1.96 19.5 3.17 8.8 121Prev Sample 9/10/2018 Dresden 1.81 18.1 3.07 9.8 ‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 Dresden 2.03 16.3 2.97 14.1 222

VignolesRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 W. Seneca 1.62 22.7 3.16 11.6 260Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 R53V30 HARVEST Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 R62V78 HARVEST Finger Lakes 9/17/2018 R59V25 HARVEST

Lake Erie 9/17/2018 R62V78 1.12 23.0 3.25 13.1 265Lake Erie 9/17/2018 R53V30 1.23 23.9 3.27 13.7 306Lake Erie 9/17/2018 R59V25 1.24 23.0 3.20 12.5 322

Average 9/17/2018 1.30 23.2 3.22 12.7 288Prev Sample 9/10/2018 1.51 21.2 3.08 13.1‘17 Sample 9/18/2017 1.73 20.0 2.93 20.3 207

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The information, including any advice or recommendations, contained herein is based upon the research and experience of Cornell Cooperative Extension personnel. While this information constitutes the best judgement/opinion of such personnel at the time issued, neither Cornell Cooperative Extension nor any representative thereof makes any representation or warrantee, express or implied, of any particular result or application of such information, or regarding any product. Users of any product are encouraged to read and follow product-labeling instructions and check with the manufacturer or supplier for updated information. Nothing contained in this information should be interpreted as an endorsement expressed or implied of any particular product.

This newsletter was made possible with support from the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, Constellation Brands, and USDA Federal Formula funding through the Cornell and New York State Agricultural Experiment Stations.

Veraison to Harvest is a joint publication of: Cornell Enology Extension Program

Statewide Viticulture Extension ProgramLong Island Grape Program - Suffolk CCE

Finger Lakes Grape ProgramLake Erie Regional Grape Program

Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture ProgramCopyright 2018© Cornell University

Evaluating Yield MonitorsTerry Bates

The Efficient Vineyard Team at CLEREL is currently evalu-ating two commercially available yield monitors. (A) The Advanced Technology Viticulture (ATV) yield monitor uses load cells and a false weigh frame on the discharge conveyor of a mechanical harvester (indicated by the red box) to continuously monitor grape yield. (B) The OXBO yield monitor uses an impact plate as grapes fall from the cross conveyor or the discharge conveyor to monitor grape yield. Both yield monitors are calibrat-ed by relating sensor values to actual bin or truck load weights. (C) Since the yield monitor sensors are inte-grated with a GPS antenna, spatial yield maps can be generated during harvest. 2017 yield maps from some of the research plots at CLEREL ranged from 3 tons/acre (red) to 9 tons/acre (blue). (D) The ATV system is a stand-alone system (grey box on left) which collects the spatial data on a data card and displays a cumulative yield on the tractor cab display. The OXBO system interfaces with AgLeader hardware and software (screen on right)

for real-time display of location and yield monitor data. Both systems collect and store geo-referenced yield sen-sor data for further calibration with truck weights and post-processing with other spatial sensor data, such as soil EC or canopy NDVI.

Measuring Anthocyanins in Exposed and Shaded Fruit

Hans Walter-Peterson

The Finger Lakes Grape Program is collaborating on a project with Dr. Anna Katharine Mansfield (Cornell Enol-ogy Extension Lab) and her graduate student Catherine Dadmun, looking at the development of anthocyanins in Corot noir (pictured here), Marquette and Marechal Foch under shaded and sun-exposed conditions.

The setup here continually measures light levels in the canopy and berry temperature in the two treatments, as well as ambient air temperature. The white box contains the data logger and power source – and wires…lots of wires. This project is being funded by the Research Ven-ture Fund managed at Cornell AgriTech, which includes funds from the Senator Nozzolio Fund, Lacroute Endow-ment, and Taylor Endowment.