Upload
philomena-knight
View
216
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
VowelsLIN 3201
Vowels Vowels vs.vs. ConsonantsConsonantsVowels
Pulmonic Egressive Airstream
Usually voiced, but can be voiceless
Maintainable articulations
More open than approximants; all equal to or more open than [i]
Serve as the nucleus of a syllable (carry pitch, tone)
Consonants
Many different airstreams – pulmonic glottalic or velaric
Voiced or voiceless
Maintainable and momentary articulations
Less open than [i]; no more open than approximants
Found at edges of syllables, before and after vowels
Some caveats about Some caveats about vowels…vowels…Vowels are naturally more difficult
than consonants because there are no physical boundaries from one to another
Vowels form a continuum, so some of the delineation of vowels is acoustic and auditory, not articulatory
A caveat for native A caveat for native speakers of American speakers of American
Englishes…Englishes…
Your natural tendency is to GLIDE vowels
What is a What is a GLIDEGLIDE??
Vowels are produced either as PURE vowels or GLIDED vowels
A PURE vowel means that throughout the production of the vowel the tongue stays in the same location and maintains the same sound during the entire production of the vowel
i.e. [i], [e], [o], [u]
A GLIDED vowel is a slightly longer vowel, in which the tongue moves towards or from production of second vowel during the production
GLIDES are combinations of vowels with semi-vowels [j], [w] or []
i.e. [uw], [oj]
Wait a sec…a semi-vowel?Wait a sec…a semi-vowel?The approximants [j], [w] and [] are
considered semi-vowels
although they share many characteristics with vowels, they can not serve as syllable nuclei (the center of the syllable)
Considered “non-syllabic” versions of [i], [u] and [y]
They combine with vowel as vowel glides
GLIDES may be considered:
ON-GLIDES - glide occurs in syllable initial positionArticulates as rapid glide movement from high
vowel position [j], central vowel position[], low vowel position [w] or retroflex [] to following vowel
Examples: [jo], [wa]. [e]
OROR OFF-GLIDES
Glide occurs in syllable final positionRapid gliding movement toward high vowel
position [j], central vowel position [], low vowel position [w] or retroflex [[
Examples: [ow], [ay]
So just remember…So just remember…
Be VERYVERY careful to produce
PURE vowels when needed
4 Parameters for Vowels4 Parameters for Vowels
1. Tongue Height (high, mid, low) (close, close-mid, open-mid, open in IPA)
2. Tongue Backness (front, central, back)
3. Tongue Tenseness (tense or lax)
4. Lip Rounding (rounded or unrounded)
Tongue Height
Location, or vertical placement of tongue in the mouth
High, High-Mid, Mid, Low-Mid, Low[IPA: Close, Close-Mid, Open-Mid, Open]
High: [i], [y], [], [], [], [u] Mid (Mid-High/Mid-Low): [e], [o], [] [], []Low: [a], [æ], []
Tongue Backness
Location, or horizontal placement, of tongue in the mouth
Front, Central, Back
Front: [i], [e], [], [æ], [a] Central: [], [], [] Back: [y], [], [o], [u], []
Lip Rounding
Whether lips are rounded or unrounded during vowel production
Rounded: [y], [u], [o]Unrounded: [i], [e], []
The front, unrounded vowelsThe front, unrounded vowels
1. [i] close
2. [] close/close-mid
3. [e] close-mid
4. [] open-mid
5. [æ] open-open-mid
6. [a] open
The back, rounded vowelsThe back, rounded vowels
1. [u] close
2. [] close/close-mid
3. [o] close-mid
4. [] open-mid