Upload
truongcong
View
245
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Nederlandse norm NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36 (en) Explosieve atmosferen - Deel 36: Niet-elektrische uitrusting voor gebruik in explosieve atmosferen - Basismethoden en eisen (ISO 80079-36:2016,IDT) Explosive atmospheres - Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Basic method and requirements (ISO 80079-36:2016,IDT)
Vervangt NEN-EN 13463-1:2009; NEN-EN-ISO/IEC 80079-36:2012 Ontw.
ICS 13.230; 29.260.20 april 2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
Dit
do
cum
ent
mag
sle
chts
op
een
sta
nd
-alo
ne
PC
wo
rden
gei
nst
alle
erd
. Geb
ruik
op
een
net
wer
k is
alle
en.
toes
taan
als
een
aan
vulle
nd
e lic
enti
eove
reen
kom
st v
oo
r n
etw
erkg
ebru
ik m
et N
EN
is a
fges
lote
n.
Th
is d
ocu
men
t m
ay o
nly
be
use
d o
n a
sta
nd
-alo
ne
PC
. Use
in a
net
wo
rk is
on
ly p
erm
itte
d w
hen
a su
pp
lem
enta
ry li
cen
se a
gre
emen
t fo
r u
s in
a n
etw
ork
wit
h N
EN
has
bee
n c
on
clu
ded
.
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36
Als Nederlandse norm is aanvaard: - EN ISO 80079-36.2016,IDT - ISO 80079-36:2016,IDT
Normcommissie 341093 "Ontplofbare atmosferen" THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
DEZE PUBLICATIE IS AUTEURSRECHTELIJK BESCHERMD Apart from exceptions provided by the law, nothing from this publication may be duplicated and/or published by means of photocopy, microfilm, storage in computer files or otherwise, which also applies to full or partial processing, without the written consent of the Netherlands Standardization Institute. The Netherlands Standardization Institute shall, with the exclusion of any other beneficiary, collect payments owed by third parties for duplication and/or act in and out of law, where this authority is not transferred or falls by right to the Reproduction Rights Foundation.
Although the utmost care has been taken with this publication, errors and omissions cannot be entirely excluded. The Netherlands Standardization Institute and/or the members of the committees therefore accept no liability, not even for direct or indirect damage, occurring due to or in relation with the application of publications issued by the Netherlands Standardization Institute. Auteursrecht voorbehouden. Behoudens uitzondering door de wet gesteld mag zonder schriftelijke toestemming van het Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van fotokopie, microfilm, opslag in computerbestanden of anderszins, hetgeen ook van toepassing is op gehele of gedeeltelijke bewerking. Het Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut is met uitsluiting van ieder ander gerechtigd de door derden verschuldigde vergoedingen voor verveelvoudiging te innen en/of daartoe in en buiten rechte op te treden, voor zover deze bevoegdheid niet is overgedragen c.q. rechtens toekomt aan de Stichting Reprorecht.
Hoewel bij deze uitgave de uiterste zorg is nagestreefd, kunnen fouten en onvolledigheden niet geheel worden uitgesloten. Het Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut en/of de leden van de commissies aanvaarden derhalve geen enkele aansprakelijkheid, ook niet voor directe of indirecte schade, ontstaan door of verband houdend met toepassing van door het Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut gepubliceerde uitgaven. ©2016 Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Postbus 5059, 2600 GB Delft Telefoon (015) 2 690 390, Fax (015) 2 690 190
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN ISO 80079-36 April 2016
ICS 29.260.20 Supersedes EN 13463-1:2009English Version Explosive atmospheres - Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Basic method and requirements (ISO 80079-36:2016) Atmosphères explosives - Partie 36: Appareils non électriques destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères explosives - Méthodologie et exigences (ISO 80079-36:2016)
Explosionsfähige Atmosphären - Teil 36: Nicht-elektrische Geräte für den Einsatz in explosionsfähigen Atmosphären - Grundlagen und Anforderungen (ISO 80079-36:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 February 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E F Ü R N O R M U N G CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 80079-36:2016 E
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EN ISO 80079-36.2016 (E)
2
Contents Page
European Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2014/34/EU ......................................................................................... 4
Annex ZB (informative) Correspondence of equipment groups ................................................................... 6
Annex ZC (informative) Significant changes between this European Standard and EN 13463-1:2009 ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EN ISO 80079-36.2016 (E)
3
European Foreword
This document (EN ISO 80079-36:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TMBG "Technical Management Board - groups" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 305 “Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The significant changes with respect to EN 13463-1:2009 are included in Annex ZB “Significant changes between this European Standard and EN 13463-1:2009".
This document supersedes EN 13463-1:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of 2014/34/EU.
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
Extensions to the marking scheme described in the Directive are found in the ATEX Guidelines published by the European Commission. These are particularly useful for equipment that conforms to more than one category.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 80079-36:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 80079-36:2016 without any modification.
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EN ISO 80079-36.2016 (E)
4
Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2014/34/EU
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2014/34/EU.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2014/34/EU
Clauses/sub-clauses of this EN
Essential Requirements (ERs) of EU Directive 2014/34/EU
Qualifying remarks/Notes
4 1.0.1 1.0.2
5.1 1.0.1 1.0.2 1.0.3
5.2 1.0.2 1.3
6.1 1.3
6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.2.3 1.2.8 1.3.1 1.4.1
6.2.4 2.0.1 2.0.2
6.2.5, 6.2.6 2.1.1 2.2.1 2.3.1
6.2.7 2.1.2 2.2.2 2.3.2
6.3 1.3.1 reference to EN 1127-1
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EN ISO 80079-36.2016 (E)
5
Table ZA.1 (continued)
Clauses/sub-clauses of this EN
Essential Requirements (ERs) of EU Directive 2014/34/EU
Qualifying remarks/Notes
6.4 1.3.4
6.5 1.0.1 1.3.1
reference to EN 60079 series
6.6 1.3.3
6.7 1.3.2
6.8 - 6.9 1.3.1
7.1, 7.2 1.3.4
7.3 1.2.6
7.4 1.1.3 1.4.1 1.4.2
7.5 1.2.2 1.2.6
7.6 1.1.3 1.4.2
7.7 1.1.3 1.4.1 1.4.2
8 1.1.3 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.5
9.1 1.0.1 1.0.3 1.0.4
9.5 1.0.6
10 1.0.5
Annexes A - G 1.0.2 1.3.1
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EN ISO 80079-36.2016 (E)
6
Annex ZB (informative)
Correspondence of equipment groups
In all cases Equipment Protection Levels (EPL) as defined by EN 60079-0 are related to the corresponding Equipment Groups and Equipment Categories according to the following table. The same applies if a standard makes reference to the intended use of equipment in Zones according to the definitions in EN 60079-10.
Table ZB.1 — Correspondence of equipment groups
EN 60079-0 Directive 2014/34/EU EN 60079-10-1 and EN 60079-10-2
EPL Group Equipment Group
Equipment Category
Zones
Ma I I M1 NA
Mb M2
Ga II II 1G 0
Gb 2G 1
Gc 3G 2
Da III 1D 20
Db 2D 21
Dc 3D 22
Instructions
The manufacturer or his authorized representative in the Community is to draw up the instructions for use in the required Community languages.
Marking
The marking according to this standard is to be supplemented by the marking according to Directive 2014/34/EU. Examples are given below.
European marking examples
Directive part Standard part Equipment example
I M2 Ex h I Mb Non-electrical equipment for Mining Industry,
II 2 G Ex h IIB T4 Gb Non-electrical equipment intended to be used in
Surface Industry classified as Gas Explosive Atmosphere - Zone1
II 1 D Ex h IIIC 120°C Da Non-electrical equipment intended to be used in
Surface Industry classified as Explosive Atmosphere of Combustible Dust - Zone 20
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EN ISO 80079-36.2016 (E)
7
Annex ZC (informative)
Significant changes between this European Standard and
EN 13463-1:2009
This European Standard supersedes EN 13463-1:2009
Table ZC.1 — Significant changes between this European Standard and EN 13463-1:2009
Modifications significatives Clause Minor and formal changes
Extensions Extensions
Introduction of new definitions and slight redefinitions concerning ignition sources to improve ignition hazard assessment
Clause 3
X
Introduction of Equipment Protection Level instead of Category relating to ATEX Directive
Clause 4.1
X
Introduction of Dust groups defined as Group IIIA, IIIB, & IIIC
Clause 4.4
X
Introduction in the instructions for safe use and required maintenance for the equipment shall be specified by the manufacturer
Clause 5.1
X
Change of wording regarding the formal Ignition hazard identification and assessment
Clause 5.2.1
X
Introduction of what the assessment shall show Clause 5.2.2.1
X
Change of wording regarding EPL Mb equipment requirment
Clause 5.2.2.2
X
Introduction of a new note regarding the risk of ignition due to other ignition source
Clause 6.1
X
Change of wording regarding the ambient temperature
Clause 6.2.2
X
Introduction of a new note regarding the option to calculate maximum temperatures
Clause 6.2.3
X
Introduction of a new note regarding the layers of coal dust
Clause 6.2.3
X
Introduction of a new note regarding the instructions Clause 6.2.5
X
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EN ISO 80079-36.2016 (E)
8
Table ZC.1 (continued)
Modifications significatives Article Minor and formal changes
Extensions Extensions
Introduction of a new column regarding requirement for T5 classification
Clause 6.2.6.1
X
Introduction of two new notes regarding the enclosed volume
Clause 6.2.6.2
X
Introduction of requirement regarding External hot surfaces
Clause 6.2.6.3
X
NOTE 1 The technical changes referred to include the significant technical changes from the revised EN but this is not an exhaustive list of all modifications from the previous version.
Explanations:
A) Definitions
Minor and editorial changes clarification
decrease of technical requirements
minor technical change
editorial corrections
Changes in a standard classified as ‘Minor and editorial changes’ refer to changes regarding the previous standard, which modify requirements in an editorial or a minor technical way. Also changes of the wording to clarify technical requirements without any technical change are classified as ‘Minor and editorial changes’.
A reduction in level of existing requirement is also classified as ‘Minor and editorial changes’
Extension addition of technical options
Changes in a standard classified as ‘extension’ refers to changes regarding the previous standard, which add new or modify existing technical requirements, in a way that new options are given, but without increasing requirements for equipment that was fully compliant with the previous standard. Therefore these ‘extensions’ will not have to be considered for products in conformity with the preceding edition.
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
EN ISO 80079-36.2016 (E)
9
Major technical changes addition of technical requirements
increase of technical requirements
Changes in a standard classified as ‘Major technical change’ refer to changes regarding the previous standard, which add new or increase the level of existing technical requirements, in a way that a product in conformity with the preceding standard will not always be able to fulfil the requirements given in the standard. ‘Major technical changes’ have to be considered for products in conformity with the preceding edition. For every change classified as ‘Major Technical Change’ additional information is provided in clause B) of the Annex ZB.
NOTE 2 These changes represent current technological knowledge1. However, these changes should not normally have an influence on equipment already placed on the market.
B) Information about the background of ‘Major Technical Changes’
None
1 see also ATEX Guideline 10.3 and Annex ZA
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
Edition 1.0 2016-02
ISO 80079-36
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE
Explosive atmospheres – Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres – Basic method and requirements Atmosphères explosives – Partie 36: Appareils non électriques destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères explosives – Méthodologie et exigences
ISO
800
79-3
6:20
16-0
2(en
-fr)
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2016 ISO, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 [email protected] www.iso.org
About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue The stand-alone application for consulting the entire bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and iPad. IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications. IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details all new publications released. Available online and also once a month by email.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in 15 additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online. IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR. IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: [email protected].
A propos de l'IEC La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées. A propos des publications IEC Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié. Catalogue IEC - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Application autonome pour consulter tous les renseignements bibliographiques sur les Normes internationales, Spécifications techniques, Rapports techniques et autres documents de l'IEC. Disponible pour PC, Mac OS, tablettes Android et iPad. Recherche de publications IEC - www.iec.ch/searchpub La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, comité d’études,…). Elle donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées. IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues. Disponible en ligne et aussi une fois par mois par email.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org Le premier dictionnaire en ligne de termes électroniques et électriques. Il contient 20 000 termes et définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans 15 langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne. Glossaire IEC - std.iec.ch/glossary 65 000 entrées terminologiques électrotechniques, en anglais et en français, extraites des articles Termes et Définitions des publications IEC parues depuis 2002. Plus certaines entrées antérieures extraites des publications des CE 37, 77, 86 et CISPR de l'IEC. Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: [email protected].
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
ISO 80079-36 Edition 1.0 2016-02
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE
Explosive atmospheres – Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres – Basic method and requirements Atmosphères explosives – Partie 36: Appareils non électriques destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères explosives – Méthodologie et exigences
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 13.230; 29.260.20
ISBN 978-2-8322-3202-6
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016
Voorbeeld
Preview
Dit document is een voorbeeld van NEN / This document is a preview by NEN
NEN Standards Products & Servicest.a.v. afdeling KlantenserviceAntwoordnummer 102142600 WB Delft
Wilt u deze norm in PDF-formaat? Deze bestelt u eenvoudig via www.nen.nl/normshop
Gratis e-mailnieuwsbrievenWilt u op de hoogte blijven van de laatste ontwikkelingen op het gebied van normen,
normalisatie en regelgeving? Neem dan een gratis abonnement op een van onze
e-mailnieuwsbrieven. www.nen.nl/nieuwsbrieven
Gegevens Bedrijf / Instelling
T.a.v. O M O V
Klantnummer NEN
Uw ordernummer BTW nummer
Postbus / Adres
Postcode Plaats
Telefoon Fax
Factuuradres (indien dit afwijkt van bovenstaand adres)
Postbus / Adres
Postcode Plaats
Datum Handtekening
NEN Standards Products & Services
Postbus 50592600 GB Delft
Vlinderweg 62623 AX Delft
T (015) 2 690 390F (015) 2 690 271
www.nen.nl/normshop
RetournerenFax: (015) 2 690 271
E-mail: [email protected]
Post: NEN Standards Products
& Services,
t.a.v. afdeling Klantenservice
Antwoordnummer 10214,
2600 WB Delft
(geen postzegel nodig).
Voorwaarden• De prijzen zijn geldig
tot 31 december 2016,
tenzij anders aangegeven.
• Alle prijzen zijn excl. btw,
verzend- en handelingskosten
en onder voorbehoud bij
o.m. ISO- en IEC-normen.
• Bestelt u via de normshop een
pdf, dan betaalt u geen
handeling en verzendkosten.
• Meer informatie: telefoon
(015) 2 690 391, dagelijks
van 8.30 tot 17.00 uur.
• Wijzigingen en typefouten
in teksten en prijsinformatie
voorbehouden.
• U kunt onze algemene
voorwaarden terugvinden op:
www.nen.nl/leveringsvoorwaarden.
preview - 2016
Bestelformulier
Normalisatie: de wereld op één lijn.
Stuur naar:
Ja, ik bestel
€ 179.33__ ex. NEN-EN-ISO 80079-36:2016 en Explosieve atmosferen - Deel 36:
Niet-elektrische uitrusting voor gebruik in explosieve atmosferen -
Basismethoden en eisen