Volume 21, Number 42

Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21 Number 42Arthropoda Arachnida Aaraneae Oecobiidae Oxyopidae

Cybaeidae Dictynidae Sparassidae Philodromidae

Spiders II

2017

National Institute of Biological ResourcesMinistry of Environment Korea


Seung-Tae Kim and Sue-Yeon Lee1

Konkuk University 1Seoul National University



Spiders II

Invertebrate Fauna of KoreaVolume 21 Number 42Arthropoda Arachnida Aaraneae Oecobiidae Oxyopidae Cybaeidae Dictynidae Sparassidae PhilodromidaeSpiders II

Copyright 2017 by the National Institute of Biological Resources

Published by the National Institute of Biological ResourcesEnvironmental Research Complex Hwangyeong-ro 42 Seo-guIncheon 22689 Republic of Koreawwwnibrgokr

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted inany form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the priorpermission of the National Institute of Biological Resources

ISBN 978-89-6811-260-7 (96470)ISBN 978-89-94555-00-3 (세트)Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-001220-01

Printed by Junghaengsa Inc in Korea on acid-free paper

Publisher Woonsuk BaekAuthors Seung-Tae Kim and Sue-Yeon LeeProject Staff Jin-Han Kim Hyun Jong Kil Eunjung Nam and Kwang-Soo Kim

Published on February 7 2017

The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates invertebrates insects algae fungi and bacteria The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo

Chlorococcales 1

Preface

The biological resources include all the composition of organisms and genetic resources which possess the practical and potential values essential to human live Biological resources will be firmed competition of the nation because they will be used as fundamental sources to make highly valued products such as new lines or varieties of biological organisms new material and drugs As the Nagoya Protocol was adopted in 2010 and entered into force in the 12th Conference of Par-ties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2014 it is expected that the competition to get biological resources will be much intensive under the rapidly changed circumstance on the access and benefic sharing of the genetic resources (ABS) To cope with a new international para-digm on all kinds of issues related to biological resources the Ministry of Environment of Korea enacted a new law called lsquoAn act on access and benefit sharing of genetic resourcesrsquo on January 17th 2017

Each nation in the world is investigating and clearing information of native species within its ter-ritory in order to secure its sovereignty rights over biological resources The National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of the Ministry of Environment has published the lsquoFlora and Fauna of Korearsquo since 2006 to manage biological resources in comprehensive ways and to enhance national competitiveness by building up the foundation for the sovereignty over biological resources Pro-fessional research groups consisting of professors and related experts of taxonomy examined sys-tematically a total of 13478 species for the past eight years to publish 163 volumes in both Korean and English versions and two volumes of World Monograph covering 216 species of invertebrates This year 11 volumes of the Flora and Fauna of Korea in both Korean and English versions in-cluding 858 species of invertebrates insects vascular plants algae and fungi are additionally pub-lished Flora and Fauna of Korea are the first professional records to describe all the species of the nation in a comprehensive way and they would contribute to level up the taxonomic capacity

The NIBR will continue to publish flora and fauna of Korea that will contribute conservation and application of biological resources for successful implementation of the ABS protocol Finally I would like to express my sincere appreciation to authors who spared no effort to publish the Flora and Fauna of Korea

Woonsuk Baek President of National Institute of Biological Resources

Chlorococcales 1

Contents

List of Taxa 3

Introduction 5

Materials and Methods 6

Taxonomic Notes 9

1 Oecobius navus Blackwall 11 2 Uroctea compactilis L Koch 13 3 Uroctea lesserti Schenkel 14 4 Uroctea limbata (CL Koch) 16 5 Oxyopes koreanus Paik 18 6 Oxyopes licenti Schenkel 19 7 Oxyopes sertatus L Koch 20 8 Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck) 23 9 Cybaeus aratrum Kim and Kim 2610 Cybaeus longus Paik 2611 Cybaeus mosanensis Paik and Namkung 2712 Cybaeus triangulus Paik 2913 Cybaeus whanseunensis Paik and Namkung 3014 Blabomma uenoi Paik and Yaginuma 3315 Brommella punctosparsa (Oi) 3316 Cicurina japonica (Simon) 3517 Cicurina kimyongkii Paik 3718 Cicurina phaselus Paik 3819 Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus) 3920 Dictyna felis Boumlsenberg and Strand 4121 Dictyna foliicola Boumlsenberg and Strand 4222 Lathys dihamata Paik 4423 Lathys maculosa (Karsch) 4524 Lathys sexoculata Seo and Sohn 4625 Lathys stigmatisata (Menge) 4726 Sudesna hedini (Schenkel) 4927 Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) 5228 Micrommata virescens (Clerck) 5429 Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch) 5630 Sinopoda koreana (Paik) 5831 Sinopoda stellatops Jaumlger and Ono 5932 Apollophanes macropalpus (Paik) 6233 Philodromus aureolus (Clerck) 6434 Philodromus auricomus L Koch 6535 Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer) 6736 Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank) 69

Invertebrate Fauna of Korea middot Spiders II2

37 Philodromus lanchowensis Schenkel 7038 Philodromus leucomarginatus Paik 7239 Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck) 7240 Philodromus poecilus (Thorell) 7441 Philodromus pseudoexilis Paik 7542 Philodromus rufus Walckenaer 7643 Philodromus spinitarsis Simon 7844 Philodromus subaureolus Boumlsenberg and Strand 7945 Thanatus coreanus Paik 8146 Thanatus miniaceus Simon 8347 Thanatus nipponicus Yaginuma 8448 Thanatus vulgaris Simon 8649 Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer) 8850 Tibellus tenellus (L Koch) 90

Literature Cited 92

Plates 113

Index to Korean Names 117

Index to Korean Names as Pronounced 119

Index to Scientific Names 121

Chlorococcales 3

List of Taxa

Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold 1848Class Arachnida Cuvier 1812

Order Araneae Clerck 1757Family Oecobiidae Blackwall 1862

Genus Oecobius Lucas 1846Oecobius navus Blackwall 1859

Genus Uroctea Dufour 1820Uroctea compactilis L Koch 1878Uroctea lesserti Schenkel 1936Uroctea limbata (CL Koch 1843)

Family Oxyopidae Thorell 1870Genus Oxyopes Latreille 1804

Oxyopes koreanus Paik 1969Oxyopes licenti Schenkel 1953Oxyopes sertatus L Koch 1878

Family Cybaeidae Banks 1892Genus Argyroneta Latreille 1804

Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck 1757)Genus Cybaeus L Koch 1868

Cybaeus aratrum Kim and Kim 2008Cybaeus longus Paik 1966Cybaeus mosanensis Paik and Namkung 1967Cybaeus triangulus Paik 1966Cybaeus whanseunensis Paik and Namkung 1967

Family Dictynidae OP-Cambridge 1871Genus Blabomma Chamberlin and Ivie 1937

Blabomma uenoi Paik and Yaginuma 1969Genus Brommella Tullgren 1948

Brommella punctosparsa (Oi 1957)Genus Cicurina Menge 1871

Cicurina japonica (Simon 1886)Cicurina kimyongkii Paik 1970Cicurina phaselus Paik 1970

Genus Dictyna Sundevall 1833Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus 1758)Dictyna felis Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906Dictyna foliicola Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906

Genus Lathys Simon 1884Lathys dihamata Paik 1979Lathys maculosa (Karsch 1879)Lathys sexoculata Seo and Sohn 1984


Lathys stigmatisata (Menge 1869)Genus Sudesna Lehtinen 1967

Sudesna hedini (Schenkel 1936)

Family Sparassidae Bertkau 1872Genus Heteropoda Latreille 1804

Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus 1767)Genus Micrommata Latreille 1804

Micrommata virescens (Clerck 1757)Genus Sinopoda Jaumlger 1999

Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch 1881)Sinopoda koreana (Paik 1968)Sinopoda stellatops Jaumlger and Ono 2002

Family Philodromidae Thorell 1870Genus Apollophanes OP-Cambridge 1898

Apollophanes macropalpus (Paik 1979)Genus Philodromus Walckenaer 1826

Philodromus aureolus (Clerck 1757)Philodromus auricomus L Koch 1878Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer 1802)Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank 1803)Philodromus lanchowensis Schenkel 1936Philodromus leucomarginatus Paik 1979Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck 1757)Philodromus poecilus (Thorell 1872)Philodromus pseudoexilis Paik 1979Philodromus rufus Walckenaer 1826Philodromus spinitarsis Simon 1895Philodromus subaureolus Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906

Genus Thanatus CL Koch 1837Thanatus coreanus Paik 1979Thanatus miniaceus Simon 1880Thanatus nipponicus Yaginuma 1969Thanatus vulgaris Simon 1870

Genus Tibellus Simon 1875Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer 1802)Tibellus tenellus (L Koch 1876)

Chlorococcales 5

Introduction

Spiders (order Araneae) are a ubiquitous and important predator group with high species richness and abundance among invertebrates that occur in many natural ecosystems as well as in agricul-tural ecosystems (Howell and Pienkowski 1971 Nyffeler and Benz 1987) Spiders are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other groups of organisms

(Sebastin and Peter 2009) with 44906 recorded species of 3935 genera belonging to 114 families as of 2014 (Platnick 2014) Korean araneology was initiated by Embrik Strand (1876-1947) who was a German arachnologist He described Gnaphosa koreae (current status=Gnaphosa sinensis Simon 1880) in ldquoSuumld-und ostasiatisch Spinnenrdquo as a new species based on the female specimen collected by Warburg German minister from Korea in 1907 He described itrsquos collecting locality as only lsquovon Korearsquo without detail geographical information and type specimen is now deposited in the Zoo-logical Museum Hamburg (ZMH) (Paik 1978) and about 719 species of 268 genera belonging to 45 families were recorded until now (Namkung et al 2009 NIBR 2013)

Spiders differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two parts the cephalothorax and abdomen and joined by a small cylindrical pedicel in anatomy Spiders have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom Abdomen bear spinnerets that produce spi-der silk from up to six types of silk glands within their abdomen Spiders can generally be iden-tified by the life styles hunting spiders with or without retreat and webbing spiders inhabiting in their own web In webbing spiders they construct webs with spider threads and these vary wide-ly in size shape and the amount of sticky thread used

Spiders which have a distinct ecological niche play several important roles in ecosystems They are main members of biodiversity and contribute to material circulation and energy transfer through prey of higher trophic levels in the terrestrial food web system Spiders use a wide range of strat-egies to capture prey but mainly can be categorized as sit and wait foraging strategy of webbing spiders and pursue and kill foraging strategy of hunting spiders Bagheera kiplingi belonging to Sal-ticidae herbivorous species was described by Meehan et al (2009) but all other known species are predators mostly preying on insects and on other spiders Therefore they are considered as im-portant natural enemy group feed on many agricultural and forest insect pests Recently spiders have been also used as indicator species detecting environmental change such as global warming and environmental pollution Besides physiologically active substances such as poison and thread spiders produced have been explored in many research fields such as medicine military affairs agriculture and practical use

The present study described taxonomy of 6 familes of spider from Korea including Oxyopidae Sparassidae and Philodromidae as hunting spiders and Oecobiidae Cybaeidae and Dictinidae as webbing spiders


Material and Methods

This work described 50 spiders species belonging to families Oecobiidae Oxyopidae Cybaeidae Dictynidae Sparassidae and Philodromidae from Korean mainland and islands from 1989 to 2012 Examined specimens were collected by the authors Three Korean endemic species Cybaeus aratrum Kim and Kim 2008 of Cybaeidae Blabomma uenoi Paik and Yaginuma 1969 of Dictynidae Philodromus pseudoexilis Paik 1979 of Philodromidae and Philodromus leucomarginatus Paik 1979 of Philodromidae which were not collected by the authors or could not loaned from research institutions descrip-tions and reillustrations are made according to original description into the format of this work for the completion In the case of one of the both genders collected only descriptions were limited to the collected gender Uroctea limbata of Oecobiidae which domestic distribution is uncertain and Heteropoda venatoria which is evaluated as regional extinction (RE) (NIBR 2014) were only described their current status in Korean spider fauna

Spiders are collected by many of the same methods used for insects hand picking sweeping beating shifting and pitfall trapping The spiders used in this work are preserved in 85 ethyl alcohol and most of the taxonomic and morphologic characters in the keys and descriptions were observed under stereoscopic dissecting microscope Female and male body female epigynum and left palp of palp with some distinctive characters are described and illustrated Main taxonomic

AB

C

Fig 1 External features of Cybaeid spiders A Body dorsal view B Body ventral view C Eye re-gion from above

Leg I

Leg III

Eye

Tarsus

Anterior mddian eye

Labium Endite

Epigynum

Posterior median eye

Epigastricfurrow

Sternum

Spinneret

Anteriorlateral eye

Posteriorlateral eye

Chelicera Fang

Epigastric plate

Femur

Leg II

Leg IV

Cervical furrow

Metatarsus

Trochanter

Palp

Carapace

Tibia

Fovea

Chelicera

AbdomenMuscle impressionSpinneret

Radial furrow

Patella

Coxa

7Material and Methods

characters and terminology of them are shown in Fig 1Key of the genera and species was organized with easily observed taxonomic characters in which

those of male and female were combined Changes of the scientific names of each species and syn-onymies are listed The present synonymies used a condensed format with reference to each paper given in the bibliography The original name is given along with the author and initial page of taxo-nomic accounts Repetition of authors is avoided and authors are chronologically arranged In the synonymies spiders from faunistic studies without reliable taxonomic information were excluded The order of families taxonomic names and Korean names mainly follow Platnickrsquos Catalog ver 150 (2014) Bibliographic Check list of Korean Spiders (Arachnida Araneae) ver 2010 (Namkung et al 2009) and (NIBR 2013)

Araneae Oecobiidae Oecobius 9

Taxonomic Notes

Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold 1848Jeol-ji-dong-mul-mun (절지동물문)

An arthropod is an invertebrate animal belonging to phylum Arthropoda having an exoskeleton a segmented body and jointed appendages The arthropod body plan is a bilateral symmetry and consists of repeated segments the segments usually grouped in two or three rather distinct regions each with paired segmented appendages A chitinous exoskeleton which is periodically shed and renewed as the animal grows Phylum Arthropoda include the insects arachnids crustaceans and others Members of the Arthropoda are the most species-rich members of all ecological guilds in most environments

Class Arachnida Cuvier 1812Geo-mi-gang (거미강)

The arachnids that comprise the class Arachnida have bodies found on eighteen segments or so-mites often protected by tergites above and sternites below connected by softer pleural membrane Of these somites six form the cephalothorax (=prosoma) and twelve the abdomen (=ophisthosoma) These two parts may be united across their whole breadth or may be jointed by a narrow waist or pedicel The cephalothorax carries six parts of limbs or appendages The chelicerae are the only ones in front of the mouth They are followed by a pair of pedipalpi and four pairs of legs Usu-ally there are no appendages on the abdomen but spiders (Araneae) have abdominal spinnerets Class Aachnida is classified as eleven major orders including scorpions spiders harvestmens and others Most arachnids are predators but some mites are parasites or herbivores

Order Araneae Clerck 1757Geo-mi-mok (거미목)

The spiders of the order Araneae have the cephalothorax and abdomen united by a narrow cylin-drical pedicel with eight legs The carapace is uniform and bears six or eight eyes The abdomen carries a group of six or four spinnerets The chelicerae are pointed and contain poison glands The pedipalpi are leg-like and carry the copulatory organ in males Respiration is by book lungs or tracheae or both Spiders produce silk threads and spin distinct webs which vary widely in size shape and the amount of sticky thread used in web builders Though hunting spiders also pro-duce silk threads most of them do not spin webs like web builders A herbivorous species was de-


scribed but all other known species are predators mostly preying on insects and on other spiders although a few large species also take birds and lizards

Family Oecobiidae Blackwall 1862Ti-kkeul-geo-mi-gwa (티끌거미과)

The spider family Ocobiidae is a family comprising 6 genera and 110 species occurring worldwide

(Platnick 2014) Oecobiid spiders are small to medium-sized (30-150 mm) araneomorph spiders with three tarsal claws belonging to entelegyne with cribellate and ecribellate genera Carapace subcircular wider than long cephalic snout distinct (Fig 2A B) Six to eight eyes in two rows in a compact group near carapace center posterior median eyes variable in shape circular or subcircu-lar (Fig 2B) Chelicerae short condyle absent fangs short cheliceral teeth absent Sternum heart-shaped wider than long apex pointed males with spatulate setae on margin Legs short with a few or no spines subequal in length arranged in a radiate fashion (Fig 2A) Abdomen more or less flattened oval to round slightly overlapping posterior part of carapace anal tubercle large with two segments provided with long fringed setae (Fig 2A C) Anterior spinnerets short and domed two segments with distal segment short posterior spinnerets two-segmented with distal segment long and curved (Fig 2C) Small species pale with dark white granules large species blackish brown to black with pale and large spots on dorsum Female epigynum with plate variable or fur-

A

B

C

Fig 2 Taxonomic characters of Oecobiidae A body B eye region C anal tubercle and spinner-ets


rowed Male palpal tibia unmodified to globular without apophysis embolus short conductor variable Most Oecobiid spiders construct star-like mesh-webs or disc-webs and commonly found between crevices on rocks at the edges of furnitures and widow frames or on the walls

Type genus Oecobius Lucas 1846

Key to the genera of family Oecobiidae

1 Cribellum and calamistrum present construct star-like mesh webs Oecobius- Cribellum and calamistrum absent anal tubercle with spoon-shaped long hairs construct disc

webs Uroctea

Genus Oecobius Lucas 1846Ti-kkeul-geo-mi-sok (티끌거미속)

Carapace nearly heart-shaped wider than long slightly projected anteriorly head region slightly higher than thoracic region Median eyes of both eye rows dark Abdomen broad oval Legs light with annulations Anal tubercle with fringed long curved setae Cribellum divided into two parts partially Female epigynum aimple and wrinkled at middle Male palp with well developed tegu-lar apophysis

Type species Oecobius cellariorum (Dugegraves 1836)

1 Oecobius navus Blackwall 1859 (Fig 3 Pl 1)Ti-kkeul-geo-mi (티끌거미)

Oecobius navus Blackwall 1859 p 266 Simon 1893 p 435 Kulczyński 1899 p 333 Butler 1929 p 49 Mello-Leitatildeo 1943 p 153 Wunderlich 1987 p 115 (previous references to this species as O annulipes are considered by Wunderlich to be misidentifications) Wunderlich 1992 p 349 Rob-erts 1995 p 89 Wunderlich 1995a p 595 Wunderlich 1995b p 691 Song Chen and Zhu 1997 p 1704 Roberts 1998 p 92 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 77 Namkung 2001 p 64 Santos and Gonzaga 2003 p 240 Paquin and Dupeacuterreacute 2003 p 176 Namkung 2003 p 66 Griswold et al 2005 p 33 Ono 2009 p 127 Paquin Vink and Dupeacuterreacute 2010 p 38 Le Peru 2011 p 325 Yin et al 2012 p 205

Thalamia parietalis Hentz 1850 p 35Oecobius ionicus OP-Cambridge 1873g p 531Oecobius annulipes Simon 1875a p 9 (misidentified) Simon 1892 p 247 (misidentified) Hassan

1953 p 21 Denis 1962 p 104 Ledoux 1963 p 100 Kritscher 1966 p 285 Shear 1970 p 138 Baum 1972 p 117 Shear and Benoit 1974 p 710 Kullmann and Zimmermann 1976b p 442 Ritchie 1978 p 210 Paik 1978 p 201 Yaginuma 1986 p 16 Song 1987 p 87 Kumada 1988 p 1 Chikuni 1989 p 24 Coddington 1990 p 10 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 38 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 54 Jocqueacute and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006 p 188

Oecobius annulipes immaculatus Schmidt 1956e p 140


Omanus maculatus Keyserling 1891 p 160 (preoccupied by Simon 1870 sub Oecobius)Oecobius parietalis Simon 1892a p 247 Emerton 1909 p 212 Comstock 1912 p 288 Chamberlin

and Ivie 1935c p 267 Kaston 1948 p 499Oecobius maculatus Petrunkevitch 1911 p 114Oecobius hammondi Mello-Leitatildeo 1915a p 132Oecobius variabilis Mello-Leitatildeo 1917a p 78 Mello-Leitatildeo 1917b p 10Oecobius fluminensis Mello-Leitatildeo 1917b pp 9 10Oecobius keyserlingi Roewer 1951 p 454 (replacement name for Omanus maculatus Keyserling

1891)Oecobius hortensis Lawrence 1952 p 185Oecobius immaculatus Denis 1963 p 45 (female elevated to species)Thalamia annulipes Lehtinen 1967 pp 254 269 (transferred from Oecobius)Oecobius trifidivulva Benoit 1976 p 669

Female Body length 25-30 mm Carapace light brown disc-shaped longer than wide or sub-equal in length and width anterior part slightly protruded dusky stripe stretched from eye region to center of thoracic region margin dusky fovea reddish brown spiniform (Fig 3A) Eight eyes grouped eye region black (Fig 3A) Chelicerae yellowish brownand very weak bossand marginal tooth absent Sternum yellowish brown triangle-shaped Legs yellowish brown robust with black-ish gray annulations trichobothria on metatarsi and tarsi calamistrum present Abdomen light gray flat ovoid longer than wide white scale patterns and grayish brown bands scattered on dor-sum (Fig 3A) venter with divided cribellum Posterior spinnerets long 2-segmented anal tubercle encircled with fringe-shaped long hairs Female epigynum sclerotized and concave wrinkled at

A

B

C

Fig 3 Oecobius navus A female body B female epigynum C male palp

Araneae Oecobiidae Uroctea 13

middle spermathecae visible from outside (Fig 3B)Male Body length 20-25 mm Similar to female with smaller body and darker body coloration

Male palp with well developed tegular apophysis (Fig 3C)

Distribution Korea Japan China Europe (Cosmopolitan)Korea JN JJspecimens examineD 1 1 (Gapado Isl Seogwipo-si Jeju-do 31viii1993)ecology Mainly found on white and star-shaped flat web in 4-5 mm in diameter at the corner

of window sills or furnitures in constructions

Genus Uroctea Dufour 1820Nap-geo-mi-sok (납거미속)

Carapcace wider than long projected anteriorly like snout Eight eyes arranged in two rows Chelicerae relatively weak marginal teeth and boss absent Abdomen flat Legs without spines trichobothria calamistra Anal tubercle very large with two segments spoon-shaped long hairs present Posterior spinnerets longer than anterior spinnerets distal segments longer than basal segments Female epigynum simple broadly rounded sclerotised Male palp with robust tegular apophysis embolus long and protruded

Type species Uroctea durandi (Latreille 1809)

Key to the species of genus Uroctea

1 Carapace brown abdominal dorsum with white marking connected in a ring U compactilis- Carapace blackish brown abdominal dorsum with 4 pairs of white spots U limbata

2 Uroctea compactilis L Koch 1878 (Fig 4 Pl 2)Nam-nyeok-nap-geo-mi (남녘납거미)

Uroctea compactilis L Koch 1878 p 749 Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 126 Nakatsudi 1942 p 303 Saitō 1959 p 35 Yaginuma 1960 p 47 Yaginuma 1971 p 47 Baum 1972 p 110 Hikichi 1977 p 154 Paik 1978 p 297 Hu 1984 p 84 Zhu 1984 p 170 Yaginuma 1986 p 90 Chikuni 1989 p 96 Feng 1990 p 49 Chen and Gao 1990 p 41 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 80 Kim and Lee 1998 p 53 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 78 Namkung 2001 p 66 Kim and Cho 2002 p 62 Namkung 2003 p 68 Ono 2009 p 148 Yin et al 2012 p 206

Female Body length 80-100 mm Carapace brown flat and semicircle-shaped wider than long anterior part slightly protruded radial furrow distinct cervical furrow faint fovea transverse (Fig 4A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved eye region black (Fig 4A) Cheli-cerae very weak boss and mardinal tooth absent Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped with blunt posterior part Legs light brown covered with black hairs calamistrum absent Abdomen


black flat and elliptical with pointed posterior part longer than wide white marking connected in a ring on dorsum (Fig 4A) but variable venter without cribellum Posterior spinnerets with lon-ger distal segment than basal segment 2-segmented anal tubercle large and encircled with spoon-shaped long hairs Female epigynum sclerotized and concave depression of posterior part narrow and deep spermathecae and copulatory duct visible from outside like lsquoMrsquo (Fig 4B)

Male Body length 60-70 mm Similar to female with smaller body and lighter body coloration Male palp with thick and well developed tegular apophysis and long and pointed subterminal apophysis (Fig 4C)

3 Uroctea lesserti Schenkel 1936 (Fig 5 Pl 3)Dae-ryuk-nap-geo-mi (대륙납거미)

Uroctea lesserti Schenkel 1936b p 266 Kraus and Baum 1972 p 167 Baum 1972 p 110 Baum 1980 p 354 Wen and Zhu 1980 p 40 Hu 1984 p 83 Zhu 1984 p 169 Zhu 1985 p 66 Zhang 1987 p 61 Feng 1990 p 50 Kim and Namkung 1992 p 102 Kim and Lee 1998 p 54 Song

A

B

C

Fig 4 Uroctea compactilis A female body B female epigynum C male palp


Zhu and Chen 1999 p 78 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 83 Namkung 2001 p 65 Namkung 2003 p 67 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 56

Uroctea 11-maculata Schenkel 1953b p 15Uroctea joannisi Schenkel 1963 p 99Uroctea limbata Namkung 1964 p 37 (misidentified) Paik 1978e p 299 (misidentified)Uroctea undecimmaculata Brignoli 1983c p 216

Female Body length 80-100 mm Carapace blackish brown flat and semicircle-shaped wider than long anterior part slightly protruded radial furrowblack fovea transverse (Fig 5A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows procurved (Fig 5A) Chelicerae very weak boss and mar-dinal tooth absent Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs brown with black hairs Abdo-men black flat and elliptical with pointed posterior part longer than wide 3 pairs of muscle im-pressions and 3-4 pairs of white markings on dorsum (Fig 5A) variable venter without cribellum Posterior spinnerets with longer distal segment than basal segment 2-segmented anal tubercle large and encircled with spoon-shaped long hairs Female epigynum sclerotized and concave depres-sion of posterior part broad and round spermathecae and copulatory duct partially visible from outside like lsquoMrsquo (Fig 5B)

A

B

C

Fig 5 Uroctea lesserti A female body B female epigynum C male palp


Male Body length 50-60 mm Similar to female with smaller body carapace dark yellowish brown Male palp with thick and well developed tegular apophysis and thick and spoon-shaped subterminal apophysis (Fig 5C)

Distribution Korea Japan RussiaKorea All provinces except Jeju-dospecimens examineD 1 (Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 31vii1998) 1 (Goesan-gun Chungcheong-

buk-do 14x2012) 1 (Chungju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 30v1964) 1 (Taean-gun Chungcheong-nam-do 30vii2014) 1 (Muju-gun Jeollabuk-do 25vii2012) 1 (Ganghwa-gun Incheon-si 15 vi1994) 1 (Mt Daemosan Gangnam-gu Seoul 5x1997)

ecology Mainly found on white disc web on the wall of constructions and barn or in the crevices of pillars

4 Uroctea limbata (CL Koch 1843)Nap-geo-mi (납거미)

Clotho limbata CL Koch 1843 p 89Uroctea limbata Thorell 1875 p 71 Roewer 1960b p 51 Benoit 1966 p 191 Kritscher 1966c p 12

Baum 1972 p 112 Kim and Namkung 1992 p 103 Kunt et al 2009 p 98

On domestic distribution of this species Namkung et al (2009) and NIBR (2013) listed this species as Korean indigenous spiders Platnick (2014) describe that this species is distributed in Korea ac-cording to Kim and Namkung (1992 p 103 f 7-9) However Kim and Namkung (1992) described and illustrated this species with Russian specimen and cited genitalia of Baum (1972 p 112 f 9) Therefore it is uncertain its domestic distribution in current status

Family Oxyopidae Thorell 1870Seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi-gwa (스라소니거미과)

The spider family Oxyopidae is a family comprising 5 genera and 450 species occurring world-wide (Platnick 2014) Oxyopid spiders are small to medium-sized (50-230 mm) araneomorph spiders with three tarsal claws belonging to entelegyne without cribellum Carapace high longer than wide convex anteriorly sloping posteriorly clypeus high and vertical usually with stripe and spot patterns (Fig 6A C) Eight eyes arranged hexagonal shape anterior median eyes small-est anterior row strongly recurved posterior row slightly procurved (Fig 6B C) Chelicerae long fang short lower furrow smooth or with one teeth condyle present Sternum shield-shaped Ab-domen tapered posteriorly usually with stripe and spot patterns on dorsum (Fig 6A) Legs long with prominent spines (Fig 6D) trochanters slightly notched tarsal organ capsulate Spinnerets unmodified middle pair smallest colulus present Body color varies from light green to yellowish brown or dark brown Female epigynum varies highly sclerotised Male palp variable usually

Araneae Oxyopidae Oxyopes 17

with tibial apophysis and paracymbium Most Oxyopid spiders wanders around plant and some species spin small webs

Type genus Oxyopes Latreille 1804

Genus Oxyopes Latreille 1804Seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi-sok (스라소니거미속)

Carapace broad oval longer than wide clypeus very high Eight eyes in four rows arranged as 2 2 2 2 all eyes black anterior median eyes smallest Chelicerae narrow distally with small condyle and scopulae both margins with one tooth fang short Sternum narrow Abdomen longer than wide broad anteriorly tapered and pointed posteriorly with normal and scale-like hairs Legs long and well developed with conspicuous long black spines shallow notch on trochanters ventrally tarsi without scopulae 2 rows of trichobothria on tibiae metatarsi and tarsi dorsally Tip of female palp with claw Female epigynum with or without protruded median septum with broad base Male palp with well developed retrolateral tibial apophysis

Type species Oxyopes heterophthalmus (Latreille 1804)

Key to the species of genus Oxyopes

1 Carapace blackish brown chelicerae with 1 tooth on each margin O licenti- Carapace yellowish white or yellowish brown chelicerae with 2 promarginal teeth and 1 retro-

A

BC

D

Fig 6 Taxonomic characters of Oxyopidae A body B eye region from above C eye region from front D leg


marginal tooth 22 Female epigynum with epigynal ledge male palp with small and thumb-shaped retrolateral tib-

ial apophysis O koreanus- Female epigynum without epigynal ledge male palp with large and hook-shaped retrolateral

tibial apophysis O sertatus

5 Oxyopes koreanus Paik 1969 (Fig 7)Bun-seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi (분스라소니거미)

Oxyopes koreanus Paik 1969b p 110 Paik 1978 p 382 Paik and Namkung 1979 p 58 Yoshikura 1984 p 7 Namkung 2001 p 354 Namkung 2003 p 356 Ono and Ban 2009 p 249

Female Body length 65-90 mm Carapace yellowish white convex longer than wide 4 black longitudinal stripes stretched clypeus very high fovea reddish brown and spininform (Fig 7A) Both eye rows strongly retrocurved posterior eye row strongly procurved 8 eyes arranged like 4 rows (2 2 2 2) (Fig 7A) Chelicerae yellowish brown basal segment very long fang short 2 pro-marginal teeth and 1 retromarginal tooth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs yellowish brown with long spines black longitudinal stripe stretched on venter of femora dorsum of patellae

A

B

CD

Fig 7 Oxyopes koreanus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp


and tibiae Abdomen yellowish white longer than wide tapered posteriorly yellowish brown car-diac pattern stretched on dorsum with dusky mottled patterns laterally (Fig 7A) venter with black stripe stretched from epigastric furrow to spinnerets Female epigynum sclerotized with round rectangular epigynal ledge spermathecae partially visible from outside (Fig 7B)

Male Body length 45-60 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with small and thumb-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis embolus with pointed tip long conductor with curved tip thick (Fig 7C D)

Distribution Korea JapanKorea All provinces except Jeju-dospecimens examineD 1 (Yanggu-gun Gangwon-do 28viii2002) 1 (Mt Hwayasan Gapyeong-

gun Gyeonggi-do 26viii2002) 1 (Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 8vii1992) 1 (Chungju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 18vi2014) 1 1 (Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do 10vi2008) 1 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 10vi2008) 2 (Dong-gu Daejeon-si 17vi12013)

ecology Wander the low vegetation around the mountain or field or meadow

6 Oxyopes licenti Schenkel 1953 (Fig 8 Pl 4)A-gi-seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi (아기스라소니거미)

Oxyopes licenti Schenkel 1953b p 81 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 400 Marusik and Koponen 2000 p 64 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 302 Namkung 2001 p 355 Kim and Cho 2002 p 223 Namkung 2003 p 357 Ono and Ban 2009 p 249 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 335 Marusik and Kovblyuk 2011 p 205

Oxyopes badius Yaginuma 1967a p 98 Yoshikura 1984b p 9 Yaginuma 1986 p 157 Chikuni 1989b p 117

Oxyopes parvus Paik 1969b p 114 Paik 1978e p 385 Paik and Namkung 1979 p 59 Hu 1984 p 269 Guo 1985 p 137 Zhu 1985 p 147 Song 1987 p 250 Zhang 1987 p 170 Chen and Gao 1990 p 141 Zhao 1993 p 313 Marusik Hippa and Koponen 1996 p 40 Hu 2001 p 223

Oxyopes ramosus Hu 1980 p 69 (misidentified) Hu 1984 p 270 (misidentified) Guo 1985 p 139

(misidentified)

Female Body length 65-95 mm Carapace blackish brown convex longer than wide 4 black longitudinal stripes stretched clypeus very high cervical furrow and radial furrow indistinct fovea reddish brown and spininform (Fig 8A) Both eye rows strongly retrocurved posterior eye row strongly procurved 8 eyes arranged like 4 rows (2 2 2 2) (Fig 8A) Chelicerae brown boss present 1 tooth on each margin Sternum dark brown with yellow stripe in the center Legs brown with long spines thinner towards the end Abdomen yellowish brown spindle-shaped longer than wide dark brown cardiac pattern stretched on dorsum with grayish white slash patterns laterally

(Fig 8A) venter with dark brown stripe stretched from epigastric furrow to spinnerets Female epigynum sclerotized with triangular epigynal ledge (Fig 8B)

Male Body length 50-70 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with small retrolateral tibial apophysis embolus with pointed tip long con-ductor with curved tip thick (Fig 8C D)


Distribution Korea Japan RussiaKorea All provinces except Jeju-dospecimens examineD 1 (Yeongweol-gun Gangwon-do 17vi2013) 1 (Cheorwon-gun Gang-

won-do 7vii1997) 1 2 (Hwacheon-gun Gangwon-do 3vi1997) 1 (Mt Daeseongsan Hwacheon-gun Gangwon-do 6vii1997) 2 (Mt Mugapsan Gwangju-si Gyeonggi-do 31v 1998) 1 (Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 17vi1997) 1 2 (Pocheon-si Gyeonggi-do 20v1997) 3 1 (Goesan-gun Chungcheongbuk-do 16vi1995) 1 (Jecheon-si Chungcheongbuk-do 5 vi1997) 1 (Geumsan-gun Chungcheongnam-do 15vi1995) 1 (Uljin-gun Gyeongsangbuk-do 25vi1997) 2 (Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do 22vii2008) 1 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk- do 30vii2013) 1 (Gangjin-gun Jeollanam-do 10vi1993) 1 (Mt Mudeungsan Buk-gu Gwang-ju-si 3vi2013)

ecology Wander the low vegetation around the mountain field or meadow

7 Oxyopes sertatus L Koch 1878 (Fig 9 Pl 5)Nat-pyo-seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi (낯표스라소니거미)

Oxyopes sertatus L Koch 1878c p 779 Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 327 Saitō 1933 p 59 Sher-riffs 1955 p 303 Yaginuma 1960 p 90 Lee 1966 p 63 Paik 1969 p 107 Yaginuma 1971 p 90

A

B

CD

Fig 8 Oxyopes licenti A female body B female epigynum C male palp D retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp


Paik 1978 p 387 Hu 1980 p 67 Song 1980 p 178 Wang 1981 p 126 Yoshikura 1982 p 43 Hu 1984 p 271 Yoshikura 1984 p 1 Yoshikura 1984b p 6 Guo 1985 p 139 Yaginuma 1986a p 156 Song 1987 p 251 Yoshikura 1987 p 268 Zhang 1987 p 171 Song 1988 p 134 Chikuni 1989 p 117 Feng 1990 p 166 Chen and Gao 1990 p 142 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 231 Zhao 1993 p 311 Barrion and Litsinger 1994 p 301 Xie and Kim 1996 p 36 Song Chen and Zhu 1997 p 1725 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 400 Namkung 2001 p 353 Namkung 2003 p 355 Ono and Ban 2009 p 249 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 336 Yin et al 2012 p 917

Argiope aequior Chamberlin 1924a p 16

Female Body length 90-110 mm Carapace yellowish brown convex longer than wide 4 black longitudinal stripes stretched clypeus very high fovea reddish brown and spininform (Fig 9A) Both eye rows strongly retrocurved posterior eye row strongly procurved 8 eyes arranged like 4 rows (2 2 2 2) (Fig 9A) Chelicerae yellowish brown boss present 2 promarginal teeth and 1 retro-marginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown with 3 pairs of black markings laterally and 1 black mark-ing at posterior end Legs yellowish brown with long spines black longitudinal stripe stretched on venter of femora patellae and tibiae Abdomen yellowish white elliptical longer than wide yellowish brown cardiac pattern stretched on dorsum with black pattern laterally (Fig 9A) venter with dark brown stripe stretched in the center Female epigynum without epigynal ledge sperma-thecae and copulatory duct partially visible from outside (Fig 9B)

A

B

CD

Fig 9 Oxyopes sertatus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp


Male Body length 70-90 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with large and hook-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis embolus with pointed tip long conductor with curved tip thick (Fig 9C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China TaiwanKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 18vii2007) 2

(Muju-gun Jeollabuk-do 20vii2014) 2 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 17vi2011) 2 (Seogwipo-si Jeju-do 12vi1992) 2 (Jeju-si Jeju-do 17viii1992)


Family Cybaeidae Banks 1892Gul-ttuk-geo-mi-gwa (굴뚝거미과)

The spider family Cybaeidae is a family comprising 10 genera and 178 species occurring world-wide (Platnick 2014) Cybaeid spiders are small to medium (14-140 mm) araneomorph spiders with three tarsal claws belonging to entelegyne without cribellum Carapace generally pyriform longer than wide hairless and shiny fovea spiniform and longitudinal (Fig 10A) Eight eyes in

A

B

C

Fig 10 Taxonomic characters of Cybaeidae A body B eye region C spinnerets

Araneae Cybaeidae Argyroneta 23

two rows anterior median eyes reduced other eyes subequal in size eye area infuscate (Fig 10B) Chelicerae slightly geniculate with boss and marginal marginal tooth Sternum shield-shaped trun-cate anteriorly acuminate posteriorly Abdomen ovoid longer than wide dorsal pattern distinct or absent (Fig 10A) Legs robust and spiny claw tuft absent 2-8 trichobothria in a single row on dorsum Spinnerets conical and short posterior spinnerets with very short terminal segment (Fig 10C) colulus vestigial Body color varies from pale to dark gray Female epigynum simple atrium inconspicuous slightly sclerotised Male palp variable tibial apophysis distinct embolus simple and spiral Most Cybaeid spiders except Argyroneta wander around plant and some species spin small funnel webs under leaf litters or rocks

Type genus Cybaeus L Koch 1868

Key to the genera of family Cybaeidae

1 Carapace furrows indistinct anterior and posterior spinnerets subequal in length inhabit the water Argyroneta

- Carapace furrows distinct anterior spinnerets shorter than posterior spinnerets terrestrial Cybaeus

Genus Argyroneta Latreille 1804Mul-geo-mi-sok (물거미속)

Carapace ovoid longer than wide sloped laterally Fovea indistinct radial groove vague Both eye rows procurved anterior median eyes smallest others subequal in size Chelicerae robust al-most vertical in females slightly projected in males promargin with 3 teeth and retromargin with 2 teeth boss small Sternum heart-shaped pointed posteriorly Abdomen ovoid longer than wide covered with short hairs Legs I and II with ventral spines tarsi with 2 rows of trichobothria leg IV with modified spines femur IV with very wide comb of fine hairs ventrally trochanters without notch Anterior spinnerets and posterior spinnerets thin and subequal in length anterior spinnerets conical and posterior spinnerets cylindrical no colulus Female epigynum with widely divided by a broad septum copulatory openings widely separated from each other Male palp with long bristles on tibia cymbium narrow and long distally embolus arising on prolateral side of tegulum Spend a lifetime in the water

Type species Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck 1757)

8 Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck 1757) (Fig 11 Pl 6)Mul-geo-mi (물거미)

Araneus aquaticus Clerck 1757 p 143Aranea aquatica Linnaeus 1758 p 623 Fabricius 1775 p 436 Fabricius 1781 p 542 Olivier 1789 p

226 Latreille 1804a p 217Aranea urinatoria Poda 1761 p 123


Aranea amphibia Muumlller 1776 p 194Argyroneta aquatica Latreille 1804 p 134 Sundevall 1831 p 24 Sundevall 1832 p 131 Hahn

1834 p 33 CL Koch 1841a p 60 Blackwall 1861 p 137 Menge 1871 p 294 Simon 1875 p 29 Hansen 1882 p 48 Becker 1896 p 184 Chyzer and Kulczyński 1897 p 176 Simon 1898a p 234 Boumlsenberg 1902 p 239 Reimoser 1928 p 104 Dahl 1937 p 116 Simon 1937 pp 980 1034 Drensky 1942 p 35 Crome 1951 p 1 Locket and Millidge 1953 p 6 Lehtinen 1967 p 450 Azheganova 1968 p 20 Loksa 1969 p 125 Tyschchenko 1971 p 158 Miller 1971 p 172 de Blauwe 1973 p 4 Palmgren 1977 p 8 Paik 1978 p 302 Zhu 1982 p 29 Hu 1984 p 212 Rob-erts 1985 p 154 Yaginuma 1986 p 153 Song 1987 p 197 Chikuni 1989b p 97 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 366 Bennett 1992 p 6 Grothendieck and Kraus 1994 p 259 Roberts 1995 p 239 Namkung Kim and Lim 1996 p 112 Mcheidze 1997 p 202 Roberts 1998 p 257 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 355 Ono 2002a p 53 Namkung 2001 p 365 Namkung 2003 p 367 Cai and Li 2004 p 93 Almquist 2005 p 271 Jaumlger 2006d p 5 Ono 2009 p 169 Marusik and Kovblyuk 2011 p 121 Oumlzkuumltuumlk et al 2013 p 72

Argyroneta aquatica japonica Ono 2002a p 53Clubiona fallax Walckenaer 1837 p 603

Female Body length 80-150 mm Carapace yellowish brown to reddish brown longer than wide balck bristles stretched medianly and laterally head region high cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea indistinct (Fig 11A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows slightly retrocurved (Fig 11A) Chelicerae dark brown 2 retromarginal teeth Sternum brown cylinder-

A

B

C D

Fig 11 Argyroneta aquatica A female body B female epigynum C male palp inner view D male palp retrolateral view

Araneae Cybaeidae Cybaeus 25

shaped covered with long and black hairs Legs yellowish brown with dense hairs tibiae and metatarsi of 3rd and 4th legs with many spines Abdomen yellowish brown broad oval longer than wide covered with black hairs without particular pattern (Fig 11A) Anterior spinnerets conical and contiguous posterior spinnerets thinner than anterior spinnerets but subequal in length Fe-male epigynum with widely divided by a broad septum copulatory openings widely separated from each other (Fig 11B)

Male Body length 90-120 mm Similar to female with smaller body long and thin legs Male palp with long bristles on tibia cymbium narrow and long distally embolus arising on prolateral side of tegulum (Fig 11C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China Mongolia Russia Europe (Palearctic)Korea GGspecimens examineD 3 2 (Yeoncheon-gun Gyeonggi-do 6iv1996) 4 4 (Yeon-

cheon-gun Gyeonggi-do 2vi1996) 1 2 (Yeoncheon-gun Gyeonggi-do 21vii1996)ecology Construct hemispheric retreat which is filled with air between marsh plants in the

water All behaviors such as predation of prey oviposition molting and mating are done in the retreat This speccies spend lifetime in the water This species is a special case returning to water from terrestrial environment

Genus Cybaeus L Koch 1868Gul-ttuk-geo-mi-sok (굴뚝거미속)

Carapace ovoid longer than wide sloped laterally Fovea longitudinal radial groove distinct Anterior eye row shorter than posterior row anterior median eyes smallest Chelicerae robust al-most vertical in females slightly projected in males promargin with 3 teeth and retromargin with 3-5 teeth and denticles Abdomen ovoid longer than wide Tibia of leg I with 2-3 pairs of spines Anterior spinnerets shorter than posterior spinnerets basal segments very short colulus vestigial Female epigynum very simple slightly sclerotised large hole-shaped atrium downward Male palp with well developed retrolateral tibial apophysis and tegular apophysis Terrestrial

Type species Cybaeus tetricus (CL Koch 1839)

Key to the species of genus Cybaeus

1 Head region black abdorminal dorsum without particular pattern male palp without promi-nent retrolateral tibial apophysis C whanseunensis

- Carapace black abdorminal dorsum with several pairs of white markings male palp with prominent retrolateral tibial apophysis 2

2 Sternum shield-shaped embolus of male palp short C aratrum- Sternum heart-shaped embolus of male palp long 33 Legs without annulation patellar apophysis of male palp without small spike C longus- Legs with annulations patellar apophysis of male palp with small spikes 44 Epigynal artrium broad embolus of male palp extended to the bottom of tegulum

C mosanensis


- Epigynal artrium chestnut-shaped embolus of male palp extended to the lateral side of tegulum C triangulus

9 Cybaeus aratrum Kim and Kim 2008Jaeng-gi-gul-ttuk-geo-mi (쟁기굴뚝거미)

Cybaeus aratrum Kim and Kim 2008 p 10

Male Body length about 97 mm Carapace longer than wide eye region slightly narrow head region high longitudinal fovea distinct Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row straight and posterior eye row slightly procurved Chelicerae with long bristles 3 promarginal teeth and 3 teeth with 6 small denticles on the retromargin Sternum shile-shaped Legs yellowish brown tibiae metatarsi and tarsi with 14-17 7-8 and 9 trichobothria respectively Abdomen ovoid longer than wide white spots and irregular chevron patterns at posterior part of dorsum cribellum absent See detail description and illustrations on male of Kim and Kim (2008 p 10 f 6-9)

Female Unknown

Distribution KoreaKorea GWecology Found around streams in coppice with Abeies holophilla Maxim and Quercus mongolica

Fischer

10 Cybaeus longus Paik 1966 (Fig 12)Wang-gul-ttuk-geo-mi (왕굴뚝거미)

Cybaeus longus Paik 1966 p 33 Paik 1978 p 305 Namkung 2001 p 367 Namkung 2003 p 369

Female Body length about 145 mm Carapac yellowish brown longer than wide head region high and reddish brown cervical furrow and radial furrow black fovea distinct and reddish brown

(Fig 12A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row straight and posterior eye row retro-curved (Fig 12A) Chelicerae dark brown boss distinct 3 promarginal teeth and 3-4 teeth with 5-6 denticles on the retromargin Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped margin black Legs brown without annulation Abdomen black ovoid longer than wide 4-5 pairs of yellowish white mark-ings on dorsum (Fig 12A) venter yellowish white Spinnerets yellowish brown cylinder-shaped anterior spinnerets longer than posterior spinnerets Colulus degenerated Female epigynum with round artrium and semicircular depressions at upper part of atrium spermathecae visible from outside (Fig 12B)

Male Body length about 125 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration See detail description and illustrations on male of Namkung (2001 p 367 f b)

Distribution Korea


Korea GW GG GB JJspecimens examineD 1 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 22vii2010) 2 (Mt Bang-

taesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 10ix2010)ecology Abundance is low Construct V-shaped tunnel web between leaf litters or under the

stone in mountainous region

11 Cybaeus mosanensis Paik and Namkung 1967 (Fig 13 Pl 7)Mo-san-gul-ttuk-geo-mi (모산굴뚝거미)

Cybaeus nipponicus Paik 1966 p 31 (misidentified)Cybaeus mosanensis Paik and Namkung 1967 p 22 Paik 1978e p 306 Namkung 2001 p 366

Namkung 2003 p 368

Female Body length 44-82 mm Carapace yellowish brown longer than wide head region high darker than thoracic region cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct longitudinal fovea reddish brown (Fig 13A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row straight and posterior eye row slightly retrocurved (Fig 13A) Chelicerae dark brown boss distinct 3 promarginal teeth and 8 denticles on the retromargin Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs yellowish brown

A

B

Fig 12 Cybaeus longus A female body B female epigynum


femora and tibiae with 3 and 2 black annulations respectively Abdomen black ovoid longer than wide several pairs of yellowish white markings on dorsum (Fig 13A) venter yellowish white Fe-male epigynum with broad artrium spermathecae and copulatory duct partially visible from out-side (Fig 13B)

Male Body length about 70 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with long and depressed retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig 13C) patellar apophysis with many small spikes (Fig 13D) embolus long and pointed (Fig 13C)

Distribution KoreaKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Inje-gun Ganowon-do 3vi2008) 2 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun

Gangwon-do 22vii2010) 11 13 (Mt Jeombongsan Inje-gun Ganowon-do 27viii1999) 1 (Mt Mugapsan Gwangju-si Gyeonggi-do 27ix1994) 1 (Mt Chilbosan Suwon-si Gyeonggi- do 17ix2002) 1 (Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do 25viii2006) 7 (Pocheon-si Gyeonggi-do 2vii 2001) 1 1 (Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 12iv2009) 1 (Sangju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 9x2014) 17 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 18vii2007) 7 (Chilgok-gun Gyeong-sangbuk-do 26vii2008) 2 (Miryang-si Gyeongsangnam-do 27vii2009) 31 (Mt Naejang-san Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 27vi2013) 6 (Hwasun-gun Jeollanam-do 3vi2008) 5 (Mt Mudeungsan Buk-gu Gwangju-si 4vi2013)

ecology Abundance is high Construct tunnel web between leaf litters or under the stone in mountainous region Also found in caves

A

B

CD

Fig 13 Cybaeus mosanensis A female body B female epigynum C male palp D patellar apoph-ysis of male palp


12 Cybaeus triangulus Paik 1966 (Fig 14)Sam-gak-gul-ttuk-geo-mi (삼각굴뚝거미)

Cybaeus triangulus Paik 1966 p 34 Paik 1978 p 309 Namkung 2001 p 368 Kim and Cho 2002 p 236 Namkung 2003 p 370

Female Body length about 125 mm Carapace yellowish brown longer than wide head region reddish brown cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea longitudinal (Fig 14A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row straight and posterior eye row straight or slightly retro-curve (Fig 14A) Chelicerae dark brown projected like knee boss distinct 3 promarginal teeth and 4-5 teeth with 3-5 denticles on the retromargin Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs brown femora and tibiae with black annulations Abdomen black ovoid longer than wide yel-lowish white cardiac pattern and several pairs of yellowish white markings on dorsum (Fig 14A) Spinnerets yellowish brown anterior spinnerets slightly longer than posterior spinnerets Female epigynum with broad artrium spermathecae and copulatory duct partially visible from outside (Fig 14B)

Male Body length about 87 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with long and depressed retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig 14C) patellar apophysis without spike embolus long and pointed (Fig 14C)

Distribution Korea

A

B

C

Fig 14 Cybaeus triangulus A female body B female epigynum C male palp


Korea GW GB JB JNspecimens examineD 1 13 (Mt Jeombongsan Inje-gun Ganowon-do 29viii1999) 1 (Mt

Gariwangsan Jeongseon-gun Jeollanam-do 6viii2009) 1 24 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 18vii2007) 6 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 28vii2008) 8 9 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 30vii2009) 4 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 17ix2008)

ecology Construct tunnel web between leaf litters or under the stone in mountainous region

13 Cybaeus whanseunensis Paik and Namkung 1967 (Fig 15)Hwan-seon-gul-ttuk-geo-mi (환선굴뚝거미)

Cybaeus whanseunensis Paik and Namkung 1967 p 23Dolichocybaeus whanseunensis Paik Yaginuma and Namkung 1969 p 824 Paik 1978 p 311 Nam-

kung 2001 p 369 Namkung 2003 p 371

Female Body length about 65 mm Carapace yellowish brown longer than wide head region brown cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct longitudinal fovea reddish brown and spinin-form (Fig 15A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 15A) Chelicerae

A

B

CD

Fig 15 Cybaeus whanseunensis A female body B female epigynum C male palp D patellar apophysis of male palp

Araneae Dictynidae Blabomma 31

brown boss distinct 3 promarginal teeth and 9 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs yellowish brown without annulation tarsi and metatarsi with trichobothria Abdomen yellowish white to grayish yellow ovoid longer than wide dorsum without particular pattern (Fig 15A) Spinnerets yellowish white to grayish yellow cylinder-shaped anterior spin-nerets longer than posterior spinnerets Female epigynum with round artrium spermathecae and copulatory duct partially visible from outside (Fig 15B)

Male Body length about 55 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with long and depressed retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig 15C) patellar apophysis without spike embolus long and pointed (Fig 15D)

Distribution KoreaKorea GW CB CN GB JB JNspecimens examineD 5 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 22vii2010) 2 (Seo-

cheon-gun Chungcheongnam-do 3vi2008) 2 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 28vii2008) 5 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 30vii2010) 2 (Hwasun-gun Jeollanam-do 23vii2008)

ecology Troglophile spider Found in soil layer or under the stone in caves and between leaf litters or under the stone in mountainous region

Family Dictynidae OP-Cambridge 1871Ip-geo-mi-gwa (잎거미과)

The spider family Dictynidae is a family comprising 51 genera and 578 species occurring world-wide (Platnick 2014) Dictynid spiders are small-sized (lt50 mm) araneomorph spiders with three tarsal claws belonging to entelegyne with cribellate and cribellum reduced genera Carapace pear-shaped longer than wide head region relatively high fovea longitudinal but reduced (Fig 16A) Six to eight eyes all or anterior median eyes dark (Fig 16B) Chelicerae vertical condyle and che-liceral teeth present slightly curved in males of some genera inner side of endite slightly declined

(Fig 16C) Sternum usually triangular Abdomen suboval to oval usually pale with dark pattern on dorsum slightly overlapping carapace bearing dense layer of setae Legs moderate long and usually without spines tarsi with one or two rows of trichobothria Spinnerets cylindrical anterior and posterior spinnerets suequal in length two-segmented distal segments short cribellum pres-ent or absent (Fig 16D) Body color varies from pale to dark brown grey or white Female epigy-num simple and weakly sclerotised Male palp usually without median apophysis embolus long and slender conductor directed backwards tibial apophysis present Most Dictynid spiders live around plants or at corner of construction constructing a small irregular and sticky web Some species are kleptoparasites Some genera are ground-dwellers

Type genus Dictyna Sundevall 1833b

Key to genera of family Dictynidae

1 Ecribellate 2- Cribellate 3


2 Chelicerae with promarginal teeth abdominal dorsum without particular pattern Cicurina- Chelicerae without promarginal tooth abdominal dorsum with pattern Lathys3 Anterior eye row procurved fovea absent Brommella- Anterior eye row retrocurved fovea present 44 Legs without spine cribellum reduced Sudesna- Legs with spines cribellum normal 55 Chelicerae with one retromarginal teeth male palp with swollen patella Blabomma- Chelicerae with 10 retromarginal teeth male palp with dorsal tibial apophysis Dictyna

Genus Blabomma Chamberlin and Ivie 1937Gul-ip-geo-mi-sok (굴잎거미속)

Six to eight eyes anterior median eyes very small or lacking posterior eye row procurved Legs short and stout female epigynum simple with artrium Patella of male palp swollen or otherwise modified

Type species Blabomma californicum (Simon 1895)

A

B

C

D

Fig 16 Taxonomic characters of Dictynidae A body B eye region C endite labium D spinner-ets cribellum

Araneae Dictynidae Brommella 33

14 Blabomma uenoi Paik and Yaginuma 1969Gul-ip-geo-mi (굴잎거미)

Blabomma uenoi Paik and Yaginuma in Paik Yaginuma and Namkung 1969 p 830 Paik 1978e p 327

Female Body length about 50 mm Carapace yellowish brown longer than wide head region with stronger brownish tinge than thoracic region cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct lon-gitudinal fovea reddish brown 3 stripes by hairs stretched from eye region to fovea Eight eyes ar-ranged in 2 rows anterior eye row retrocurved and posterior eye row procurved anterior median eye extremely small compared to the others Chelicerae yellowish brown boss distinct 3 promar-ginal teeth and 10 retromarginal teeth Sternum light brown convex heart-shaped Legs brown without annulation Abdomen grayish white ovoid covered sparsely with long brown hairs Dis-tal segment of posterior spinnerets longer than basal segment Colulus absent See detail descrip-tion and illustrations on female of Paik Yaginuma and Namkung (1969 p 830 f 52-55)

Male Unknown

Distribution KoreaKorea GWecology Triglobiont spider

Genus Brommella Tullgren 1948Chil-bo-ip-geo-mi-sok (칠보잎거미속)

Carapace flat and oval longer than wide Cervical furrow absent Both eye rows slightly pro-curved anterior median eyes smaller than anterior lateral eyes eye region black Sternum truncat-ed anteriorly Abdomen oval longer than wide cribellum and calmistrum present Colulus very small Female epigynum with thick and strongly curved copulatory ducts Male palp with ex-tremely developed tibial apophysis

Type species Brommella falcigera (Balogh 1935)

15 Brommella punctosparsa (Oi 1957) (Fig 17)Chil-bo-ip-geo-mi (칠보잎거미)

Lathys punctosparsus Oi 1957 p 47Lathys punctosparsa Oi 1961 p 33 Yaginuma 1986 p 11 Chikuni 1989b p 22Pagomys punctosparsa Yaginuma 1967a p 35 (transferred from Lathys)Brommella punctosparsa Lehtinen 1967 p 219 Xu and Song 1986 p 39 Chen and Zhang 1991 p

43 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 363 Kim Kwon and Kim 2003 p 8 Ono and Ogata 2009 p 136 Zhang and Li 2011 p 22 Yin et al 2012 p 966


Female Body length about 25 mm Carapace light yellowish brown flat oval longer than wide cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea short spiniform (Fig 17A) Six eyes arranged in 2 rows posterior eye row retrocurved anterior median eye degenerated posterior lateral eyes larger than the others (Fig 17A) Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth and 5 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped margin encircled with black stripe Legs robust metatarsi of 4th leg with calamistrum tibiae and metatarsi with trichobothria Abdomen yellowish brown elliptical wrinkled longer than wide (Fig 17A) Female epigynum semicircular dome-shaped and convex a pair of roundly curved copulatory duct clearly visible from outside (Fig 17B)

Male Body length 18-22 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with tibial apophysis of equal length with paracymbium (Fig 17C D)

Distribution Korea Japan ChinaKorea GGspecimens examineD 2 1 (Mt Namsan Jung-gu Seoul 25vii1992)ecology Found under the stone in mountainous region

A

B

C

D

Fig 17 Brommella punctosparsa A female body B female epigynum C male palp prolateral view D male palp retrolateral view

Araneae Dictynidae Cicurina 35

Genus Cicurina Menge 1871Du-deo-ji-geo-mi-sok (두더지거미속)

Carapace ovoid longer than wide relatively broad All eyes subequal in size and dark encircled with black both eye rows straight or posterior eye row shightly recurved Chelicerae almost verti-cal broad basally promargin with 1 tooth and 2 denticles retromargin with 2 denticles Abdomen ovoid longer than wide No cribellum and calamistrum Legs with relatively thick spines except tarsi Anterior spinnerets shorter than posterior spinnerets distal segments of posterior spinnerets conical and quite shorter than basal spinnerets No colulus Female epigynum with median sep-tum Male palp with well developed retrolateral tibial apophysis and long embolus

Type species Cicurina cicur (Fabricius 1793)

Key to the species of genus Cicurina

1 Chelicerae with 7-8 retromarginal teeth posterior spinnerets longer than anterior spinnerets C japonica

- Chelicerae with 10 retromarginal teeth posterior spinnerets shroter than anterior spinnerets 22 Female epigynum with broad and distinct median septum C phaselus- Female epigynum with thick and Y-shaped median septum C kimyongkii

16 Cicurina japonica (Simon 1886) (Fig 18)Du-deo-ji-geo-mi (두더지거미)

Tetrilus japonicus Simon 1886d p 60Cicurina parvula Komatsu 1940 p 189 Komatsu 1961a p 33Moguracicurina honesta Komatsu 1947 p 8 Yaginuma 1960 p 94Cicurina honesta Yaginuma 1963b p 53Cicurina japonica Lehtinen 1967 p 250 Paik Yaginuma and Namkung 1969 p 832 Yaginuma

1970 p 624 Yaginuma 1971 p 94 Paik 1978e p 329 Irie 1985 p 7 Yaginuma 1986 p 140 Chikuni 1989 p 99 Namkung 2001 p 376 Namkung 2003 p 378 Cokendolpher 2004a Wun-derlich and Haumlnggi 2005 p 20 Pantini and Isaia 2008 p 136 Ono and Ban 2009 p 207

Female Body length 30-40 mm Carapace yellowish brown longer than wide cervical furrow and radial furrow faint longitudinal fovea reddish brown and spininform (Fig 18A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row straight and posterior eye row procurved (Fig 18A) Chelicerae brown strongly developed boss distinct 3 promarginal teeth and 7-8 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs yellowish brown tibiae metatarsi and tarsi with trichobothria Abdomen grayish yellow ovoid longer than wide covered densely with black hairs particular pattern absent (Fig 18A) Spinnerets brown posterior spinnerets longer than anterior spinnerets distal segment shorter than basal segment Female epigynum with a pair of spermathecae and copulatory duct partially visible from a pair of copulatory pores located laterally epigynal rim at bottom (Fig 18B)

Male Body length 25-30 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body


coloration Male palp with thick and well developed tegulum and retrolateral tibial apophysis embolus long and spiral (Fig 18C D)

Distribution Korea JapanKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Gapyeong-gun Gyeonggi-do 6xii2008) 1 (Mt Mugapsan Gwangju-

si Gyeonggi-do 11ix1993) 1 (Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 12iii2001) 1 (Danyang-gun Chung-cheongbuk-do 25vii2012) 1 (Jecheon-si Chungcheongbuk-do 10v2008) 1 (Dangjin-gun Chungcheongnam-do 7v2008) 1 3 (Seocheon-gun Chungcheongnam-do 16iv2008) 1

(Mungyeong-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 26v2009) 1 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 28ix2007) 4 1 (Uiseong-gun Gyeongsangbuk-do 15iv2014) 6 3 (Cheongsong-gun Gyeongsangbuk-do 15v2014) 1 1 (Muju-gun Jeollabuk-do 15v2011) 1 (Jeonju-si Jeollabuk- do 22ix2008) 1 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 13viii2009) 1 (Bupyeong-gu Incheon-si 30vii2008)

ecology Construct funnel web under the stones in mountainous region or caves

A

B

C

D

Fig 18 Cicurina japonica A female body B female epigynum C male palp retrolateral view D male palp inner view


17 Cicurina kimyongkii Paik 1970 (Fig 19)Geum-du-deo-ji-geo-mi (금두더지거미)

Cicurina kimyongkii Paik 1970 p 99 Paik 1978 p 331 Namkung 2001 p 377 Namkung 2003 p 379

Female Body length about 30 mm Carapace yellowish brown longer than wide cervical furrow and radial furrow faint longitudinal fovea reddish brown and spininform (Fig 19A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 19A) Chelicerae yellowish brown 3 promar-ginal teeth and 10 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs yellowish brown 4th leg longest Abdomen light yellowish white ovoid longer than wide particular pattern absent (Fig 19A) Spinnerets conical posterior spinnerets shorter than anterior spinnerets Female epigynum with thick and Y-shaped median septum spermathecae visible from outside (Fig 19B)

Male Unknown

Distribution KoreaKorea CB GBspecimens examineD 1 (Mt Songnisan Boeun-gun Chungcheongbuk-do 7vii1988)ecology Found between leaf litters or under the stone in mountainous region

A

B

Fig 19 Cicurina kimyongkii A female body B female epigynum


18 Cicurina phaselus Paik 1970 (Fig 20)Kong-du-deo-ji-geo-mi (콩두더지거미)

Cicurina phaselus Paik 1970 p 101 Namkung 2001 p 378 Namkung 2003 p 380Cicurina phaserus Paik 1978 p 333

Female Body length 90-110 mm Carapace yellowish brown longer than wide head region slightly black cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct longitudinal fovea red and spininform

(Fig 20A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 20A) Chelicerae brown 3 promarginal teeth and 10 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs brown 4th leg longest Abdomen light yellowish white ovoid longer than wide particular pattern absent (Fig 20A) Spinnerets conical and robust distal segment much shorter than basal segment Female epigynum with broad median septum kidney-shaped spermathecae visible from outside

(Fig 20B)Male Unknown

Distribution KoreaKorea GW CB GB GN JJspecimens examineD 2 (Mt Jeombongsan Inje-gun Ganowon-do 31vii1999)ecology Found between leaf litters or under the stone in mountainous region

A

B

Fig 20 Cicurina phaselus A female body B female epigynum

Araneae Dictynidae Dictyna 39

Genus Dictyna Sundevall 1833Ip-geo-mi-sok (잎거미속)

Carapace ovoid longer than wide head region highly elevated and distinguished from thoracic region several longitudinal stripes by white hairs clypeus high Eight eyes large and subequal in size both lateral eyes contiguous Male chelicerae long inner sides concave retromargin with one tooth boss well developed Sternum long and covered densely with white long hairs Abdomen ovoid longer than wide distinct patterns on dorsum Femora patellae and tibiae not thickened tarsi without dorsal trichobothria calamistrum occupying 35 of length of metatarsus IV Female epigynum simple with lateral grooves slightly swollen Male palp with small and jointed teeth on tibial dorsal apophysis conductor with spur

Type species Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus 1758)

Key to the species of genus Dictyna

1 Famale epigynum with large copulatory pores male palp with round tegulum D arundinacea- Famale epigynum with small copulatory pores male palp with elliptical tegulum 22 Male palp with thick and short dorsal tibial apophysis bearing 3 ctenidium D felis- Male palp with thin and long dorsal tibial apophysis bearing 2 ctenidium D follicola

19 Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus 1758) (Fig 21 Pl 8)Gal-dae-ip-geo-mi (갈대잎거미)

Aranea arundinacea Linnaeus 1758 p 620 Olivier 1789 p 231Aranea benigna Walckenaer 1802 p 209Theridion benignum Walckenaer 1805 p 77 Sundevall 1830 p 122Clubiona parvula Blackwall 1833 p 437Dictyna benigna Sundevall 1833b p 16 CL Koch 1836a p 27Drassus parvulus Blackwall 1834 p 337Ergatis benigna Blackwall 1841 p 608Argus benignus Walckenaer 1847 p 500Ergatis benigna Blackwall 1861 p 146Dictyna arundinacea Westring 1861 p 383 Menge 1869 p 245 OP-Cambridge 1879 p 49 Han-

sen 1882 p 40 Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 158 Becker 1896 p 220 Boumlsenberg 1902 p 243 Simon 1914 pp 55 58 65 Charitonov 1926c p 104 Drensky 1940 p 181 Gertsch 1946 p 11 Miller 1947 p 32 Locket and Millidge 1951 p 58 Locket and Millidge 1953 p 406 Wiehle 1953 p 89 Muller 1956 p 199 Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958 p 81 Braendegaard 1966 p 47 Lehtinen 1967 p 228 Azheganova 1968 p 45 Loksa 1969 p 44 Tyschchenko 1971 p 65 Miller 1971 p 69 Pichka 1975 p 84 Punda 1975 p 23 Yaginuma 1975 p 187 Palmgren 1977 p 19 Paik 1978 p 181 Wen Zhao and Huang 1981 p 26 Legotai and Sekerskaya 1982 p 49 Einars-son 1984 p 66 Dunin 1984 p 143 Roberts 1985 p 50 Guo 1985 p 48 Zhu 1985 p 54 Song and Lu 1985 p 77 Yaginuma 1986a p 12 Song 1987 p 74 Zhang 1987 p 50 Legotai and Sekerskaya 1989 p 221 Chikuni 1989 p 22 Feng 1990 p 35 Chen and Gao 1990 p 27 Chen


and Zhang 1991 p 42 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 376 Millidge 1993 p 154 Zhao 1993 p 140 Danilov 1994 p 201 Roberts 1995 p 83 Agnarsson 1996 p 29 Mcheidze 1997 p 56 Rob-erts 1998 p 86 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 363 Hu 2001 p 98 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 281 Namkung 2001 p 379 Namkung 2003 p 381 Griswold et al 2005 p 21 Almquist 2006 p 310 Ono and Ogata 2009 p 136 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 314 Yin et al 2012 p 971

Dictyna voluta Gertsch and Ivie 1936 p 10Dictyna davidi Schenkel 1963 p 25

Female Body length 25-30 mm Carapace glossy dark brown longer than wide head region high 5 white longitudinal stripes stretched cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea lon-gitudinal (Fig 21A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row retrocurved and posterior eye row slightly retrocurved (Fig 21A) Chelicerae brown 5 promarginal teeth and 2 small retromar-ginal teeth Sternum dark brown covered densely with long white hairs anterior margin straight Legs gray-tinged yellowish brown without particular pattern Abdomen grayish yellow elliptical longer than wide dorsum with black marking in the center venter yellowish white broad grayish brown band stretched from epigastric furrow to spinnerets (Fig 21A) Cribellum undivided Fa-male epigynum with large and round copulatory pores (Fig 21B)

Male Body length about 25 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with round tegulum (Fig 21C) dorsal tibial apophysis short with 2 ctenidium

(Fig 21D) conductor thick with spiral spur (Fig 21C)

A

B

CD

Fig 21 Dictyna arundinacea A female body B female epigynum C male palp D dorsal tibial apophysis of male palp


Distribution Korea Japan China Russia Europe America (Holarctic)Korea All provincesspecimens examineD 6 (Inje-gun Ganowon-do 3vi1997) 1 3 (Jebudo Isl Hwaseong-

si Gyeonggi-do 15vii2008) 1 (Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 27iv1992) 1 (Muju-gun Jeollabuk-do 10iv2014)

ecology Construct tent web between branches or leaves of trees and grasses

20 Dictyna felis Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 (Fig 22 Pl 9)Ip-geo-mi (잎거미)

Dictyna felis Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 111 Saitō 1936 pp 19 77 Saitō 1959 p 7 Lehtinen 1967 p 229 Paik 1978 p 183 Wang 1981 p 106 Hu 1984 p 59 Dunin 1984c p 143 Guo 1985 p 50 (caption erroneously reads D foliicola) Zhu 1985 p 55 Yaginuma 1986 p 11 Song 1987 p 75 Zhang 1987 p 51 Chikuni 1989 p 22 Chen and Gao 1990 p 27 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 42 Zhao 1993 p 146 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 364 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 283 Namkung 2001 p 380 Namkung 2003 p 382 Marusik Ovchinnikov and Koponen 2006 p 355 Ono and Ogata 2009 p 136 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 315

Dictyna hummeli Schenkel 1936b p 17Dictyna maculosa Yaginuma 1962 p 8Dictyna foliicola Song and Lu 1985 p 79 (misidentified)

A

B

CD

Fig 22 Dictyna felis A female body B female epigynum C male palp D dorsal tibial apophysis of male palp


Dictynia felis Yin et al 2012 p 973

Female Body length 50-60 mm Carapace blackish brown longer than wide head region high several bands by dense white hairs present cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea longi-tudinal (Fig 22A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows almost contiguous and retrocurved

(Fig 22A) Chelicerae yellowish brown Sternum black heart-shaped covered with white hairs posterior end blunt Legs yellowish brown with dark brown annulations Abdomen yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with a pair of black markings at anterior part and 3 black chevron patterns at posterior part venter with broad black band stretched from spigastric furrow to cribellum (Fig 22A) Spinnerets black Cribellum located at the fornt of spinnerets undivided Famale epigynum with small and semicircular copulatory pores (Fig 22B)

Male Body length 40-50 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with ellipitical tegulum (Fig 22C) dorsal tibial apophysis thick with 3 ctenidium (Fig 22D) conductor thick with curved spur (Fig 22C)

Distribution Korea Japan China Russia MongoliaKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 2 1 (Yangyang-gun Gangwon-do 25ix1991) 1 (Yeongweol-gun

Gangwon-do 23viii2013) 1 (Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 26viii1998) 1 (Mt Naejang-san Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 21v2010) 1 (Mt Daejisan Gangnam-gu Seoul 5ix1997)

ecology Construct small tent web between leaves of broadleaf trees

21 Dictyna foliicola Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 (Fig 23)A-gi-ip-geo-mi (아기잎거미)

Dictyna foliicola Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 112 Strand 1918 p 91 Paik 1979b p 422 Wen et al 1981 p 26 Dunin 1984 p 143 Yaginuma 1986 p 12 Zhang 1987 p 52 Chikuni 1989 p 22 Feng 1990 p 36 Chen and Gao 1990 p 28 Song et al 1999 p 364 Hu 2001 p 100 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 284 Namkung 2001 p 381 Namkung 2003 p 383 Ono and Ogata 2009 p 139 Marusik and Kovblyuk 2011 p 147

Dictyna follicola Yin et al 2012 p 975

Female Body length 25-30 mm Carapace light brown longer than wide head region high 4-5 pairs of band by dense white hairs (Fig 23A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 23A) Chelicerae light reddish brown Sternum light reddish brown heart-shaped covered densely with thin and black hairs posterior end blunt Legs yellowish brown femora dark brown Abdomen grayish brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with dark rectangular marking

(Fig 23A) Red or reddish brown individuals without particular dorsal pattern visible Cribellum undivided Female epigynum with 2 pairs of copulatory pores (Fig 23B)

Male Body length 25-30 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with ellipitical tegulum (Fig 23C) dorsal tibial apophysis thin and long with 2 ctenidium (Fig 23D) conductor thin with curved spur (Fig 23C)

Araneae Dictynidae Lathys 43

Distribution Korea Japan China RussiaKorea GW GG CB GB GN JJspecimens examineD 1 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 27v2010) 3 1 (Yanggu-

gun Gangwon-do 27ix2002) 1 (Jeongseon-gun Gangwon-do 16vii2013) 1 (Yeoncheon-gun Gyeonggi-do 6vi1997) 1 1 (Eumseong-gun Chungcheongbuk-do 18vi2014)

ecology Construct irregular web between leaves of trees and grasses or at the corner of con-structions

Genus Lathys Simon 1884Ma-reun-ip-geo-mi-sok (마른잎거미속)

Carapace ovoid longer than wide head region relatively broad and higher than thoracic region clypeus low Six to eight eyes anterior median eyes quite smaller than others sometimes lacking anterior eye row shorter than posterior eye row both lateral eyes discontiguous Male chelicerae with thin distal part fang very long retromargin with 5 denticles Abdomen ovoid longer than wide Distal part of metatarsi and tarsi with one trichobothrium basal part of patellae and tibiae with many spines

Type species Lathys humilis (Blackwall 1855)

A

B

CD

Fig 23 Dictyna foliicola A female body B female epigynum C male palp D dorsal tibial apoph-ysis of male palp


Key to the species of genus Lathys

1 Six eyes L sexoculata- Eighr eyes 22 Head region broad L dihamata- Head region narrow 33 Female epigynum with prominent copulatory ducts visible male palp without retrolateral tibial

apophysis L maculosa- Female epigynum with prominent spermathecae visible male palp with finger-shaped retrolat-

eral tibial apophysis L stigmatisata

22 Lathys dihamata Paik 1979 (Fig 24)Ssang-gal-kwi-ma-reun-ip-geo-mi (쌍갈퀴마른잎거미)

Lathys dihamata Paik 1979b p 424 Namkung 2001 p 382 Namkung 2003 p 384 Lee et al 2004 p 98 Ono and Ogata 2009 p 136

Female Body length about 20 mm Carapacepale yellow longer than wide cervical furrow and radial furrow black fovea longitudinal and spininform (Fig 24A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row slightly retrocurved and posterior eye row slightly procurved (Fig 24A) Che-

A

B

CD

Fig 24 Lathys dihamata A female body B female epigynum C male palp inner view D male palp dorsal view


licerae yellow 5 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown shield-shaped length and width subequal Legs pale yellow 1st and 2nd legs dusky black 3rd and 4th legs with black annulations tibiae and metatarsi with trichobothria Abdomen grayish yellow ovoid convex longer than wide dorsum with dark gray patterns (Fig 24A) Cribellum absent Female epigynum convex median septum present a pair of round spermathecae and copulatory duct visi-ble from outside (Fig 24B)

Male Body length about 19 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Chelicerae with 5 teeth on each margin Male palp with round tegulum retrolateral tibial apophysis long and hook-shaped embolus largely circled from basal part of tegulum con-ductor thick with pointed and hook-shaped conductor spur (Fig 24C D)

Distribution Korea JapanKorea GG CN GB GN JB JNspecimens examineD 1 (Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do 19v2006) 2 (Icheon-si Gyeonggi-do

29v2009) 2 (Uiwang-si Gyeonggi-do 13v2008) 2 (Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 5vi2002) 3 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 18vi2010) 2 (Bupyeong-gu Incheon-si 8v2008) 1 (Mt Gwanaksan Gwanak-gu Seoul 5v2008)

ecology Found between leaf litters or dry leaf piles in mountainous region

23 Lathys maculosa (Karsch 1879) (Fig 25)Ma-reun-ip-geo-mi (마른잎거미)

Dictyna maculosa Karsch 1879g 96Lathys ocellata Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 109Lathys orientalis Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 110Lathys puta Lehtinen 1967 243 (transferred from Dictyna synonymies of synonymies with L

puta subsequently rejected)Lathys humilis Paik 1978 185 (misidentified)Lathys maculosa Ono and Mizuyama 2001 45 f 1-3 (apparently not conspecific with ldquoL putardquo)

Ono 2003 10 (removed from synonymies of L puta) Ono and Ogata 2009 134

Female Body length about 25 mm Carapace brown ovoid longer than wide head region high anterior part straight inverted triangle marking behind head region cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea longitudinal and spininform (Fig 25A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows an-terior eye row slightly retrocurved and posterior eye row procurved (Fig 25A) Chelicerae brown bosspresent 6 promarginal teeth and 5 retromarginal teeth Sternum dull yellowish brown Legs yellowish brown femora tibiae and metatarsi with annulations Abdomen yellowish brown ellip-tical longer than wide dorsum with black and complex patterns (Fig 25A) Cribellum and cala-mistrum present Female epigynum with copulatory pores in the center spermathecae and copu-latory duct visible from outside (Fig 25B)

Male Body length about 20 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration See detail description and illustrations on male of Ono and Ogata (2009 p 134 f 1-7)


Distribution Korea JapanKorea CB GBspecimens examineD 1 (Mungyeong-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 25vi1984)ecology Found between leaf litters in mountainous region

24 Lathys sexoculata Seo and Sohn 1984 (Fig 26)Yuk-nun-i-ma-reun-ip-geo-mi (육눈이마른잎거미)

Lathys sexoculata Seo and Sohn 1984 p 114 Ono 1991 p 37 Ono and Ogata 1993 p 130 Nam-kung 2001 p 384 Namkung 2003 p 386 Ono and Ogata 2009 p 136

Female Body length about 23 mm Carapace yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide black irregular patterns present cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea longitudinal and spin-inform (Fig 26A) Six eyes arranged in 2 rows posterior eye row procurved anterior median eyes degenerated (Fig 26B) Chelicerae yellowish brown 4 teeth on each margin Sternum yellowish brown margin dark brown Legs yellowish brown tibiae metatarsi and tarsi with 3 2 and 2 tri-chobothria respectively Abdomen blackish brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with dark brown spots (Fig 26A) venter pale yellowish brown Cribellum and calamistrum present Female epigynum slightly bulged median septum vestigial spermathecae large and visible from outside

(Fig 26C)

A

B

Fig 25 Lathys maculosa A female body B female epigynum


Male Body length about 20 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with round tegulum retrolateral tibial apophysis finger-shaped (Fig 26E) embolus largely circled from basal part of tegulum conductor thick with pointed conductor spur

(Fig 26D)

Distribution Korea JapanKorea GB GNspecimens examineD 1 1 (Geoje-si Gyeongsangnam-do 21viii2009)ecology Found between leaf litters in mountainous region or entrance of caves

25 Lathys stigmatisata (Menge 1869) (Fig 27)Gong-san-ma-reun-ip-geo-mi (공산마른잎거미)

Lethia stigmatisata Menge 1869 p 250Lethia taczanowskii OP-Cambridge 1873f p 435Lethia puta Simon 1874a p 204 (misidentified see Merrett 1998 p 120) Boumlsenberg 1902 p 247

(misidentified) Becker 1896 p 225 (misidentified)Lathys puta Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 162 (misidentified) Simon 1914 pp 45 46 62 (mis-

identified) Hull 1948 p 61 (misidentified) Lehtinen 1967 p 243 (misidentified) Loksa 1969 p 53 (misidentified) Miller 1971 p 72 (misidentified) Wunderlich 1974b p 167 (misidentified)

A

B

C

DE

Fig 26 Lathys sexoculata A female body B eye region C female epigynum D male palp E ret-rolateral tibial apophysis of male palp


Wang and Xu 1987 p 7 (misidentified) Ovtchinnikov 1988 p 148 (misidentified) Chen and Zhang 1991 p 44 (misidentified) Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 380 (misidentified) Danilov 1994 p 204 (misidentified) Roberts 1995 p 88 (misidentified) Roberts 1998 p 90 (misidentified) Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 364 (misidentified) Ono and Mizuyama 2001 p 45 (misidentified)

Lathys taczanowskii Simon 1892a p 233Lathys stigmatisata Kulczyński 1898 p 48 Locket and Millidge 1951 p 65 Wiehle 1953 p 105

Roberts 1985 p 52 Namkung 2003 p 385 Marusik Ovchinnikov and Koponen 2006 p 353 Marusik Kovblyuk and Nadolny 2009 p 22

Lathys arabs Simon 1911b p 278 Bosmans et al 2009 p 32Lathys balestrerii Caporiacco 1934 p 121 Marusik Fritzeacuten and Song 2007 262Dictyna bipunctata Reimoser 1935 p 172Lathys prominens Miller 1949 p 92Lathys similis Wiehle 1967a p 33Lathys spasskyi Andreeva and Tyschchenko 1969 p 378 Andreeva 1976 p 25 Marusik Ovchin-

nikov and Koponen 2006 p 356Lathy stigmatisata Hu and Wu 1989 p 71Lathys puto Namkung 2001 p 383 (misidentified lapsus)

Female Body length 20-30 mm Carapace light yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide head region high heart-shaped marking located behind head region cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct longitudinal fovea dark brown and spininform (Fig 27A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row slightly retrocurved and posterior eye row procurved eye region black

A

B

CD

Fig 27 Lathys stigmatisata A female body B female epigynum C male palp D retrolateral tibial apophysis and conductor spur of male palp

Araneae Dictynidae Sudesna 49

(Fig 27A) Chelicerae dull yellowish brown boss present Sternum dull yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs yellowish brown with black annulations Abdomen grayish yellow long oval longer than wide dorsum with indistinct brown pattern in the center and chevron patterns at posterior part covered densely with white spots and hirs (Fig 27A) Female epigynum slightly bulged nar-row median septum vestigial spermathecae large and visible from outside (Fig 27B)

Male Body length about 20 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with round tegulum retrolateral tibial apophysis finger-shaped (Fig 27D) embolus largely circled from basal part of tegulum conductor thick with spiral conductor spur (Fig 27C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China Russia Europe (Palearctic)Korea GG CB GBspecimens examineD 1 1 (Mt Songnisan Boeun-gun Chungcheongbuk-do 15ix1990)ecology Found around bushes and between leaf litters in mountainous region

Genus Sudesna Lehtinen 1967Huin-ip-geo-mi-sok (흰잎거미속)

Carapave ovoid longer than wide head region higher than thoracic region fovea indistinct Eight eyes in two rows anterior median eyes smallest Chelicerae weak and long with marginal teeth Sternum shield-shaped truncate anteriorly and acuminate posteriorly Legs long and slen-der without patterns and spines Abdomen ovoid longer than wide Female epigynum with widely separated copulatory openings from each other Male palp with tibial spur reduced or ab-sent embolus prolaterally arising

Type species Sudesna hedini (Schenkel 1936)

26 Sudesna hedini (Schenkel 1936) (Fig 28)Huin-ip-geo-mi (흰잎거미)

Dictyna hedini Schenkel 1936b p 14 Paik 1979b p 423 Zhu 1985 p 57Sudesna hedini Lehtinen 1967 p 265 (transferred from Dictyna) Song and Lu 1985 p 80 Song

1987 p 79 Feng 1990 p 37 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 365 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 288 Namkung 2001 p 385 Namkung 2003 p 387 Marusik Ovchinnikov and Koponen 2006 p 355 Zhang and Li 2011 p 30

Female Body length 30-40 mm Carapace light brown ovoid longer than wide head region elevated cervical furrow and radial furrow dark brown and distinct fovea indistinct and trans-verse (Fig 28A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row slightly retrocurved and posterior eye row procurved (Fig 28A) Chelicerae grayish yellow 4 promarginal teeth and 2 retromarginal teeth Sternum grayish yellow heart-shaped Legs yellow particular pattern and spine absent


Abdomen white ovoid longer than wide covered sparsely with grayish brown hairs dorsum with dark gray marking and small spots (Fig 28A) Female epigynum with broad median septum cop-ulatory pores visible laterally (Fig 28B)

Male Body length 20-30 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration See detail description and illustrations on male of Paik (1979b p 423 f 13-15) and Zhang and Li (2011 p 30 f 7F-H)

Distribution Korea ChinaKorea GW GG CB GBspecimens examineD 1 (Mungyeong-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 21viii2005)ecology Construct small irregular web between branches of trees in mountainous region and

field or between bush leaves around streamside

Family Sparassidae Bertkau 1872Nong-bal-geo-mi-gwa (농발거미과)

The spider family Sparassidae is a family comprising 84 genera and 1142 species occurring world-wide (Platnick 2014) Sparassid spiders are medium to large-sized (60-400 mm) araneomorph spiders with two tarsal claws belonging to entelegyne without cribellum Carapace broadly oval

A

B

Fig 28 Sudesna hedini A female body B female epigynum

Araneae Sparassidae Heteropoda 51

and covered with dense layer of fine setae as long as wide or longer than wide narrower eye re-gion fovea present (Fig 29A) Eight eyes in two rows median eyes usually largest posterior eyes usually equal in size (Fig 29B) Chelicerae with promarginal and retromarginal teeth some spe-cies with small denticles in cheliceral furrow condyle and fan-shpaed bristles present (Fig 29C) Sternum almost circular longer than wide apex pointed Abdomen oval to round with mottled or dark folium pattern on dorsum bearing dense layer of fine setae Legs long and laterigrade tro-chanters notched bearing dense claw tufts metatarsi and tarsi with scapulae (Fig 29E) Spinnerets without colulus Body color varies from light green or dark brown to grey Female epigynum strongly sclerotised and conspicuous Male palp with strong tibial apophysis (Fig 29D) tegulum with embolus conductor and additional apophysis Most Sparassid spiders are nocturnal and wander around plants on the soil surface and wall of construction or in caves

Type genus Micrommata Latreille 1804

Key to the genera of family Sparassidae

1 Carapace longer than wide body color green Micrommata- Carapace as long as wide body color varies brown to blackish brown Sinopoda

A

B

C D

DTA

VTA

E

Fig 29 Taxonomic characters of Sparassidae A body B Eye region C chelicera D tibial apoph-ysis of male palp (VTA ventral tibial apophysis DTA dorsal tibial apophysed) E venter of meta-tarsus and tarsus


Genus Heteropoda Latreille 1804Nong-bal-geo-mi-sok (농발거미속)

Carapace nearly as long as wide head region slightly depressed or in some raised medially and posteriorly sometimes very high Eight eyes prominent anterior row straight or little procurved and posterior row of eyes recurved lateral eyes prominent and larger than others anterior lateral eyes larger than the anterior median eyes Legs laterigrade tibia of leg I with 3-4 pairs of ventral spines Abdomen broad elongate or oval covered with hairs and spine-like pubescence Female epigynum with a pair of lobes usually separated by a narrow septum Male palp with filiform em-bolus embedded in a sheath-like conductor arising prolaterally on the tegulum

Type species Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus 1767)

27 Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus 1767)Nong-bal-geo-mi (농발거미)

Aranea venatoria Linnaeus 1767 p 1035 Fabricius 1775 p 439 Olivier 1789 p 230Aranea regia Fabricius 1793 p 408Aranea pallens Fabricius 1798 p 291Heteropoda venatoria Latreille 1804a p 135 Thorell 1878 p 191 Pocock 1897 p 613 Boumlsenberg

and Strand 1906 p 273 Jaumlrvi 1914 pp 77 197 Petrunkevitch 1930 p 14 Gravely 1931 p 251 Nakatsudi 1942a p 320 Nakatsudi 1943 p 175 Sekiguchi 1943 p 68 Buumlcherl 1959 p 289 Yaginuma 1960 p 118 Chrysanthus 1965a p 356 Yaginuma 1971 p 118 Paik 1978 p 398 Yin Wang and Hu 1983 p 34 Hu 1984 p 311 Yaginuma 1986 p 199 Hancock and Hancock 1988 p 18 Chikuni 1989b p 130 Feng 1990 p 175 Chen and Gao 1990 p 158 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 262 Sethi and Tikader 1988 p 16 Davies 1994 p 83 Barrion and Litsinger 1994 p 290 Ledoux and Halleacute 1995 p 8 Barrion and Litsinger 1995 p 276 Jaumlger 1999b p 21 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 468 Jaumlger 2000a p 53 Jaumlger and Ono 2000 p 47 Hu 2001 p 312 (probably a misiden-tified Pseudopoda per Jaumlger and Yin 2001 p 127) Jaumlger 2001b p 19 Jaumlger and Yin 2001 p 125 Jaumlger 2002b p 51 Namkung 2001 p 499 Namkung 2003 p 502 Jaumlger and Kunz 2005 p 166 Biswas and Raychaudhuri 2005 p 104 Ono 2009 p 472 Marusik and Kuzminykh 2010 p 99 Saaristo 2010 p 218 Taucare-Riacuteos and Brescovit 2011 p 39 Yin et al 2012 p 1231 Jaumlger 2014a p 147 Ramiacuterez 2014 p 226

Heteropoda venatoria japonica Strand 1907 p 559Heteropoda venatoria chinesica Strand 1907 p 559Heteropoda venatoria maculipes Strand 1907 p 559Thomisus leucosius Walckenaer 1805 p 36Thomisus venatorius Latreille 1806 p 114Micrommata setulosa Perty 1833 p 195Ocypete setulosa CL Koch 1836 p 40 CL Koch 1837b p 28Olios leucosius Walckenaer 1837 p 566 Vinson 1863 pp 98 304Olios antillianus Walckenaer 1837 p 568Olios freycineti Walckenaer 1837 p 569


Olios colombianus Walckenaer 1837 p 571Ocypete pallens CL Koch 1837a p 82Olios setulosus Walckenaer 1841 p 474Ocypete murina CL Koch 1845 p 36Ocypete thoracica CL Koch 1845 p 42Ocypete draco CL Koch 1845 p 44Olios albifrons Lucas 1852 p 76Olios javensis Doleschall 1857 p 428 Doleschall 1859 p 54Olios gabonensis Lucas 1858 p 407Olios zonatus Doleschall 1859 p 54Olios lunula Doleschall 1859 p 54 (misidentified)Sparassus ammanita Dufour 1863b p 9Ocypete bruneiceps Giebel 1863 p 320Olios regius Gerstaumlcker 1873 p 482Sarotes regius L Koch 1875a p 675Helicopis maderiana Thorell 1875 p 123Sarotes aulicus L Koch 1878 p 766Sarotes invictus L Koch 1878 p 767Sarotes venatorius McCook 1878 p 144Sarotes truncus McCook 1878 p 147Heteropoda thoracica Thorell 1878b p 24Palystes maderianus Simon 1880a p 263Heteropoda invicta Simon 1880a p 270 Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 275Heteropoda aulica Simon 1880a p 270Sarotes peditatus Karsch 1881 p 38Olios maderianus Simon 1883 p 281Heteropoda ferina Simon 1887 p 102Heteropoda regia Simon 1897 p 54 Berland 1932b p 389Heteropoda ocellata Pocock 1903 p 96Heteropoda truncus Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 275Heteropoda venatoria aulica Strand 1909 p 6Heteropoda venatoria thoracica Merian 1911 p 255Heteropoda venatoria pluridentata Hogg 1914 p 57Heteropoda nicki Strand 1915 p 246Heteropoda nicki quala Strand 1915 p 247Palystes ledleyi Hogg 1922 p 296Heteropoda tokarensis Yaginuma 1961 p 84 Yaginuma 1986a p 200Heteropoda andamanensis Tikader 1977 p 189 Sethi and Tikader 1988 p 15Heteropoda nicobarensis Tikader 1977 p 191 Sethi and Tikader 1988 p 28Heteropoda squamacea Wang 1990 p 8 (misidentified)Heteropoda hainanensis Li 1991 p 366 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 467Heteropoda minschana Peng Yin and Kim 1996 p 57Heteropoda ledleyi Croeser 1996 p 114 (transferred from Palystes)Sinopoda pengi Song and Zhu in Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 469 (misidentified)Heteropoda shimen Yin et al 2000 p 98Sinopoda venatoria Yoo and Kim 2002 p 27 (lapsus)


Sinopoda tokarensis Yoo and Kim 2002 p 27

This species is distributed Japan China Taiwan and Philippine Kishida (1936) reported this spe-cies from Jeju-do and there is no observed or collected data available for this species since then until now Descriptions of Paik (1978) and Namkung (2001 2003) were based on the Japanese specimens Paik (1978) stated that domestic distribution of this species was skeptical and presumed that Kishida misidentified this species and it was a spiderling of Sinopoda koreana NIBR (2014) evaluated this species as regiolal extinction (RE) because there was no observed data available for this species after Kishida (1936)

Genus Micrommata Latreille 1804I-seul-geo-mi-sok (이슬거미속)

Carapace oval and flat longer than wide head region broad clypeus high Anterior eye row strongly recurved posterior eye row weakly recurved anterior median eyes smallest anterior lateral eyes largest posterior eyes subequal in size Chelicerae with 2 promarginal teeth and 3-4 retromarginal teeth several long bristles close to fang Strnum wider than long blunt posteriorly Abdomen long oval longer than wide Legs long and stout inconspicuous laterigrade Female epigynum with furrowed epigynal plate with heart-shaped margins and copulatory openings close to epigastric furrow Male palp with strong retrolateral tibial apophysis

Type species Micrommata virescens (Clerck 1757)

28 Micrommata virescens (Clerck 1757) (Fig 30 Pl 10)I-seul-geo-mi (이슬거미)

Araneus virescens Clerck 1757 p 138Araneus roseus Clerck 1757 p 137Aranea viridissima De Geer 1778 p 252Aranea virescens Schrank 1781 p 533Aranea rosea Olivier 1789 p 226Aranea smaragdula Fabricius 1793 p 412Micrommata smaragdina Latreille 1804 p 135 Latreille 1806 p 115 Hahn 1833 p 119Sparassus smaragdulus Walckenaer 1805 p 39 Sundevall 1831 p 40 Sundevall 1832 p 147 Black-

wall 1861a p 102Sparassus roseus Walckenaer 1805 p 40Sparassus virescens CL Koch 1837b p 28 CL Koch 1845 p 87 Westring 1861 p 406 Prach

1866 p 632Micrommata virescens Thorell 1870 p 176 Thorell 1871a 227 Menge 1875 389 Becker 1882b 155

Hansen 1882 63 Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 79 Simon 1897a p 66 Boumlsenberg 1903 p 410 Kulczyński 1911 p 36 Jaumlrvi 1914 pp 63 178 Bristowe 1926 p 126 Bristowe 1941 p 497

Araneae Sparassidae Micrommata 55

Locket and Millidge 1951 p 167 Bristowe 1958 p 135 Yaginuma 1960 p 119 Azheganova 1968 p 102 Paik 1968 p 174 Yaginuma 1971 p 119 Braendegaard 1972 p 8 Roberts 1985 p 96 Hu and Fu 1985 p 89 Yaginuma 1986 p 197 Chikuni 1989 p 131 Hu and Wu 1989 p 312 Izmailova 1989 p 121 Roberts 1995 p 147 Roberts 1998 p 156 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 269G M Jaumlger and Ono 2000 43 Jaumlger 2000 239 Namkung 2001 p 500 Bayram and Oumlzdağ 2002 p 305 Namkung 2003 p 503 Urones 2004 p 48 Almquist 2006 p 451 Ono 2009 p 472 Marusik and Kovblyuk 2011 p 229

Micrommata viridissima valvulata Franganillo 1913 p 131Micrommata viridissima Reimoser 1931 p 129 Palmgren 1943 p 77 Tullgren 1944 p 127Micrommata rosea Simon 1932 pp 891 959Micrommata roseum Miller 1971 p 62 Paik 1978 p 399 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 456

Mcheidze 1997 p 120

Female Body length 120-150 mm Carapace yellowish green longer than wide cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea longitudinal (Fig 30A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row slightly retrocurved and posterior eye row procurved (Fig 30A) Chelicerae yellowish green with scapulae 2 promarginal teeth and 5 retromarginal teeth Sternum pale yellowish green heart-shaped Legs yellowish green metatarsi and tarsi with scapulae and claw tufts Abdomen yellowish green to pale yellowish green longer than wide dorsum with dark yellowish green car-diac pattern (Fig 30A) Female epigynum with large heart-shaped and wrinkled artrium heart-shaped epigynal ledge absent (Fig 30C)

A B

C

DE

Fig 30 Micrommata virescens A female body B male abdomen C female epigynum D male palp E retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp


Male Body length 80-100 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration dorsum with red stripe stretched to the end (Fig 30B) Male palp with long and robust retrolateral tibial apophysis with pointed tip (Fig 30D E) embolus with pointed tip (Fig 30D)

Distribution Korea Japan China Europe (Palearctic)Korea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Goseong-gun Gangwon-do 20vi1992) 1 1 (Goseong-gun Gang-

won-do 20v1998) 1 1 (Yeongweol-gun Gangwon-do 25viii2013) 1 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeong-ju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 28-ix2007)

ecology Wander the bushes in mountainous region or field

Genus Sinopoda Jaumlger 1999Byeol-nong-bal-geo-mi-sok (별농발거미속)

Carapace nearly as long as wide head region slightly depressed or in some raised medially and posteriorly sometimes very high Eight eyes prominent anterior row straight or little procurved and posterior row of eyes recurved lateral eyes prominent and larger than others anterior lateral eyes larger than the anterior median eyes Legs laterigrade with spines Abdomen broad elongate or oval covered with hairs and pubescence Female epigynum usually separated by a broad sep-tum with broad base Male palp with embolic apophysis conductor membranous and arising from the distal part of the tegulum

Type species Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch 1881)

Key to the species of genus Sinopoda

1 Famale spigynum with flat epigynal ledge male palp with long and pointed dorsal tibial apoph-ysis S koreana

- Famale spigynum with and-shaped epigynal ledge male palp with finger-shaped ventral tibial apophysis 2

2 Male palp with long and blunt dorsal tibial apophysis S forcipata- Male palp with long and curved dorsal tibial apophysis S stellatops

29 Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch 1881) (Fig 31 Pl 11)Nak-yeop-nong-bal-geo-mi (낙엽농발거미)

Sarotes forcipatus Karsch 1881c p 38Heteropoda forcipata Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 276 Jaumlrvi 1914 pp 82 209 Yaginuma 1960 p

118 Yaginuma 1971 p 118 Yaginuma 1975 p 190 Yaginuma 1986 p 199 Chikuni 1989 p 130Sinopoda forcipata Jaumlger 1999b p 21 Song et al 1999 p 469 Jaumlger and Ono 2000 p 51 Jaumlger 2001 p

39 Ono 2009 p 473 Kim 2009 p 238

Araneae Sparassidae Sinopoda 57

Female Body length 200-280 mm Carapace dull blackish brown longer than wide mottled generally cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea deep and longitudinal (Fig 31A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row retrocurved and posterior eye row slightly retrocurved

(Fig 31A) Chelicerae blackish brown 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown shield-shaped Legs brown long and robust laterigrade covered with gray of black speckles metatarsi with scapulae and tarsi with claw tuft Abdomen blackish brown long oval longer than wide dorsum with 3 pairs of muscle impressions light at anterior and posterior part black chevron patterns at posterior part black brown and white mottled patterns scattered

(Fig 31A) Female epigynum with and-shpaed epigynal ledge bottom round and blunt (Fig 31B)Male Body length 150-250 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body

coloration Male palp with robust and thumb-shaped tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis long and blunt ventral tibial apophysis short and thumb-shaped embolus long and spininform em-bolus apophysis distinct conductor serrated (Fig 31C D)

Distribution Korea Japan ChinaKorea GW GG GB GN JB JNspecimens examineD 1 (Jeongseon-gun Gangwon-do 24viii2013) 1 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeong-

ju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 25x2007) 1 (Mt Palgongsan Yeongcheon-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 8 viii2006) 1 (Tongyeong-si Gyeongsangnam-do 15vii2014) 2 6 (Mt Naejangsan Jeong-eup-si Jeollabuk-do 30vii2013) 1 (Mt Gwanaksan Gwanak-gu Seoul 26ix2008)

ecology Found between leaf litters or under the stone in mountainous region

A

B

CD

Fig 31 Sinopoda forcipata A female body B female epigynum C male palp D retrolateral tibial apophysisof male palp


30 Sinopoda koreana (Paik 1968) (Fig 32 Pl 12)Han-guk-nong-bal-geo-mi (한국농발거미)

Heteropoda koreana Paik 1968 p 168 Paik 1978 p 394Sinopoda koreana Jaumlger 1999 p 21 Namkung 2001 p 497 Jaumlger and Ono 2002 p 115 Namkung

2003 p 500 Ono 2009 p 475

Female Body length 190-220 mm Carapace brown longer than wide head region with dense white hairs and thoracic region with white stripe at margin cervical furrow and radial furrow dis-tinct fovea deep and longitudinal (Fig 32A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row retro-curved and posterior eye row slightly retrocurved (Fig 32A) Chelicerae dark reddish brown boss yellowish brown 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown long and heart-shaped Legs brown long and robust laterigrade covered with black speckles metatarsi with scapulae and tarsi with claw tuft Abdomen reddish brown long oval longer than wide dor-sum with 4 pairs of muscle impressions black brown yellowish brown and white mottled patterns scattered (Fig 32A) Female epigynum with epigynal ledge bottom pointed (Fig 32B)

Male Body length 160-200 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with robust tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis long and pointed ven-tral tibial apophysis short and blunt embolus long and spininform embolus apophysis indistinct conductor serrated (Fig 32C D)

A

B

CD

Fig 32 Sinopoda koreana A female body B female epigynum C male palp D retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp


Distribution Korea JapanKorea GN JN JJspecimens examineD 3 2 (Waheulgul Cave Jeju-si Jeju-do 25vii1993) 1 (Seogwipo-si

Jeju-do 25viii2008)ecology Mainly distributed in southern provinces including Jeju-do Found between leaf litters

or under the stone in mountainous region or in the caves Nocturnal species

31 Sinopoda stellatops Jaumlger and Ono 2002 (Fig 33)Byeol-nong-bal-geo-mi (별농발거미)

Heteropoda stellata Paik 1968 p 171 Yaginuma 1975 p 190 Paik 1978 p 396 Yaginuma 1986 p 199 Chikuni 1989 p 131

Sinopoda stellata Jaumlger and Ono 2000 p 56 Namkung 2001 p 498 Yoo and Kim 2002 p 27 Nam-kung 2003 p 501

Sinopoda stellatops Jaumlger and Ono 2002 p 119 Ono 2009 p 473

Female Body length 140-160 mm Carapace dull brown with dark margin longer than wide lateral sides of head region and thoracic region light cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct

A

B

CD

Fig 33 Sinopoda stellatops A female body B female epigynum C male palp D retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp


fovea deep and longitudinal (Fig 33A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row retrocurved and posterior eye row slightly retrocurved (Fig 33A) Chelicerae dark brown boss distinct 3 pro-marginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown with dark brown margin heart- shaped Legs yellowish brown long and robust laterigrade covered with black speckles metatar-si with scapulae and tarsi with claw tuft Abdomen dull and dark brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with 3 pairs of muscle impressions a pair of blackish brown markings located at shoulder black brown yellowish bronw and white mottled patterns scattered (Fig 33A) Female epigynum with and-shpaed epigynal ledge bottom pointed (Fig 33B)

Male Body length 120-150 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with robust tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis with pointed tip long and ventral tibial apophysis curved thumb-shaped embolus long and spininform embolus apophy-sis indistinct conductor serrated (Fig 33C D)

Distribution Korea Japan ChinaKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 27v2010) 1 (Jeongseon-gun

Gangwon-do 14vii2013) 1 (Taebaek-si Gangwon-do 23v1993) 1 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup- si Jeollabuk-do 3x2013) 1 (Jeju-si Jeju-do 6vi2001)

ecology Found between leaf litters or under the stone in mountainous region or in the caves

Family Philodromidae Thorell 1870Sae-u-ge-geo-mi-gwa (새우게거미과)

The spider family Philodromidae is a family comprising 31 genera and 309 species occurring worldwide (Platnick 2014) Philodromid spiders are small to medium-sized (30-160 mm) araneo-morph spiders with two tarsal claws belonging to entelegyne without cribellum Carapace slightly flattened usually longer than wide sometimes as long as wide fovea usually absent Eight eyes in two rows usually equal in size eyes not on eye tubercles both eye rows recurved Chelicerae usually without teeth on the both furrows Sternum heart or shield-shaped Abdomen varies from oval to cylindrical covered with soft recumbent setae usually with conspicuous and mottled lon-gitudinal stripe or chevron patterns on dorsum Legs laterigrade I III and IV subequal in length leg II usually longer tarsi I and II with claw tufts and scopulae Spinnerets simple without colulus Body colour varies from white to pale ivory and reddish brown or greyish brown Female epigy-num small and usually with median septum Male palp with small tibial apophysis embolus vari-able and short Most Philodromid spiders are wanderers found on plants or on the soil surface

Type genus Philodromus Walcknaer 1826

Key to the genera of family Philodromidae

1 Abdomen cylindrical conspicuous longitudinal stripes on dorsum Tibellus- Abdomen oval longitudinal stripes on dorsum absent 22 Carapace moderately convex lsquospear-shapedrsquo marking on dorsum 3- Caparace flattened lsquospear-shapedrsquo marking on dorsum absent otherwise to species

Araneae Philodromidae Apollophanes 61

Philodromus3 Tarsi with scopulae ventral tibial apophysis of male palp inconspicuous Apollophanes- Tarsi and metatarsi with scopulae ventral tibial apophysis of male palp conspicuous Thanatus

Genus Apollophanes OP-Cambridge 1898A-pol-lo-ge-geo-mi-sok (아폴로게거미속)

Carapace moderately low convex and broad slightly longer than wide or as long as wide Eight eyes arranged in two rows posterior eye row recurved Sternum shield-shaped peckled or spotted near margins Legs speckled or spotted thin scopulae on tarsi Abdomen broad and flat angulate laterally dorsum with peckled or spotted cardiac pattern Female epigynum with broad median septum and large vertical copulatory openings Male palp with elongated ventral tibial apophysis and well developed retrolateral tibial apophysis tegular apophysis

Type species Apollophanes punctipes (OP-Cambridge 1891)

A

B

C

D

Fig 34 Taxonomic characters of Philodromidae A body B Eye area C tibial apophysis (VTA ventral tibial apophysis RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis DTA dorsal tibial apophysis) D tarsus

DTARTA

VTA


32 Apollophanes macropalpus (Paik 1979) (Fig 35)Keun-su-yeom-a-pol-ro-ge-geo-mi (큰수염아폴로게거미)

Thanatus macropalpus Paik 1979a p 120Apollophanes lenensis Marusik 1991 p 52Apollophanes macropalpus Marusik 1991 p 53 (transferred from Thanatus) Logunov 1996 p 140

Kim and Jung 2001 p 188 Marusik and Kovblyuk 2011 p 209

Female Body length 60-90 mm Carapace yellowish brown slightly convex longer than wide brown speckles scattered laterally and posteriorly front and center of carapace and eye region with sparse spines cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea longitudinal (Fig 35A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows anterior eye row slightly retrocurved and posterior eye row retrocurved (Fig 35A) Chelicerae yellowish brown boss present 2 promarginal teeth Sternum pale yellow heart-shaped covered sparsely with black hairs Legs yellowish brown dorsum of femora patellae and tibiae with 2 reddish brown stripe metatarsi and tarsi with scopulae Abdomen pale yellowish brown slightly convex ovoid longer than wide dorsum with spear-shaped marking stretched to the moddle in the center covered with spines (Fig 35A) venter with broad and dark band longitu-dinally Female epigynum with sclerotized epigynal plate broad median septum present copula-tory pores located at lateral sides of median septum (Fig 35B)

Male Body length about 60 mm Similar to female with smaller body and dark body coloration See detail description and illustrations on male of Paik (1979a p 120 f 12-15)

A

B

Fig 35 Apollophanes macropalpus A female body B female epigynum

Araneae Philodromidae Philodromus 63

Distribution Korea RussiaKorea GW GG GB GNspecimens examineD 1 (Hwacheon-gun Gangwon-do 20v1997)ecology Found between leaf litters in mountainous region

Genus Philodromus Walckenaer 1826Sae-u-ge-geo-mi-sok (새우게거미속)

Carapace flattened wider than long or as long as wide narrow anteriorly and slightly convex laterally clypeus high Eyes small and subequal in size both eye rows strongly recurved eyes of anterior row closer together than eyes of posterior row lateral eyes sometimes on eye tubercles Chelicerae small and weak with or without marginal teeth Sternum shield-shape blunt posteriorly Abdomen oval and moderately flat rounded laterally longer than wide distinct patterns on dorsum Legs long and slender laterigrade leg II generally longer than others others subequal in length distal segments with scopulae and claw tufts Female epigynum with elongated atrium and wavy lateral margin sclerotised Male palp with 2 tibial apophysis embolus originated from tegulum prolaterally

Type species Philodromus aureolus (Clerck 1757)

Key to the species of genus Philodromus

1 Carapace wider than long 2 - Carapace longer than wide 6 2 Carapace round sternum longer than wide P poecilus - Carapace ovoid sternum subequal in length and width P pseudoexilis 3 Chelicerae with 1 promarginal tooth 4 - Chelicerae without marginal tooth 6 4 Sternum long oval legs without particular pattern P auricomus - Sternum heart-shaped legs with patterns 5 5 Legs with 3 stripes no spine P emarginatus - Legs with annulations tibiae and metatarsi with spines P spinitarsis 6 Sternum shield-shaped 7 - Sternum heart-shaped 8 7 Abdomen long oval cervical and radial furrows indistinct P cespitum - Abdomen oval cervical and radial furrows distinct P margaritatus 8 Male palp without tibial apophysis P leucomarginatus - Male palp with tibial apophysis 9 9 Male palp with tibial retrolateral apophysis P aureoles - Male palp without tibial retrolateral apophysis 1010 Tegulum of male palp elliptical with tegular apophysis P lanchowensis - Tegulum of male palp round withou tegular apophysis 1111 Fovea faint female epigynum with indistinct median septum P rufus - Fovea needle-shaped female epigynum with distinct median septum P subaureolus


33 Philodromus aureolus (Clerck 1757) (Fig 36)Hwang-geum-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (황금새우게거미)

Araneus aureolus Clerck 1757 p 133Aranea aureola Olivier 1789 p 226Aranea quadrilineata Martini and Goeze in Lister 1778 p 300 Panzer 1804 p 189Thomisus aureolus Walckenaer 1805 p 35 Hahn 1835 p 57Philodromus affinis Wider 1834 p 267Philodromus aureolus Walckenaer 1837 p 556 Blackwall 1861 p 99 Prach 1866 p 628 Thorell

1872 p 264 Menge 1875 p 403 Becker 1882b p 230 Hansen 1882 p 65 Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 108 Boumlsenberg 1902 p 330 Charitonov 1926a p 267 Reimoser 1931 p 86 Simon 1932 pp 851 884 politus Simon 1932 p 852 tauricus Charitonov 1937 p 138 Kolosvaacutery 1938 p 585 Chickering 1940 p 221 Tullgren 1944 p 115 Hull 1948 p 59 Kaston 1948 p 436 Locket and Millidge 1951 p 196 Saitō 1959 p 132 Braun 1965 p 376 Yaginuma 1966 p 30 Yaginuma 1967a p 90 Yaginuma 1967b p 22 Vilbaste 1969 p 99 Tyschchenko 1971 p 111 Miller 1971 p 128 Braendegaard 1972 p 12 Izmailova 1972a p 36 Punda 1975b p 81 Levy 1977 p 195 Paik 1979c p 423 Legotai and Sekerskaya 1982 p 50 Palmgren 1983 p 203 Roberts 1985 p 108 Zhu 1985 p 177 Yaginuma 1986a p 217 Wu and Song 1987 p 28 Segers 1987 p 9 Zhang 1987 p 214 Legotai and Sekerskaya 1989 p 223 Chikuni 1989 p 135 Hu and Wu 1989 p 316 Segers 1990 p 12 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 458 Harvey 1991 p 3 Segers 1992 p

A

B

CD

Fig 36 Philodromus aureolus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophy-sis of male palp


24 Roberts 1993 p 8 Zhao 1993 p 342 Huber 1995 p 155 Roberts 1995 p 170 Mcheidze 1997 p 128 Song and Zhu 1997 p 182 Bellmann 1997 p 182 Roberts 1998 p 182 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 470 Kim and Jung 2001 p 190 Namkung 2001 p 503 Kim and Cho 2002 p 171 Namkung 2003 p 506 Kubcovaacute 2004 p 293 Muster and Thaler 2004 p 309 Kubcovaacute 2004b p 58 Almquist 2006 p 454 Ono and Ban 2009 p 479 Eberhard and Huber 2010 p 255 Uyar Kaya and Uğurtaş 2010 p 49 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 422 Wunderlich 2012 p 49 Har-vey 2013 p 22 Ramiacuterez 2014 p 259

Philodromus politus Simon 1870b p 333 Simon 1875a p 294Philodromus aureolus variegatus Kulczyński in Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 109 ( might belong

to P buchari) Braun 1965 p 380 (P praedatus previously considered a synonym of P collinus but P praedatus has priority over Philodromus aureolus variegatus synonyms rejected)

Thanatus arenarius Hull 1948 p 62 (misidentified)Philodromus margaritatus Bellmann 1997 p 182 (misidentified per Muster 2009a 149)

Female Body length 40-60 mm Carapace reddish brown to yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide light broad band in the center cervical furrow radial furrow and fovea indistinct (Fig 36A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 36A) Chelicerae brown with-out marginal teeth Sternum light yellowish brown heart-shaped covered with light brown hairs Legs yellowish brown without annulation venter of tarsi with 2-3 pairs of spines Abdomen brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with brown cardiac pattern and a pair of bands at posterior part light in the center venter grayish yellow Spinnerets yellowish brown Female epigynum with largely curved epigynal plate spermathecae partially visible from outside (Fig 36B)

Male Body length 40-50 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis long and pointed ventral tibial apophysis short and spear-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis broad tegu-lum elliptical embolus originated from prolateral side of tegulum long spiniform (Fig 36C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China Mongolia Russia Europe (Palearctic)Korea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Goseong-gun Gangwon-do 23vi1997) 1 (Mt Geonbongsan

Goseong-gun Gangwon-do 3vi1997) 1 (Cheorwon-gun Gangwon-do 16viii1997) 1 1

(Gapyeong-gun Gyeonggi-do 25vii1992) 1 3 (Mt Godaesan Yeoncheon-gun Gyeonggi-do 6vii1997) 1 (Jebudo Isl Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 15vii2008) 1 1 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeong-ju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 25v2009)

ecology Found around shrubs and bushes in mountainous region and fields

34 Philodromus auricomus L Koch 1878 (Fig 37 Pl 13)Geum-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (금새우게거미)

Philodromus auricomus L Koch 1878c p 763 Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 269 Yaginuma 1960 p 101 Yaginuma 1971 p 101 Paik 1979c p 425 Zhang and Zhu 1982 p 66 Hu and Guo 1982 p 141 Hu 1984 p 328 Yaginuma 1986a p 217 Zhang 1987 p 213 Ono 1988c p 211 Chikuni 1989b p 134 Chen and Gao 1990 p 163 Feng 1990 p 190 Song and Zhu 1997 p 183 Song


Zhu and Chen 1999 p 470 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 370 Kim and Jung 2001 p 191 Nam-kung 2001 p 504 Kim and Cho 2002 p 172 Namkung 2003 p 507 Ono and Ban 2009 p 479 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 423 Yin et al 2012 p 1246

Diaea subadulta Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 258

Female Body length 70-80 mm Carapace yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide Y-shaped broad band stretched from head region to thoracic region furrow and radial furrow indistinct fovea longitudinal spiniform (Fig 37A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 37A) Chelicerae brown 1 promarginal teeth and no retromarginal tooth Sternum yellowish brown long oval Legs yellowish brown darker at distal ends annulations absent Abdomen reddish brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with brown cardiac pattern and V-shaped stripe at pos-terior part margin dark (Fig 37A) venter grayish white Sometimes found with abdominal white broad folium variable Female epigynum with broad epigynal plate epigynal hood at anterior part median septum vestigial (Fig 37B)

Male Body length 60-70 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis long and pointed ventral tibial apophysis long and finger-shaped tegulum round small tegulum apophysis at ante-rior part embolus originated from retrolateral side of tegulum long and thin spiniform (Fig 37C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China RussiaKorea All provinces except Jeju-dospecimens examineD 2 (Goseong-gun Gangwon-do 7vii1998) 1 (Yangpyeong-gun

A B

C

DE

Fig 37 Philodromus auricomus A female body B famale abodomen variation C female epigy-num D male palp E tibial apophysis of male palp


Gyeonggi-do 11vi1991) 1 (Cheongyang-gun Chungcheongnam-do 24vi1995) 1 (Mt Nae-jangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 20v2013) 1 (Goheung-gun Jeollanam-do 6vii1993) 1 1

(Mt Onsusan Guro-gu Seoul 12vi1997) 1 (Mt Paikryeonsan Seodaemun-gu Seoul 5vi1997)ecology Found on branches and leaves of trees in mountainous region or on bush leaves in

grasslands

35 Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer 1802) (Fig 38)Huin-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (흰새우게거미)

Aranea cespitum Walckenaer 1802 p 230Thomisus cespiticolens Walckenaer 1805 p 35Philodromus cespiticolis Walckenaer 1837 p 555 Blackwall 1861a 95 Dondale 1961 p 216Philodromus maculatus Blackwall 1846a p 39Philodromus obscurus Blackwall 1871 p 431Philodromus cespiticolens OP-Cambridge 1881 p 331Philodromus aureolus caespiticola Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 109 Locket and Millidge 1951 p

196Philodromus reussii Boumlsenberg 1902 p 329Philodromus albicans Boumlsenberg 1902 p 330 (preocupied by OP-Cambridge 1897)Philodromus caespiticolis Boumlsenberg 1902 p 330Philodromus aureolus similis Kulczyński in Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 109Philodromus aureolus sibiricus Kulczyński 1908b p 61Philodromus canadensis Emerton 1917 p 270Philodromus boumlsenbergi Mello-Leitatildeo 1929 p 267 (replacement name for P albicans) Roşca 1968 p

85Philodromus reussi Ovsyannikov 1937 p 91 Saitō 1939 p 87Philodromus aureolus Chickering 1940a p 221 Zhu and Wang 1963c p 475Philodromus cespitum Hull 1948 p 59 Braun 1965 p 384 Schick 1965 p 49 Yaginuma 1971 p

101 Dondale and Redner 1976a p 131 Kaston 1977 p 51 Dondale and Redner 1978b p 45 Paik 1979c p 426 Song et al 1979 p 19 Paik and Namkung 1979 p 73 Song 1980 p 195 Hidalgo 1983 p 364 Qiu 1983 p 96 Hu 1984 p 329 Roberts 1985 p 108 Guo 1985 p 163 Zhu 1985 p 178 Yaginuma 1986 p 217 Song 1987 p 262 Wu and Song 1987 p 29 Segers 1987 p 9 Zhang 1987 p 215 Chikuni 1989b p 134 Izmailova 1989 p 127 Feng 1990 p 191 Chen and Gao 1990 p 161 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 284 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 458 Marusik 1991d pp 48 55 Segers 1992 p 24 Roberts 1993 p 8 Zhao 1993 p 344 Roberts 1995 p 171 Song and Zhu 1997 p 184 Bellmann 1997 p 184 Roberts 1998 p 183 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 470 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 372 Kim and Jung 2001 p 192 Namkung 2001 p 506 Kim and Cho 2002 p 173 Paquin and Dupeacuterreacute 2003 p 186 Namkung 2003 p 509 Kubcovaacute 2004a p 293 Muster and Thaler 2004 p 313 Ono and Martens 2005 p 123 Jocqueacute and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006 p 204 Almquist 2006 p 456 Logunov and Huseynov 2008 p 120 Ono and Ban 2009 p 479 Uyar Kaya and Uğurtaş 2010 p 51 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 424

Philodromus cespitum similis Braun 1965 p 392 (transferred from subspecies of P aureolus)Philodromus cespitum sibiricus Braun 1965 p 394 (transferred from subspecies of P aureolus)


Philodromus reussi Hull 1948 p 62 Paik 1957 p 46 Saitō 1959 p 133 Yaginuma 1960 p 101 Yaginuma 1967b p 22 Azheganova 1968 p 111 Izmailova 1989 p 131

Philodromus aureolus cespiticolis Vilbaste 1969 p 101Philodromus aureolus reussi Tyschchenko 1971 p 110 (reduced to subspecies)Philodromus boesenbergi Tyschchenko 1971 p 110Philodromus caespitum Palmgren 1983 p 203

Female Body length 50-70 mm Carapace yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide head re-gion and thoracic region white cervical furrow and fovea indistinct radial furrow faint (Fig 38A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 38A) Chelicerae yellowish brown without marginal tooth Sternum yellowish brown round shield-shaped covered with light colored hairs Legs yellowish brown with faint patterns Abdomen grayish white long oval longer than wide dorsum with a pair of brown muscle impressions and pale brown cardiac pattern posteior margin with dark stripe (Fig 38A) venter yellowish white with gray longitudinal stripe Female epigynum with epigynal plate bordered like bowling pin copulatory duct visible partially from outside (Fig 38B)

Male Body length 40-60 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis long and an-gular ventral tibial apophysis short and spear-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis small tegulum elliptical embolus originated from prolateral side of tegulum long spiniform (Fig 38C D)

A

B

CD

Fig 38 Philodromus cespitum A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophy-sis of male palp


Distribution Korea Japan China Mongolia Russia Europe USA (Holarctic)Korea All provincesspecimens examineD 2 1 (Seosan-si Chungcheongnam-do 23vi1995)ecology Abundance is very low Found around bushes in mountainous region

36 Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank 1803) (Fig 39)Hwang-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (황새우게거미)

Aranea emarginata Schrank 1803 p 230Philodromus pallidus Walckenaer 1826 p 90 Walckenaer 1837 p 554 Blackwall 1861 p 93 (mis-

identified per Muster 2009 p 149) Dahl 1883 p 71Thomisus griseus Hahn 1826 p 2 Hahn 1833 p 121Artamus griseus CL Koch 1837b p 27 CL Koch 1845 p 81Thomisus marginatus Walckenaer 1837 p 512Philodromus griseus Westring 1861 p 462Artama pallida Simon 1864 p 416Philodromus ambiguus Blackwall 1867 p 208 (placement here per Muster 2009a p 149)Philodromus generalii Canestrini 1868 p 205 Canestrini and Pavesi 1868 p 871Philodromus emarginatus Simon 1875a p 277 Becker 1882 p 225 Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p

107 Kulczyński 1911 p 64 Fedotov 1912 p 96 Pereleschina 1928 p 36 Simon 1932 pp 847 882 Tullgren 1944 p 110 Locket and Millidge 1951 p 199 Azheganova 1968 p 107 Vilbaste 1969 p 105 Miller 1971 p 127 Tyschchenko 1971 p 110 Punda 1975b p 78 Brignoli 1983b p 564 Roberts 1985 p 110 Wu and Song 1987 p 29 Izmailova 1989 p 128 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 458 Roberts 1995 p 173 Song and Zhu 1997 p 186 Roberts 1998 p 185 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 476 Hu 2001 p 321 Kim and Jung 2001 p 194 Namkung 2001 p 507 Nam-kung 2003 p 510 Ono and Martens 2005 p 123 Almquist 2006 p 460 Logunov and Huseynov 2008 p 121 Ono and Ban 2009 p 479

Philodromus lineatipes OP-Cambridge 1878a p 122 OP-Cambridge 1881 p 338Artanes emarginatus Boumlsenberg 1902 p 325Artanes pallidus Boumlsenberg 1902 p 325Philodromus flavidus Saitō 1934 p 283 Yaginuma 1958 p 73 Saitō 1959 p 132 Yaginuma 1960

p 101 Zhu and Wang 1963 p 477 Yaginuma 1971 p 101 Paik 1979c p 428 Hu 1984 p 330 Zhu 1985 p 178 Yaginuma 1986 p 217 Chikuni 1989 p 136 Chen and Gao 1990 p 164

Emargidromus emarginatus Wunderlich 2012a p 48

Female Body length 70-80 mm Carapace yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide lightly mottled in general cervival furrow and radial furrow indistinct fovea faint (Fig 39A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 39A) Chelicerae dark brown 1 promarginal teeth and no retromarginal tooth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs yellowish brown dorsum with 3 rows of brown stripe Abdomen purplish brown ovoid longer than wide posterior end pointed dorsum with dark cardiac pattern purplish brown brown and yellowish white pat-terns scattered (Fig 39A) venter yellowish white with 4 rows of gray speckles Female epigynum with epigynal plate with long finger-shaped apophysis at anterior part spermathecae copulatory


duct visible partially from outside (Fig 39B)Male Body length 50-60 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body

coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis and ventral tibial apophysis short and blunt retrolateral tibial apophysis absent tegulum elliptical embolus originated from prolateral side of tegulum long spiniform (Fig 39C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China Mongolia Russia Europe USA (Holarctic)Korea All provinces except Jeju-dospecimens examineD 1 (Yangpyeong-gun Gyeonggi-do 5v1992) 1 1 (Icheon-si Gyeong-

gi-do 21vi1993) 1 (Mungyeong-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 9vi1995)ecology Found around bushes in mountainous region plains marshes rice fields and uplands

37 Philodromus lanchowensis Schenkel 1936 (Fig 40)Gim-hwa-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (김화새우게거미)

Philodromus lanchowensis Schenkel 1936 p 280 Logunov 1997b p 101 Song and Zhu 1997 p 189 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 476 Szita and Logunov 2008 p 40 Ono and Ban 2009 p 479

Philodromus kimwhaensis Paik 1979c p 433 Kim and Jung 2001 p 197 (lapsus in use of younger

A

B

CD

Fig 39 Philodromus emarginatus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


name)Philodromus lanchouensis Song Yu and Shang 1981 p 86 Hu and Guo 1982 p 142 Hu 1984 p

331 Song 1987 p 264 Wu and Song 1987 p 31 Hu 2001 p 323 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 374

Female Body length 65-75 mm Carapace purplish brown ovoid longer than wide head region and lateral side and center of thoracic region light cervival furrow and radial furrow indistinct fovea short spiniform (Fig 40A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 40A) Chelicerae yellowish brown no marginal tooth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped Legs yellow long and slender pale brown speckles scattered 2 rows of pale brown band stretched from femora to tibiae Abdomen pale brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with dark cardiac pattern a pair of short bands in the center and 3 brown chevron patterns at posterior part (Fig 40A) venter pale yellowish brown Female epigynum with epigynal plate bordered like lsquoVrsquo spermathe-cae visible partially from outside (Fig 40B)

Male Body length 50-60 mm Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis and ventral tibial apophysis short and blunt retrolateral tibial apophysis absent tegu-lum elliptical with pointed tegulum apophysis at anterior center of tegulum (Fig 40C D)

Distribution Korea japan China RussiaKorea GW

A

B

CD

Fig 40 Philodromus lanchowensis A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


specimens examineD 2 1 (Cheorwon-gun Gangwon-do 22vi1997)ecology Found around bushes in mountainous region

38 Philodromus leucomarginatus Paik 1979Huin-te-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (흰테새우게거미)

Philodromus leucomarginatus Paik 1979c p 434 Zhu 1985 p 180 Wu and Song 1987 p 31 Zhao 1993 p 348 Song and Zhu 1997 p 190 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 476 Kim and Jung 2001 p 198

Male Body length 42-50 mm Carapace dusky brown ovoid longer than wide margin enclosed by yellowish gray band head region with V-shaped broad grayish white band at posterior part cervical furrow and radial furrow faint fovea longitudinal and spiniform Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved Chelicerae dusky yellowish brown no marginal tooth Sternum yellowish white heart-shaped covered with long pale yellow hairs Legs yellow long and slender pale brown speckles scattered 2 rows of pale brown band stretched from femora to tibiae Abdo-men yellowish white ovoid posterior end pointed longer than wide dorsum with cardiac pattern dark chevron patterns at posterior part and transverse band venter pale yellowish white See de-tail description and illustrations on male of Paik (1979c p 434 f 66-71)

Female Body length 46-57 mm See detail description and illustrations on female of Tang Song and Zhu (2004 p 396 f A B)

Distribution Korea ChinaKorea GB JNecology Abundance is very low Found around bushes in mountainous region

39 Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck 1757) (Fig 41)Eol-ruk-i-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (얼룩이새우게거미)

Araneus margaritatus Clerck 1757 p 130Aranea levipes Linnaeus 1758 p 624Aranea wilkii Scopoli 1763 p 400Aranea ornata Sulzer 1776 p 254Aranea tetra Martini and Goeze in Lister 1778 p 291Aranea decem-oblique punctata Martini and Goeze in Lister 1778 p 294Aranea tigrina De Geer 1778 p 302Aranea ieiuna Panzer 1801 p 83Thomisus laevipes Hahn 1826 p 2 Hahn 1833a p 120 (misidentified per Muster 2009a p 163)Philodromus jejunus Walckenaer 1830 p 97 Walckenaer 1837 p 551Philodromus tigrinus Sundevall 1833 p 225Artamus laevipes CL Koch 1837b p 27


Artamus jejunus CL Koch 1845 p 83Thomisus leopardinus Gistel 1848 p 156 (nomen oblitum see Bonnet 1957 p 3580 placement here

per Muster 2009a pp 149 163)Artamus margaritatus Thorell 1856 p 73Philodromus margaritatus Westring 1861 p 454 Simon 1875a p 271 Becker 1882b p 221 Chyzer

and Kulczyński 1891 p 106 Simon 1895 p 1057 Reimoser 1930b p 54 Simon 1932 pp 846 882 Locket and Millidge 1951 p 200 Vilbaste 1969 p 107 Tyschchenko 1971 p 108 Miller 1971 p 127 Braendegaard 1972 p 30 Punda 1975 p 81 Roberts 1985 p 112 Matsuda 1986 p 86 Yaginuma 1986 p 218 Chikuni 1989 p 136 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 460 Roberts 1995 p 175 Mcheidze 1997 p 127 Roberts 1998 p 186 Namkung 2001 p 511 Namkung 2003 p 514 Almquist 2006 p 463 Muster 2009a p 149 Ono and Ban 2009 p 479 Azarkina and Trilikauskas 2013 p 244

Philodromus margaritatus tigrinus Lessert 1910 p 382Artama tigrina Simon 1864 p 415Artamus laevipes Prach 1866 p 624Artanes margaritatus Thorell 1872 p 262Philodromus elegans Canestrini 1876 p 214 (misidentified per Muster 2009a p 149)Artanes margaritatus Hansen 1882 p 64 Boumlsenberg 1902 p 327 Wunderlich 2012 p 47Philodromus laevipes Tullgren 1944 p 108Philodromus laevipes tigrinus Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 269 Tullgren 1944 p 109

Female Body length 80-100 mm Carapace yellowish white ovoid longer than wide head re-

A

B

CD

Fig 41 Philodromus margaritatus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


gion and margin and center of thoracic region light Cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea blackish brown and short spiniform (Fig 41A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 41A) Chelicerae brown no marginal tooth Sternum brown shield-shaped mar-gin white covered densely with brown hairs Legs yellowish brown long and well developed each segment with black annulations and many speckles Abdomen yellowish white long oval longer than wide dorsum with a pair of blackish brown bands at shoulder a band in the center and 2 blackish brown bands at posterior part white and blackish brown speckles scattered mot-tled in general (Fig 41A) venter brown with ring like pattern at lateral side of center and margin covered with crackled spots Female epigynum with boundless epigynal plate spermathecae visi-ble partially from outside (Fig 41B)

Male Body length 60-70 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis and ventral tibial apophysis short and blunt retrolateral tibial apophysis absent tegulum round embolus orig-inated from the middle of tegulum thin and long filiform (Fig 41C D)

Distribution Korea Japan Russia Europe (Palearctic)Korea GW GG GBspecimens examineD 1 1 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 20vi2009)ecology Abundance is very low Found on the tree barks or around bushes in mountainous re-

gion

40 Philodromus poecilus (Thorell 1872) (Fig 42)Eo-ri-jip-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (어리집새우게거미)

Artanes poecilus Thorell 1872 p 261 Boumlsenberg 1902 p 326Artanes margaritatus Menge 1875 p 417 (misidentified per Muster 2009 p 149)Philodromus poecilus Becker 1882b p 223 Saitō 1939 p 87 (misidentified per Muster 2009a p 163)

Tullgren 1944 p 107 Azheganova 1968 p 111 Vilbaste 1969 p 110 Paik 1979c p 435 (mis-identified per Muster 2009 p 163) Izmailova 1989 p 130 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 460 Logunov 1992 p 59 Roberts 1998 p 187 Kim and Jung 2001 p 198 (misidentified per Muster 2009 p 163) Namkung 2001 p 509 (misidentified per Muster 2009 p 163) Namkung 2003 p 512 (misidentified per Muster 2009 p 163) Bryja et al 2005 p 187 Almquist 2006 p 464 Mus-ter 2009a p 163

Philodromus corticinus Miller 1971 p 126 (misidentified per Muster 2009 p 163)

Female Body length 50-60 mm Carapace brown round wider than long head region light thoracic region light in general with V-shaped band along the cervical furrow radial furrow indis-tinct cervical furrow faint fovea dark brown and spiniform (Fig 42A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 42A) Chelicerae brown no marginal tooth Sternum brown long and heart-shaped Legs yellow with dark brown annulations long and slender Abdomen grayish brown broad shield-shaped longer than wide dorsum mottled in general with grayish brown yellowish white and dark gray anterior part light (Fig 42A) venter grayish white with Y- shaped gray pattern Female epigynum with epigynal plate bordered like long heart vestigial me-


dian septum and spermathecae visible partially from outside (Fig 42B)Male Body length 40-50 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body

coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis and ventral tibial apophysis short and blunt retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp tegulum round embolus origi-nated from the middle of tegulum long filiform (Fig 42C D)

Distribution Korea Japan Russia Europe (Palearctic)Korea CB CN GBspecimens examineD 1 1 (Jincheon-gun Chungcheongbuk-do 30vi1993)ecology Found on the leaves of trees in mountainous region and fields

41 Philodromus pseudoexilis Paik 1979Dan-ji-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (단지새우게거미)

Philodromus pseudoexilis Paik 1979c p 437 Kim and Jung 2001 p 199

Male Body length 30-45 mm Body length about 34 mm Carapace wider than long margin dark brown dusky white V-shaped band in the center Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye

A

B

CD

Fig 42 Philodromus poecilus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophy-sis of male palp


rows retrocurved all eye encircled with white Chelicerae yellowish brown no marginal tooth Sternum length and width subequal in length Legs orange tinged yellow without annulation brown speckles scattered Abdomen white of yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with 2 pairs of dark muscle impressions spear-shaped cardiac pattern and longitudinal band retro-laterally Spinnerets light yellowish brown See detail description and illustrations on male of Paik

(1979c p 437 f 85-89)Female Body length about 31 mm Similar to male with smaller body See detail description

and illustrations on female of Paik (1979c p 437 f 81-84)

Distribution KoreaKorea GW GBecology Abundance is very low Found in mountainous region and hillock NIBR (2014) eval-

uated this species as vulnerable (VU) because population size of this species is very small and oc-curring range and localities have been decreased to date

42 Philodromus rufus Walckenaer 1826 (Fig 43 Pl 14)Buk-bang-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (북방새우게거미)

Philodromus rufus Walckenaer 1826 p 91 Walckenaer 1837 p 555 Simon 1875a p 287 Becker 1882b p 229 Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 107 Boumlsenberg 1902 p 333 Simon 1932 pp 854 884 Chickering 1940a p 228 Nakatsudi 1942b p 15 Tullgren 1944 p 117 Kaston 1948 p 434 Hull 1950 p 426 Saitō 1959 p 133 Zhu and Wang 1963c p 477 Dondale 1964 p 825 Ty-schchenko 1971 p 108 Miller 1971 p 127 Dondale 1972 p 52 Braendegaard 1972 Qiu 1983 p 97 Hu 1984 p 332 Zhu 1985 p 181 Yaginuma 1986a p 216 Song 1987 p 265 Wu and Song 1987 p 32 Zhang 1987 p 216 Segers 1989 p 38 Chikuni 1989b p 135 Izmailova 1989 p 131 Chen and Gao 1990 p 165 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 458 Roberts 1993 p 8 Zhao 1993 p 346 Roberts 1995 p 174 Mcheidze 1997 p 128 Song and Zhu 1997 p 195 Bellmann 1997 p 184 Roberts 1998 p 186 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 476 Hu 2001 p 326 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 375 Kim and Jung 2001 p 200 Namkung 2001 p 508 Namkung 2003 p 511 Almquist 2006 p 468 Ono and Ban 2009 p 479 Uyar Kaya and Uğurtaş 2010 p 53 Benjamin 2011 p 19 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 426 Yin et al 2012 p 1248 Goacutemez-Rodriacuteguez and Salazar 2012 p 3

Philodromus rufus virescens Simon 1932 pp 854 885Philodromus clarkii Blackwall 1850 p 338Artama rufus Simon 1864 p 416Philodromus pellax Herman 1879 pp 219 371Philodromus clarae Bertkau 1880 p 246Philodromus exilis Banks 1892 p 63Philodromus pictus Emerton 1892 p 373 Emerton 1902 p 37Tibellomimus rufus Wunderlich 201a p 54

Female Body length 50-60 mm Carapace reddish brown brown spots scattered slightly lon-ger than wide head region and center of thoracic region light cervival furrow and radial furrow indistinct fovea faint (Fig 43A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 43A)


Chelicerae yellowish brown no marginal tooth Sternum light yellow heart-shaped covered with brown speckles and hairs Legs yellowish brown with blackish brown speckles and long spines Abdomen light yellow ovoid posterior end pointed dorsum with 2 pairs of muscle impressions dusky brown cardiac pattern and slash patterns (Fig 43A) venter light yellow Spinnerets yellow-ish brown enclosed by black Female epigynum with epigynal plate bordered narrowly sperma-thecae and copulatory duct visible partially from outside (Fig 43B)

Male Body length 30-40 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis long and point-ed ventral tibial apophysis short and blunt retrolateral tibial apophysis absent tegulum round embolus originated from posterior side of tegulum long and slender filiform (Fig 43C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China Mongolia Russia Europe USA (Holarctic)Korea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Goseong-gun Gangwon-do 23vi1997) 1 (Inje-gun Ganowon-do

3vi1997) 1 1 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 27v2010) 1 (Hwacheon-gun Gang-won-do 16iv1997) 1 (Yangpyeong-gun Gyeonggi-do 28v1993) 1 1 (Yoengju-si Gyeong-sangbuk-do 4vi1995) 1 (Jeju-si Jeju-do 6vi2001) 1 (Mt Mudeungsan Buk-gu Gwangju-si 3vi2013)

ecology Abundance is low Found around shrubs and bushes in mountainous region and fields

A

B

CD

Fig 43 Philodromus rufus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


43 Philodromus spinitarsis Simon 1895 (Fig 44 Pl 15)Na-mu-gyeol-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (나무결새우게거미)

Artanes fuliginosus Karsch 1879g p 80 (preoccupied)Philodromus spinitarsis Simon 1895a p 1058 (replacement name) Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p

267 Saitō 1959 p 133 Yaginuma 1960 p 101 Zhu and Wang 1963c p 478 Yaginuma 1971 p 101 Song Yu and Shang 1981 p 86 Hu 1984 p 332 Guo 1985 p 163 Zhu 1985 p 182 Yagi-numa 1986a p 217 Song 1987 p 265 Wu and Song 1987 p 32 Zhang 1987 p 217 Chikuni 1989b p 134 Hu and Wu 1989 p 321 Feng 1990 p 192 Chen and Gao 1990 p 165 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 285 Logunov 1992e p 57 Zhao 1993 p 343 Barrion and Litsinger 1994 p 290 Song and Zhu 1997 p 195 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 476 Hu 2001 p 328 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 376 Kim and Jung 2001 p 201 Namkung 2001 p 510 Namkung 2003 p 513 Ono and Ban 2009 p 481 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 426 Yin et al 2012 p 1249

Philodromus karschi Mello-Leitatildeo 1929 p 268 (superfluous replacement name)Philodromus fusco-marginatus Nakatsudi 1942b p 14 (misidentified per Muster 2009 p 154)Philodromus davidi Schenkel 1963 p 245 Namkung 1964 p 43Philodromus fuscomarginatus Paik 1979c p 430 (misidentified per Song and Zhu 1997 p 196) Kim

and Jung 2001 p 195 (misidentified per Muster 2009 p 154)

Female Body length 60-80 mm Carapace grayish brown flat disc-shaped slightly longer than wide head region light cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea blackish brown and faint (Fig 44A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 44A) Chelicerae dark brown 1 promarginal tooth and no retromarginal tooth Sternum light brown broad heart-shaped posterior end blunt Legs yellowish brown with dark brown annulations venter of tibiae and metatarsi of 1st and 2nd legs with 4-5 pairs of spines Abdomen grayish brown rounded pen-tagon-shaped longer than wide dorsum with dark brownish mottled quadrangle-shaped mark-ing in the center margin light and bordered with dark brown stripe (Fig 44A) venter light grayish brown with purplish brown crackled speckles in row Female epigynum with epigynal plate bor-dered like rounded triangle median septum present spermathecae and copulatory duct visible partially from outside (Fig 44B)

Male Body length 40-60 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis thin and blunt ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis thick and blunt tegulum round with hook-shaped tegulum apophysis at posterior center of tegulum embolus originated from the mid-dle of tegulum long and slender filiform (Fig 44C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China RussiaKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 22vii2010) 2 (Mt Dae-

seongsan Hwacheon-gun Gangwon-do 20v1997) 1 (Mt Mugapsan Gwangju-si Gyeonggi-do 31v1998) 1 (Yangpyeong-gun Gyeonggi-do 28v1993) 1 (Paju-si Gyeonggi-do 20v1997) 2 1 (Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 15v1992) 2 (Boryeong-si Chungcheongnam-do 22vi1995) 1 (Taean-gun Chungcheongnam-do 19vii2014) 1 (Miryang-si Gyeongsangnam- do 28v2009) 1 (Mt Gajisan Miryang-si Gyeongsangnam-do 27vii2009) (1 Jeju-si Jeju-do 9vi2001) 1 (Mt Hallasan Jeju-si Jeju-do 6vi2001)


ecology Found on the tree barks in mountainous region

44 Philodromus subaureolus Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 (Fig 45 Pl 16)Gal-sae-u-ge-geo-mi (갈새우게거미)

Philodromus subaureolus Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 270 Braun 1965 p 413 Yaginuma 1966b p 30 Yaginuma 1967a p 90 Yaginuma 1971 p 102 Paik 1979c p 439 Song et al 1979 p 19 Paik and Namkung 1979 p 73 Hu 1984 p 333 Yaginuma 1986a p 217 Song 1988 p 134 Chi-kuni 1989b p 135 Feng 1990 p 193 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 286 Song and Zhu 1997 p 197 Song Chen and Zhu 1997 p 1728 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 477 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 377 Kim and Jung 2001 p 202 Namkung 2001 p 505 Kim and Cho 2002 p 173 Namkung 2003 p 508 Ono and Ban 2009 p 479 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 427 Yin et al 2012 p 1250

Philodromus aureolus japonicola Boumlsenberg and Strand 1906 p 268 Yaginuma 1960 p 102Philodromus amitinus Chamberlin 1924 p 22Philodromus japonicola Yaginuma 1962 p 43 (elevated from subspecies of P aureolus)

Female Body length 60-70 mm Carapace brown longer than wide head region and canter

A

B

CD

Fig 44 Philodromus spinitarsis A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apoph-ysis of male palp


and margin of thoracic region white cervical furrow faint radial furrow indistinct fovea longitudi-nal and spiniform (Fig 45A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 45A) Chelicerae yellowish brown no marginal tooth Sternum yellowish brown broad heart-shaped Legs yellowish brown without annulation 2nd leg longest Abdomen grayish yellow long oval posterior end pointed longer than wide dorsum mottled with 4-5 pairs of slash patterns at poste-rior part (Fig 45A) venter gray Color and pattern variable Female epigynum with epigynal plate and broad median septum spermathecae and copulatory duct visible partially from outside (Fig 45B)

Male Body length 40-50 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with well developed tibial apophysis dorsal tibial apophysis thick and distal end truncated ventral tibial apophysis thick and finger-shaped tegulum round tegulum apophysis indistinct embolus originated from the middle of tegulum long and slender filiform (Fig 45C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China MongoliaKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Goseong-gun Gangwon-do 7vii1998) 1 (Inje-gun Ganowon-do

17viii1997) 1 (Mt Hwayasan Gapyeong-gun Gyeonggi-do 26viii2002) 1 (Icheon-si Gyeong-gi-do 28vii2009) 1 (Goesan-gun Chungcheongbuk-do 12vii1988) 3 1 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 18vii2007) 1 (Uiseong-gun Gyeongsangbuk-do 10vii2014)

A

B

CD

Fig 45 Philodromus subaureolus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp

Araneae Philodromidae Thanatus 81

2 1 (Geoje-si Gyeongsangnam-do 20vii2014) 1 (Namhae-gun Gyeongsangnam-do 16viii 2014) 1 (Mt Geumeumsan Namhae-gun Gyeongsangnam-do 18vi2014) 1 1 (Mt Gajisan Miryang-si Gyeongsangnam-do 24vi2009) 3 6 (Mt Mireuksan Tongyeong-si Gyeong-sangnam-do 18vi2014) 1 (Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do 10vi2008) 3 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup- si Jeollabuk-do 27vi2013) 1 (Yeosu-si Jeollanam-do 15vii2014) 1 (Jeju-si Jeju-do 17vi2001) 1 (Seo-gu Incheon-si 5vii2013) 1 (Mt Mudeungsan Buk-gu Gwangju-si 18vii2013) 1

(Daebyeonhang Port Gijang-gu Busan-si 23vii1996)ecology Found around shrubs or bushes in mountainous region plains marshes rice fields

and uplands

Genus Thanatus CL Koch 1837Chang-ge-geo-mi-sok (창게거미속)

Carapace moderately convex slightly longer than wide or as long as wide narrowed anteriorly slightly convex and rounded laterally Eyes small and subequal in size both eye rows recurved anterior eye row shorter than posterior eye row Chelicerae with condyles margin with denticles Sternum shiel- or heart-shaped covered with short spines in some species Abdomen broadest at middle rounded marginally moderately convex dorsally with conspicuous dark spear-shaped markings Legs stout with scopulae inconspicuous laterigrade II and IV longer than I and III metatarsi I without prolateral and retrolateral spines tarsi and metatarsi with scopulae Female epigynum with a broad flat median septum with slit-shaped copulatory openings laterally Male palp with a robust tegular apophysis extending to the ventral side ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis present embolus usually short

Type species Thanatus formicinus (Clerck 1757)

Key to the species of genus Thanatus

1 Head region with longitudinal stripes metatarsi and tarsi with scopulae 2- Head region without longitudinal stripe metatarsi and tarsi without scopula 32 Head region with 2 pairs of longitudinal stripes femora patellae and tibiae with spines

T coreanus- Head region with a pair of longitudinal stripes legs without spines T vulgaris3 Cervical and radial furrows indistinct legs with spots T miniaceus- Cervical and radial furrows distinct tbiae and metatarsi with spines T nipponicus

45 Thanatus coreanus Paik 1979 (Fig 46 Pl 17)Han-guk-chang-ge-geo-mi (한국창게거미)

Thanatus coreanus Paik 1979a p 118 Wu and Song 1987 p 34 Logunov 1996b p 174 Song and Zhu 1997 p 203 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 477 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 379 Kim and Jung 2001 p 204 Namkung 2001 p 512 Namkung 2003 p 515 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 429


Female Body length 70-80 mm Carapace reddish brown ovoid longer than wide head re-gion and center and margin of thoracic region white head region with 2 pairs of white longitudi-nal stripes cervical furrow radial furrow and fovea indistinct (Fig 46A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 46A) Chelicerae brown boss present 2 promarginal teeth and no retromarginal tooth Sternum brown heart-shaped covered sparsely with long and black hairs Legs reddish brown venter of femora patellae and tibiae with 3 pairs of spines venter of metatarsi with 2 pairs of spines metatarsi and tarsi with scopulae Abdomen light yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide dorsum with black spear-shaped cardiac pattern enclosed by white stripe several pairs of black speckles stretched in row (Fig 46A) Female epigynum with epigynal plate and broad median septum copulatory pores at lateral side of median septum spermathecae visible partially from outside (Fig 46B)

Male Body length 50-60 mm Similar to female with smaller body and blackish coloration in general Male palp with very long retrolateral tibial apophysis with pointed tip tegulum elliptical embolus hook-shaped with pointed tip originated from anterior side of tegulum (Fig 46C D)

Distribution Korea China RussiaKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 1 (Mt Jeombongsan Inje-gun Ganowon-do 17vii1995) 1 1

(Yeoju-gun Gyeonggi-do 10v1997) 4 10 (Gurye-gun Jeollabuk-do 15v1989)ecology Found around bushes in mountainous region

A

B

CD

Fig 46 Thanatus coreanus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


46 Thanatus miniaceus Simon 1880 (Fig 47)Jung-guk-chang-ge-geo-mi (중국창게거미)

Thanatus miniaceus Simon 1880b p 110 Song and Hubert 1983 p 12 Zhu 1985 p 185 Yaginuma 1986a p 215 Song 1987 p 269 Wu and Song 1987 p 34 Zhang 1987 p 222 Chikuni 1989b p 133 Feng 1990 p 194 Chen and Zhang 1991 p 284 Zhao 1993 p 352 Logunov 1996b p 179 Song and Zhu 1997 p 204 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 478 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 380 Kim and Jung 2001 p 205 Namkung 2001 p 513 Kim and Cho 2002 p 175 Namkung 2003 p 516 Chang and Tso 2004 p 30 Ono and Ban 2009 p 476 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 430

Thanatus formicinus Hu 1984 p 336 (misidentified)Thanatus xizangensis Hu and Li 1987b p 318 Hu 2001 p 332

Female Body length 60-70 mm Carapace reddish brown ovoid longer than wide head re-gion and center and margin of thoracic region white cervical furrow radial furrow and fovea in-distinct (Fig 47A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 47A) Chelicerae yellowish brown boss present 2 promarginal teeth and no retromarginal teeth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped covered sparsely with white and black hairs Legs yellowish brown brown speckles scattered dorsum of each segment with 2 rows of brown stripes and several spines Ab-domen light brown long oval longer than wide dorsum with black spear-shaped cardiac pattern enclosed by white stripe V-shaped stripe and black speckles at posterior part venter yellowish

A

B

CD

Fig 47 Thanatus miniaceus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


brown with sparse black hairs (Fig 47A) Female epigynum with epigynal plate and median sep-tum with broad anterior part copulatory pores at lateral side of median septum spermathecae vis-ible partially from outside (Fig 47B)

Male Body length 40-50 mm Similar to female with smaller body and blackish coloration in general Male palp with retrolateral tibial apophysis with very thick basal part and pointed tip tegulum elliptical embolus with pointed tip originated from anterior side of tegulum (Fig 47C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China MongoliaKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 2 1 (Goseong-gun Gangwon-do 20v1998) 1 (Yeongweol-gun

Gangwon-do 1x1996) 1 4 (Inje-gun Ganowon-do 3vi1997) 1 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 27v2010) 1 (Mt Maebongsan Taebaek-si Gangwon-do 21viii1997) 2 1 (Mt Geumhaksan Hongcheon-gun Gangwon-do 7vii1998) 1 (Hwacheon-gun Gangwon-do 3vi 1997) 4 (Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do 23vi2006) 1 (Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 18vi2001) 2

(Cheongweon-gun Chungcheongbuk-do 5vi1995) 1 (Geumsan-gun Chungcheongnam-do 15 vi1995) 1 (Hamyang-gun Gyeongsangnam-do 20vi2013) 1 (Jeju-si Jeju-do 6vi2001) 2

(Mt Onsusan Guro-gu Seoul 22v1997)ecology Found around bushes in mountainous region

47 Thanatus nipponicus Yaginuma 1969 (Fig 48)Il-bon-chang-ge-geo-mi (일본창게거미)

Thanatus nipponicus Yaginuma 1969 p 87 Shinkai and Hara 1975 p 15 Yaginuma Yamaguchi and Nishikawa 1976 p 829 Paik 1979a p 122 Yaginuma 1986a p 215 Wu and Song 1987 p 36 Logunov 1992e p 57 Logunov 1996b p 161 Song and Zhu 1997 p 206 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 478 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 382 Kim and Jung 2001 p 206 Namkung 2001 p 514 Namkung 2003 p 517 Ono and Ban 2009 p 476

Female Body length 60-80 mm Carapace yellowish brown ovoid longer than wide head re-gion with a pair of white stripes center of thoracic region light and a pair of blackish brown stripes laterally cervical furrow and radial furrow distinct fovea faint (Fig 48A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 48A) Chelicerae yellowish brown 2 promarginal teeth and no retromarginal tooth Sternum yellowish brown heart-shaped with grayish brown pattern Legs yellowish brown dorsum of each segment with 2 rows of brown stripes venter of tibiae and meta-tarsi with 3 and 2 pairs of spines respectively Abdomen yellowish brown long oval longer than wide dorsum with long yellowish brown spear-shaped cardiac pattern enclosed by white stripe V-shaped stripe and black speckles at posterior part (Fig 48A) venter light yellowish brown Fe-male epigynum with epigynal plate and median septum with broad anterior part copulatory pores at lateral side of median septum copulatory duct visible partially from outside (Fig 48B)

Male Body length 50-60 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with largely elongated retrolateral tibial apophysis anterior part broad web-foot-shaped and posterior part large spoon-shaped tegulum elliptical embolus hook-shaped with pointed tip originated from anterior side of tegulum (Fig 48C D)


Distribution Korea Japan China Mongolia RussiaKorea All provinces except Jeju-dospecimens examineD 1 (Pyeongchang-gun Gangwon-do 2xi2013) 2 (Hongcheon-gun

Gangwon-do 18ix1995) 1 1 (Mt Daeseongsan Hwacheon-gun Gangwon-do 19ix1997) 1

(Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 12x2012) 1 (Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do 15x2004) 1 (Taean-gun Chung-cheongnam-do 15ix2014) 1 (Yoengju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 13x1995) 4 3 (Mt Sobaek-san Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 28ix2007) 1 (Changwon-si Gyeongsangnam-do 10xi2008) 1 (Jangsu-gun Jeollabuk-do 6x1998) 1 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 11x2010) 1 (Damyang-gun Jeollanam-do 28ix2012)

ecology Found on the ground leaves of bushes or shrubs in mountainous region and fields

A

B

CD

Fig 48 Thanatus nipponicus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophy-sis of male palp


48 Thanatus vulgaris Simon 1870 (Fig 49)Sul-byeong-chang-ge-geo-mi (술병창게거미)

Drassus notatus Reuss 1834 p 206 (suppressed for lack of usage see Levy 1999 p 189)Thanatus vulgaris Simon 1870b p 328 Simon 1875 p 325 Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 114

Simon 1932 pp 863 886 Dondale Turnbull and Redner 1964 p 653 Miller 1971 p 130 Don-dale and Redner 1976 p 155 Levy 1977 p 214 Dondale and Redner 1978 p 120 Paik 1979a p 123 Zhou and Song 1985 p 272 Wu and Song 1987 p 36 Wunderlich 1987 p 261 Hu and Wu 1989 p 326 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 466 Wunderlich 1992 p 508 Zhao 1993 p 353 Hansen 1995 p 17 Logunov 1996b p 196 Song and Zhu 1997 p 207 Levy 1999b p 189 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 478 Lyakhov 2000 p 229 Szita and Samu 2000 p 173 Hu 2001 p 331 Kim and Jung 2001 p 207 Jaumlger 2002a p 50 van Helsdingen 2010 p 10 Logunov 2011 p 449 Logunov Ballarin and Marusik 2011 p 238 Wunderlich 2012 p 53 Bosmans and Van Keer 2012a p 11 Kastrygina and Kovblyuk 2013 p 251

Thanatus major Simon 1870b p 332 Simon 1875a p 323Philodromus thorellii OP-Cambridge 1872a p 309Philodromus vegetus L Koch 1882 p 645Thanatus peninsulanus Banks 1898 p 265 Kaston 1948 p 439 Schick 1965 p 93Thanatus vulgaris maderianus Kulczyński 1903a p 50Thanatus purcelli Simon 1910 p 196Thanatus vulgaris syriensis Strand 1913 p 158Thanatus odorus Strand 1915 p 153Thanatus rehobothicola Strand 1915 p 154 (listed by Roewer under both Thanatus and Philodromus)Thanatus notatus Strand 1916 p 34Thanatus retentus Chamberlin 1919 p 9Philodromus setosus Petrunkevitch 1929 p 523Thanatus vulgaris major Simon 1932 p 863Vacchellia thorelli Caporiacco 1935 p 194Tibellus pateli Hu and Li 1987b p 320 (misidentified)Thanatus pateli Hu and Li 1987b p 320 (misidentified)

Female Body length 80-95 mm Carapace dusky reddish brown ovoid longer than wide head region and center of thoracic region white cervical furrow and fovea indistinct radial furrow dis-tinct (Fig 49A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved (Fig 49A) Chelicerae brown 2 promarginal teeth and no retromarginal tooth Sternum pale yellowish brown heart-shaped covered with long and dark hairs Legs yellow brown speckles scattered metatarsi and tarsi with scopulae Abdomen yellowish brown long oval longer than wide dorsum with long and slender yellowish brown spear-shaped cardiac pattern enclosed by white stripe V-shaped stripe and black speckles at posterior part (Fig 49A) venter pale yellowish brown Female epigynum with epigynal plate bordered narrowly median septum absent spermathecae visible from outside

(Fig 49B)Male Body length 50-65 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body

coloration Male palp with largely elongated retrolateral tibial apophysis posterior part curved spoon-shaped tegulum elliptical embolus hook-shaped with pointed tip originated from anterior side of tegulum (Fig 49C D)

Araneae Philodromidae Tibellus 87

Distribution Korea China Europe Algeria North America (Holarctic)Korea GB GN Incheon Daegu Gwangjuspecimens examineD 2 1 (Mungyeong-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 26vii2002) 1 1 (Sang-

ju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 17viii1998)ecology Found on the ground leaves of bushes or shrubs in mountainous region and fields

Genus Tibellus Simon 1875Ga-jae-geo-mi-sok (가재거미속)

Carapace flat broad and oval longer than wide Eyes small and subequal in size anterior eye row with posterior median eyes form a hexagonal shape anterior eye row recurved posterior eye row slightly procurved Chelicerae small and weak Sternum shield-shaped and covered with thin hairs on slightly elevated dots narrowed posteriorly Abdomen very long and cylindrical slightly blunted and indented at front and gently tapered to spinnerets both sides almost parallel conspi-cuous longitudinal stripes and spots on dorsum Legs relatively long leg II slightly longer than

A

B

CD

Fig 49 Thanatus vulgaris A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


leg IV leg III shortest tarsi and metatarsi with scopulae and short spines Female epigynum with broad septum tapered posteriorly atrium broad heavily sclerotised Male palp with or without tibial apophysis embolus thin

Type species Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer 1802)

Key to the species of genus Tibellus

1 Abodominal dorsum with a pair of black spots tibial retrolateral apophysis of male palp dis-tinct T oblongus

- Abodominal dorsum with 2 pair of black spots tibial retrolateral apophysis of male palp indis-tinct T tenellus

49 Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer 1802) (Fig 50)Du-jeom-ga-jae-geo-mi (두점가재거미)

Aranea oblonga Walckenaer 1802 p 228Thomisus oblongus Walckenaer 1805 p 38 Hahn 1831a p 10 Hahn 1836 p 1Formicinus oblongus Jarocki 1825 p 369 (generic nomen oblitum)Philodromus oblongus Walckenaer 1837 p 558 Blackwall 1861a p 100Thanatus parallelus CL Koch 1837a p 87 CL Koch 1837b p 28Philodromus gracilentus Lucas 1846 p 199Thanata gracilenta Simon 1864 p 401Thanatus trilineatus Prach 1866 p 630Thanatus oblongus Ohlert 1867 p 122 Thorell 1872a p 269 Menge 1875 p 396 Hansen 1882 p

65 Gertsch 1933a p 3Thanatus maritimus Menge 1875 p 398Thanatus propinquus Simon 1875a p 309 Becker 1882b p 237Metastenus oblongus Bertkau 1878 p 377Metastenus parallelus Bertkau 1878 p 377Tibellus oblongus Keyserling 1880 p 194 Boumlsenberg 1902 p 338 Engelhardt 1910 p 110 Jackson

1911b p 387 Charitonov 1926c p 121 Peelle and Saitō 1933 p 115 Saitō 1934 p 286 Chick-ering 1940a p 234 Tullgren 1944 p 124 Kaston 1948 p 440 Locket and Millidge 1951 p 203 Locket and Millidge 1957 p 488 Saitō 1959 p 134 Yaginuma 1960 p 101 Buchar 1961 p 90 Schick 1965 p 99 Mikulska 1967 p 389 Azheganova 1968 p 116 Vilbaste 1969 p 113 Yaginuma 1971 p 101 Tyschchenko 1971 p 113 Miller 1971 p 128 Izmailova 1972a p 40 Braendegaard 1972 p 42 Levy 1977 p 226 Dondale and Redner 1978b p 99 Utochkin 1981 p 12 Hu 1984 p 340 Roberts 1985 p 114 Yaginuma 1986a p 216 Zhang 1987 p 224 Chikuni 1989b p 133 Chen and Gao 1990 p 167 Heimer and Nentwig 1991 p 466 Zhao 1993 p 353 Baldacchino et al 1993 p 51 Barrion and Litsinger 1994 p 290 Roberts 1995 p 178 Mcheid-ze 1997 p 133 Roberts 1998 p 190 Efimik 1999 p 117 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 479 Hu 2001 p 334 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 384 Kim and Jung 2001 p 208 Namkung 2001 p 516 Paquin and Dupeacuterreacute 2003 p 185 Namkung 2003 p 519 Almquist 2006 p 475 Ono and Ban 2009 p 477 Zhu and Zhang 2011 p 433 Wunderlich 2012 p 55 Ramiacuterez 2014 p 65

Thanatus parallelus Chyzer and Kulczyński 1891 p 115 Simon 1932 pp 866 888 Song 1987 p


271 Hu and Wu 1989 p 330 Zhao 1993 p 355Thanatus duttoni Emerton 1892 p 378 (misidentified) Emerton 1902 p 39 (misidentified)Thanatus punctatus Hull 1955 p 56Thanatus longicephalus Utochkin 1981 p 9Thanatus lineatus Utochkin 1981 p 10 Utochkin 1984 p 4

Female Body length 100-120 mm Carapace yellowish brown long oval longer than wide broad brown longitudinal band in the center margin with brown longitudinal stripe laterally nar-row brown longitudinal stripe between them (Fig 50A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved posterior eye row much longer than anterior eye row (Fig 50A) Chelicerae light brown 2 promarginal teeth and no retromarginal tooth Sternum light brown shield-shaped pos-terior end pointed Legs long and yellow small brown speckles and spines scattered metatarsi and tarsi with scopulae Abdomen yellowish brown long cylindrical much longer than wide dor-sum with 3 brown longitudinal stripe narrow pale brown longitudinal stripe between them and a pair of black spots at posterior part (Fig 50A) Female epigynum with slightly swollen epigynal plate and median septum with broad anterior part spermathecae visible partially from outside (Fig 50B)

A

B

CD

Fig 50 Tibellus oblongus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


Male Body length 80-90 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with elliptical tegulum embolus slender and slightly curved with pointed tip originated from anterior side of tegulum (Fig 50C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China Mongolia Russia Europe USA (Holarctic)Korea CN GB Incheonspecimens examineD 2 2 (Taean-gun Chungcheongnam-do 11viii2014) 1 (Mt So-

baeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 30vi2009)ecology Found between bushes or shrubs in mountainous region and fields

50 Tibellus tenellus (L Koch 1876) (Fig 51 Pl 18)Neok-jeom-ga-jae-geo-mi (넉점가재거미)

Thanatus tenellus L Koch 1876a p 849Tibellus tenellus Yaginuma 1960 p 101 Yaginuma 1971 p 101 Hu and Guo 1982 p 144 Hu 1984

p 341 Guo 1985 p 169 Zhu 1985 p 188 Yaginuma 1986 p 216 Zhang 1987 p 225 Zhao

A

B

CD

Fig 51 Tibellus tenellus A female body B female epigynum C male palp D tibial apophysis of male palp


1993 p 357 Song Zhu and Chen 1999 p 479 Song Zhu and Chen 2001 p 386 Kim and Jung 2001 p 209 Namkung 2001 p 515 Namkung 2003 p 518

Female Body length 80-100 mm Carapace yellowish brown long oval longer than wide broad brown longitudinal band in the center margin with brown longitudinal stripe laterally nar-row brown longitudinal stripe between them (Fig 51A) Eight eyes arranged in 2 rows both eye rows retrocurved posterior eye row much longer than anterior eye row (Fig 51A) Chelicerae light brown 2 promarginal teeth and no retromarginal teeth Sternum light brown shield-shaped pos-terior end pointed Legs long and yellowish brown small brown speckles scattered metatarsi and tarsi with scopulae Abdomen yellowish brown long cylindrical much longer than wide dorsum with 3 brown longitudinal stripe and 2 pairs of black spots at anterior and posterior parts (Fig 51A) Female epigynum with slightly swollen epigynal plate and median septum with broad anterior part spermathecae visible partially from outside (Fig 51B)

Male Body length 60-80 mm Similar to female with smaller body thin legs and dark body coloration Male palp with elliptical tegulum embolus thick and hook-shaped with pointed tip originated from anterior side of tegulum (Fig 51C D)

Distribution Korea Japan China RussiaKorea All provincesspecimens examineD 1 (Mt Bangtaesan Inje-gun Gangwon-do 22vii2010) 1 (Mt Jeom-

bongsan Inje-gun Ganowon-do 19v1999) 1 (Mt Gariwangsan Jeongseon-gun Jeollanam-do 6viii2009) 1 (Mt Myeongjisan Gapyeong-gun Gyeonggi-do 19vi1992) 2 2 (Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 24viii2009) 7 3 (Jebudo Isl Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 23vii2009) 1 (Mt Sobaeksan Yeongju-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 29v2008) 1 (Mt Naejangsan Jeongeup-si Jeolla-buk-do 3vii2009)

ecology Found between bushes or shrubs in mountainous region and fields


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Agnarsson I 1996 Iacuteslenskar koumlngulaer Fjoumllrit Naacutettuacuterufraedistofnunar 31 1-175Almquist S 2005 Swedish Araneae part 1 families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded) Insect

Syst Evol Suppl 62 1-284Almquist S 2006 Swedish Araneae part 2 families Dictynidae to Salticidae Insect Syst Evol Suppl 63

285-601Andreeva EM 1976 Payki Tadzhikistana Dyushanbe pp 1-196Andreeva EM and VP Tyschchenko 1969 On the fauna of spiders (Araneae) from Tadjikistan Haplogynae

Cribellatae Ecribellatae Trionychae (Pholcidae Palpimanidae Hersiliidae Oxyopidae) Ent Obozr 48 373-384

Azarkina GN and LA Trilikauskas 2013b New data on spider fauna (Aranei) of the Russian Altai part III families Mimetidae Miturgidae Oxyopidae Philodromidae Pholcidae Pisauridae Salticidae Sparas-sidae Tetragnathidae Theridiidae Thomisidae Titanoecidae Uloboridae and Zoridae Eurasian Ento-mol J 12 243-254

Azheganova NS 1968 Kratkii opredelitelrsquo paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR Akademia Nauk SSSR pp 1-149

Baldacchino AE D Dandria E Lanfranco and PJ Schembri 1993 Records of spiders (Arachnida Araneae) from the Maltese Islands (central Mediterranean) Central Mediterr Naturalist 2(2) 37-59

Banks N 1892 The spider fauna of the Upper Cayuga Lake Basin Proc Acad nat Sci Philad 1892 11-81Banks N 1898 Arachnida from Baja California and other parts of Mexico Proc Californ Acad Sci (3) 1

205-308Barrion AT and JA Litsinger 1994 Taxonomy of rice insect pests and their arthropod parasites and preda-

tors In Heinrichs EA (ed) Bio and Mana of Rice Insects Wiley Eastern New Delhi pp 363-486Barrion AT and JA Litsinger 1995 Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia CAB International Wall-

ingford UK xix+700 ppBaum S 1972 Zum ldquoCribellaten-Problemrdquo Die Genitalstrukturen der Oecobiinae und Urocteinae (Arach

Aran Oecobiidae) Abh VerhNaturw Ver Hamburg (NF) 16 101-153Baum S 1980 Taxonomie und Genitalstrukturen weiterer Arten der Genera Oecobius und Uroctea (Arach

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Kulczyński W 1903 Aranearum et Opilionum species in insula Creta a comite Dre Carolo Attems collectae Bulletin International de lrsquoAcademie des Sciences de Cracovie 1903 32-58

Kulczyński W 1908 Araneae et Oribatidae Expeditionum rossicarum in insulas Novo-Sibiricas annis 1885-


1886 et 1900-1903 susceptarum Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademy Naouk St Petersburg (8) 18(7) 1-97Kulczyński W 1911 Fragmenta Arachnologica XVI XVII Bull Acad Cracovie 1911 12-75Kullmann E and W Zimmermann 1976a Ein neuer Beitrag zum Cribellaten-Ecribellaten-Problem Besch-

reibung von Uroecobius ecribellatus n gen n sp und Diskussion seiner phylogenetischen Stellung

(Arachnida Araneae Oecobiidae) Ent Germ 3 29-40Kumada K 1988 Oecobius cellariorum found in Japan Atypus 91 1-4Kunt KB EA Yagmur T Danisman A Bayram and RS Kaya 2009 Genus Uroctea Dufour 1820 (Araneae

Oecobiidae) in Turkey Serket 11 93-101Latreille PA 1804 Histoire naturelle geacuteneacuterale et particuliegravere des Crustaceacutes et des Insectes Paris 7 144-305Latreille PA 1806 Genera crustaceorum et insectorum Paris tome 1 302 pp (Araneae pp 82-127)Latreille PA 1809 Genera crustaceorum et insectorum Paris 4 370-371Latreille PA 1831 Cours drsquoentomologie ou lrsquohistoire naturelle des Crustaces des Arachnides des Myriapo-

des et des Insectes Paris 568 ppLawrence RF 1952 New spiders from the eastern half of South Africa Ann Natal Mus 12 183-226Le Peru B 2011 The spiders of Europe a synthesis of data Volume 1 Atypidae to Theridiidae Meacutem Soc

Linn Lyon 2 1-522Ledoux J-C 1963 Sur quelques araigneacutees reacutecolteacutees pregraves drsquoAvignon et de Montpellier Entomologiste 19

100-101Ledoux J-C and N Halleacute 1995 Araigneacutees de lrsquoicircle Rapa (icircles Australes Polyneacutesie) Revue arachnol 11

1-15Lee CL 1966 Spiders of Formosa (Taiwan) Taichung Jun Teachers Coll Publ 84 ppLee YB JS Yoo DJ Lee and JP Kim 2004 Ground dwelling spiders Korean Arachnol 20 97-115Legotai MV and NP Sekerskaya 1982 Pauki v sadakh Zashita Rastenii 1982(7) 48-51Legotai MV and NP Sekerskaya 1989 Pauki In Ostrovskaya TV (ed) Poleznaya fauna plodovogo sada

Agropromizat Moscow pp 218-227Lehtinen PT 1967 Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families with notes on the evolu-

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193-229Levy G 1999 New thomisid and philodromid spiders (Araneae) from southern Israel Bulletin of the British

Arachnological Society 11 185-190Li AH 1991 Two new species of spiders of the genus Heteropoda from China (Araneae Heteropodidae)

Acta agric Univ Jiangxiensis 13 366-369Linnaeus C 1758 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum

characteribus differentiis synonymis locis Editio decima reformata Holmiae 821 pp (Araneae pp 619-624)

Linnaeus C 1767 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis Editio duodecima reformata Holmiae 1(2) 533-1327

(Araneae pp 1030-1037)Locket GH and AF Millidge 1951 British spiders Ray Society London 1 1-310Locket GH and AF Millidge 1953 British spiders Ray Society London 2 1-449Locket GH and AF Millidge 1957 On new and rare British spiders Annals and Magazine of Natural His-


tory (12) 10 481-492Logunov DV 1992 On the spider fauna of the Bolshekhekhtsyrski State Reserva (Khabarovsk Province) I

Families Araneidae Lycosidae Philodromidae Tetragnathidae and Thomisidae Sibirskij Biologichesky Zhurnal 1992(4) 56-68

Logunov DV 1996 A critical review of the spider genera Apollophanes OP-Cambridge 1898 and Thanatus CL Koch 1837 in North Asia (Araneae Philodromidae) Revue Arachnologique 11 133-202

Logunov DV 1997 Taxonomic notes on some Central Asian philodromid spiders (Aranei Philodromidae) Arthropoda Selecta 6(12) 99-104

Logunov DV 2011 Notes on the Philodromidae (Araneae) of the United Arab Emirates Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 315 441-451

Logunov DV F Ballarin and YM Marusik 2011 New faunistic records of the jumping and crab spiders of Karakoram Pakistan (Aranei Philodromidae Salticidae and Thomisidae) Arthropoda Selecta 20 233-240

Logunov DV and EF Huseynov 2008 A faunistic review of the spider family Philodromidae (Aranei) of Azerbaijan Arthropoda Selecta 17 117-131

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annees 1840 1841 1842 publiee par ordre du Gouvernement et avec le concours drsquoune commission academique Paris Sciences physiques Zoologie 1 89-271

Lucas H 1852 Description de lrsquoOlios albifrons Ann Soc ent Fr (2) 10(Bull) 76-78Lucas H 1858 Aptegraveres In Thomson J (ed) Voyage au Gabon Arch ent Thomson 2 373-445Lyakhov OV 2000 Contribution to the Middle Asian fauna of the spider genus Thanatus CL Koch 1837

(Aranei Philodromidae) Arthropoda Selecta 8 221-230Martini FHW and JAE Goeze (eds) 1778 D Martin Listers Naturgeschichte der Spinnen uumlberhaupt und

der Engellaumlndischen Spinnen insbesonderheit aus dem Lateinischen uumlbersetzt und mit Anmerkun-gen vermehrt Mit 5 Kupfertafeln - pp I-XXVIII [=1-28] 1-302 [1-13] Tab I-V [=1-5] Quedlinburg Blankenburg (Reuszligner)

Marusik YM 1991 Crab spiders of the family Philodromidae (Aranei) from east Siberia Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal 70(10) 48-58

Marusik YM and S Koponen 2000 New data on spiders (Aranei) from the Maritime Province Russian Far East Arthropoda Selecta 9 55-68

Marusik YM and MM Kovblyuk 2011 Spiders (Arachnida Aranei) of Siberia and Russian Far East KMK Scientific Press Moscow 344 pp

Marusik YM and GV Kuzminykh 2010 On two spider genera new to Russia (Aranei Corinnidae Sparas-sidae) Arthropoda Selecta 19 97-100

Marusik YM NR Fritzeacuten and DX Song 2007 On spiders (Aranei) collected in central Xinjiang China Arthropoda Selecta 15 259-276

Marusik YM H Hippa and S Koponen 1996 Spiders (Araneae) from the Altai area southern Siberia Acta Zool Fennica 201 11-45

Marusik YM MM Kovblyuk and AA Nadolny 2009 A survey of Lathys Simon 1884 from Crimea with resurrection of Scotolathys Simon 1884 (Aranei Dictynidae) Arthropoda Selecta 18 21-33

Marusik YM SV Ovchinnikov and S Koponen 2006 Uncommon conformation of the male palp in common Holarctic spiders belonging to the Lathys stigmatisata group (Araneae Dictynidae) Bull Br arachnol Soc 13 353-360

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National Park) Hokkaidordquo Bulletin of the Higashi Taisetsu Museum of Natural History 8 83-92McCook HC 1878 Note on the probable geographical distribution of a spider by the trade winds Proc

Acad nat Sci Philad 1878 136-147Mcheidze TS 1997 Spiders of Georgia Systematics Ecology Zoogeographic Review Tbilisi Univ pp

1-390 (in Georgian)Mello-Leitatildeo CF de 1915 Algunas generos e especies novas de araneidos do Brasil Broteria 13 129-142Mello-Leitatildeo CF de 1917a Notas arachnologicas 5 Especies novas ou pouco conhecidas do Brasil Broteria

15 74-102Mello-Leitatildeo CF de 1917b Generos e especies novas de araneidos Arch Esc sup agric med veter 1

3-19Mello-Leitatildeo CF de 1929 Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de

Janeiro 31 9-359Mello-Leitatildeo CF de 1943 Cataacutelogo das aranhas do Rio Grande do Sul Archos Mus nac Rio de J 37 147-

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Zool Jahrb Syst 31 165-354Mikulska I 1967 Some observations on the biology of the spider Tibellus oblongus (Walck) Przegląd Zoo-

logiczny 11 388-391Miller F 1947 Pavouciacute zviacuterena hadcovyacutech stepiacute u Mohelna Arch Sv Vyzk ochr prirod kraj zem Morav

7 1-107Miller F 1949 The new spiders from the serpentine rocky heath mear Mohelno (Moravia occ) Ent Listy 12

88-98Miller F 1971 Pavouci-Araneida Kliacutec zviacutereny CSSR 4 51-306Millidge AF 1993 Further remarks on the taxonomy and relationships of the Linyphiidae based on the

epigynal duct confirmations and other characters (Araneae) Bull Br arachnol Soc 9 145-156Muller L 1956 Les cribellates dans le Grand-Ducheacute de Luxembourg Arch Inst Grand-Ducal Luxemb 23

195-207Muumlller PLS 1776 Des Ritters Carl von Linneacute koumlniglich schwedischen Leibarztes sc Wollstaumlndiges

Natursystem nach der zwoumllsten lateinischen Ausgabe und nach Anleitung des hollaumlndischen houttuy-nischen Werks mit einer ausfuumlhrlichen Erklaumlrung Suppl und Registerband Nuumlrnberg (Araneae pp 342-344)

Muster C 2009 Phylogenetic relationships within Philodromidae with a taxonomic revision of Philodromus subgenus Artanes in the western Palearctic (Arachnida Araneae) Invertebrate Systematics 23 135-169

Muster C and K Thaler 2004 New species and records of Mediterranean Philodromidae (Arachnida Araneae) I Philodromus aureolus group In Thaler K (ed) Diversitaumlt und Biologie von Webspinnen Skorpionen und anderen Spinnentieren Denisia 12 305-326

Nakatsudi K 1942a Arachnida from Izu-Sitito J agric Sci Tokyo (Nogyo Daigaku) 1 287-332Nakatsudi K 1942b Spiders from Heiho Prefecture North Manchuria China Acta Arachnologica Tokyo

7 7-18Nakatsudi K 1943 Some Arachnida from Micronesia J agric Sci Tokyo (Nogyo Daigaku) 2 147-180Namkung J 1964 Spiders from Chungjoo Korea Atypus 33-34 31-50


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(Araneae Argyronetidae) Korean Arachnol 12(1) 111-117National Institute of Biological Resources 2014 Red Data Book of Endangered Species in Korea Spiders

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Science Museum Tokyo ii+252 ppOno H 1991 Lathys sexoculata Seo et Sohn (Araneae Dictynidae) new to the Japanese fauna Atypus 9899

37-39Ono H 2002 New and remarkable spiders of the families Liphistiidae Argyronetidae Pisauridae Theridii-

dae and Araneidae (Arachnida) from Japan Bull natn Sci Mus Tokyo (A) 28 51-60Ono H 2003 A new dictynid spider from Iriomotejima Island southwest Japan with a list of Japanese spe-

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families and genera and illustrations of the species Tokai Univ Press Kanagawa pp 249-250 476-481

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Ono H and E Mizuyama 2001 Spiders from Ueacuteno-kocircen Taitocirc-ku Tokyo Japan first report (Arachnida Araneae) Kishidaia 81 43-52

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Ovtchinnikov SV 1988 Materials on spider fauna of the superfamily Amaurobioidea of Kirghizia Ent Issled Kirghizii 19 139-152

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97-106Paik KY 1978 Araneae Illustr Fauna Flora Korea 21 1-548


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Paik KY 1979b Korean spiders of family Dictynidae Res Rev Kyungpook Natn Univ 27 419-431Paik KY 1979c Korean spiders of the genus Philodromus (Araneae Thomisidae) Research Review of

Kyungpook National University 28 421-452Paik KY and J Namkung 1967 Korean spiders of genus Cybaeus (Araneae Argyronetidae) 2 Korean J

Zool 10 21-26Paik KY T Yaginuma and J Namkung 1969 Results of the speleological survey in South Korea 1966 XIX

Cave-dwelling spiders from the southern part of Korea Bull natn Sci Mus Tokyo 12 795-844Paik WH and J Namkung 1979 Studies on the rice paddy spiders from Korea Seoul National Univ pp

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Hahniidae Dictynidae Amaurobiidae Titanoecidae Segestriidae Pholcidae und Sicariidae Fauna fenn 30 1-50

Palmgren P 1983 Die Philodromus aureolus-Gruppe und die Xysticus cristatus-Gruppe (Araneae) in Finnland Annales Zoologici Fennici 20 203-206

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Paquin P and N Dupeacuterreacute 2003 Guide drsquoidentification des araigneacutees de Queacutebec Fabreries Suppl 11 1-251Paquin P CJ Vink and N Dupeacuterreacute 2010 Spiders of New Zealand Annotated Family Key amp Species List

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Biologhitscheskoi Stantzii Obtchiestwa Lioubitelei Iestiestwoznania Antropologhii i Etnografii w Boltchewie Moskowskoi Goubernii 2 1-74

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tynidae) Vest Zool 1975(1) 84-86Platnick NI 2014 The world spider catalog version 15 American Museum of Natural History online at

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89-102Ramiacuterez M 2014 The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae Arameomorphae) Bull

Am Mus nat Hist 390 1-374Reimoser E 1928 Einheimische Spinnen 1 and 2 Die Natur (Wien) 4(5) 103-108Reimoser E 1930 Einheimische Spinnen 5 Die Natur (Wien) 6 9-15 53-58Reimoser E 1931 Einheimische Spinnen 6-9 Die Natur (Wien) 7 37-41 57-61 83-87 127-130Reimoser E 1935 Araneida In Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der niederlaumlndischen Expeditionen in den

Karakorum Zoologie (Leipzig) 1935 169-176Reuss A 1834 Zoologische miscellen Museum Senckenbergianum Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der

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Harley Books Colchester EnglandRoberts MJ 1995 Collins Field Guide Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe Harper Collins London

383 ppRoberts MJ 1998 Spinnengids Tirion Baarn Netherlands 397 ppRoewer CF 1951 Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten Abh naturw Ver Bremen 32 437-456Roewer CF 1960 Solifugen und Opilioniden - Araneae Orthognathae Haplogynae und Entelegynae (Con-

tribution agrave lrsquoeacutetude de la faune drsquoAfghanistan 23) Goumlteborgs K Vetensk-o VitterhSamh Handl 8(7) 1-53

Roşca A 1968 Cercetǎri asupra faunei de aranee din icircmprejurimile Iaşilor Studii şi Cercetăride Biologie

(Zool) 20 79-87Saaristo MI 2010 Araneae In Gerlach J and Y Marusik (eds) Arachnida and Myriapoda of the Seychelles

islands Siri Scientific Press Manchester UK pp 8-306Saitō S 1933 Notes on the spiders from Formosa Trans Sapporo nat Hist Soc 13 32-61Saitō S 1934 Spiders from Hokkaido Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido Imperial University

Sapporo Japan 33 267-362Saitō S 1936 Arachnida of Jehol Araneida Rep First Sci Exped Manchoukuo (Sect 5 Div 1) 3 1-88Saitō S 1939 On the spiders from Tohoku (northernmost part of the main island) Japan Saito Ho-On Kai

Museum Research Bulletin 18(Zool 6) 1-91Saitō S 1959 The Spider Book Illustrated in Colours Hokuryukan Tokyo 194 ppSantos AJ and MO Gonzaga 2003 On the spider genus Oecobius Lucas 1846 in South America (Araneae

Oecobiidae) J nat Hist 37 239-252Schenkel E 1936 Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen

Chinas unter Leitung von Dr Sven Hedin und Prof Suuml Ping-chang Araneae gesammelt vom schwed-


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Rio de J (NS Zool) 119 1-108Schenkel E 1963 Ostasiatische Spinnen aus dem Museacuteum drsquoHistoire naturelle de Paris Meacutem Mus natn

Hist nat Paris (A Zool) 25 1-481Schick RX 1965 The crab spiders of California (Araneae Thomisidae) Bulletin of the American Museum of

Natural History 129 1-180Schmidt G 1956 Zur Fauna der durch canarische Bananen eingeschleppten Spinnen mit Beschreibungen

neuer Arten Zool Anz 157 140-153Schrank F von P 1781 Enumeratio insectorum austriae indigenorum Augustae Vindelicorum 552 pp

(Araneae pp 526-534)Schrank F von P 1803 Fauna Boica Durch dachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und Zahmen

Tiere Landshut 3(1) 229-244Scopoli JA 1763 Entomologia carniolica exhibens insecta carniolae indigena et distributa in ordines genera

species varietates Methodo Linnaeana Vindobonae pp 1-420 (Araneae pp 392-404)Segers H 1987 Determinatieproblemen in de Philodromus- aureolus groep (Araneae Philodromidae) Nieu-

wsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 6 9-15Segers H 1989 A redescription of Philodromus albidus Kulczyński 1911 (Araneae Philodromidae) Bulletin

of the British Arachnological Society 8 38-40Segers H 1990 The identification and taxonomic status of Philodromus praedatus OP-Cambridge (Araneae

Thomisidae) Revue Arachnologique 9 11-14Segers H 1992 Nomenclatural notes on and redescriptions of some little-known species of the Philodromus

aureolus group (Araneae Philodromidae) Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 9 19-25Sekiguchi K 1943 Life history of Heteropoda venatoria Linnaeus Acta arachn Tokyo 8 66-73Seo BK and SR Sohn 1984 The spider fauna and three valuable species of Namhae-gun Gyeongsangnam-

do Korea J Inst nat Sci 3 113-120Sethi VD and BK Tikader 1988 Studies on some giant crab spiders of the family Heteropodidae from

India Rec zool Surv India misc Publ Occas Pap 93 1-94Shear WA 1970 The spider family Oecobiidae in North America Mexico and the West Indies Bull Mus

comp Zool Harv 140 129-164Shear WA and PLG Benoit 1974 New species and new records in the genus Oecobius Lucas from Africa

and nearby islands (Araneae Oecobiidae Oecobiinae) Revue Zool afr 88 706-720Sherriffs WR 1955 More Oriental spiders of the genus Oxyopes Proc zool Soc Lond 125 297-308Shinkai E and K Hara 1975 Spiders from the Chichibu district Saitama Prefecture Japan Atypus 65

7-18Simon E 1864 Histoire naturelle des araigneacutees (araneacuteides) Paris pp 1-540Simon E 1870 Araneacuteides noveaux ou peu connus du midi de lrsquoEurope Meacutemoires de la Socieacuteteacute Royale des

Sciences de Liegravege (2) 3 271-358Simon E 1874 Les arachnides de France Paris 1 1-272Simon E 1875 Les arachnides de France Paris 2 1-350Simon E 1880a Reacutevision de la famille des Sparassidae (Arachnides) Act Soc linn Bord 34 223-351Simon E 1880b Etudes arachnologiques 11e Meacutemoire XVII Arachnides recueilles aux environs de Peacutekin

par M V Collin de Plancy Annales de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de France (5) 10 97-128Simon E 1883 Eacutetudes arachnologiques 14e Meacutemoire XXI Mateacuteriaux pour servir agrave la faune arachnologique


des icircles de lrsquoOceacutean Atlantique (Accedilores Madegravere Salvages Canaries Cap Vert Sainte-Heacutelegravene et Ber-mudes) Ann Soc ent Fr (6) 3 259-314

Simon E 1884 Arachnides nouveaux drsquoAlgeacuterie Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Zoologique de France 9 321-327Simon E 1886 Descriptions de quelques espegraveces nouvelles de la famille des Agelenidae Ann Soc ent

Belg 30(CR) 56-61Simon E 1887 Etude sur les arachnides de lrsquoAsie meacuteridionale faisant partie des collections de lrsquoIndian

Museum (Calcutta) I Arachnides recueillis agrave Tavoy (Tenasserim) par Moti Ram J asiat Soc Bengal 56 101-117

Simon E 1892 Histoire naturelle des araigneacutees Paris 1 1-256Simon E 1893 Arachnides In Voyage de ME Simon au Venezuela (deacutecembre 1887-avril 1888) 21e

Meacutemoire Ann Soc ent Fr 61 423-462Simon E 1895 Histoire naturelle des araigneacutees Paris 1 761-1084Simon E 1897 Histoire naturelle des araigneacutees Paris 2 1-192Simon E 1898 Histoire naturelle des araigneacutees Paris 2 193-380Simon E 1910 Arachnoidea Araneae (ii) In Schultze L (ed) Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse

einer Forschungsreise im Westlichen und zentralen Suumldafrika Denkschriften der Medizinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 16 175-218

Simon E 1911 Catalogue raisonneacute des arachnides du nord de lrsquoAfrique (1re partie) Ann Soc ent Fr 79 265-332

Simon E 1914 Les arachnides de France Synopsis geacuteneacuterale et catalogue des espegraveces franccedilaises de lrsquoordre des Araneae 1re partie Paris 6 1-308

Simon E 1916 Descriptions de plusieurs espegraveces drsquoarachnides reacutecemment deacutecouvertes en France (Troisiegraveme note) Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de France 1916 209-211

Simon E 1932 Les arachnides de France Tome VI Synopsis geacuteneacuterale et catalogue des espegraveces franccedilaises de lrsquoordre des Araneae 4e partie Paris 6 773-978

Simon E 1937 Les arachnides de France Tome VI Synopsis geacuteneacuterale et catalogue des espegraveces franccedilaises de lrsquoordre des Araneae 5e et dernieacutere partie Paris 6 979-1298

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rainforest China Zootaxa 3066 21-36Zhao JZ 1993 Spiders in the Cotton Fields in China Wuhan Publishing House Wuhan China pp 1-552Zhou NL and DX Song 1985 A new record of the genus Philodromus (Araneae Philodromidae) from

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pp

Plates 113

Plates

1 Oecobius navus female 2 Uroctea compactilis female 3 Uroctea lesserti female 4 Oxyopes licenti female 5 Oxyopes sertatus female (egg sac protection) 6 Argyroneta aquatica female 7 Cybaeus mosanensis female 8 Dictyna arundinacea female 9 Dictyna felis male10 Micrommata virescens female11 Sinopoda forcipata male12 Sinopoda koreana female13 Philodromus auricomus male14 Philodromus rufus female15 Philodromus spinitarsis female16 Philodromus subaureolus male17 Thanatus coreanus female18 Tibellus tenellus female


1 2

3 4

5 6

Plates 115

7 8

9 10

11 12


13 14

15 16

17 18


ㄱ

가재거미속 87갈대잎거미 39갈새우게거미 79거미강 9거미목 9공산마른잎거미 47굴뚝거미과 22굴뚝거미속 25굴잎거미 33굴잎거미속 32금두더지거미 37금새우게거미 65김화새우게거미 70

ㄴ

나무결새우게거미 78낙엽농발거미 56남녘납거미 13납거미 14납거미속 13낯표스라소니거미 20넉점가재거미 90농발거미 52농발거미과 50농발거미속 52

ㄷ

단지새우게거미 75대륙납거미 14두더지거미 35두더지거미속 35두점가재거미 88

ㅁ

마른잎거미 45마른잎거미속 43

모산굴뚝거미 27물거미 23물거미속 23

ㅂ

별농발거미 59별농발거미속 56북방새우게거미 76분스라소니거미 18

ㅅ

삼각굴뚝거미 29새우게거미과 60새우게거미속 63술병창게거미 86스라소니거미과 16스라소니거미속 17쌍갈퀴마른잎거미 44

ㅇ

아기스라소니거미 19아기잎거미 42아폴로게거미속 61어리집새우게거미 74얼룩이새우게거미 72왕굴뚝거미 26육눈이마른잎거미 46이슬거미 54이슬거미속 54일본창게거미 84잎거미 41잎거미과 31잎거미속 39

ㅈ

쟁기굴뚝거미 26

Index to Korean Names


절지동물문 9중국창게거미 83

ㅊ

창게거미속 81칠보잎거미 33칠보잎거미속 33

ㅋ

콩두더지거미 38큰수염아폴로게거미 62

ㅌ

티끌거미 11

티끌거미과 10티끌거미속 11

ㅎ

한국농발거미 58한국창게거미 81환선굴뚝거미 30황금새우게거미 64황새우게거미 69흰새우게거미 67흰잎거미 49흰잎거미속 49흰테새우게거미 72


Index to Korean Names as Pronounced

A

A-gi-ip-geo-mi 42A-gi-seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi 19A-pol-lo-ge-geo-mi-sok 61

B Buk-bang-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 76Bun-seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi 18Byeol-nong-bal-geo-mi 59Byeol-nong-bal-geo-mi-sok 56

C

Chang-ge-geo-mi-sok 81Chil-bo-ip-geo-mi 33Chil-bo-ip-geo-mi-sok 33

D

Dae-ryuk-nap-geo-mi 14Dan-ji-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 75Du-deo-ji-geo-mi 35Du-deo-ji-geo-mi-sok 35Du-jeom-ga-jae-geo-mi 88

E

Eo-ri-jip-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 74Eol-ruk-i-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 72

G

Ga-jae-geo-mi-sok 87Gal-dae-ip-geo-mi 39Gal-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 79Geo-mi-gang 9Geo-mi-mok 9Geum-du-deo-ji-geo-mi 37

Geum-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 65Gim-hwa-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 70Gong-san-ma-reun-ip-geo-mi 47Gul-ip-geo-mi 33Gul-ip-geo-mi-sok 32Gul-ttuk-geo-mi-gwa 22Gul-ttuk-geo-mi-sok 25

H

Han-guk-chang-ge-geo-mi 81Han-guk-nong-bal-geo-mi 58Huin-ip-geo-mi 49Huin-ip-geo-mi-sok 49Huin-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 67Huin-te-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 72Hwang-geum-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 64Hwang-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 69Hwan-seon-gul-ttuk-geo-mi 30

I

I-seul-geo-mi 54I-seul-geo-mi-sok 54Il-bon-chang-ge-geo-mi 84Ip-geo-mi 41Ip-geo-mi-gwa 31Ip-geo-mi-sok 39

J

Jaeng-gi-gul-ttuk-geo-mi 26Jeol-ji-dong-mul-mun 9Jung-guk-chang-ge-geo-mi 83

K

Keun-su-yeom-a-pol-ro-ge-geo-mi 62Kong-du-deo-ji-geo-mi 38


M

Ma-reun-ip-geo-mi 45Ma-reun-ip-geo-mi-sok 43Mo-san-gul-ttuk-geo-mi 27Mul-geo-mi 23Mul-geo-mi-sok 23

N

Na-mu-gyeol-sae-u-ge-geo-mi 78Nak-yeop-nong-bal-geo-mi 56Nam-nyeok-nap-geo-mi 13Nap-geo-mi 14Nap-geo-mi-sok 13Nat-pyo-seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi 20Neok-jeom-ga-jae-geo-mi 90Nong-bal-geo-mi 52Nong-bal-geo-mi-gwa 50Nong-bal-geo-mi-sok 52

S

Sae-u-ge-geo-mi-gwa 60

Sae-u-ge-geo-mi-sok 63Sam-gak-gul-ttuk-geo-mi 29Seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi-gwa 16Seu-ra-so-ni-geo-mi-sok 17Ssang-gal-kwi-ma-reun-ip-geo-mi 44Sul-byeong-chang-ge-geo-mi 86

T

Ti-kkeul-geo-mi 11Ti-kkl-geo-mi-gwa 10Ti-kkl-geo-mi-sok 11

W

Wang-gul-ttuk-geo-mi 26

Y

Yuk-nun-i-ma-reun-ip-geo-mi 46


A

Aaraneae 9Apollophanes 61 macropalpus 62Arachnida 9Argyroneta 23 aquatica 23Arthropoda 9

B

Blabomma 32 uenoi 33Brommella 33 punctosparsa 33

C

Cicurina 35 japonica 35 kimyongkii 37 phaselus 38Cybaeidae 22Cybaeus 25 aratrum 26 longus 26 mosanensis 27 triangulus 29 whanseunensis 30

D

Dictyna 39 arundinacea 39 felis 41 foliicola 42Dictynidae 31

H

Heteropoda 52 venatoria 52

L

Lathys 43 dihamata 44 maculosa 45 sexoculata 46 stigmatisata 47

M

Micrommata 54 virescens 54

O

Oecobiidae 10Oecobius 11 navus 11Oxyopes 17 koreanus 18 licenti 19 sertatus 20Oxyopidae 16

P

Philodromidae 60Philodromus 63 aureolus 64 auricomus 65 cespitum 67 emarginatus 69 lanchowensis 70

Index to Scientific Names


leucomarginatus 72 margaritatus 72 poecilus 74 pseudoexilis 75 rufus 76 spinitarsis 78 subaureolus 79

S

Sinopoda 56 forcipata 56 koreana 58 stellatops 59Sparassidae 50Sudesna 49 hedini 49

T

Thanatus 81 coreanus 81 miniaceus 83 nipponicus 84 vulgaris 86Tibellus 87 oblongus 88 tenellus 90

U

Uroctea 13 compactilis 13 lesserti 14 limbata 14


Seung-Tae Kim and Sue-Yeon Lee1

Konkuk University 1Seoul National University



Spiders II










Chlorococcales 1

Preface





Chlorococcales 1

Contents

List of Taxa 3

Introduction 5


Taxonomic Notes 9




Literature Cited 92

Plates 113




Chlorococcales 3

List of Taxa




























Chlorococcales 5

Introduction










AB

C


Leg I

Leg III

Eye

Tarsus

Anterior mddian eye

Labium Endite

Epigynum


Epigastricfurrow

Sternum

Spinneret

Anteriorlateral eye


Chelicera Fang

Epigastric plate

Femur

Leg II

Leg IV

Cervical furrow

Metatarsus

Trochanter

Palp

Carapace

Tibia

Fovea

Chelicera


Radial furrow

Patella

Coxa





Taxonomic Notes












A

B

C







webs Uroctea














A

B

C




















A

B

C






A

B

C





















A

BC

D









A

B

CD













(misidentified)










A

B

CD






A

B

CD









A

B

C



















A

B

C D















C mosanensis






Female Unknown


Fischer






Distribution Korea







Namkung 2003 p 368


A

B








A

B

CD







Distribution Korea

A

B

C








kung 2001 p 369 Namkung 2003 p 371


A

B

CD



















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown












A

B

C

D




















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown


A

B









A

B

















A

B

CD









A

B

CD























A

B

CD










A

B

CD



















(Fig 26C)

A

B




(Fig 26D)






A

B

C

DE









A

B

CD




















A

B







A

B

C D

DTA

VTA

E


























Mcheidze 1997 p 120


A B

C

DE

















39 Ono 2009 p 473 Kim 2009 p 238









A

B

CD





2003 p 500 Ono 2009 p 475



A

B

CD











A

B

CD


















A

B

C

D


DTARTA

VTA







A

B













A

B

CD





















A B

C

DE





grasslands












A

B

CD




















A

B

CD








A

B

CD

















A

B

CD






gion













A

B

CD


















A

B

CD


















A

B

CD







A

B

CD





and uplands














A

B

CD







A

B

CD


















A

B

CD















A

B

CD
















A

B

CD









A

B

CD










Literatures Cited







































pp 1-755








































Ind 13 339-434








































543 pp






























































































































































































































pp 1-640








































































pp

Plates 113

Plates



1 2

3 4

5 6

Plates 115

7 8

9 10

11 12


13 14

15 16

17 18


ㄱ


ㄴ


ㄷ


ㅁ



ㅂ


ㅅ


ㅇ


ㅈ





ㅊ


ㅋ


ㅌ

티끌거미 11


ㅎ




A



C


D


E


G



H


I


J


K



M


N


S



T


W


Y



A


B


C


D


H


L


M


O


P





S


T


U











Chlorococcales 1

Preface





Chlorococcales 1

Contents

List of Taxa 3

Introduction 5


Taxonomic Notes 9




Literature Cited 92

Plates 113




Chlorococcales 3

List of Taxa




























Chlorococcales 5

Introduction










AB

C


Leg I

Leg III

Eye

Tarsus

Anterior mddian eye

Labium Endite

Epigynum


Epigastricfurrow

Sternum

Spinneret

Anteriorlateral eye


Chelicera Fang

Epigastric plate

Femur

Leg II

Leg IV

Cervical furrow

Metatarsus

Trochanter

Palp

Carapace

Tibia

Fovea

Chelicera


Radial furrow

Patella

Coxa





Taxonomic Notes












A

B

C







webs Uroctea














A

B

C




















A

B

C






A

B

C





















A

BC

D









A

B

CD













(misidentified)










A

B

CD






A

B

CD









A

B

C



















A

B

C D















C mosanensis






Female Unknown


Fischer






Distribution Korea







Namkung 2003 p 368


A

B








A

B

CD







Distribution Korea

A

B

C








kung 2001 p 369 Namkung 2003 p 371


A

B

CD



















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown












A

B

C

D




















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown


A

B









A

B

















A

B

CD









A

B

CD























A

B

CD










A

B

CD



















(Fig 26C)

A

B




(Fig 26D)






A

B

C

DE









A

B

CD




















A

B







A

B

C D

DTA

VTA

E


























Mcheidze 1997 p 120


A B

C

DE

















39 Ono 2009 p 473 Kim 2009 p 238









A

B

CD





2003 p 500 Ono 2009 p 475



A

B

CD











A

B

CD


















A

B

C

D


DTARTA

VTA







A

B













A

B

CD





















A B

C

DE





grasslands












A

B

CD




















A

B

CD








A

B

CD

















A

B

CD






gion













A

B

CD


















A

B

CD


















A

B

CD







A

B

CD





and uplands














A

B

CD







A

B

CD


















A

B

CD















A

B

CD
















A

B

CD









A

B

CD










Literatures Cited







































pp 1-755








































Ind 13 339-434








































543 pp






























































































































































































































pp 1-640








































































pp

Plates 113

Plates



1 2

3 4

5 6

Plates 115

7 8

9 10

11 12


13 14

15 16

17 18


ㄱ


ㄴ


ㄷ


ㅁ



ㅂ


ㅅ


ㅇ


ㅈ





ㅊ


ㅋ


ㅌ

티끌거미 11


ㅎ




A



C


D


E


G



H


I


J


K



M


N


S



T


W


Y



A


B


C


D


H


L


M


O


P





S


T


U


Chlorococcales 1

Preface





Chlorococcales 1

Contents

List of Taxa 3

Introduction 5


Taxonomic Notes 9




Literature Cited 92

Plates 113




Chlorococcales 3

List of Taxa




























Chlorococcales 5

Introduction










AB

C


Leg I

Leg III

Eye

Tarsus

Anterior mddian eye

Labium Endite

Epigynum


Epigastricfurrow

Sternum

Spinneret

Anteriorlateral eye


Chelicera Fang

Epigastric plate

Femur

Leg II

Leg IV

Cervical furrow

Metatarsus

Trochanter

Palp

Carapace

Tibia

Fovea

Chelicera


Radial furrow

Patella

Coxa





Taxonomic Notes












A

B

C







webs Uroctea














A

B

C




















A

B

C






A

B

C





















A

BC

D









A

B

CD













(misidentified)










A

B

CD






A

B

CD









A

B

C



















A

B

C D















C mosanensis






Female Unknown


Fischer






Distribution Korea







Namkung 2003 p 368


A

B








A

B

CD







Distribution Korea

A

B

C








kung 2001 p 369 Namkung 2003 p 371


A

B

CD



















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown












A

B

C

D




















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown


A

B









A

B

















A

B

CD









A

B

CD























A

B

CD










A

B

CD



















(Fig 26C)

A

B




(Fig 26D)






A

B

C

DE









A

B

CD




















A

B







A

B

C D

DTA

VTA

E


























Mcheidze 1997 p 120


A B

C

DE

















39 Ono 2009 p 473 Kim 2009 p 238









A

B

CD





2003 p 500 Ono 2009 p 475



A

B

CD











A

B

CD


















A

B

C

D


DTARTA

VTA







A

B













A

B

CD





















A B

C

DE





grasslands












A

B

CD




















A

B

CD








A

B

CD

















A

B

CD






gion













A

B

CD


















A

B

CD


















A

B

CD







A

B

CD





and uplands














A

B

CD







A

B

CD


















A

B

CD















A

B

CD
















A

B

CD









A

B

CD










Literatures Cited







































pp 1-755








































Ind 13 339-434








































543 pp






























































































































































































































pp 1-640








































































pp

Plates 113

Plates



1 2

3 4

5 6

Plates 115

7 8

9 10

11 12


13 14

15 16

17 18


ㄱ


ㄴ


ㄷ


ㅁ



ㅂ


ㅅ


ㅇ


ㅈ





ㅊ


ㅋ


ㅌ

티끌거미 11


ㅎ




A



C


D


E


G



H


I


J


K



M


N


S



T


W


Y



A


B


C


D


H


L


M


O


P





S


T


U


Chlorococcales 1

Contents

List of Taxa 3

Introduction 5


Taxonomic Notes 9




Literature Cited 92

Plates 113




Chlorococcales 3

List of Taxa




























Chlorococcales 5

Introduction










AB

C


Leg I

Leg III

Eye

Tarsus

Anterior mddian eye

Labium Endite

Epigynum


Epigastricfurrow

Sternum

Spinneret

Anteriorlateral eye


Chelicera Fang

Epigastric plate

Femur

Leg II

Leg IV

Cervical furrow

Metatarsus

Trochanter

Palp

Carapace

Tibia

Fovea

Chelicera


Radial furrow

Patella

Coxa





Taxonomic Notes












A

B

C







webs Uroctea














A

B

C




















A

B

C






A

B

C





















A

BC

D









A

B

CD













(misidentified)










A

B

CD






A

B

CD









A

B

C



















A

B

C D















C mosanensis






Female Unknown


Fischer






Distribution Korea







Namkung 2003 p 368


A

B








A

B

CD







Distribution Korea

A

B

C








kung 2001 p 369 Namkung 2003 p 371


A

B

CD



















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown












A

B

C

D




















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown


A

B









A

B

















A

B

CD









A

B

CD























A

B

CD










A

B

CD



















(Fig 26C)

A

B




(Fig 26D)






A

B

C

DE









A

B

CD




















A

B







A

B

C D

DTA

VTA

E


























Mcheidze 1997 p 120


A B

C

DE

















39 Ono 2009 p 473 Kim 2009 p 238









A

B

CD





2003 p 500 Ono 2009 p 475



A

B

CD











A

B

CD


















A

B

C

D


DTARTA

VTA







A

B













A

B

CD





















A B

C

DE





grasslands












A

B

CD




















A

B

CD








A

B

CD

















A

B

CD






gion













A

B

CD


















A

B

CD


















A

B

CD







A

B

CD





and uplands














A

B

CD







A

B

CD


















A

B

CD















A

B

CD
















A

B

CD









A

B

CD










Literatures Cited







































pp 1-755








































Ind 13 339-434








































543 pp






























































































































































































































pp 1-640








































































pp

Plates 113

Plates



1 2

3 4

5 6

Plates 115

7 8

9 10

11 12


13 14

15 16

17 18


ㄱ


ㄴ


ㄷ


ㅁ



ㅂ


ㅅ


ㅇ


ㅈ





ㅊ


ㅋ


ㅌ

티끌거미 11


ㅎ




A



C


D


E


G



H


I


J


K



M


N


S



T


W


Y



A


B


C


D


H


L


M


O


P





S


T


U




Literature Cited 92

Plates 113




Chlorococcales 3

List of Taxa




























Chlorococcales 5

Introduction










AB

C


Leg I

Leg III

Eye

Tarsus

Anterior mddian eye

Labium Endite

Epigynum


Epigastricfurrow

Sternum

Spinneret

Anteriorlateral eye


Chelicera Fang

Epigastric plate

Femur

Leg II

Leg IV

Cervical furrow

Metatarsus

Trochanter

Palp

Carapace

Tibia

Fovea

Chelicera


Radial furrow

Patella

Coxa





Taxonomic Notes












A

B

C







webs Uroctea














A

B

C




















A

B

C






A

B

C





















A

BC

D









A

B

CD













(misidentified)










A

B

CD






A

B

CD









A

B

C



















A

B

C D















C mosanensis






Female Unknown


Fischer






Distribution Korea







Namkung 2003 p 368


A

B








A

B

CD







Distribution Korea

A

B

C








kung 2001 p 369 Namkung 2003 p 371


A

B

CD



















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown












A

B

C

D




















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown


A

B









A

B

















A

B

CD









A

B

CD























A

B

CD










A

B

CD



















(Fig 26C)

A

B




(Fig 26D)






A

B

C

DE









A

B

CD




















A

B







A

B

C D

DTA

VTA

E


























Mcheidze 1997 p 120


A B

C

DE

















39 Ono 2009 p 473 Kim 2009 p 238









A

B

CD





2003 p 500 Ono 2009 p 475



A

B

CD











A

B

CD


















A

B

C

D


DTARTA

VTA







A

B













A

B

CD





















A B

C

DE





grasslands












A

B

CD




















A

B

CD








A

B

CD

















A

B

CD






gion













A

B

CD


















A

B

CD


















A

B

CD







A

B

CD





and uplands














A

B

CD







A

B

CD


















A

B

CD















A

B

CD
















A

B

CD









A

B

CD










Literatures Cited







































pp 1-755








































Ind 13 339-434








































543 pp






























































































































































































































pp 1-640








































































pp

Plates 113

Plates



1 2

3 4

5 6

Plates 115

7 8

9 10

11 12


13 14

15 16

17 18


ㄱ


ㄴ


ㄷ


ㅁ



ㅂ


ㅅ


ㅇ


ㅈ





ㅊ


ㅋ


ㅌ

티끌거미 11


ㅎ




A



C


D


E


G



H


I


J


K



M


N


S



T


W


Y



A


B


C


D


H


L


M


O


P





S


T


U


Chlorococcales 3

List of Taxa




























Chlorococcales 5

Introduction










AB

C


Leg I

Leg III

Eye

Tarsus

Anterior mddian eye

Labium Endite

Epigynum


Epigastricfurrow

Sternum

Spinneret

Anteriorlateral eye


Chelicera Fang

Epigastric plate

Femur

Leg II

Leg IV

Cervical furrow

Metatarsus

Trochanter

Palp

Carapace

Tibia

Fovea

Chelicera


Radial furrow

Patella

Coxa





Taxonomic Notes












A

B

C







webs Uroctea














A

B

C




















A

B

C






A

B

C





















A

BC

D









A

B

CD













(misidentified)










A

B

CD






A

B

CD









A

B

C



















A

B

C D















C mosanensis






Female Unknown


Fischer






Distribution Korea







Namkung 2003 p 368


A

B








A

B

CD







Distribution Korea

A

B

C








kung 2001 p 369 Namkung 2003 p 371


A

B

CD



















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown












A

B

C

D




















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown


A

B









A

B

















A

B

CD









A

B

CD























A

B

CD










A

B

CD



















(Fig 26C)

A

B




(Fig 26D)






A

B

C

DE









A

B

CD




















A

B







A

B

C D

DTA

VTA

E


























Mcheidze 1997 p 120


A B

C

DE

















39 Ono 2009 p 473 Kim 2009 p 238









A

B

CD





2003 p 500 Ono 2009 p 475



A

B

CD











A

B

CD


















A

B

C

D


DTARTA

VTA







A

B













A

B

CD





















A B

C

DE





grasslands












A

B

CD




















A

B

CD








A

B

CD

















A

B

CD






gion













A

B

CD


















A

B

CD


















A

B

CD







A

B

CD





and uplands














A

B

CD







A

B

CD


















A

B

CD















A

B

CD
















A

B

CD









A

B

CD










Literatures Cited







































pp 1-755








































Ind 13 339-434








































543 pp






























































































































































































































pp 1-640








































































pp

Plates 113

Plates



1 2

3 4

5 6

Plates 115

7 8

9 10

11 12


13 14

15 16

17 18


ㄱ


ㄴ


ㄷ


ㅁ



ㅂ


ㅅ


ㅇ


ㅈ





ㅊ


ㅋ


ㅌ

티끌거미 11


ㅎ




A



C


D


E


G



H


I


J


K



M


N


S



T


W


Y



A


B


C


D


H


L


M


O


P





S


T


U














Chlorococcales 5

Introduction










AB

C


Leg I

Leg III

Eye

Tarsus

Anterior mddian eye

Labium Endite

Epigynum


Epigastricfurrow

Sternum

Spinneret

Anteriorlateral eye


Chelicera Fang

Epigastric plate

Femur

Leg II

Leg IV

Cervical furrow

Metatarsus

Trochanter

Palp

Carapace

Tibia

Fovea

Chelicera


Radial furrow

Patella

Coxa





Taxonomic Notes












A

B

C







webs Uroctea














A

B

C




















A

B

C






A

B

C





















A

BC

D









A

B

CD













(misidentified)










A

B

CD






A

B

CD









A

B

C



















A

B

C D















C mosanensis






Female Unknown


Fischer






Distribution Korea







Namkung 2003 p 368


A

B








A

B

CD







Distribution Korea

A

B

C








kung 2001 p 369 Namkung 2003 p 371


A

B

CD



















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown












A

B

C

D




















A

B

C

D






Male Unknown


A

B









A

B

















A

B

CD









A

B

CD























A

B

CD










A

B

CD



















(Fig 26C)

A

B




(Fig 26D)






A

B

C

DE









A

B

CD




















A

B







A

B

C D

DTA

VTA

E


























Mcheidze 1997 p 120


A B

C

DE

















39 Ono 2009 p 473 Kim 2009 p 238









A

B

CD





2003 p 500 Ono 2009 p 475



A

B

CD











A

B

CD


















A

B

C

D


DTARTA

VTA







A

B













A

B

CD





















A B

C

DE





grasslands












A

B

CD




















A

B

CD








A

B

CD

















A

B

CD






gion













A

B

CD


















A

B

CD


















A

B

CD







A

B

CD





and uplands














A

B

CD







A

B

CD


















A

B

CD















A

B

CD
















A

B

CD









A

B

CD










Literatures Cited







































pp 1-755








































Ind 13 339-434








































543 pp






























































































































































































































pp 1-640








































































pp

Plates 113

Plates



1 2

3 4

5 6

Plates 115

7 8

9 10

11 12


13 14

15 16

17 18


ㄱ


ㄴ


ㄷ


ㅁ



ㅂ


ㅅ


ㅇ


ㅈ





ㅊ


ㅋ


ㅌ

티끌거미 11


ㅎ




A



C


D


E


G



H


I


J


K



M


N


S



T


W


Y



A


B


C


D


H


L


M


O


P





S


T


U


Documents

Volume 21, Number 42