Volume 2, July 2016

Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability is an official publication of the International Society for Energy, Environment andSustainability (www.iitk.ac.in/isees/index.htm) dedicated to the areas of conventional and renewable energy that are relevant f orenvironmental sustainability. The journal publishes two issues in a year and offers a platform for high-quality research in theinterdisciplinary areas of energy and environmental science and engineering.

About the journalThe journal publishes original articles and reviews on the topics relevant to its scope. The aim of the journal is to advance a nddisseminate knowledge in the relevant areas of energy and environmental sustainability. The topics covered by the journal inclu debiofuels, energy storage system, fuels cells, solar energy, thermo-chemical conversion of biomass and transportation, etc. For detailedsubject classification/topics to know the scope, please ref er guide for authors and subject classification.

Editorial board

Editor-in-ChiefProf Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

Honorary Executive AdviserProf Ashok Pandey, Center of Innovative And Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India

EditorsProf. Ajay Agarwal, University of Alabama, USADr Atul Dhar, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, IndiaProf Chang Sik Lee, Hanyang University, Seoul, South KoreaProf. Franz Winter, Technical University, Vienna, Austria

Associate EditorsDr Thallada Bhaskar, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, IndiaDr Santanu De, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, IndiaProf Bhola R Gurjar, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, IndiaDr Somrat Kerdsuwan, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, ThailandProf. Abhijit Kushari, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, IndiaProf. Achintya Mukhopadhyay, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaProf. Ernst Wintner, Vienna University of Technology, Austria

MembersDr. Amit Agarwal, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaProf. Vaibhav Arghode, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, IndiaProf. C S Bae, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South KoreaDr. Sanjay Bajpai, Department of Science And Technology. Govt of India, New Delhi, IndiaProf Guillermo R Castro, National University of La Plata, ArgentinaDr. Swetaprovo Chaudhuri, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaDr. Steve Ciatti, Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, USAProf. L M Das, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, IndiaDr. Amitava Datta, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaDr. R P Gakhar, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, IndiaProf Guocheng Du, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaProf. V Ganesan, Indian Institute of Technology Chennai, IndiaDr Aniruddha Gautam, Railway Divisional Superintendent Office, Lucknow, IndiaProf Edgard Gnansounou, Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne, SwitzerlandProf A. B. Gupta, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IndiaProf Samir Khanal, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USAProf Akihiko Kondo, Kobe University, JapanDr Sunil Kumar, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, IndiaDr. Nitin Labhsetwar, CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, IndiaProf Christian Larroche, Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand, FranceProf Duu Jong Lee, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanProf Jin-suk Lee, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, South KoreaProf. Assaad Masri, University of Sydney, AustraliaDr S Venkata Mohan, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, IndiaProf Vijayanand S Moholkar, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, IndiaProf Hao Huu Ngo, University of Technology, Sydney, AustraliaDr Deepak Pant, Vito, Mol, BelgiumProf. William Roberts, King Abdullah University of Science And Technology, Saudi ArabiaProf Maria Angeles Sanroman, University of Vigo, Vigo, SpainProf Gerardo Saucedo-castaneda, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa, MexicoDr Mani Sarathy, King Abdullah University of Science And Technology, Saudi ArabiaDr Akhilendra Pratap Singh, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, IndiaDr Reeta Singhania, DBT-IOC Center For Advanced Bio-energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation, Faridabad, IndiaProf Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, BrazilDr Sibendu Som, Argonne National Lab, USAProf S. L. Soni, Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IndiaDr. Dhananjay Srivastava, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, IndiaDr Rajeev Kumar Sukumaran, Prof Mohammad Taherzadeh, University of Boras, Boras, SwedenProf Jose Teixeira, University of Minho, PortugalProf. Nachiketa Tiwari, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, IndiaProf Jonathan WC Wong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong KongProf Yonghong Wu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Sciences, Nanjing, ChinaDr Yh Taufiq Yap, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, MalaysiaDr Sunita Varjani, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India

Technical EditorDr. Parameswaran Bino!d, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India

Printed atMark Offset Press, Trivandrum, Phone : 0471-2400832, E-mail : marktvm@hotmail.com

CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India

JOURNAL OF ENERGY

AND ENVIRONMENTAL

SUSTAINABILITY

Volume 2 2016

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Prof. Avinash Kumar Agarwal

HONORARY EXECUTIVE ADVISER

Prof. Ashok Pandey

EDITORS� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � ! � � � " � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � # � � � �� � � � � $ � � � % & � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ' � � � � � � � � � � � � �

International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability

78