“We’ve got to get out there and mix it up,”Secretary of Energy Hazel O’Leary told an audi-ence of 800 in Fermilab’s Ramsey Auditorium.She urged her listeners, assembled for theopening session of the Fermilab users’ annualmeeting, to join her and others in theDepartment of Energy “to articulate to theAmerican people and to Congress why what youdo is so important—why our nation benefits frombasic research.”

O’Leary was the keynote speaker at theannual gathering of physicists held June 3 and 4.More than 2,200 scientists—or users—fromnearly 200 institutions use Fermilab’s facilities toconduct high-energy physics research and expandthe world’s knowledge of the fundamental con-stituents of nature. Scientists come to Fermilabfrom more than 100 U.S. universities and institu-tions in 36 states and 86 institutions in 20 foreigncountries. They meet each year to discuss scienceachievements and plans for the future.

Volume 19 Friday, June 14, 1996 Number 12

O’Leary Urges Passion in Support of Basic Research

INSIDE2 The Final Countdown

5 Cost Awarenessthe VIP Way

6 PET Project

11 Graduate Student Conference

f

Addressing an audience that includedFermilab users and congressional aides,the Secretary of Energy challenged scientists to take the lead in explainingthe value of research to the Americanpeople. Other speakers at the annualusers’ meeting detailed physics accomplishments and future plans in a time of shrinking federal budgets.

continued on page 8

Secretary of EnergyHazel O’Leary speaks atthe users’ meeting inFermilab’s Ramsey Auditorium.

Mason Wiggins (right), aide to the BasicResearch Subcommittee of the HouseScience Committee, talks with Fermilabphysicist Jeff Appel in the New MuonLab. On the floor behind them are MainInjector magnets.

by Leila Belkora, Eric Berger, Judy Jackson and Donald Sena, Office of Public Affairs

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In two weeks, Fermilab will begin fixed-target operations. The Accelerator Division hasalready delivered high-energy protons from theTevatron to the Switchyard, where the beamsplits. On July 1, when protons course alongthe beamlines to the targets, experimenters willbe ready: downstream, detectors will monitor acascade of secondary particles, and data acquisi-tion systems will race to keep up with the flowof data. Earlier stories in this series describedfixed-target preparations for the Accelerator,Computing, and Research Divisions, and theFacilities Engineering Services and PhysicsSections. For this issue, members of the

Environmental Safetyand Health Section andBusiness ServicesSection reported ontheir activities.

Don Cossairt, asso-ciate head of the ES&HSection, said the radia-tion protection groupshave been workingbusily to get ready.“First,” he said, “we’vebeen conductingreviews of the radiationshielding assessment.”The assessments verifythat there is enough soilor rock around buriedbeamlines to preventharmful radiation fromreaching the surface.For surveying the site,ES&H employs a 4-wheel drive vehiclenamed “MERL,”equipped with radiationsensors.

Cossairt said the sec-tion is also simplifyingradioactive sources.“The fixed-target experiments use moresources than the colliderprogram,” he said. Toensure that experi-menters know safetyprecautions relating to

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by Leila Belkora, Eric Berger, Judy Jackson and Donald Sena, Office of Public Affairs

The Final CountdownGETTING READY TO RUN

Third in a series of stories on preparations for the July 1 start of fixed-target operations

sources and beams, ES&H and the ResearchDivision have planned new training programs.The section supplies and maintains radiationsafety instrumentation.

“ES&H constructed 50 new instruments,”said Cossairt. ES&H members are calibratingthese “chipmunks”—as the monitors are called,for reasons that are lost in Fermilab history—atSite 38. “They’re rolling off the end of theassembly line as we speak.”

In Business Services things are hopping, aswell, said Dave Carlson, deputy head. “Summerprocurement activity is enhanced by the fixed-target startup; it’s sort of a compound effect,”said Carlson. Business Services handles about23,000 requisitions a year.

“Business Services in general is excited to be able to help in getting ready to run,” he said.

Besides increasing working hours in thereceiving, stockroom, property, and distributioncenters, and bumping up taxi service to at leastthree vans, the section is making procurementsmoother. “We increased the short-order limitto $250,” said Carlson, “and also started usingprocurement cards, on May 15th. Each divisionand section participates; there are 29 card-holders at the moment.”

As the fixed-target experimental halls fill upwith equipment, Business Services drivers havebeen busy transporting components around thelab. “For example,” says Carlson, “drivers carrystuff to KTeV from the Village” or from thestaging area at the New Muon Lab.

“It’s been a long time since we ran fixed-target experiments,” mused Carlson, who hasbeen at Fermilab 18 years. “We’ll see if our sta-tistics bear out. Last time we transported about3000 cylinders of gas per month. It’ll be inter-esting to see how this fixed-target run is thesame or different.”

From Fermilab Director John Peoples’viewpoint, the upcoming fixed-target run is dif-ferent in that it will use more resources of theResearch Division and Physics Section. “Thistime...the experiments are actually more expan-sive and complicated,” he said. “Every one ofthe gas systems is more complex than what theexperimenters put together [last time], letting abottle of this stuff flow into that thing,” hecontinues, alluding to the old gas setup.

Joe Lach prepares thehyperon channel for use n E781.

o peeking at your neighbor’snswer! KTeV experimentersake a radiation safety test.

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“What’s been replaced has been modularized,but it’s better.” Data acquisition is also moreelaborate in this run; for example, he says,“Experiment 831 will take 20 times the data atfive times the rate, and KTeV is in a class byitself as far as complexity… Every experimenthas more channels.”

Peoples summarizes the director’s role inpreparing for the run: “My job is to set the pri-orities of the lab, to make sure this run is suc-cessful and that the resources go to the fixed-target experiments, and that the quality of thephysics meets my expectations.”

E871, HyperCP ExperimentCP violation has only been observed in the

kaon system. KTeV, a fixed-target experimentset to begin this summer, will continue a longline of kaon experiments. Another fixed-targetstudy, E871, will attempt to observe CP viola-

tion using decays outside the kaon world.Experimenters will study the decay of thelambda hyperon and the cascade particle (orXi), and their antimatter counterparts.

Craig Dukes, professor at the University ofVirginia and cospokesman for E871, saidresearchers are looking for any difference in thedecays of the particles and their antiparticles,evidence for CP violation. He added that anyobserved difference in the lambda hyperondecay and the decay of its antiparticle would beprofound on two levels, signifying CP violation

outside of the kaon system and offering evi-dence for “direct” CP violation. Dukes said theStandard Model predicts that CP violation ispresent, but the magnitude of the phenomenonis uncertain. He said if CP violation is presentbut unexpectedly small, experimenters may notsee it.

E871 collaborators are building customelectronics to keep pace with the staggeringnumber of events—about 100,000 persecond—that will occur in the detector.

Dukes said his team is “working furiously.”As one of the last proposals approved, E871has had to wait for necessary resources. On arecent tour of the experimental hall, collabora-tors were testing electronics and workers werepulling cable. Dukes said he hopes to be takingbeam by August.

E781, Segmented Large Xbaryon Spectrometer

Simply put, E781 aims for charm.“We’re looking for charm in general, and

baryons in particular,” said E781 spokesmanJames Russ. “We expect to increase the presentworld sample of charm baryons by 10 to10,000.” The 110 experimenters from ninecountries will use a hyperon beam to enhancethe production of charm-strange particles.

E781’s detector system can differentiatebetween pions and kaons up to an energy of250 GeV, an accuracy that Russ describes aspotentially a “world record.” The extensivesystem, one component of which containsabout 60,000 active strips of silicon, will pin-point the decays of the specific particles theexperimenters are seeking.

“There is a lot of action in these systems sowe can really make sure we’ve got a baryon,and not a meson,” he said.

The experiment has the potential toaddress three areas of particle-physics theory:weak-decay physics, spectroscopy of excitedstates and charm-production physics. The lastintrigues Russ most. Charm quarks have manydifferent colors — the property that allowsquarks to arrange themselves in a way thatseems to violate the Pauli Principle — but b quarks have only three colors. No experimentto date has been able to explain this incongruity.

“The biggest challenge of this experimentis to understand ‘color bleaching,’” Russ said.“Whatever happens, we hope to understandthis puzzle.”

Kris Wieczorek (on top), Abhishek Tandon andBetsiada Bedialla, E871 collaborators, work toset up their experiment, the search for CP violation outside the kaon world.

Tom Golaszewski (left),senior technician, insertsa “chipmunk” radiationmonitor into an oven fortesting at the calibrationlab in Site 38. JohnLarson (center), engi-neering associate andFred Krueger, technicalspecialist, look on.

continued on page 4

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E831, FOCUSLike submariners who go from looking

through a periscope to standing atop the sub’sdeck, FOCUS experimenters will have a widerfield of view when they capture one millionfully-reconstructed charm particles during theupcoming fixed-target run.

E831 will use a similar spectrometer to the one used in its parent experiment, E687,which carried out detailed studies of the decay channels of charm mesons and baryons.Experimenters will boost their yield of charmparticles by a factor of 10 by using a more effi-cient detector and increased beam intensity.Because much of the experimental apparatus isalready in place from the E687 run, experimentspokesman John Cumalat said the experiment is in good shape.

But at an experiment-wide meeting of theE831 collaborators on May 31, tension was evident. The beam was imminent, yet there waswork to be done. Nevertheless, despite the soft-ware and hardware work left to do, includingwaiting for undelivered silicon planes for thedetector, experimenters expect to take usefuldata when the beam arrives.

By producing many decay channels of thebaryons and mesons, Cumalat said the sheernumber of events produced will give experi-menters good looks at some of the more inter-esting decay channels. He believes the volumeand quality of data collected will be unique forat least 10 years.

E835, Charmonium StatesIn E835, scientists will attempt to produce

new states of charmonium, a form of mattercontaining charm and anticharm quarks.

Collaborators, led by spokeswomenRosanna Cester of the University of Torino inItaly, will force protons to collide with antipro-tons at a 90 degree angle in the AntiprotonAccumulator. By precisely tuning theantiproton beam’s energy the experimenterswill get charmonium in a small fraction of theinteractions. The scientists will look for high-energy electrons and positrons, signaling char-monium decay.

Experimenters plan to study charmoniumto learn more about the strong interactionsbetween the quarks. Fermilab physicist StephenPordes said previous similar experiments usedelectron–positron collisions, but such collisionscan produce only a few charmonium states.Proton-antiproton collisions can produce amuch wider array.

Pordes says the experiment, a U.S.–Italycollaboration, should be ready to take data bymid-July. The inner part of the apparatus contains a series of concentric detectors, all

installed. Experimenters have also built the maindetector to measure the electrons and positrons,and expect to mate the two parts soon.

E866The significance of E866, says Fermilab

physicist Chuck Brown, is that “the ratio of thedimuon yields from the liquid hydrogen anddeuterium is very sensitive to any asymmetrybetween the distribution of anti-up and anti-down quarks in the nucleon. There is circum-stantial evidence that such an asymmetry existsat approximately a 10 percent level. Our mea-surement should provide a detailed and accu-rate measurement of the asymmetry.”

For the upcoming fixed-target run, E866collaborators have been upgrading drift cham-bers and the VME-based data acquisitionsystem. “The chambers were built at LosAlamos,” says Brown, “and have been installedin the last few months.” On a tour of theMeson East building, Brown points out someof the unique features of the experiment, a con-tinuation of measurements made for E605 andE772 in the 1980s and E789 in the last fixed-target run. One of the magnets is “big enoughyou can have a square dance in it,” says Brown,pointing out the cavernous interior.

Aside from the drift chambers, “Much ofthe equipment remains from the previousexperiments,” says Brown. “This PDP-11 computer did experiments before it came toFermilab in 1970.” ■

Paolo Rumerio of theUniversity of Torino in Italyworking to get E835 readyfor its summer run.

Vassilios Papavassiliou, ofNew Mexico State University,checks the liquidhydrogen/liquid deuteriumtarget in Lab 8.

815

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781

871

866

862

835

New Muon Lab

Wilson Hall

799

832KTeV

Antiproton Ring

Tevatron

The FinalCountdown

continued from page 3

N

by Donald Sena, Office of Public Affairs

A cost-awareness program, begun by the Facilities Engineering ServicesSection at the start of fiscal 1996, hasyielded more than $200,000 in savingsin eight months, on the way to the sec-tion’s goal of saving at least $355,000,or three percent of its budget, by theend of the fiscal year.

FESS Section Head David Nevinsaid the reduced federal budgets forhigh-energy physics research providedthe impetus for the program. The FESSallocation for fiscal 1996 amounted to$11.18 million, or only .05 percentmore than the previous year—an amountthat didn’t keep pace with inflation, cal-culated at about three percent annually.Nevin and Victor Kuchler, deputy headof FESS, said they are confident thattheir team will save at least the three percent, and maybe more.

According to FESS leaders, theValue Improvement Program has a well-chosen name. It is a cost-controlling pro-gram, but Nevin said the term “cost

controlling” usually stereotypes ideas ascuts in both cost and quality.

“It is never said, but it’s somehowimplied that we are talking about doingthings cheaper,” said Nevin. “But that’snot the intent. What we want to do isget more bang for every buck. So, thename ‘value’ implies that we are gettingmore value...for the dollars.”

Kuchler said FESS managersdesigned the program to involve all 157people in his section. Nevin added thatmanagers are often the people who feelthe most responsibility to keep costsunder control. Calling it a “bottom-up”initiative, Nevin said VIP aims to givethe people in the trenches the opportu-nity to address concerns about spendingin the same manner as managers.According to Nevin, this is where realsavings will occur, because those front-line employees make the critical decisionsabout resources.

The ProcessWhen an employee identifies a way

to save money, the first step is to fill outa VIP reporting form. The formdescribes the idea, estimates a cost sav-ings and details the impact on work inthat area. The initiator of the idea alsomust also identify any up-front costs,because long-term savings often requireshort-term outlays. Each FESS groupalso has a VIP coordinator, who assigns afacilitator to help implement each idea.Monthly, during the FESS self-assess-

ment meeting, each group dedicates aportion of time to VIPs.

The Progress BoardThe first ideas that FESS employees

identified and implemented resulted inwhat Nevin described as obvious savings.Nevertheless, he said, they were impor-tant because most of the initial ideassaved a large amount of money and gotVIP off to a solid start, establishing itscredibility as a legitimate cost awarenessventure and not just another exercise inbureaucracy.

The early ideas were “the low-hanging fruit—the stuff that was reallyobvious—but it got the juices flowing,”said Nevin.

For instance, the use of upgradedlaser equipment for shaft coupling align-ment reduces the amperage on a motorby about three percent, and saves about$60,000 over the fiscal year. GregGilbert and Chip Kee, both of FESSOperations, proposed the idea.

In another FESS area, at the sugges-tion of Joe Pathiyil, employees elimi-nated PCB-contaminated oil in 12 trans-formers, reducing the inspection time forthose transformers by 96 hours per yearfor an expected savings of $30,000. Inall, the section has implemented 11ideas, and is about to launch two more.

Nevin said the second wave of VIPprojects will yield smaller savings peridea, but will require more effort to find,showing that employees in the trenchesare actively looking for ways to savemoney. For example, John Kedzierski, ofFESS/Engineering, wants to do allretroactive billing electronically, resultingin less paperwork.

The FESS team has a unique way oftracking the program’s progress. Paperfish hang on a paper hook outsideNevin’s office in Wilson Hall with eachfish representing a VIP idea. When FESSemployees implement an idea thatachieves a savings, FESS managers movethe fish from the hook to a stringer.Nevin said FESS leaders will count thesavings for each individual idea for onefiscal year before factoring it into nextyear’s budget, forcing the FESS team tofind new ways to add fish to their catch.

“We are going to keep this thingalive and...it is going to keep gener-ating...valuable ideas for some time tocome,” said Nevin. “It is becoming away of life.” ■

Cost Awareness the VIP WayFESS employees find ways to save

Victor Kuchler, of FESS, with the fish representing VIP projects, which have resulted inmore than $200,000 in savings this fiscal year.

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by Eric Berger, Office of Public Affairs

From May 29-31, a Department of Energy review of thePositron Emission Tomography Project took place at theFermilab campus. The Laboratory’s responsibility in the pro-ject is the development of a medical accelerator to generatethe helium particle beam to be used for research.

Though rigorous, a project review benefits both DOEand the experimenters. For DOE, it ensures that money iswell spent, and project leaders receive advice and action itemsfrom those who have experience completing projects. But aDOE project review is an exacting process. Itmay seem like part Spanish Inquisition, partIRS audit. A committee of DOE officials andscientific experts descend upon Fermilab anddemand answers to tough questions. For thoseanswering the questions, it can get rough.

“The review committee did what Iexpected,” said project manager RalphPasquinelli, who has been through many suchreviews. “Technically, the project is movingalong very well. They had very few findings ontechnical matters. On the managerial level, theywere expecting an organization of a huge pro-ject like the Main Injector. This project has a$10 million total cost.”

Since construction began in September1995 at Fermilab, the project has spentapproximately $3.4 million and will probablyspend a total of $5 million before the acceler-ator is moved to Louisiana. The review com-mittee expressed concerns about whether thework schedule for completing the accelerator is too ambitious for the allotted time, butPasquinelli said he is fairly sure it will be completed on schedule.

“I am still looking for Feb. 1 as the date to turn the machine over to the chemists,”Fermilab’s Pasquinelli said. “We plan on delivering the accelerator to Shreveport beforeChristmas.”

The Biomedical Research Institute, locatednear Shreveport, La., will house the accelerator.The 170,000 sq. ft. research laboratory stands next to theexisting Louisiana State University school of medicine. Theaccelerator will generate radionuclides by shooting a 10.5MeV beam of helium-3 into a target. The desired radionu-clides used for PET, fluorine-18, oxygen-15, carbon-11 andnitrogen-13, have half-lives of a few minutes or hours, andtherefore to be effective, production near their site of use isoptimal. Currently, researchers use cyclotrons for this process,but they are heavy and difficult to operate.

“The hope is that this machine will be lighter and willnot have as much induced radiation so it will provide the

DOE Finds Few Bonesto Pick with PET Project

basis for machines that are accessible to more hospitals,” said Fermilab Associate Director for Administration BruceChrisman, who attended the review meetings.

A Diverse CollaborationThe Department of Energy provided a $10 million

budget over three years to a collaboration including lead-partner Fermilab, the Biomedical Research Institute, theUniversity of Washington and Science ApplicationsInternational Corporation. Once the accelerator moves toLouisiana, Fermilab’s role in the project will shrink to over-

seeing the accelerator, Chrisman said.The University of Washington is a

member of the collaboration because of itshistory in PET research. PET plays a usefulrole in patient care, but its most importantfunction is advancing clinical research, saidKenneth Krohn, a University of Washingtonprofessor of radiology. While a MagneticResonance Imaging scan or an X-ray is adiagnostic tool, physicians use PET to deter-mine the most effective treatments forpatients and to evaluate the efficacy of treat-ments. Krohn, a leader in PET research, saidthe committee’s review was about what heexpected.

The final partner in the collaboration,SAIC, is a private research and engineeringcompany based in San Diego. Chrismandescribed the organization as a technologydevelopment, analysis and integration com-pany that does a considerable amount ofgovernment contract work.

Although the review committeeappeared to be giving the project a toughlook, Chrisman said the reviewers askedgood questions that would allowPasquinelli’s group to make improvementsto their machine. Review committee mem-bers agreed.

“When we come in here we concentrateon soft spots, and there is a tendency toforget that you’re really doing a good job,”

said DOE review committee leader David Sutter toPasquinelli and other project members in the close-out session. “We hope our comments will be useful.” ForPasquinelli there was little time for reflection before gettingback to work.

“We will be evaluating the comments this week and see ifit is possible to incorporate the suggestions,” Pasquinelli said,noting his project has limited funding and time to addresssome of the suggestions.

The DOE review committee scheduled another reviewfor the PET project in early October. ■

“When we come in

here we concentrate

on soft spots, and

there is a tendency to

forget that you’re

really doing a good

job,” said DOE review

committee leader

David Sutter to

Pasquinelli and other

project members in

the close-out session.

“We hope our com-

ments will be useful.”

Pictured from front ofline to back:

Stag Krivosheev(Russia),

Julia Novitski (Russia), Sonia Akopian

(Russia), Leonardo Santoro

(Brazil),Daniel Natella

(Italy), and Cottesong Park

(Korea), board the bus

for school.

International School Bus

Just past 8 a.m. children of visiting users of Fermilabwait to catch the West Chicago school bus.

A line of sleepy childrenboards the bus. At this

hour Wilson Hall comes to life.

A few moments later they’re on their way.

Photos by Reidar Hahn

O’Leary Urges Passion in Support of Basic Researchcontinued from page 1

O’Leary said those future plans will begreatly affected by the current funding climate.The Secretary’s remarks addressed shrinkingfederal budgets for fundamental research,including high-energy physics funded by theDepartment of Energy.

“We are under attack,” O’Leary declared,contrasting the current budget cycle with thoseof earlier years when “we just strolled in andasked for what was necessary.”

She cited studies showing that manyAmericans would prefer to devote federal fundsto keeping a national park from closing beforesupporting science research.

“Why is the basic science budget so low?”O’Leary asked. “Because our competitors’claims are easy to explain” to the public and toCongress, while the value of fundamental sci-ence research is harder to communicate to non-scientists. “That has become our challenge,”she continued. “The job of encouraging theAmerican public is not mine or theDepartment’s alone, but the job of every oneof you.”

Saying that science and technology are theheart and soul of the Department of Energy,the Secretary exhorted the audience of scien-tists to “become passionate supporters of sci-ence and technology, so that you can continueto answer the imponderable questions” of theuniverse.

In her speech, O’Leary also thankedFermilab Director John Peoples for his serviceto the scientific community, the Department ofEnergy and the nation in directing the termina-tion of the Superconducting Super Collider,while continuing his leadership of Fermilab.

Physics, Policy and FundsBefore O’Leary’s talk, the audience heard

various speakers describe Fermilab manage-ment, achievements at the nation’s premierhigh-energy physics laboratory, and gloomyfunding scenarios for science. UniversitiesResearch Association President Fred Bernthalpainted a vibrant picture of particle physicswhen he described the field’s vigor.

“When the top quark was discovered Ilooked out and saw a sea of young, bright andenergetic people,” he said. Bernthal added thathe believes this bodes well for the future of par-ticle physics research.

But Martha Krebs, director of the DOE’s

Office of Energy Research, sounded a cau-tionary note, reflecting upon some members’ ofthe U.S. House of Representatives attempt todismantle the Department of Energy, andpotential cuts in basic research funds. Krebs,whom Bernthal called a “devoted champion ofscience,” described the 104th Congress as achallenge, and lamented that many strong sup-porters of basic research such as Sen. MarkHatfield (R–OR) were leaving Washington. Butthe good news is Congress seems to recognize science as a necessary and fundamental base,she said.

Krebs, who donned a MINOS T-shirt insupport of the NuMI (Neutrinos at the MainInjector) project, gave her address under thebanner of “if we want to pull ahead, we have topull together.”

She recently visited Soudan, Minnesotawith Fermilab users, including Stan Wojcicki,spokesman for the long-baseline experiment ofNuMI, to learn about the neutrino oscillationexperiment planned for 1999.

Krebs discussed the importance of movingforward in three specific areas: forefrontphysics, including Fermilab’s Main Injector andNuMI, participation in the Large Hadron

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Director of EnergyResearch Martha Krebssurprised the crowd atthe annual users’meeting when shedonned a bright red T-shirt with the logofrom NuMI’S MINOScollaboration.

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Secretary of EnergyHazel O’Leary takesquestions from thepress following heraddress to Fermilab’sannual users’ meeting.

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Collider at CERN and the need to supportDOE’s fiscal 1997 budget request. During aquestion period, Krebs responded to queries,including whether she felt the current figuresproposed for the department’s budget weresubject to change.

“I believe right now the allocations aremechanical—they don’t have true reality,”Krebs answered. “But [the allocations] areindicative of a certain simplicity of whether or not science should be supported. This issueis not restricted to” one side of the aisle or the other.

Melissa Franklin, a professor at HarvardUniversity and a member of the CDF collabo-ration, asked if she could question FredBernthal and, when he returned to the podium,queried him about whether URA would bemore visible in the future. Bernthal said itwould, but pointed out the URA charter doesnot allow the organization to lobby.

DZero cospokesman Paul Grannis nextaddressed the swelling crowd in RamseyAuditorium on “Physics at Fermilab:Achievements on the Energy Frontier.”Grannis, of the State University of New York atStony Brook, recapped the most recent colliderrun and the discovery of the top quark anddescribed current work at the collider andfixed-target experiments.

Following O’Leary’s talk and a speech byBob Eisenstein, director of the National ScienceFoundation’s Division of Physics, and a lunchfor VIPs in the New Muon Laboratory in thefixed-target experimental area, the afternoon ofthe first day of the users’ meeting broke intotwo activities.

As Fermilab employees and users con-tinued to address more technical topics inphysics, a congressional aide, members of themedia and DOE officials toured Fermilabresearch areas, including the AcceleratorDivision’s Main Control Room, CDF and theKTeV experimental hall.

Mason Wiggins, a staff member of theBasic Research Subcommittee of the HouseScience Committee, said that he enjoyed get-ting in the trenches of physics research andthought his visit was invaluable for under-standing the work that goes on at Fermilab. Heechoed the concerns and calls to action otherspeakers had expressed throughout the day.Earlier, Michael Vernon, an aide to SenatorCarol Moseley-Braun (D–IL), also visited theCDF detector and KTeV, as well as listening tothe morning talks.

“The job of

encouraging

the American

public is not

mine or the

Department’s

alone, but the

job of every

one of you.”

~ Hazel O’Leary,Secretary of Energy

continued on page 10

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Head of Accelerator Operations Robert Maushows Mason Wiggins one of the terminals inthe Main Control Room. Mau said it takes fiveyears to train one of his operators.

CDF cospokesman Bill Carithers explains to thepress and DOE officials how experimenters usedthe detector to find the top quark.

Challenging Science AheadAs users came and went, numerous

Fermilab staff scientists and users took turns atthe podium to address specific physics issues,accomplishments and future plans.

Naomi Makins from Argonne NationalLab reviewed the possibilities for QCD mea-surements at two fixed-target experiments,NuSea and NuTeV. Users who were present ather talk now know that the “nu” in NuSeastands for “neutron,” while the same syllable inthe second experiment stands for “neutrino.”Her final transparency may have the distinctionof being the first sign of life from the fixed-target season: she showed the first data fromNuTeV, which is one of two experiments thatalready has beam from the Tevatron, the “TeV”in the experiment’s name.

On Tuesday morning, Steve Kent reviewedastrophysics at Fermilab, concentrating mainlyon the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Kentaddressed the question of why Fermilab isinvolved in the sky survey, noting that “astrophysics is continually butting intounknown areas of physics.”

SDSS will map areas around the north andsouth galactic poles, helping astrophysicistsanswer three fundamental questions about darkmatter: Where is it? How much is there? Whatis it? Kent ended with a brief overview of thePierre Auger project, which proposes to studyextremely high energy cosmic rays.

Director John Peoples concluded the two-day meeting by reiterating many of the viewsheard earlier in the conference. He said that allscientists must work hard to educate theAmerican people and Congress about theimportance of basic research in these times ofbudget constraints. The director said solidarityin the scientific community is of the utmostimportance, emphasizing that scientists mustsupport all research endeavors and not just spe-cific projects. Peoples added that he was opti-mistic about the physics of the future, sayingthere were many exciting questions waiting tobe answered.

“There’s really challenging, interesting sci-ence in front of us. We have to realize thatthere is not going to be an infinite amount ofmoney—we’re going to have to be reallycareful with our resources,” said Peoples. “Butdon’t lose faith—these are very interestingthings to work on.” ■

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The users’ meeting tourwas able to view CDF,which has rolled out ofits collision hall forupgrades.

Users’ Meetingcontinued from page 9

WednesdayLunch

June 19

Selection of Stuffed Vegetables

Chocolate Almond Moussewith Madeleines

Thursday DinnerJune 20

Smoked Salmon ToastVeal Saltimbocca

Bowtie Pasta with Summer Vegetables

Ricotta Cheesecake

Wednesday Lunch

June 26

Pita Stuffed with ChickenTropical Fruit

Thursday DinnerJune 27

Tomato with BasilGrilled Pork Tenderloin

with Madeira SauceBowtie Pasta

with VegetablesChocolate Cups

with Mousse

Lunch served from11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m.

$8/personDinner served at 7 p.m.

$20/person

For reservations call x4512Dietary RestrictionsContact Tita, x3524

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Because they feel there is little opportunityfor graduate students associated with Fermilabto present their work, Users’ ExecutiveCommittee members Janet Conrad and HeidiSchellman had the idea for a graduate studentconference. Agreeing, the Graduate StudentAssociation organized “New Perspectives ’96,”a conference where graduate students couldgive talks about their experiments.

New Perspectives ’96, held directly afterthis year’s annual users’ meeting, served manypurposes—including offering graduate students

L A B N O T E SCALENDARCHILDREN’S SWIMMING LESSONSFermilab offers children’s swim lessonsMonday, Wednesday, Friday. Beginners 10:45-11:30 a.m. Intermediate 10-10:45 a.m.Beginners must be 42" tall or five years old.Session I, June 10-July 12; Session II, July 15-August 16. Applications in theRecreation Office, WH15W. First come, first served.

OZONE ACTION DAYSSummer is here and along with all the

pleasant activities associated with the season,summer also brings the possibility of air pollu-tion and days when the ozone in the air canreach dangerous levels. Fermilab will again thisyear support the Partners for Clean Air coali-tion. The organizations that join this coalitionpledge to take steps to minimize ozone levels.There are 240 Illinois partners in the Clean Aircoalition. When the level of ozone in the air forthe following day is expected to exceed a specific threshold, an Ozone Action Day isdeclared. The EPA then notifies all coalition partners.

When an Ozone Action Day is declared,Fermilab will notify each division/section office,broadcast a message on Channel 13, and placesigns on Wilson Hall exits. Employees will beencouraged to carpool, bike or walk to work on the Ozone Action Day. The Laboratory willalso curtail site operations that may add to theozone level, such as mowing, structural paintingand deferrable auto/truck usage.

JUNE 22The Fermilab Art Serieshosts Leon Redbone, a unique and creativeentertainer, singer andguitarist. Redbone revivesand revitalizes America’smusical heritage from theturn of the centurythrough the 1940s,inspired by artists such asJelly Roll Morton, BlindBlake and Bing Crosby.Tickets $18. 8 p.m.,Ramsey Auditorium. Call (708) 840-ARTS for information and reservations.

an opportunity to talk about their work, andallowing them to meet with prospectiveemployers.

Twelve informational posters of the graduate students’ work were on displaythroughout the first week of June, with aformal poster session and reception on June 5.Thirty-three students spoke during the two-dayconference, which closed with an address fromNobel laureate Leon Lederman. Organizersbelieve the conference will become an annualevent as long as it attracts significant interest. ■

First Graduate Student Conference Held at Fermilab

“a bluesman who steppedout of a R. Crumb comic...old country blues, vintage jazz and antiqueschlocky pop...Redbonemakes it come alive convincingly.”

-San Francisco Chronicle

by Benn Tannenbaum, graduate student at Texas A&M University

JUNE 22 AND 23The Fermilab Barnstormers Radio ControlModel Club will host the 7th annual AnthonyFrelo Memorial Helicopter Fly-In. Everyone isinvited.

This is the second official BarnstormersSummer event, which includes two days ofmodel helicopter flying fun. Pilots of all skilllevels are encouraged to participate, with every-thing from trainers to scale models. Factoryrepresentatives will be on hand for demonstra-tions and advice on all aspects of the hobby.Guaranteed fun for all! Pilots must haveAssociation of Model Aeronautics license.Spectators are welcome and refreshments willbe available. For more information call JimZagel at x4076.

M I L E S T O N E SBORNEmily Ann Heflin, Saturday, May 18th at 7 a.m. toMartha (RD/ES&H) and Rick (BS/Dispatch) Heflin.

final form—his subcommittee’s bill until theAppropriations Committee adds more money.Meanwhile, the Senate has approved a budgetresolution that calls for $5 billion more in totaldomestic discretionary funding than the Houseversion, and House Appropriations ChairmanBob Livingston (R-LA) has said that he hopesto make more money available in the House forFY97 spending bills.

“High-energy physics is going to have todo its part in balancing the budget,” ProctorJones, minority clerk of the SenateSubcommittee on Energy and WaterDevelopment, told physicists in Washington lastweek. “But you won’t have to do more thanyour part.”

On June 7, the House and Senate andHouse conferees reached agreement on abudget resolution for the coming fiscal year.Both houses have scheduled votes on thebudget resolution this week. ■

The House of Representatives bill that willhelp determine FY1997 federal funding forDOE-supported high-energy physics laborato-ries, including Fermilab, reached a perilouspoint in its progress toward enactment lastweek. The House version of this year’s budgetresolution initially called for a $1.3 billion cutfrom the FY1996 allocation for Energy andWater Development, which funds DOE-sup-ported high-energy physics. The House-pro-posed cut would trim an estimated $20 to $30million from FY97 funding for high-energyphysics research and would severely affectFermilab.

However, protests from Energy and WaterDevelopment Subcommittee Chairman JohnMyers (R-IN), among others, may succeed inrestoring some of the funding. “We’re going tohave to see some relief at some point,” saidMyers, who will retire at the end of his currentterm. He has refused to mark up—or put into

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Published by the Fermilab Office of Public AffairsMS 206 P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510708-840-3351ferminews@ fnal.gov

Fermilab is operated by Universities Research Association, Inc.under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy.

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The deadline for theFriday, June 28 issue of FermiNews is Tuesday, June 18.

Please send your articlesubmissions, classifiedadvertisements and ideasto the Public AffairsOffice, MS 206 or Email: ferminews@fnal.gov

FermiNews welcomes letters from readers. Please include yourname and daytimephone number.

C L A S S I F I E D S

I am not in the habit of writing letters to theeditor but I am choosing to do so in the sorrow ofseeing the diminished coverage given to employeeswith plus or minus 25 years of service at their retire-ment. I believe that the original idea of theFermiNews being an employee-oriented newsletterhas been disregarded in all of its entirety. The cov-erage given to the retired employees Byrd, Caffey,and Dewitt in the May 31 issue is almost embar-rassing since a reader can see that some of the forsale ads received as much if not more lineage, andwhole page was given over to a catfish and non-employee.

I realize the Lab has changed the value it putson its employees over the years as evidenced bythings such as the new FermiNews, but to see goodand faithful employees written off in such a cavaliermanner is insulting to my way of thinking.

There I feel better.

Bill ButlerFESS

Wow, the FermiNews is sure looking great these days!

Pat ColestockAccelerator Division

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Budget Update: The Struggle to Fund High-Energy Physicsby Judy Jackson, Office of Public Affairs