Volume 104, No. 1 http://www.usda.gov/oce/weather January 4, 2017

(Continued on page 3)

Contents

Extreme Maximum & Minimum Temperature Maps ....... 2 Temperature Departure Map .......................................... 3 December 27 Drought Monitor & U.S. Monthly Drought Outlook .................................. 4 National Weather Data for Selected Cities ..................... 5 National Agricultural Summary ....................................... 8 December State Agricultural Summaries ................... 9 International Weather and Crop Summary & December Temperature/Precipitation Table .......... 15 Bulletin Information & Snow Cover Map ....................... 26

WEEKLY WEATHER AND CROP BULLETIN

he week began with a blizzard in progress in the Dakotas and a wintry mix (rain, freezing rain, sleet,

and snow) occurring in the upper Midwest. Later, on December 29-30, heavy, wet snow blanketed parts of New England. Farther south, periodic rain continued to provide Southeastern drought relief. During the last week of 2016, some of the heaviest rain (locally 2 to 4 inches or more) fell across the central Gulf Coast region and the interior Southeast. In contrast, persistent dryness across portions of the southern Plains led to worsening

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURENational Agricultural Statistics Service and World Agricultural Outlook Board

HIGHLIGHTS December 25 – 31, 2016

Highlights provided by USDA/WAOB

2 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 3 (Continued from front cover) agricultural impacts, including low pond levels and poor rangeland, pasture and winter wheat conditions. Elsewhere, cool weather in the West was accompanied by several precipitation events. Cool, showery weather in the Northwest helped to boost high-elevation snowpack, while additional rain (and mountain snow) fell from southern California into the Southwest. Cold air trapped in the valleys of the northern Intermountain West held weekly temperatures as much as 10 to 15°F below normal, while readings averaged at least 10°F above normal from the eastern Plains into the Mississippi Valley. A blizzard unfolded on Christmas Day across the north-central U.S., with Bismarck, ND, reporting 12.5 inches of snow on December 25-26, along with a peak wind gust to 49 mph. During the same 2-day period, Rapid City, SD, received only 5.0 inches of snow, but clocked a wind gust to 58 mph. Farther east, significant rain was reported across parts of the upper Midwest. For the first time on record, Christmas thunder was noted in Sioux Falls, SD, and Sioux City, IA. Both locations also collected daily-record precipitation totals—1.23 inches in Sioux Falls and 1.09 inches in Sioux City. With a boost from the holiday storm, annual precipitation records were broken in locations such as Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN (40.32 inches; previously, 40.15 inches in 1911); Rhinelander, WI (42.96 inches; previously, 42.42 inches in 1911); and La Crosse, WI (44.76 inches; previously, 44.74 inches in 1881). Later, showers swept into the East and South, where Paducah, KY, tallied a daily-record rainfall (1.34 inches) for December 26. Toward week’s end, unsettled weather returned to parts of the West. In Bakersfield, CA, rainfall totaled 0.91 inch on December 30-31. Farther east, heavy rain erupted on New Year’s Eve along the Gulf Coast. Record-setting rainfall totals for December 31 included 3.50 inches in Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX; 3.20 inches in Baton Rouge, LA; and 2.30 inches in Hattiesburg, MS. With the year-end deluge, Baton Rouge clinched its wettest year on record, with 90.54 inches (previously, 88.32 inches in 1989). Warmth in advance of a cold front resulted in dozens of daily-record highs across the South and East from December 25-27. It was the warmest Christmas Day on record in many locations, with highs peaking at 88°F in Fort Myers, FL; 82°F in Montgomery, AL; 80°F in Dallas-Ft. Worth, TX; 76°F in Nashville, TN; 72°F in Joplin, MO, and Bowling Green, KY; 67°F in Wichita, KS; and 64°F in St. Louis, MO. A few of the same places also attained daily records the following day, December 26; highs climbed to 88°F (again) in Fort Myers, and 75°F in Bowling Green. Other daily-record highs for the 26th

included 84°F in Waco, TX; 76°F in Louisville, KY; 74°F in Huntington, WV; and 69°F in Columbus, OH. Later, lingering warmth was relegated to the Deep South, where Houston, TX, achieved highs of 80°F or greater on 5 consecutive days from December 24-28. Houston’s highest reading during the warm spell was a daily-record high of 84°F on December 26. Elsewhere in Texas, record-setting highs for December 28 included 89°F in McAllen; 85°F in Austin; 84°F in San Angelo; and 83°F in Dallas-Ft. Worth. In stark contrast, the first half of the week featured very cold weather across the West. In Oregon, Burns posted a daily-record low of -14°F on December 25. The following day in California, daily-record lows for the 26th were set in locations such as Red Bluff (26°F) and Eureka (29°F). Farther inland, Tonopah, NV (-2°F), also registered a daily-record low for December 26. And, Greybull, WY, began a long string of days with minimum temperatures of 0°F or below, starting on the 26th. Temperatures further rose in Alaska, averaging more than 20°F above normal in some western locations. On December 31, daily-record highs were established in locations such as King Salmon (46°F) and Kotzebue (37°F). Despite the mild conditions, a significant snow storm engulfed much of the mainland. From December 27-30, snowfall totaled 16.0 inches in Fairbanks and 8.2 inches in McGrath. The bulk of the snow—10.4 inches in Fairbanks and 6.2 inches in McGrath—fell on December 29. In western Alaska, weekly snowfall reached 11.8 inches in Kotzebue and 7.6 inches in Nome. Farther south, showers intensified across Hawaii’s western and central islands during the mid- to late-week period. Kahului, Maui, netted 2.57 inches of rain on December 30-31. Year-end showers became heavy in parts of windward Maui, with several locations reporting at least 4 inches in a 24-hour period on December 31 – January 1.

4 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

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The Drought Monitor focuses on broad-scale conditions. Local conditions may vary. See accompanying text summary for forecast statements.

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http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/

U.S. Drought Monitor December 27, 2016

Valid 7 a.m. EST

(Released Thursday, Dec. 29, 2016)

Intensity:D0 Abnormally DryD1 Moderate DroughtD2 Severe DroughtD3 Extreme DroughtD4 Exceptional Drought

Author: Brad Rippey

Drought Impact Types:

S = Short-Term, typically less than 6 months (e.g. agriculture, grasslands)

L = Long-Term, typically greater than 6 months (e.g. hydrology, ecology)

Delineates dominant impacts

U.S. Department of Agriculture

http://go.usa.gov/3eZGd

U.S. Monthly Drought Outlook

Author: Rich TinkerNOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center

Drought Tendency During the Valid Period Valid for January 2017 Released December 31, 2016

Depicts large-scale trends basedon subjectively derived probabilitiesguided by short- and long-range statistical and dynamical forecasts. Use caution for applications thatcan be affected by short lived events."Ongoing" drought areas are based on the U.S. Drought Monitorareas (intensities of D1 to D4).

NOTE: The tan areas imply at leasta 1-category improvement in theDrought Monitor intensity levels by the end of the period, although drought will remain. The green areas imply drought removal by the end of the period (D0 or none).

Drought persists

Drought remains but improves

Drought removal likely

Drought development likely

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 5

NUMBER OF DAYS

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AL BIRMINGHAM 66 46 78 34 56 12 0.51 -0.53 0.25 2.39 53 40.31 75 93 45 0 0 3 0HUNTSVILLE 65 43 77 32 54 13 1.57 0.34 0.62 5.91 106 44.43 77 93 49 0 1 4 1MOBILE 73 55 80 36 64 13 1.70 0.68 1.58 8.11 174 62.37 94 86 60 0 0 2 1MONTGOMERY 71 48 82 32 60 13 0.61 -0.41 0.60 4.12 83 41.64 76 84 42 0 2 2 1

AK ANCHORAGE 27 15 32 5 21 4 0.51 0.31 0.40 1.49 142 16.45 102 86 80 0 7 3 0BARROW 8 -6 26 -12 1 14 0.27 0.27 0.17 0.33 275 5.39 130 80 70 0 7 5 0FAIRBANKS 14 -6 35 -13 4 12 1.55 1.39 0.59 1.88 254 15.96 155 89 81 0 7 4 2JUNEAU 36 29 38 20 33 6 0.90 -0.32 0.38 6.78 125 63.97 110 92 83 0 4 6 0KODIAK 39 26 43 20 33 3 0.50 -1.33 0.46 4.12 54 81.98 109 85 65 0 6 3 0NOME 26 13 34 -13 19 12 0.64 0.45 0.41 1.09 108 16.06 97 88 80 0 7 5 0

AZ FLAGSTAFF 41 14 54 0 28 -1 8.18 7.77 7.85 11.98 655 33.35 146 96 55 0 7 3 1PHOENIX 66 46 77 38 56 3 0.21 -0.01 0.19 0.96 104 6.20 75 78 54 0 0 3 0PRESCOTT 48 25 60 14 37 1 0.48 0.20 0.39 2.67 209 17.51 91 96 53 0 6 3 0TUCSON 65 44 71 33 54 3 0.36 0.11 0.28 1.12 109 11.92 98 81 55 0 0 2 0

AR FORT SMITH 63 38 73 24 51 12 0.02 -0.57 0.02 0.78 23 31.22 71 81 34 0 3 1 0LITTLE ROCK 59 42 75 29 51 10 0.29 -0.59 0.13 4.40 93 56.13 110 94 51 0 1 4 0

CA BAKERSFIELD 56 38 66 34 47 1 0.86 0.67 0.44 2.36 311 7.08 109 85 69 0 0 2 0FRESNO 53 34 60 30 44 0 0.09 -0.26 0.09 2.51 187 13.64 121 89 79 0 4 1 0LOS ANGELES 68 50 80 45 59 2 0.28 -0.19 0.20 2.80 156 10.28 78 63 47 0 0 2 0REDDING 57 29 65 23 43 -2 0.00 -1.18 0.00 6.04 129 49.37 147 91 64 0 6 0 0SACRAMENTO 53 32 58 27 42 -3 0.01 -0.60 0.01 3.61 147 22.19 124 99 60 0 6 1 0SAN DIEGO 67 50 83 46 58 1 1.10 0.74 0.67 4.22 322 10.24 95 73 49 0 0 2 1SAN FRANCISCO 55 41 58 37 48 -1 0.00 -0.73 0.00 4.66 161 21.42 107 75 61 0 0 0 0STOCKTON 55 31 59 28 43 -1 0.09 -0.35 0.09 2.12 116 18.30 132 97 88 0 5 1 0

CO ALAMOSA 26 -9 33 -18 9 -6 0.31 0.25 0.20 1.08 327 9.18 127 82 66 0 7 2 0CO SPRINGS 48 20 63 15 34 6 0.26 0.17 0.26 0.69 164 15.57 90 75 17 0 7 1 0DENVER INTL 50 19 65 13 34 6 0.00 -0.06 0.00 0.78 252 12.57 92 70 30 0 6 0 0GRAND JUNCTION 39 21 44 18 30 4 0.01 -0.10 0.01 0.74 142 8.83 98 90 70 0 7 1 0PUEBLO 54 21 68 13 37 8 0.45 0.37 0.45 0.76 195 11.90 96 71 27 0 7 1 0

CT BRIDGEPORT 48 31 61 27 40 8 0.68 -0.12 0.66 3.37 97 39.34 89 75 51 0 5 2 1HARTFORD 44 25 56 18 35 7 0.49 -0.32 0.40 2.60 72 32.59 71 76 54 0 6 5 0

DC WASHINGTON 53 36 68 28 44 7 0.28 -0.42 0.28 2.70 89 31.80 81 84 50 0 2 1 0DE WILMINGTON 50 30 65 27 40 7 0.32 -0.45 0.28 2.60 76 40.98 96 88 48 0 6 2 0FL DAYTONA BEACH 76 54 82 37 65 6 0.06 -0.57 0.06 0.70 26 44.64 91 95 56 0 0 1 0

JACKSONVILLE 73 48 80 30 60 7 0.21 -0.43 0.15 2.29 87 38.52 74 97 54 0 2 2 0KEY WEST 80 70 83 63 75 4 1.16 0.66 1.14 1.74 81 37.35 96 94 58 0 0 2 1MIAMI 82 67 85 56 75 6 0.00 -0.43 0.00 2.33 107 65.94 113 77 51 0 0 0 0ORLANDO 79 57 84 41 68 6 0.06 -0.44 0.04 2.53 110 54.30 112 86 51 0 0 2 0PENSACOLA 70 59 76 43 64 11 0.03 -0.93 0.03 5.52 139 60.52 94 87 58 0 0 1 0TALLAHASSEE 73 49 82 31 61 9 0.16 -0.87 0.15 4.26 104 59.87 95 96 59 0 2 2 0TAMPA 79 60 86 43 70 8 0.02 -0.46 0.02 0.26 11 52.40 117 84 47 0 0 1 0WEST PALM BEACH 79 63 81 49 71 4 0.04 -0.57 0.03 3.47 111 51.07 83 80 61 0 0 2 0

GA ATHENS 62 42 75 29 52 9 0.42 -0.47 0.19 2.52 68 36.97 77 88 51 0 2 3 0ATLANTA 63 45 74 33 54 11 0.84 -0.03 0.64 3.06 80 38.75 77 81 55 0 0 3 1AUGUSTA 66 43 79 27 55 10 0.06 -0.77 0.05 4.44 141 38.29 86 85 49 0 2 2 0COLUMBUS 66 49 77 34 58 11 0.44 -0.54 0.21 4.44 101 36.22 75 92 48 0 0 4 0MACON 66 45 78 30 56 10 0.44 -0.50 0.32 5.98 152 33.72 75 93 44 0 2 3 0SAVANNAH 68 48 77 31 58 8 0.15 -0.60 0.15 4.23 151 55.38 112 89 57 0 1 1 0

HI HILO 77 65 79 64 71 -1 2.03 0.07 0.74 21.22 202 129.26 102 91 83 0 0 7 2HONOLULU 81 71 83 66 76 2 0.07 -0.59 0.05 0.83 29 13.14 72 73 62 0 0 2 0KAHULUI 79 70 82 67 74 1 2.45 1.67 1.49 6.50 211 18.78 100 82 73 0 0 3 2LIHUE 79 69 81 63 74 2 0.21 -0.86 0.16 1.19 25 13.43 34 81 68 0 0 4 0

ID BOISE 25 8 34 2 17 -12 0.03 -0.25 0.03 2.03 147 8.72 71 86 75 0 7 1 0LEWISTON 37 25 45 18 31 -2 0.27 0.05 0.26 1.59 151 15.07 118 80 68 0 7 2 0POCATELLO 24 4 31 -5 14 -10 0.26 0.02 0.25 6.95 632 19.99 159 89 80 0 7 2 0

IL CHICAGO/O'HARE 40 25 54 19 32 8 0.32 -0.13 0.23 1.76 72 35.95 99 87 65 0 7 2 0MOLINE 46 26 56 19 36 13 0.45 0.02 0.27 1.44 65 36.29 95 76 57 0 6 2 0PEORIA 45 28 57 20 37 12 0.51 0.09 0.44 1.15 48 37.17 103 83 55 0 5 2 0ROCKFORD 39 24 48 19 32 11 0.29 -0.08 0.16 1.88 91 35.66 97 85 66 0 7 2 0SPRINGFIELD 49 30 62 23 39 12 0.26 -0.22 0.22 0.91 36 42.78 120 85 55 0 4 2 0

IN EVANSVILLE 52 36 68 26 44 11 1.06 0.39 0.98 3.93 111 49.59 112 80 59 0 3 3 1FORT WAYNE 42 29 60 23 36 10 0.88 0.34 0.76 2.31 83 37.37 102 84 64 0 5 3 1INDIANAPOLIS 47 31 66 24 39 11 0.11 -0.48 0.06 1.55 51 45.96 112 84 56 0 5 3 0SOUTH BEND 39 27 53 21 33 7 0.46 -0.14 0.17 2.24 72 46.85 118 85 68 0 7 4 0

IA BURLINGTON 45 28 56 20 36 11 0.12 -0.25 0.12 0.78 37 32.39 85 87 57 0 5 1 0CEDAR RAPIDS 40 23 47 14 32 12 0.05 -0.20 0.04 0.75 51 43.19 129 95 65 0 7 2 0DES MOINES 46 27 53 21 37 15 0.53 0.29 0.53 1.43 108 34.55 100 75 55 0 6 1 1DUBUQUE 34 22 41 14 28 9 0.27 -0.02 0.19 1.44 85 40.88 115 88 74 0 7 2 0SIOUX CITY 42 24 49 18 33 14 1.09 0.98 1.09 1.48 224 32.24 124 78 54 0 6 1 1WATERLOO 38 24 43 16 31 13 0.50 0.33 0.50 1.88 169 41.79 126 78 67 0 6 1 1

KS CONCORDIA 49 27 64 24 38 10 0.33 0.16 0.33 0.94 109 30.72 108 77 49 0 6 1 0DODGE CITY 57 27 64 17 42 11 0.20 0.06 0.20 0.62 81 23.40 105 79 23 0 5 1 0GOODLAND 50 18 67 11 34 6 0.36 0.28 0.36 0.60 150 17.38 88 79 49 0 7 1 0TOPEKA 54 26 68 20 40 11 0.21 -0.04 0.21 1.09 77 43.27 121 80 43 0 6 1 0

Based on 1971-2000 normals *** Not Available

TEMP. ˚F

National Weather Data for Selected CitiesWeather Data for the Week Ending December 31, 2016

Data Provided by Climate Prediction Center

PRECIPSTATES

AND STATIONS

RELATIVE HUMIDITY PERCENT

TEMPERATURE ˚F PRECIPITATION

6 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

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WICHITA 55 28 67 19 42 11 0.13 -0.13 0.13 0.67 50 50.61 167 78 36 0 6 1 0

KY JACKSON 54 36 70 28 45 10 1.52 0.65 0.63 6.17 144 52.91 107 91 49 0 4 6 2LEXINGTON 53 36 74 24 45 11 1.47 0.61 1.09 6.18 153 45.03 98 82 54 0 4 4 1LOUISVILLE 54 38 76 28 46 11 0.64 -0.12 0.48 5.31 144 43.56 98 77 44 0 2 3 0PADUCAH 56 37 71 26 47 13 1.63 0.81 1.34 6.01 137 53.49 109 84 45 0 3 4 1

LA BATON ROUGE 72 57 82 40 65 14 3.28 2.07 3.20 9.81 187 89.71 142 95 52 0 0 4 1LAKE CHARLES 72 59 81 43 65 13 3.21 2.13 3.21 12.12 263 75.94 133 94 63 0 0 1 1NEW ORLEANS 73 60 80 49 66 13 2.50 1.44 2.48 7.79 154 70.65 110 92 70 0 0 3 1SHREVEPORT 71 53 83 34 62 15 0.24 -0.75 0.21 3.17 70 59.04 115 91 55 0 0 2 0

ME CARIBOU 30 11 41 -2 20 7 1.92 1.20 0.72 4.24 133 44.00 118 85 64 0 7 6 2PORTLAND 40 20 53 12 30 6 2.13 1.20 1.70 5.24 124 42.04 92 88 49 0 7 5 1

MD BALTIMORE 51 30 66 25 40 6 0.31 -0.46 0.29 2.74 82 40.49 97 86 55 0 6 2 0MA BOSTON 46 29 58 24 38 6 1.25 0.42 1.16 3.17 85 32.98 78 86 46 0 6 3 1

WORCESTER 40 23 52 17 32 6 1.18 0.31 0.93 3.74 98 40.86 83 87 50 0 7 4 1MI ALPENA 35 25 49 20 30 9 0.69 0.29 0.35 1.98 108 29.88 105 87 65 0 7 5 0

GRAND RAPIDS 38 28 53 24 33 8 0.38 -0.10 0.16 2.52 93 46.06 124 81 62 0 6 4 0HOUGHTON LAKE 33 23 47 19 28 7 0.40 0.04 0.19 2.11 121 33.62 118 84 72 0 7 5 0LANSING 39 29 55 26 34 10 0.23 -0.15 0.16 1.96 90 35.14 111 75 61 0 6 2 0MUSKEGON 39 29 52 22 34 8 0.33 -0.19 0.23 2.37 90 39.70 121 78 66 0 6 4 0TRAVERSE CITY 36 27 53 23 31 7 0.24 -0.37 0.10 1.24 47 30.08 90 83 59 0 7 4 0

MN DULUTH 25 12 38 3 19 9 0.77 0.62 0.50 1.65 176 33.25 107 86 79 0 7 5 1INT'L FALLS 22 2 33 -18 12 8 1.13 1.00 0.51 2.19 313 29.33 123 87 75 0 7 6 1MINNEAPOLIS 34 21 43 17 27 12 0.97 0.78 0.97 2.18 218 40.35 137 77 67 0 7 1 1ROCHESTER 32 18 39 11 25 11 0.60 0.43 0.60 2.08 204 43.56 139 88 82 0 7 1 1ST. CLOUD 31 18 41 14 25 14 0.76 0.62 0.74 1.56 226 33.84 125 89 72 0 7 2 1

MS JACKSON 71 50 81 33 61 15 1.20 0.00 0.81 5.74 107 63.38 113 88 51 0 0 2 1MERIDIAN 72 48 79 31 60 13 1.14 -0.06 0.74 3.89 73 45.72 78 94 61 0 1 2 1TUPELO 67 44 79 32 55 14 0.62 -0.71 0.32 3.69 60 45.04 81 73 56 0 1 3 0

MO COLUMBIA 54 31 68 25 43 14 0.28 -0.13 0.17 1.02 41 40.07 99 75 40 0 5 2 0KANSAS CITY 53 28 65 20 40 11 0.29 0.00 0.29 1.19 73 48.66 128 71 37 0 6 1 0SAINT LOUIS 56 34 68 29 45 14 0.58 0.07 0.42 1.14 40 41.43 107 67 49 0 4 3 0SPRINGFIELD 57 32 65 20 45 12 0.25 -0.25 0.17 0.63 20 36.26 81 71 47 0 4 2 0

MT BILLINGS 31 17 43 10 24 -1 0.34 0.18 0.25 1.69 252 14.91 101 74 52 0 7 3 0BUTTE 26 0 42 -9 13 -4 0.06 -0.05 0.06 0.45 85 10.61 83 83 53 0 7 1 0CUT BANK 28 11 37 -14 19 -1 0.00 -0.06 0.00 0.05 15 10.90 87 83 58 0 7 0 0GLASGOW 26 7 34 0 16 3 0.05 -0.03 0.05 0.40 108 20.97 187 81 68 0 7 1 0GREAT FALLS 32 13 43 -6 23 0 0.04 -0.13 0.04 0.90 134 14.46 97 73 47 0 7 1 0HAVRE 31 12 38 -4 21 4 0.00 -0.11 0.00 0.48 94 19.28 168 77 66 0 7 0 0MISSOULA 28 12 36 1 20 -2 0.06 -0.19 0.03 1.59 138 14.11 102 93 80 0 7 3 0

NE GRAND ISLAND 47 23 53 20 35 12 0.44 0.33 0.44 0.80 121 24.21 94 83 49 0 7 1 0LINCOLN 47 24 60 18 35 11 0.92 0.78 0.92 1.59 185 29.87 105 80 48 0 6 1 1NORFOLK 43 21 52 16 32 11 0.59 0.50 0.59 0.83 128 31.41 118 74 47 0 7 1 1NORTH PLATTE 49 17 63 10 33 9 0.57 0.49 0.57 0.63 158 23.06 117 82 31 0 7 1 1OMAHA 46 25 54 20 36 13 0.77 0.63 0.77 1.42 154 34.59 114 71 46 0 6 1 1SCOTTSBLUFF 43 15 53 8 29 5 0.36 0.25 0.35 0.61 109 15.80 97 74 51 0 7 2 0VALENTINE 41 14 51 11 28 6 0.50 0.44 0.50 0.94 285 28.19 144 77 46 0 7 1 1

NV ELY 36 -2 49 -18 17 -8 0.01 -0.12 0.01 1.06 212 11.23 113 82 70 0 7 1 0LAS VEGAS 53 36 61 32 45 -1 0.01 -0.07 0.01 0.83 208 4.77 106 64 45 0 2 1 0RENO 45 21 55 14 33 1 0.00 -0.19 0.00 1.22 139 9.05 121 80 64 0 7 0 0WINNEMUCCA 30 6 33 -4 18 -11 0.00 -0.17 0.00 2.27 280 9.43 113 93 79 0 7 0 0

NH CONCORD 39 22 52 8 31 8 0.79 0.16 0.68 3.21 108 32.98 88 80 47 0 6 4 1NJ NEWARK 48 32 62 29 40 7 0.37 -0.43 0.36 2.82 79 39.12 85 71 51 0 6 2 0NM ALBUQUERQUE 47 27 50 22 37 2 0.03 -0.08 0.03 0.51 104 6.69 71 78 46 0 7 1 0NY ALBANY 39 24 48 14 32 7 0.23 -0.32 0.17 1.70 64 33.32 88 82 55 0 6 3 0

BINGHAMTON 35 23 44 22 29 5 0.38 -0.21 0.18 3.53 117 36.44 94 89 66 0 7 6 0BUFFALO 40 27 58 25 34 7 0.65 -0.13 0.37 4.02 106 33.83 83 81 64 0 7 4 0ROCHESTER 41 27 52 23 34 7 0.22 -0.33 0.08 2.60 95 30.41 90 83 65 0 7 5 0SYRACUSE 39 24 50 15 32 7 0.31 -0.28 0.19 2.73 88 40.31 101 91 58 0 7 4 0

NC ASHEVILLE 55 37 65 22 46 9 0.19 -0.57 0.18 2.32 68 33.41 71 81 46 0 2 2 0CHARLOTTE 60 40 69 24 50 8 1.08 0.31 1.08 2.90 91 33.55 77 79 41 0 2 1 1GREENSBORO 56 38 68 23 47 8 0.18 -0.52 0.18 1.70 56 39.64 92 88 47 0 2 1 0HATTERAS *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 71.93 125 *** *** 0 0 0 0RALEIGH 58 39 68 23 49 8 0.40 -0.34 0.35 2.21 73 51.24 119 89 49 0 2 3 0WILMINGTON 63 40 72 26 52 5 0.83 -0.05 0.74 5.36 142 71.87 126 98 51 0 2 2 1

ND BISMARCK 27 7 35 -11 17 5 1.35 1.27 0.52 6.18 1405 27.60 164 87 75 0 7 4 1DICKINSON 30 12 46 2 21 5 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.18 53 17.56 107 75 57 0 7 2 0FARGO 31 14 37 6 23 14 0.80 0.66 0.69 1.30 228 23.54 111 87 75 0 7 3 1GRAND FORKS 28 6 33 -2 17 9 0.58 0.47 0.30 1.37 249 26.99 138 86 69 0 7 3 0JAMESTOWN 29 11 32 -1 20 9 1.05 0.95 0.91 1.30 295 26.43 143 91 76 0 7 2 1WILLISTON 23 5 32 -9 14 4 0.55 0.44 0.41 0.98 172 17.57 124 83 75 0 7 3 0

OH AKRON-CANTON 44 30 65 24 37 9 0.56 -0.04 0.47 2.99 100 38.64 100 78 63 0 5 5 0CINCINNATI 50 33 71 23 41 9 0.83 0.14 0.76 4.43 135 44.43 104 87 60 0 5 5 1CLEVELAND 46 32 68 27 39 11 0.69 0.10 0.33 2.63 84 36.43 94 78 56 0 4 3 0COLUMBUS 50 34 69 27 42 11 0.33 -0.25 0.31 3.12 106 38.80 101 75 56 0 3 3 0DAYTON 47 32 66 23 40 12 0.54 -0.09 0.47 2.99 97 36.78 93 86 59 0 5 2 0MANSFIELD 43 30 65 25 36 9 0.60 -0.04 0.52 2.91 89 34.99 81 92 63 0 6 4 1

Based on 1971-2000 normals *** Not Available

TEMP. ˚F PRECIPSTATES

AND STATIONS

RELATIVE HUMIDITY PERCENT

Weather Data for the Week Ending December 31, 2016

TEMPERATURE ˚F PRECIPITATION

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 7

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TOLEDO 42 29 61 24 35 9 0.77 0.27 0.53 2.48 94 34.33 103 88 72 0 5 2 1YOUNGSTOWN 42 29 64 24 36 9 0.97 0.40 0.48 3.57 121 44.33 117 80 67 0 6 5 0

OK OKLAHOMA CITY 61 35 73 23 48 11 0.08 -0.31 0.08 0.82 43 26.32 73 66 28 0 3 1 0TULSA 62 35 71 25 48 11 0.22 -0.21 0.22 0.45 19 28.19 66 71 38 0 3 1 0

OR ASTORIA 49 35 52 29 42 0 1.59 -0.60 0.66 10.36 100 86.85 129 82 74 0 3 6 1BURNS 22 -5 38 -14 9 -15 0.09 -0.19 0.08 2.43 187 8.74 83 91 82 0 7 2 0EUGENE 45 30 53 23 37 -2 0.21 -1.49 0.08 5.11 62 41.33 81 91 87 0 5 4 0MEDFORD 40 30 42 22 35 -2 0.03 -0.54 0.02 4.57 158 21.71 118 98 82 0 4 2 0PENDLETON 42 26 50 20 34 1 0.19 -0.11 0.17 2.29 155 13.59 107 83 71 0 7 2 0PORTLAND 42 32 47 27 37 -2 0.40 -0.77 0.18 4.54 80 43.28 117 97 86 0 3 5 0SALEM 44 31 49 24 38 -1 0.61 -0.71 0.27 5.15 80 46.98 117 92 85 0 5 4 0

PA ALLENTOWN 45 28 61 23 36 7 0.35 -0.39 0.33 2.44 72 37.73 84 76 49 0 6 3 0ERIE 44 30 63 25 37 7 0.60 -0.11 0.33 4.17 112 46.95 110 74 61 0 6 2 0MIDDLETOWN 47 29 59 25 38 7 0.24 -0.40 0.23 2.45 76 41.07 101 89 50 0 6 2 0PHILADELPHIA 49 33 64 30 41 7 0.22 -0.53 0.19 2.73 82 35.93 85 76 51 0 6 2 0PITTSBURGH 46 30 66 23 38 8 0.30 -0.28 0.09 3.22 113 34.81 92 91 57 0 5 5 0WILKES-BARRE 42 29 55 28 36 7 0.18 -0.32 0.17 2.09 82 31.44 84 86 53 0 6 2 0WILLIAMSPORT 44 29 54 26 37 9 0.26 -0.32 0.14 2.85 97 34.97 84 77 49 0 6 3 0

RI PROVIDENCE 48 27 59 22 37 6 1.12 0.19 0.94 3.07 74 39.94 86 75 53 0 6 4 1SC BEAUFORT 66 46 77 30 56 7 0.39 -0.41 0.33 4.11 133 52.39 105 93 51 0 1 2 0

CHARLESTON 67 46 77 30 56 7 0.37 -0.44 0.28 4.79 148 59.65 116 89 50 0 2 3 0COLUMBIA 64 42 75 28 53 8 0.24 -0.63 0.24 3.39 100 39.59 82 89 46 0 2 1 0GREENVILLE 60 40 69 26 50 9 1.19 0.28 1.16 2.70 70 34.42 69 86 42 0 2 2 1

SD ABERDEEN 32 14 36 5 23 10 1.29 1.21 1.28 1.76 463 20.57 102 76 70 0 7 2 1HURON 35 17 38 8 26 10 0.63 0.55 0.63 1.41 362 20.94 100 88 69 0 7 1 1RAPID CITY 33 11 44 7 22 -1 0.28 0.20 0.26 0.66 165 13.15 79 75 55 0 7 2 0SIOUX FALLS 37 21 43 15 29 14 0.43 0.35 0.43 1.11 213 31.41 127 82 66 0 7 1 0

TN BRISTOL 53 34 68 20 43 8 1.40 0.66 0.77 5.37 158 36.69 89 95 51 0 3 4 1CHATTANOOGA 59 40 74 28 49 9 0.94 -0.12 0.30 5.15 107 35.68 65 81 55 0 2 4 0KNOXVILLE 58 38 70 28 48 10 1.49 0.49 0.85 6.52 145 44.72 93 90 47 0 2 5 1MEMPHIS 62 44 77 33 53 12 0.84 -0.24 0.37 7.34 129 61.59 113 88 49 0 0 4 0NASHVILLE 62 42 76 31 52 14 1.31 0.37 0.83 6.94 153 42.71 89 81 39 0 2 4 1

TX ABILENE 67 44 78 37 55 11 0.00 -0.28 0.00 1.19 94 36.81 155 70 41 0 0 0 0AMARILLO 60 28 80 21 44 8 0.08 -0.08 0.08 0.31 51 17.24 87 71 22 0 5 1 0AUSTIN 76 57 85 43 67 17 0.00 -0.53 0.00 3.12 128 53.87 160 77 54 0 0 0 0BEAUMONT 74 60 82 47 67 14 3.54 2.30 3.50 13.05 249 78.03 130 92 60 0 0 2 1BROWNSVILLE 81 66 84 55 74 14 0.14 -0.08 0.01 1.67 150 22.81 83 97 68 0 0 2 0CORPUS CHRISTI 76 63 83 51 70 13 0.11 -0.28 0.10 2.21 126 32.74 102 96 68 0 0 2 0DEL RIO 70 55 80 46 62 11 0.04 -0.07 0.03 2.62 349 32.60 179 90 65 0 0 2 0EL PASO 56 37 65 31 47 3 0.15 0.00 0.11 0.86 112 9.04 96 74 38 0 1 2 0FORT WORTH 72 53 83 39 62 17 0.00 -0.57 0.00 0.61 24 35.49 102 68 29 0 0 0 0GALVESTON 74 64 78 53 69 13 1.04 0.24 1.03 8.60 244 54.02 123 96 68 0 0 2 1HOUSTON 75 61 84 48 68 16 0.33 -0.47 0.30 3.39 92 60.79 127 89 61 0 0 3 0LUBBOCK 59 32 67 25 46 8 0.05 -0.07 0.05 0.49 73 13.46 72 67 24 0 4 1 0MIDLAND 65 40 78 34 53 10 0.06 -0.08 0.05 0.42 65 15.19 103 64 35 0 0 2 0SAN ANGELO 70 45 84 42 58 13 0.01 -0.18 0.01 0.76 81 35.74 171 74 43 0 0 1 0SAN ANTONIO 74 59 83 49 67 16 0.34 -0.07 0.32 6.24 318 43.94 133 85 50 0 0 2 0VICTORIA 74 60 84 48 67 13 0.17 -0.38 0.12 3.02 122 39.26 98 94 63 0 0 3 0WACO 72 53 84 43 62 15 0.00 -0.55 0.00 1.27 46 38.56 116 80 51 0 0 0 0WICHITA FALLS *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 37.18 129 *** *** *** *** *** ***

UT SALT LAKE CITY 28 12 33 4 20 -9 0.50 0.22 0.50 2.00 163 14.87 90 94 80 0 7 1 1VT BURLINGTON 38 20 47 13 29 8 0.45 0.01 0.22 2.41 109 27.79 77 80 54 0 6 5 0VA LYNCHBURG 51 33 65 20 42 6 0.23 -0.50 0.21 3.10 96 43.08 99 87 51 0 4 2 0

NORFOLK 55 39 69 25 47 5 0.19 -0.56 0.19 2.55 84 68.87 151 82 54 0 1 1 0RICHMOND 54 35 68 23 44 6 0.22 -0.53 0.22 2.81 90 52.73 120 87 54 0 2 1 0ROANOKE 50 35 66 27 43 6 0.26 -0.36 0.25 2.80 98 46.82 110 84 59 0 3 2 0WASH/DULLES 51 32 67 24 42 9 0.20 -0.46 0.20 2.30 75 35.27 84 79 53 0 5 1 0

WA OLYMPIA 42 30 46 24 36 -1 0.70 -0.95 0.22 6.35 80 57.42 113 100 95 0 4 5 0QUILLAYUTE 42 30 45 20 36 -4 3.59 0.51 1.62 13.06 90 122.22 120 99 90 0 5 6 3SEATTLE-TACOMA 44 35 48 29 39 -1 0.44 -0.72 0.25 3.87 69 45.17 122 92 80 0 1 5 0SPOKANE 31 17 36 10 24 -2 0.24 -0.20 0.22 1.48 66 18.29 110 93 77 0 7 2 0YAKIMA 39 15 50 10 27 -1 0.01 -0.29 0.01 0.87 63 9.98 121 85 74 0 7 1 0

WV BECKLEY 47 32 59 21 39 7 1.18 0.49 0.46 4.67 151 49.59 119 83 60 0 4 5 0CHARLESTON 54 35 73 25 45 10 1.04 0.35 0.44 3.84 116 44.98 102 88 44 0 4 6 0ELKINS 50 29 64 13 40 10 1.17 0.43 0.61 4.94 144 46.10 100 88 49 0 4 5 1HUNTINGTON 53 37 74 28 45 11 0.29 -0.45 0.23 3.69 109 46.06 109 86 49 0 3 4 0

WI EAU CLAIRE 31 19 41 14 25 11 0.55 0.36 0.53 1.40 136 40.54 126 91 67 0 7 2 1GREEN BAY 35 23 45 16 29 11 0.63 0.38 0.32 2.16 153 33.03 113 85 66 0 7 3 0LA CROSSE 36 23 44 16 29 11 0.67 0.47 0.61 1.86 151 46.55 144 84 61 0 6 2 1MADISON 35 21 44 13 28 8 0.39 0.10 0.28 2.04 123 50.01 152 84 66 0 7 2 0MILWAUKEE 41 25 54 17 33 10 0.30 -0.12 0.15 1.93 87 32.64 94 78 62 0 6 2 0

WY CASPER 31 14 41 6 23 0 0.47 0.36 0.39 1.31 211 16.80 129 76 52 0 7 4 0CHEYENNE 41 21 55 17 31 5 0.04 -0.04 0.04 0.48 104 16.70 108 57 38 0 7 1 0LANDER 29 6 41 1 17 -3 0.33 0.22 0.33 0.90 148 23.30 174 83 51 0 7 1 0SHERIDAN 32 8 53 -2 20 -1 0.40 0.24 0.30 1.00 147 19.14 130 72 55 0 7 2 0

Based on 1971-2000 normals *** Not Available

Weather Data for the Week Ending December 31, 2016

STATES AND

STATIONS

TEMP. ˚F PRECIP

RELATIVE HUMIDITY PERCENT

TEMPERATURE ˚F PRECIPITATION

8 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

National Agricultural Summary December 26, 2016 – January 1, 2017

Weekly National Agricultural Summary provided by USDA/NASS

HIGHLIGHTS

Most of the nation experienced above-average temperatures, with the southern Great Plains and lower Mississippi Valley recording temperatures more than 10°F above normal. In contrast, the Northwest had below-average temperatures, with temperatures dipping below

0°F in large sections of the Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin. Precipitation totaled less than 2 inches in most locations, with the most notable exception being the central Gulf Coast, where in some areas rainfall totaled more than 4.5 inches above normal weekly values.

Arizona: Barley and Durum wheat planting was well underway by the end of the week. Barley planting was 25 percent complete, compared to 29 percent last year and 49 percent for the 5-year average. Durum wheat planting was estimated at 22 percent complete, 8 percentage points ahead of last year. Alfalfa conditions were rated mostly good to excellent, depending on location, with harvesting taking place on almost three-quarters of the state’s alfalfa acreage. Central Arizona growers shipped anise, beets, broccoli, cabbage (green and red), carrots, cauliflower, cilantro, kale greens, green onions, parsley, and Swiss chard. In western Arizona, growers shipped anise, arugula, bok choy, broccoli, cabbage (green and red), cauliflower, celery, Chinese cabbage, cilantro, endive, escarole, frisee, kale greens, lettuce (Boston, green leaf, iceberg, red leaf, romaine and other), parsley, radicchio, and spinach. Beneficial rains continued last week in Coconino and Yavapai Counties, where soil moisture levels were reported as high and water tanks were nearly full or completely full. Wheat planting was delayed in Graham County according to respondents, due to cold and wet weather. For the second week in a row, every weather station reported some measurable precipitation. Douglas reported the least at 0.07 inch, while Payson reported the most at 1.71 inches. All but 12 of the 52 weather stations reported above-normal temperatures. The highest temperature was 78°F at Buckeye; the lowest was 0°F at Flagstaff. California: Rainfall was limited to the far northwestern mountains on Monday, where over an inch of rain fell. Tuesday and Wednesday were fairly dry, but the Pineapple Express began on Thursday evening affecting areas from Salinas to Los Angeles with light rain. Friday and Saturday saw moderate to heavy rain across the southern one-third of the state, with the highest totals (over 2 inches) in and around Bakersfield. The deserts received around an inch of rain, while other locations in the southern valley saw up to an inch. Upslope showers also affected the central Sierras, where up to one-half of an inch of rain fell. On Sunday, the main rainfall area shifted to the northern half of the state, where most locations saw up to one-quarter inch of rain, but the northwestern mountains and windward slopes of the Sierras saw just over one-half inch. Temperatures at higher elevations in the central and southern Sierras were low enough to result in snow. Up to 10 inches of new snow fell at high elevations, particularly at Mt. Whitney. Up to 6 inches fell just south of Tahoe. However, mild weather resulted in a decrease of the mountain snowpack, as meltwater runoff increased. High temperatures were in the 30s to 50s in the mountains, 40s to 50s along the coast and in the valley, and 50s to 70s in the desert. Low temperatures were between the 0s and 30s in the mountains; 20s to 40s in the desert; and 30s to 40s in the coast and valley. On Monday and Tuesday temperatures fell into the 20s with widespread hard freezes across the agricultural areas of the valley, and subzero temperatures in the mountains. Field preparation for winter forage crops continued where the moisture

level of the ground allowed. Winter wheat continued to progress well due to adequate soil moisture. Post-harvest pruning and orchard removal continued in all deciduous tree fruit orchards and vineyards. Wet weather slowed citrus harvest. Navel and Mandarin oranges were harvested and exported. Melogold grapefruit, lemons, and limes were exported. New planting of citrus trees were covered for frost protection. Almonds, pistachios, shelled and in-shell walnuts, and shelled pecans continued to be packed and shipped. Nut orchards continued to be pruned, irrigated, and treated in preparation for their dormant season. Orchard replanting continued. In San Joaquin County, winter farmers’ market vegetables were harvested. In Fresno County, winter vegetables were in good condition. Irrigation was not needed due to the rainy weather. With snow covering higher rangeland, more cattle were in valley pastures and most were being fed supplemental hay. Also in Fresno County, supplemental feeding of livestock continued as new germination of rangeland grasses improved from recent rains. Sheep were grazing on idle crop fields, dormant alfalfa, and stubble crop grounds. Florida: There were 6.4 days suitable for fieldwork. Precipitation estimates ranged from no rain in several locations including Apopka (Orange County), Dade City (Pasco County), and Sebring (Highlands County) to 7.74 inches in DeFuniak Springs (Walton County). Average temperatures ranged from 60.6°F in Macclenny (Baker County) to 73.2°F in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County). Although rain fell during the week across many parts of the state, most farms remain in drought or abnormally dry. In the citrus-growing region, temperatures were warmer than average for the first part of the week. Daily highs were in the mid to upper 80s on most afternoons. A front passing through the center of the state late Thursday lowered temperature about 20°F, but did not bring much rain. Canals and ditches remained at low levels due of the lack of widespread rain over the past couple of months. Growers were irrigating frequently to keep moisture in the ground and on the trees. Early tangerine harvest (Fallglo and Sunburst) was about over for the season. Early and mid-season oranges were still being harvested for the fresh market. Grapefruit harvest was in full swing, with internal quality holding well. All processing plants were open and accepting field-run fruit. Growers continued to spray in order to lower the psyllid population. Primarily, growers were performing general grove maintenance in well-kept groves. Strawberry harvesting activities were reported during the week in Hillsborough County. Greens, cabbage, and broccoli were being planted in Bradford County. Spring watermelons continued to be planted in several counties. Crops coming to market included avocado, beets, bitter melon, boniato, collards, eggplant, green beans, kale, malanga, pepper, squash, sweet corn, tomato, zucchini, and other tropical fruits. Cattle condition remained mostly fair to good despite persistently dry conditions and deteriorating pasture quality. Many cattle operators were using supplemental feeding.

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 9

December State Agricultural Summaries These summaries, issued weekly through the summer growing season, provide brief descriptions of crop and weather conditions important on a national scale. More detailed data are available in Crop Progress and Condition Reports published each Monday by NASS State Statistical Offices in cooperation with the National Weather Service. The crop reports are available on the Internet through the NASS Home Page on the World Wide Web at http://www.nass.usda.gov. ALABAMA: The long lasting drought conditions of 2016 eased throughout the State in December. Much needed rainfall came, with some areas receiving significantly more than others. The heaviest rainfall was in the lower part of the State, with too much falling too fast, causing some flooding issues. It has been scattered elsewhere, with producers in those areas still needing more rain for emerging small grains and replenishing water supplies. Pasture conditions are improving in some areas, but for many, they have already gone dormant as the rain came too late. Cattle conditions are fair as they are continuing to be fed due to lack of grazing. Hay supplies are running low, critically low in some areas, with producers seeking more for the remainder of the winter. Small grains plantings were lower than usual, and stands have been vulnerable to either not having enough moisture or being washed out. Temperatures have fluctuated between below normal and above normal. Average mean temperatures for the month ranged from 44°F in Hamilton to 58°F in Mobile. Precipitation estimates for the month ranged from 3.28 inches in Gainesville to 16.29 inches in Mobile. ALASKA: DATA NOT AVAILABLE ARIZONA: Temperatures across the State were mostly above normal for the month of December with the only exception being the first week of the month where only 1 of the 52 weather stations was above normal. The temperature extremes for December were a high of 86°F in Sahuarita and a low of -5°F at the Grand Canyon. Thirteen of the 52 reporting stations finished the year with above normal precipitation. Nogales had the lowest percent of normal precipitation at 47 and Prescott finished the highest with 126% of normal precipitation. Cotton harvesting was virtually complete by the end of the month. Alfalfa harvesting had occurred on at least two-thirds of the planted acres. Barley planted was 25% complete and Durum wheat planted was 22% complete at the end of December. Vegetable and citrus harvesting activities continued throughout the month. ARKANSAS: The month of December was fairly wet especially compared to November and October. The livestock conditions are good. Temperatures have been moderate in the last month with only a short period of extreme cold that may have stressed them some. Wheat crops are showing some signs of cold stress, but have adequate moisture. There was quite a bit of late planted (late November, early December) wheat. CALIFORNIA: Temperature highs were in the 30s to 50s in the mountains, 40s to 50s along the coast and in the valley, and 50s to 70s in the desert. The temperature lows were between 0s and 30s in the mountains, 20s to 40s in the desert, 30s to 40s in the coast and valley. Rainfall was limited to the far northwestern mountains on Monday, where over an inch of rain fell. Tuesday and Wednesday were fairly dry, with the Pineapple Express beginning on Thursday evening affecting areas from Salinas to Los Angeles with light rain. Friday and Saturday saw moderate to heavy rain across the southern third of the State, with the heaviest rainfall totals over 2 inches in and around Bakersfield. The deserts received around an inch of rain, while other locations in the southern valley saw up to an inch. Upslope showers also affected the central Sierras, where up to half an inch of rain fell. On Sunday, the main rainfall areas

shifted to the northern half of the State, where most locations saw up to a quarter inch of rain, but the northwestern mountains and windward slopes of the Sierras saw just over half an inch. Field preparation for winter forage crops continued where the moisture level of the ground allowed. Winter wheat continued to progress well due to adequate moisture in the soil. Post-harvest pruning and orchard removal continued in all deciduous tree fruit orchards and vineyards. Wet weather slowed citrus harvest. Navel and Mandarin oranges were harvested and exported. Melogold grapefruit, lemons, and limes were exported. New planting of citrus trees were covered for frost protection. Almonds, pistachios, shelled and in-shell walnuts, and shelled pecans continued to be packed and shipped. Nut orchards continued to be pruned, irrigated, and treated in preparation for their dormant season. Orchard replanting continued. In San Joaquin County, winter Farmers’ Market vegetables were harvested. In Fresno County, winter vegetables were in good condition. Irrigation was not needed due to the rainy weather. With snow covering at higher rangeland, more cattle were in valley pastures and most were being fed supplemental hay. In Fresno County, supplemental feeding of livestock continued as new germination of rangeland grasses improved from recent rains. Sheep were grazing on idle crop fields, dormant alfalfa, and stubble crop grounds. COLORADO: Topsoil moisture 10% very short, 36% short, 52% adequate, 2% surplus. Subsoil moisture 10% very short, 34% short, 55% adequate, 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition 2% very poor, 23% poor, 35% fair, 38% good, 2% excellent. Livestock condition 1% very poor, 3% poor, 14% fair, 72% good, 10% excellent. Pasture and range condition 1% very poor, 26% poor, 43% fair, 27% good, 3% excellent. Seasonal snow and rainfall provided beneficial moisture within the western part of the State and along the Front Range, with eastern counties receiving sporadic moisture. Reporters in eastern districts noted lack of winter snow cover, coupled with cold and mostly dry conditions, is a concern for the health of winter wheat stands. Pasture condition remains a concern in areas that received little good moisture. Livestock are in good condition with sufficient feed supplies and availability of winter grazing. As of January 1, 2017, snowpack in the State was at 113% measured as percent of median snowfall. DELAWARE: For the month of December maximum registered temperature was 64°F with minimum of 12°F. There were 10 instances of precipitation with near maximum of 0.77 inches of rain in a single day and total accumulation of 2-3 inches for the month. The weather conditions contributed to pasture and cover crop growth and soybean growers were able to complete the soybean harvest by beginning of December. Some dry field conditions allowed extended manure hauling. Minimal freezing temperature has had no mayor effects on freezing soil. No mayor health issues was reported with animal. Many producers were feeding hay even with the available forages. No freeze kill has occurred to the tillage radishes that were planted yet to date. December goes in the books as one of the warmest, foggy and cloudy December's on record. Other than farming activities for the month included taking soil samples, repairing and cleaning up equipment, purchasing supplies, tax planning, pricing inputs for 2017, and attending workshops as usual for the month.

10 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017 FLORIDA: December started mostly warm and dry. The Panhandle and northern counties were under abnormally dry conditions, which spread throughout the month to include several counties in the middle of the State. Cotton, soybean, and peanut harvesting all wrapped up at the beginning of the month. Sugarcane harvest continued in Glades, Hendry, and Palm Beach Counties. Less winter cover crops and forages were able to be planted in the Panhandle and northern part of State due to the dry conditions. Flagler and Putnam Counties began harvesting cabbage and leafy greens. Farmers in southwest harvested green beans, beets, collards, cucumbers, eggplant, herbs, kale, peppers, squash, Swiss chard, tomatoes, watermelon. Palm Beach County farmers used ditches, canals, and other equipment to irrigate. Miami-Dade County harvested green beans, pole beans, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, yellow squash, sweet potatoes, sweet corn, zucchini, boniato, bitter melon, malanga, and avocado. The dry conditions and warm temperatures had pasture quality and quantity declining steadily throughout the month. The cattle, however remained in mostly fair to good condition. Supplemental feeding was reported in several counties. Early orange harvest activities increased at the beginning of month. Grapefruit harvest was in full swing by the end of the month, with internal quality holding well. All processing plants were open and accepting field-run fruit by the end of the month. The navel oranges, white grapefruit, and red grapefruit harvest schedule was slightly ahead of last season. Grove work included irrigating, mowing, spraying, fertilizing. Caretakers were replacing unproductive trees and taking care of healthy older trees and resets with various types of fertilization programs. Old, non-productive groves were being pushed and cleared. GEORGIA: According to the U.S Drought Monitor, more than 80% of the State remained in a moderate to severe drought throughout December with the most severe areas in the northern half of the State. Total precipitation for the month ranged from 1.8 inches of rain in Polk County to 13.5 inches in Dougherty County. December rains provided limited drought relief and allowed some producers to plant late-season winter forages and small grains, but many others were unsuccessful because dry weather persisted throughout the planting window. Forages and small grains began to emerge, but were expected to yield very little due to late planting. Some sightings of aphids were reported in the southern portion of the State. The fall drought not only limited traditional winter grazing, but also harmed permanent grazing. Many livestock producers were quickly depleting local hay supplies and paying a premium for forage from increased shipping distances. Fears of hay shortages continued. Cattle producers fed mixed rations to supplement lower quality hay. Emergency feed assistance was activated for several counties. Cattle, sheep, and goats were in good condition, despite the drought. Cooler temperatures helped fruit crops accumulate much needed chill hours. Camarosa strawberries were growing well. Vegetable growers began laying plastic for the upcoming season. Majority of onions were planted and doing well. Cotton harvest was nearly complete. HAWAII: DATA NOT AVAILABLE IDAHO: December brought lots of snow and freezing rain to the State. Areas from all over the State received up to 2 feet of snow during the month. Average daytime highs were in the 40s with many lows below zero. Average temperatures ranged from 10°F below normal to 2°F above normal. Due to the extended snow cover, deer, elk and wild turkeys entered domestic livestock areas of local farms in search of food, causing predation issues. Winter grazing was difficult due to the frequent precipitation. Most cattle were on full feed. Livestock owners in many areas were struggling to keep supplies of

unfrozen water and hay available. In a few areas of the south, there was some pneumonia reported in the livestock due to fluctuating weather conditions. There was also some newborn loss. However, many other reporters stated local livestock were in fair to excellent condition in spite of harsh conditions. Most cropland was covered in snow. South central regions reported good snow cover to protect the winter cereals. Good snowpack had farmers optimistic about the water outlook for the coming season. Accumulation of snow in the southwest was well above normal. ILLINOIS: Topsoil moisture 5% short, 87% adequate, 8% surplus. Subsoil moisture 6% short, 88% adequate, 6% surplus. Winter wheat condition 2% very poor, 4% poor, 25% fair, 57% good, 12% excellent. Statewide, temperatures for the month of December averaged 28.6°F, 1.2°F below normal. Precipitation averaged 1.41 inches, 1.28 inches below normal. Normal winter conditions were reported throughout the State. INDIANA: Topsoil moisture 1% very short, 6% short, 75% adequate, 18% surplus. Subsoil moisture 1% very short, 8% short, 82% adequate, 9% surplus. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 3% poor, 23% fair, 62% good, 11% excellent. The Statewide average temperature was 29.8°F, 1.3°F below normal. Statewide average precipitation 3.06 inches, 0.71 inches below normal. Temperatures dropped sharply during the middle of the month, mainly in northern Indiana. Snow cover protected wheat to some extent in that region. Temperatures rebounded during the last week of the month, melting snow and creating muddy conditions. Precipitation in the far southern portion of the State helped alleviate dry conditions that were prevalent beginning in the fall. Livestock were in good condition and pastures in the south remained green. Other activities included clearing fencerows, repairing and installing drainage tile, applying lime and hauling grain to market. IOWA: Weather has been mostly mild so far this winter. Iowa experienced variable temperatures for the month of December, swinging from above to below normal and back again. Little snow cover remained in the State as the month came to a close; much of it melting off with warm conditions and rain. Moisture supplies are considered sufficient to start the next growing season. Fieldwork activities for the month of December included dry fertilizer, anhydrous, lime and manure applications. Some tiling and terracing also took place in the southern third of the State. Grain movement in December was mostly light to non-existent. There were scattered reports of corn moving to ethanol plants and feed mills. Some outside corn piles have already been removed, others are dwindling, and some remain intact. Adequate hay supplies for livestock at this time. Cattle still grazing on corn stalks in some areas. Temperature swings have been rough on cattle, creating some health problems. KANSAS: Topsoil moisture 23% very short, 34% short, 42% adequate, and 1% surplus. Subsoil moisture 16% very short, 28% short, 55% adequate, and 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition 5% very poor, 14% poor, 37% fair, 42% good, 2% excellent. Cotton 92% harvested, 95% 2015. Stock water supplies 2% very short, 8% short, 89% adequate, and 1% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 0% very short, 3% short, 83% adequate, 14% surplus. Cattle and calf condition, 1% very poor, 2% poor, 22% fair, 68% good, 7% excellent. Calving progress 7% complete. Cattle and calf death loss, 0% heavy, 55% average, 45% light. Sheep and lamb conditions, 0% very poor, 0% poor, 13% fair, 82% good, 5% excellent. Lambing progress 3% complete. Sheep and lamb death loss, 0% heavy, 55% average, 45% light. Near-normal temperatures were experienced in eastern Kansas, whereas the west experienced temperatures from 3 to 5°F below normal. Most the State

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 11 remained dry, prompting some concerns over the development of winter wheat. KENTUCKY: The majority of counties were still in a Moderate or Severe Drought rating from the U S Drought Monitor through mid-December. As precipitation improved towards the end of the month, some counties still had an Abnormally Dry rating. Precipitation for the month totaled 5.54 inches, 1.12 inches above normal. Precipitation totals by climate division, West 5.29 inches, Central 6.06 inches, Bluegrass 5.26 inches and East 5.53 inches, which was 0.46, 1.26, 1.41 and 1.32 inches above normal respectively. Temperatures averaged 38°F for the month, near normal. High temperatures averaged from 45°F in the West to 47°F in the East. Low temperatures averaged from 30°F in the West to 31°F in the East. Milder temperatures and rainfall have resulted in muddy field conditions in some areas. Tobacco producers continued to strip their tobacco when conditions allowed. The amount of tobacco stripped was 81%, compared to 87% last year. Winter wheat was rated in mostly good condition, but there are spots in some fields where dry weather affected stands, and delayed and/or non-uniform emergence occurred. Winter wheat conditions were rated as 3% very poor, 8% poor, 33% fair, 45% good, and 11% excellent. Most producers feel hay supplies are adequate, however quality may be an issue due to dry conditions experienced in October and November. Hay and roughage supplies were reported as 4% very short, 14% short, 74% adequate, and 8% surplus. Livestock was rated in mostly good condition, although many producers started to supplement pastures with hay earlier this season. Additionally, some pastures are being reseeded in areas that were impacted by severe and extreme drought. Livestock conditions were rated as 1% very poor, 2% poor, 20% fair, 64% good, and 13% excellent. LOUISIANA: Recent rainfall and mild temperatures have improved ryegrass pasture conditions for December. Mild winter conditions have helped keep cattle in descent body condition during the delayed transition from warm season to cool season forages. Cattle producers are beginning to graze ryegrass. Temperatures have been above normal for this time of year causing rapid growth of winter weeds. Commercial vegetable production is doing fine and plentiful. Sugarcane harvest is now complete. Majority of the beef cattle is doing well due to very mild winter. Some parts of the State received up to several inches of rain. MARYLAND: For the month of December maximum registered temperature was 64°F with minimum of 12°F. There were 10 instances of precipitation with near maximum of 0.77 inch of rain in a single day and total accumulation of 2-3 inches for the month. The weather conditions contributed to pasture and cover crop growth and soybean growers were able to complete the soybean harvest by beginning of December. Some dry field conditions allowed extended manure hauling. Minimal freezing temperature has had no mayor effects on freezing soil. No mayor health issues was reported with animal. Many producers were feeding hay even with the available forages. No freeze kill has occurred to the tillage radishes that were planted yet to date. December goes in the books as one of the warmest, foggy and cloudy December's on record. Other than farming activities for the month included taking soil samples, repairing and cleaning up equipment, purchasing supplies, tax planning, pricing inputs for 2017, and attending workshops as usual for the month. MICHIGAN: Topsoil moisture 61% adequate, 39% surplus. Subsoil moisture 2% short, 73% adequate, 25% surplus. Winter wheat condition, 3% very poor, 6% poor, 27% fair, 47% good, 17% excellent. Temperatures were generally above normal

early in the month, but fell well below normal during mid-December, then rose above normal at month’s end. The variance in temperatures caused health issues for livestock in some areas. There was adequate precipitation during December, in the form of snow and rain, available to the Winter Wheat crop, although the lack of frost and snow cover at the end of the month was a concern. Some producers took advantage of the lack of snow to haul manure and prune orchards. MINNESOTA: Temperatures for the month averaged 16.7°F, 0.4°F above average. Statewide average precipitation was 1.77 inches, 0.79 inch above normal. A blizzard on December 6-7 brought heavy snow and serious wind chills to northwestern Minnesota. There were reports of 6 to 13 inches of snow received, including some new daily record snowfalls. A slow-moving system moved across the State December 10-12, bringing significant snowfall. Some of the new daily snowfall records reported for December 11 include 7.0 inches of snow in Owatonna, 10.0 inches in Canby, and 8.2 inches in Duluth. A third winter storm passed through Minnesota on December 16–17. A powerful low pressure system on Christmas day brought snow to northwestern and northern Minnesota, while a combination of thunderstorms, sleet, freezing rain, and rain hit the rest of the State. The storm created ice covered feedlots in many areas, leaving producers concerned about foot and leg injuries associated with the icy conditions. There were also concerns about winterkill on alfalfa that iced over due to the freezing rains. Totals show a new annual precipitation record set for the Twin Cities, at 40.32 inches. MISSISSIPPI: The fall planting season for forages started out very dry and unseasonably warm. The early warm weather helped winter grazing, but cool season grazing was behind due to drought in the fall. This caused producers to lose a few months of winter forage production and led many to feed hay starting in early fall. There’s a growing concern of depleting reserves leading many producers to believe that there may not be enough hay to make through the winter. Late rains throughout the State helped improve water levels. Stock ponds began to fill back up, but still have a long way to go to be back to normal. Winter pastures have made some improvements but still not at the level under a normal year. MISSOURI: Topsoil moisture 2% very short, 17% short, 72% adequate, 9% surplus. Subsoil moisture 3% very short, 20% short, 73% adequate, 4% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 2% short, 82% adequate, 16% surplus. Stock water supplies 2% very short, 16% short, 81% adequate, 1% surplus. Winter Wheat condition 4% poor, 52% fair, 40% good, 4% excellent. MONTANA: Topsoil moisture 2% very short, 4% last year; 10% short, 16% last year; 83% adequate, 76% last year; 5% surplus, 4% last year. Subsoil moisture 5% very short, 7% last year; 18% short, 26% last year; 73% adequate, 63% last year; 4% surplus, 4% last year. Winter wheat – wind damage 66% none, 91% last year; 28% light, 8% last year; 6% moderate, 1% last year; 0% heavy, 0% last year. Winter wheat – freeze and drought damage 78% none, 88% last year; 15% light, 10% last year; 7% moderate, 2% last year; 0% heavy, 0% last year. Winter wheat – protectiveness of snow cover 7% very poor, 6% last year; 5% poor, 13% last year; 29% fair, 28% last year; 40% good, 35% last year; 19% excellent, 18% last year. Livestock grazing accessibility – 23% open, 24% last year; 39% difficult, 38% last year; 38% closed, 38% last year. Livestock receiving supplemental feed – cattle and calves 97% fed, 97% last year. Livestock receiving supplemental feed – sheep and lambs 98% fed, 98% last year. The month of December was mostly very cold with periods of snow and high wind for the State of Montana, though there were brief periods of above average

12 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017 temperatures between storm systems. High temperatures ranged from the lower 30s to the lower 50s and all reporting stations recorded subzero lows with the coldest reported in West Yellowstone and Wisdom at -43°F. Precipitation in the form of snowfall was present across the State but in variable amounts, with the highest recorded this month in West Yellowstone with 3.78 inches of moisture. Topsoil moisture conditions were 88% adequate to surplus which is above last year’s 80%. Subsoil moisture conditions are 77% adequate to surplus which is well above last year’s 67%. So far winter freeze and wind damage to winter wheat remains low but reporters note the extent of damage may be hard to gauge until the crop breaks dormancy in the spring, particularly in the central portion of the State. Snow coverage for the State is rated 59% good to excellent compared with 53% at this time last year. Winter wheat condition is rated 58% good to excellent, compared with 74% last year. Pasture and range conditions improved from the last report with 45% rated good to excellent, which is a great improvement over last year’s 16%. Livestock producers are providing supplemental feed at same rate as the previous year at this time with 97% of cattle and 98% of sheep being fed. NEBRASKA: Topsoil moisture 12% very short, 22% short, 64% adequate, and 2% surplus. Subsoil moisture 11% very short, 26% short, 62% adequate, and 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition 2% very poor, 8% poor, 44% fair, 41% good, 5% excellent. Stock water supplies 0% very short, 8% short, 91% adequate, and 1% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 0% very short, 3% short, 91% adequate, 6% surplus. Cattle and calf condition, 0% very poor, 1% poor, 17% fair, 71% good, 11% excellent. Cattle and calf death loss, 0% heavy, 54% average, 46% light. Sheep and lamb conditions, 0% very poor, 1% poor, 20% fair, 72% good, 7% excellent. Sheep and lamb death loss, 0% heavy, 75% average, 25% light. Temperatures averaged 2 to 6°F below normal. Precipitation in the form of snow and rain was recorded during the month. High winds on Christmas day caused damage to numerous pivots in south central counties. At the end of the month, snow cover was limited to northern Panhandle counties. This allowed good use of stalk fields for winter grazing in other areas. NEVADA: Humboldt County reported snow. The ground remains frozen, and has likely halted ground work until early to mid-March. Most livestock were fed hay and will continue until March or April. Lincoln County reported rain, bringing overall soil moisture levels up for December. The south east of the State saw some moisture but no snowfall. Cold temperatures have maintained in Mineral County, with little rain but no snow. Cattle in Mineral County were out on range land. Douglas County saw some snow and moisture, leading to an optimistic water situation for the coming spring and good current soil moisture. Continuous grazing continued in Douglas County, particularly for cows about to calve. NEW ENGLAND: Although some rain and snowfall improved water level conditions in many areas over the prior month, many areas of New England were subject to D0 Abnormally Dry to D3 Extreme Drought conditions with only the northernmost part of Maine having no drought. Massachusetts and western parts of Connecticut had the most extreme conditions. As such, soils remain dry in most parts of the region. Feed and hay was short in the region and purchased from other areas. Cover crops were reported as looking good. Most producers spent time doing general farm maintenance as well as administrative activities such as income tax planning. Cranberry bogs still lacked the necessary water for winter flooding. Orchardists prepared for pruning apple trees and Christmas tree growers finished up

their season. Fresh greens were sold at winter farmers markets. Maple producers were getting ready for the 2017 season. NEW JERSEY: The State average temperature in December was 36.5°F, with a low temperature of 14°F and a high temperature of 62°F. Total precipitation in New Jersey for the month of December was 2.65 inches. Field activities included hauling manure and preparing seeds for the spring. Cover crops including rye, wheat, and barley have been planted. Producers moved and marketed Christmas trees and poinsettias. NEW MEXICO: Topsoil moisture 14% very short, 49% short, 34% adequate, 3% surplus. Subsoil moisture 13% very short, 40% short, 47% adequate. Red chile harvested 99%, 87% November 27. Corn harvested for grain 100%, 65% November 27, 100% last year. Cotton harvested 92%, 87% November 27, 100% last year. Pecans harvested 52%, 30% November 27, 100% last year. Pecan condition 3% fair, 82% good, 15% excellent. Sorghum harvested 100%, 54% November 27. Winter wheat condition 8% very poor, 38% poor, 46% fair, 5% good, 3% excellent. Cattle receiving supplemental feed 81%, 53% November 27, 86% last year. Cattle condition 2% very poor, 4% poor, 34% fair, 55% good, 5% excellent. Sheep receiving supplemental feed 71%, 65% November 27, 78% last year. Sheep and lamb condition 11% very poor, 17% poor, 16% fair, 56% good. Hay and roughage supplies 4% very short, 12% short, 71% adequate, 13% surplus. Stock water supplies 8% very short, 28% short, 63% adequate, 1% surplus. December was an unusually warm month for much of New Mexico, with above average temperatures dominating all areas except a few locations in the northeast. Specifically, average temperatures varied from -3°F to 7°F above normal. Daytime highs ranged from 45°F at Eagle Nest to 77°F at Antelope Wells and Carlsbad. Overnight lows varied from -19°F at Eagle Nest to 25°F at NMSU. Monthly moisture totals varied drastically depending on location, with the southwest accumulating above average precipitation to help replenish depleted soil moisture levels that were affected by an extremely dry 2016. The largest precipitation total was reported at Gila Hot Spring, where 2.99 inches of moisture fell during December. Additionally, Animas, Chama, Cloudcroft, and Redrock also recorded over 2 inches of precipitation during the month. Conversely, much of the northeast was extremely dry when compared with normal. Comments from Union County indicated that strong winds coupled with dry weather led to dusty conditions in many wheat pastures resulting in sick calves. In Curry County, reports suggested that wheat condition had declined rapidly in late-December, forcing many producers that were grazing wheat fields to reduce their stocking rates, find additional pastures, sell their cattle, or move them to feed yards. Producers in Dona Ana County were able to harvest 100% of the cabbage crop during the month, while excessive rainfall was slowing the pecan harvest. NEW YORK: Winter is underway in New York. Much of the Empire State received ample snow throughout the month of December 2016, replenishing water reserves that were used up throughout 2016’s drought. Many fields are covered in ice or snow, but are melting as the weather fluctuates. Harvesting of late crops was finally completed. Year-over-year “YOY” corn grain yields are reported as being down 20-40%, but of exceptional quality. YOY soybean yields are reported as being down 15-30%, but of exceptional quality as well. Field activities for the month include late harvesting, tending livestock, trees, and vines, fixing and maintaining machinery and structures, and manure and fertilizer application. NORTH CAROLINA: Days suitable for field work 4.6. Topsoil moisture 0% very short, 7% short, 74% adequate and 19%

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 13 surplus. Subsoil moisture 1% very short, 8% short, 79% adequate and 12% surplus. Barley condition 1% very poor, 15% poor, 58% fair, 25% good and 1% excellent. Oats condition 0% very poor, 1% poor, 39% fair, 59% good and 1% excellent. Winter wheat condition 0% very poor, 5% poor, 25% fair, 51% good and 19% excellent. Pasture and range condition 4% very poor, 42% poor, 32% fair, 21% good and 1% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 6% very short, 21% short, 72% adequate and 1% surplus. Rain has limited field activity. December has been a mild month with warmer than normal temperatures and less than normal precipitation. Most of the counties received between 3.5-4.0 inches of rain during the month. Rains over the past few days have replenished water supplies. Temperatures are normal for time of year. NORTH DAKOTA: Topsoil moisture 2% very short, 6% short, 70% adequate, 22% surplus. Subsoil moisture 2% very short, 6% short, 80% adequate, 12% surplus. Winter wheat condition, 2% very poor, 2% poor, 13% fair, 77% good, 6% excellent. Cattle and calves condition, 1% very poor, 3% poor, 23% fair, 66% good, 7% excellent. Cattle and calves death loss, 4% heavy, 51% average, 45% light. Sheep and lambs condition, 1% very poor, 6% poor, 26% fair, 61% good, 6% excellent. Sheep and lambs death loss, 4% heavy, 45% average, 51% light. Hay and roughage supplies, 1% very short, 12% short, 84% adequate, 5% surplus. Stock water supplies, 1% very short, 10% short, 84% adequate, 5% surplus. Heavy snow across much of the State caused hardship for livestock producers. Multiple winter storms made access to feed and facilities difficult. Temperatures averaged from 2°F above normal to 6°F below normal across the State. OHIO: Topsoil moisture 1% very short, 11% short, 68% adequate, and 20% surplus. Subsoil moisture 1% very short, 21% short, 65% adequate, 13% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 1% poor, 15% fair, 67% good, and 17% excellent. The December 2016 Statewide average temperature was 31.0°F, 0.7°F below normal. Precipitation averaged 3.38 inches Statewide, which was 0.46 inches above normal for the month of December. Most of the State saw decent snow cover on fall planted crops through most of December. Warmer temperatures and rain melted much of the snow at the end of the month. There have not been any hard freezes without adequate snow cover, but more snow will be needed to shield the crop from further cold weather. Wheat appears to be doing well with slightly above average precipitation. Fields are too soggy at the moment for field work. OKLAHOMA: The State experienced cold and dry weather for the month of December. On December 16, a front brought the coldest weather since February 2011, dropping temperatures 60°F in a 24 hour period. According to the OCS Mesonet, the Statewide average temperature was 38.4°F, 0.5 of a point below normal and the 50th coolest December since records began in 1895. Precipitation ranged from 1.48 inches in the Southeast district to 0.46 of an inch in the North Central district. Statewide temperatures averaged in the high 30’s, with the lowest recording of -18°F at Beaver on Sunday, December 18th and the highest recording of 62°F at Broken Bow on Monday, December 26th. Topsoil and subsoil moisture conditions were rated mostly adequate to short. OREGON: The Statewide temperature differential for the month of December ranged from 0°F to 11°F below normal. A low temperature was reported at -20°F Fahrenheit in the northeast region. A high temperature was reported at 60°F Fahrenheit in the northern coastal region. The heavy rains of fall subsided a bit in December as most regions reported average to below average cumulative precipitation. The exceptions were some of the southern regions where better

than average snowfall was reported. December was still wet in the northern coastal region. Grass cover crops had mixed survival. Goose damage was apparent in some fields with newer plantings. In the north central region, winter wheat was in the three leaf to 3 tiller stage under a 3 to 7 inch layer of snow. In the northeast region, the colder than normal temperatures arrived as calving season was about to begin. While snow cover on fall-planted winter wheat eased winter kill concerns, extra precautions were taken to protect newborn calves. In the southwest region, the cold weather kept most orchard, vineyard, and berry crops in deep dormancy. The cold weather was good for knocking down pest populations, especially the spotted wing drosophila. Most growers waited for drier ground and the colder weather to pass before resuming additional pruning operations. The southeast region experienced higher than average snowpack. Total snowpack in the Owyhee Basin was reported at 144% of normal. Portions of Lake County reported significant snow accumulation at higher elevations. Although still early, the 2017 irrigation conditions in the southeast region were off to a promising start compared to the past several years. PENNSYLVANIA: December weather in Pennsylvania was a bit undecided, ranging from cold and snowy (or sunny) to warm and rainy (or clear). Warmer temperatures crept up towards the month’s end greeting the New Year with some brisk but otherwise pleasant weather. Overall, temperatures ranged from a high of 59°F to a low of 14°F with a resulting December average temperature of 39°F. The current lack of snow cover has some concerned about cover crop exposure to a potential freeze while others hope that this will allow rain to permeate and recharge the dry soil. Minimal field activity is expected this time of year but some took advantage of the warmer days to get in field work such as manure hauling. SOUTH CAROLINA: December brought much needed rain to the State and helped bring the annual precipitation significantly closer to the State’s yearly average. Temperatures have been warm for December but there were also a few frosts during the month. In the western part of the State, small grain crops were planted and are benefitting from the rain. The summer drought left many producers having to completely re-seed their pasture and purchase additional hay. In central and eastern South Carolina, many producers focused on clearing debris from fields impacted by Hurricane Matthew with some limited small grains being planted. Pastures and livestock are in good condition with hay readily available. Winter vegetables had an excellent harvest. Average maximum temperatures ranged from the mid-60s in eastern South Carolina to the mid-50s in the west. Average minimum temperatures ranged from the mid-40s in the east to low 30s in west. Precipitation estimates for the month range from 6.10 inches in Bamberg to 2.0 inches in Anderson. SOUTH DAKOTA: Topsoil moisture 3% very short, 16% short, 79% adequate, 2% surplus. Subsoil moisture 4% very short, 22% short, 72% adequate, 2% surplus. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 5% poor, 38% fair, 53% good, and 3% excellent. Stock water supplies 5% very short, 18% short, 74% adequate, 3% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 1% very poor, 12% poor, 83% adequate, and 4% excellent. Cattle and calf conditions 0% very poor, 2% poor, 15% fair, 79% good, and 4% excellent. Cattle and calf death loss 0% heavy, 69% average, 31% light. Sheep and lamb condition 0% very poor, 4% poor, 18% fair, 75% good, and 3% excellent. Sheep and lamb death loss 0% heavy, 74% average, 26% light. Snow, wind, and ice impacted much of the State, according to the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service. A Christmas day blizzard left thousands without power across northeast, north central and western South Dakota. Southeast South Dakota received mostly rain as temperatures remained well above freezing.

14 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017 TENNESSEE: Days suitable 1.8. Topsoil moisture 1% very short, 8% short, 56% adequate, 35% surplus. Subsoil moisture 3% very short, 16% short, 63% adequate, 18% surplus. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 7% poor, 34% fair, 52% good, 6% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 24% very poor, 41% poor, 24% fair, 10% good, 1% excellent. Cattle condition 1% very poor, 7% poor, 41% fair, 44% good, 7% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 17% very short, 22% short, 58% adequate, 3% surplus. Tennessee experienced above normal temperatures and much needed rainfall in December which has helped improve livestock conditions and pasture conditions to some extent. However, pastures are being depleted quickly due the slow growth in the fall. Most operations in the State have begun feeding hay. Hay and roughage supplies are mostly adequate to fair, down significantly from last year at this time. Primary activities for the month include equipment maintenance, soil sampling, and purchasing seed and fertilizer. TEXAS: Precipitation throughout December was above normal across the State. Some areas of the Upper Coast, the Coastal Bend, and the Lower Valley received precipitation slightly above historic averages, however areas of Northeast Texas, the Blacklands, and the Cross Timbers recorded amounts well below normal. Parts of the Upper Coast and South East Texas observed up to 15 inches of rainfall, while the rest of the State received between .5 and 6 inches of precipitation. Some winter wheat suffered in dry areas of the State, while rainfall aided the growth of cool-season grasses in other areas. Across the State, producers continued to prepare cropland for spring planting. UTAH: Topsoil moisture 0% very short, 2% last year; 6% short, 8% last year; 84% adequate, 85% last year; 10% surplus, 5% last year. Subsoil moisture 3% very short, 9% last year; 14% short, 33% last year; 78% adequate, 58% last year; 5% surplus, 0% last year. Pasture and range condition 5% very poor, 2% last year; 10% poor, 11% last year; 40% fair, 34% last year; 43% good, 52% last year; 2% excellent, 1% last year. Winter wheat condition 0% very poor, 0% last year; 0% poor, 2% last year; 38% fair, 29% last year; 60% good, 55% last year; 2% excellent, 14% last year. Hay and roughage supplies 0% very short, 0% last year; 1% short, 0% last year; 66% adequate, 63% last year; 33% surplus year, 37% last year. Stock water supplies 0% very short, 8% last year; 10% short, 15% last year; 85% adequate, 77% last year; 5% surplus, 0% last year. Cattle and calves condition 0% very poor, 0% last year; 0% poor, 0% last year; 11% fair, 18% last year; 85% good, 71% last year; 4% excellent, 11% last year. Sheep and lambs condition 0% very poor, 0% last year; 1% poor, 0% last year; 22% fair, 20% last year; 75% good, 66% last year; 2% excellent, 14% last year. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for cattle 63%, and livestock receiving supplemental feed for sheep 58%. Cows calved at 1% complete. The northern and southwestern parts of the State saw the most precipitation over the last month, while the central southeastern region had very little. VIRGINIA: Barley conditions were 9% poor, 26% fair, 61% good, and 4% excellent. Oats conditions were 11% poor, 51% fair, and 38% good. Winter wheat conditions were 1% very poor, 7% poor, 30% fair, 55% good, and 7% excellent. Livestock conditions were 1% very poor, 7% poor, 32% fair, 54% good, and 6% excellent. Pasture and range conditions were 9% very poor, 33% poor, 25% fair, 28% good, and 5% excellent. Percent of feed obtained from pastures 25%. December was a relatively mild and warm for this time of year. Rains were welcomed and improved conditions on most farms. Still many farmers began feeding hay already as the rain was too late to improve the grazing conditions. Farm activities this

month included conducting farm maintenance, soil sampling, and purchasing seeds and fertilizers. WASHINGTON: The winter started out both cold and wet, with snow in the mix. Temperatures dropped to as low as -14°F Fahrenheit in the northeast region, while the highest temperature was reported at 55°F Fahrenheit in the central region. Average temperatures were all below freezing, except in the west, for most of December. The highest reported precipitation was in the western region at 9.42 inches while the lowest reported precipitation was in the east central region at 0.18 inch. In the west, cold temperatures were met with some precipitation. The cold weather hindered Christmas tree farms earlier in the month, with lowland fields filled with standing water. The cold and wet weather slowed field work to a halt, impacting cranberry field progress and leaving late pumpkins to rot. Other farmers were concerned that the cold weather would damage the raspberries and blueberries. In the central and eastern regions, the winter weather change was well received with increased moisture and the cold coverage provided by the snow for the winter wheat. While the snow provided coverage, it was considered minimal. Two cold snaps were reported, but the snow provided some protection. Prior to the cold snaps, workers were able to make good progress pruning and training fruits, grapes, and hops. As a result, the preparations prevented or limited crop damage. With increased wind levels paired with the cold weather, work halted until conditions improved. Lastly, most livestock were placed on full feed due to winter conditions. WEST VIRGINIA: Topsoil moisture was 1% very short, 8% short, 73% adequate, and 18% surplus. Subsoil moisture was 1% very short, 15% short, 73% adequate, and 11% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies were 1% very short, 4% short, 94% adequate, and 1% surplus. Feed grain supplies were 1% short, 98% adequate, and 1% surplus. Winter wheat conditions were 14% poor, 48% fair, 30% good, and 8% excellent. Cattle and calves were 1% poor, 11% fair, 85% good, and 3% excellent. Sheep and lambs were 1% poor, 15% fair, 82% good, and 2% excellent. Weather this month has been a mix of fluctuating temperatures and precipitation forms including rain, snow and sleet. Farming activities for the month included preparing for winter weather and pruning deciduous tree fruits, except for peaches. WISCONSIN: December temperatures at the five major weather stations ranged from 0.7°F below normal to 2.9°F above normal. Average highs ranged from 25.2°F in Eau Claire to 31.5°F in Milwaukee, while average lows ranged from 13.2 to 20.1°F in those same cities. Precipitation ranged from 1.93 inches in Milwaukee to 2.25 inches in Green Bay. Green Bay received the most snowfall out of the major cities with 23.1 inches. Milwaukee received the least, with 18.8 inches of snow for the month. All five locations reported above average snowfall for December, but warm and rainy weather late in the month resulted in below average snow cover at all locations. Reporters expressed some concern about winter damage to winter wheat and alfalfa. By the end of the month almost all corn was harvested, though Northern and Central Wisconsin reported some still standing. Some producers were having issues finding storage for their crop. WYOMING: Topsoil moisture 11% very short, 42% short, 44% adequate, 3% surplus. Subsoil moisture 10% very short, 38% short, 52% adequate. Winter wheat condition 18% very poor, 22% poor, 40% fair, 16% good, 4% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 1% very short, 16% short, 76% adequate, 7% surplus. Livestock condition 1% very poor, 3% poor, 17% fair, 77% good, 2% excellent. Stock water supplies 14% very short, 14% short, 71% adequate, 1% surplus. Pasture and range condition 4% very poor, 18% poor, 34% fair, 44% good.

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 15

COUNTRY CITY

AVG AVG HI LO DEP DEPMAX MIN MAX MIN AVG NRM TOT NRM

ALGERI ALGER 19 9 21 4 14 1.9 194 104BATNA 14 3 17 -5 9 2 9 -22

ARGENT IGUAZU 30 20 34 13 25 -0.5 152 -33FORMOSA 31 22 37 15 27 0 268 111CERES 31 19 40 14 25 0.7 111 -39CORDOBA 30 16 37 8 23 -0.1 152 -11RIO CUARTO 30 17 38 10 23 1.1 66 -90ROSARIO 31 18 38 11 24 1.2 138 30BUENOS AIRES 30 17 36 8 24 1.8 92 6SANTA ROSA 33 15 38 6 24 1.5 14 -88TRES ARROYOS 31 15 37 7 23 3 34 -58

AUSTRA DARWIN 32 26 35 24 29 0 197 -79BRISBANE 27 22 29 19 24 0.3 121 4PERTH 29 15 43 9 22 -0.1 7 0CEDUNA 28 16 42 5 22 1.1 0 -18ADELAIDE 26 15 39 9 21 0.3 4 -20MELBOURNE 26 13 39 6 19 1.6 38 -8WAGGA 31 16 38 7 24 2 57 7CANBERRA 29 14 34 7 21 2.4 65 18

AUSTRI VIENNA 3 -2 14 -9 1 -0.1 41 1INNSBRUCK 6 -5 11 -9 0 0.5 5 -50

BAHAMA NASSAU 28 22 30 17 25 2.6 21 -36BARBAD BRIDGETOWN 29 25 31 22 27 1 134 30BELARU MINSK 0 -3 6 -11 -1 2.1 46 -5BERMUD ST GEORGES 22 18 25 14 20 0.2 94 -15BOLIVI LA PAZ 17 4 21 1 10 1 83 -67BRAZIL FORTALEZA 31 26 32 24 28 -0.1 36 1

RECIFE 30 26 32 24 28 -0.7 26 -15CAMPO GRANDE 29 21 32 16 25 -0.7 157 -53FRANCA 29 19 31 15 24 1.5 156 -89RIO DE JANEIRO 31 23 38 19 27 0.9 73 -64LONDRINA 31 20 35 15 26 2.2 172 -74SANTA MARIA 31 20 37 12 25 1 132 15TORRES 27 20 35 13 24 -1.1 223 131

BULGAR SOFIA 4 -4 13 -11 0 -0.9 5 -36BURKIN OUAGADOUGOU 35 19 40 16 27 1.9 0 -1CANADA TORONTO 1 -5 10 -14 -2 1.1 77 17

MONTREAL -1 -8 9 -24 -5 1.7 105 27WINNIPEG -10 -17 1 -31 -13 1.2 0 -17REGINA -9 -17 1 -32 -13 -0.2 0 -16SASKATOON -9 -18 1 -31 -14 0.6 0 -16LETHBRIDGE *** *** *** *** *** ***** ***** ******CALGARY -6 -15 7 -27 -11 -3.4 23 11VANCOUVER 4 -2 9 -9 1 -2.7 158 -16

CANARY LAS PALMAS 22 17 28 15 20 1 17 -12CHILE SANTIAGO 29 13 37 10 21 1.2 15 13CHINA HARBIN -9 -18 5 -26 -13 1 1 -5

HAMI 2 -10 8 -17 -4 3.4 5 3BEIJING 5 -4 11 -8 1 1.7 0 -3TIENTSIN 5 -3 11 -8 1 1.4 5 0LHASA 12 -5 19 -8 4 4.4 0 ******KUNMING 16 6 20 2 11 2.3 9 -6CHENGCHOW 10 2 21 -4 6 3.9 25 15YEHCHANG 12 5 23 0 9 1 30 12HANKOW 12 3 20 -3 8 0.9 61 36CHUNGKING 13 10 18 7 12 2.1 14 -9CHIHKIANG 13 5 22 0 9 1.3 77 48WU HU 12 4 20 -2 8 2.4 67 32SHANGHAI 13 6 20 -2 10 1.7 49 11NANCHANG 14 7 20 2 11 2.6 32 -9TAIPEI 23 19 30 13 21 2.6 16 -55CANTON 22 13 27 5 17 1.8 3 -28NANNING 22 12 27 5 17 1.6 5 -20

COLOMB BOGOTA 20 8 22 2 14 0.9 112 66COTE D ABIDJAN 32 26 32 23 29 1.3 85 10CUBA HAVANA 29 19 32 13 24 1.7 0 -51CYPRUS LARNACA 17 8 22 2 12 -1 109 37CZECHR PRAGUE 3 -1 11 -7 1 0.7 32 6DENMAR COPENHAGEN 7 3 12 -5 5 2.7 41 -5EGYPT CAIRO 19 12 23 9 16 0.1 6 1Based on Preliminary Reports

International Weather and Crop SummaryTEMPERATURE

( C ) (MM)PRECIP.

EUROPE: Mostly dry, mild weather maintainedfavorable conditions for dormant winter crops acrosscentral and northern Europe.

FSU-WESTERN: Dormant winter wheat remainedsufficiently insulated by widespread snow cover.

MIDDLE EAST: Widespread rain and snowboosted moisture supplies for dormant (north) tovegetative (south) winter grains.

NORTHWEST AFRICA: Sunny skies promotedwinter grain development following recent rain inMorocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

SOUTHEAST ASIA: Typhoon Nock-Ten broughtdrenching rainfall to the northern Philippines but didlittle damage to rice and corn.

AUSTRALIA: Widespread showers in thesoutheast stalled winter grain harvesting.

SOUTH AFRICA: Showers provided timelymoisture for summer crop germination in westernsections of the corn belt.

ARGENTINA: Locally heavy showers improvedtopsoil moisture in most corn, soybean, and cottonareas.

BRAZIL: Rain benefited southern corn andsoybeans but warmth and dryness dominatedsoybean and cotton areas farther north.

December 25-31, 2016International Weather and Crop Highlights and Summaries

provided by USDA/WAOB

December 2016

16 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

COUNTRY CITY COUNTRY CITY

AVG AVG HI LO DEP DEP AVG AVG HI LO DEP DEPMAX MIN MAX MIN AVG NRM TOT NRM MAX MIN MAX MIN AVG NRM TOT NRM

ASWAN 23 10 29 7 17 -0.5 0 0 MOZAMB MAPUTO 31 23 44 20 27 1.1 161 68ESTONI TALLINN 2 -1 8 -10 1 2.8 32 -29 N KORE PYONGYANG 3 -4 11 -12 -1 1.9 59 41ETHIOP ADDIS ABABA 21 *** 25 5 *** ***** 0 -18 NEW CA NOUMEA 28 22 30 20 25 0.1 9 -70F GUIA CAYENNE 30 24 33 22 27 1.1 432 98 NIGER NIAMEY 35 20 38 17 28 2.8 0 0FIJI NAUSORI 29 23 33 21 26 0.7 967 707 NORWAY OSLO 1 -2 8 -9 -1 4.1 31 -32FINLAN HELSINKI 1 -3 7 -13 -1 2.2 19 -38 NZEALA AUCKLAND 22 14 25 11 18 ***** 33 ******FRANCE PARIS/ORLY 7 1 11 -6 4 -0.8 16 -43 WELLINGTON 19 13 24 8 16 ***** 77 ******

STRASBOURG 4 -1 11 -6 2 -1.2 4 -42 P RICO SAN JUAN 30 24 32 22 27 1.6 102 -14BOURGES 7 0 13 -5 4 -0.8 15 -49 PAKIST KARACHI 31 16 34 14 23 3.3 0 -4BORDEAUX 12 5 16 -2 8 1.3 14 -92 PERU LIMA 25 19 28 17 22 0.9 0 0TOULOUSE 12 3 16 -2 7 0.9 6 -44 PHILIP MANILA 31 25 34 23 28 1.2 99 36MARSEILLE 14 4 18 -2 9 1.5 14 -37 PNEWGU PORT MORESBY 30 25 33 24 28 0.7 199 77

GABON LIBREVILLE 30 25 31 22 27 0.8 359 24 POLAND WARSAW 3 -1 10 -7 1 1.4 63 27GERMAN HAMBURG 6 3 11 -5 5 2.0 67 -11 LODZ 3 -1 10 -9 1 1.4 82 38

BERLIN 5 2 12 -5 3 1.4 49 -6 KATOWICE 2 -2 9 -9 0 0.5 44 -4DUSSELDORF 7 2 11 -8 5 0.6 23 -53 PORTUG LISBON 15 10 18 6 12 0.6 112 13LEIPZIG 5 0 12 -7 3 1.1 15 -25 ROMANI BUCHAREST 5 -5 13 -11 0 -0.4 3 -36DRESDEN 5 1 12 -7 3 1.0 47 4 RUSSIA ST.PETERSBURG 0 -3 6 -13 -1 2.6 38 -10STUTTGART 5 -2 11 -8 2 -0.1 6 -49 KAZAN -9 -13 0 -27 -11 -2.7 41 4NURNBERG 4 -1 11 -9 1 0.1 7 -45 MOSCOW -3 -6 1 -19 -5 0.6 52 3AUGSBURG 3 -2 10 -8 1 -0.2 2 -51 YEKATERINBURG -13 -17 -3 -33 -15 -4.5 27 2

GREECE THESSALONIKA 10 1 17 -5 6 -1.2 1 -47 OMSK -13 -19 1 -36 -16 -2.7 51 21LARISSA 10 -1 15 -7 5 -1.8 5 -42 BARNAUL -7 -14 3 -32 -11 1.8 46 18ATHENS 12 6 18 0 9 -2.4 23 -34 KHABAROVSK -13 -21 0 -29 -17 0.5 8 -9

GUADEL RAIZET 30 23 30 20 26 1.2 208 71 VLADIVOSTOK -5 -10 7 -19 -8 1.2 27 13HONGKO HONG KONG INT 23 18 27 11 21 2.3 10 -15 VOLGOGRAD -5 -10 2 -27 -7 -2.5 55 17HUNGAR BUDAPEST 3 -3 13 -9 0 -0.8 1 -37 ASTRAKHAN -2 -6 4 -22 -4 -1.9 17 3ICELAN REYKJAVIK 5 2 10 -5 4 3.7 117 35 ORENBURG -10 -16 -1 -32 -13 -4.1 46 12INDIA AMRITSAR 23 7 27 3 15 2.0 0 -12 S AFRI JOHANNESBURG 26 15 31 12 21 1.6 150 35

NEW DELHI 24 10 27 7 17 1.2 0 -9 DURBAN 27 21 32 17 24 0.7 53 -62AHMEDABAD 31 14 34 11 23 1.2 0 -2 CAPE TOWN 27 16 33 10 21 1.4 18 -2INDORE 28 11 31 9 20 0.6 0 -5 S KORE SEOUL 6 -2 14 -10 2 1.2 63 40CALCUTTA 27 15 29 11 21 0.5 0 -12 SAMOA PAGO PAGO 31 26 33 25 28 0.7 363 23VERAVAL 32 18 35 15 25 1.4 0 ****** SENEGA DAKAR 28 22 34 19 25 2.3 0 -5BOMBAY 34 18 36 15 26 0.5 0 ****** SPAIN VALLADOLID 9 2 14 -6 5 0.3 13 -40POONA 30 12 34 8 21 0.9 0 -7 MADRID 13 3 17 -5 8 1.1 28 -19BEGAMPET 30 15 32 11 23 1.2 1 -4 SEVILLE 18 9 22 4 13 1.0 63 -37VISHAKHAPATNAM 30 21 33 19 26 1.4 1 -7 SWITZE ZURICH 3 -1 8 -4 1 -0.3 1 -79MADRAS 30 21 31 19 25 0.3 397 214 GENEVA 4 -1 10 -6 2 -1.1 0 -86MANGALORE 33 21 36 19 27 0.0 2 -13 SYRIA DAMASCUS 12 3 16 -4 7 -0.1 44 0

INDONE SERANG 32 25 34 23 28 0.8 169 -27 TAHITI PAPEETE 31 25 33 24 28 1.4 194 -144IRELAN DUBLIN 10 4 15 -2 7 1.0 42 -34 TANZAN DAR ES SALAAM 33 25 34 24 29 1.6 27 -76ITALY MILAN 8 1 20 -4 4 1.0 3 -51 THAILA PHITSANULOK 32 21 34 17 26 1.6 0 -6

VENICE *** *** 15 -5 *** ***** ***** ****** BANGKOK 33 25 36 22 29 2.5 0 -5GENOA 14 9 21 4 11 1.5 29 -55 TOGO LOME 32 26 33 23 29 2.0 0 -9ROME 15 4 19 -1 10 0.1 18 -65 TRINID PORT OF SPAIN 32 23 34 22 28 1.7 167 32NAPLES 15 5 18 -1 10 0.0 3 -106 TUNISI TUNIS 18 11 22 6 14 1.6 131 68

JAMAIC KINGSTON 32 24 33 23 28 1.5 3 -33 TURKEY ISTANBUL 8 3 14 -2 6 -2.6 97 6JAPAN SAPPORO 2 -4 12 -9 -1 0.0 212 106 ANKARA 2 -6 10 -13 -2 -2.9 26 -20

NAGOYA 13 5 18 0 9 2.0 95 57 TURKME ASHKHABAD 10 3 25 -4 6 1.5 26 4TOKYO 14 5 20 0 9 1.0 85 45 UKINGD ABERDEEN 9 3 15 -5 6 2.1 26 -51YOKOHAMA 14 7 20 2 11 1.9 92 44 LONDON 10 4 15 -4 7 1.1 10 -45KYOTO 12 5 18 0 9 1.3 95 48 UKRAIN KIEV 0 -4 7 -11 -2 0.2 52 11OSAKA 13 7 21 2 10 1.4 106 68 LVOV 1 -4 7 -12 -2 0.0 74 24

KAZAKH KUSTANAY -12 -19 0 -38 -15 -3.4 33 9 KIROVOGRAD -1 -5 6 -13 -3 -0.3 31 -1TSELINOGRAD -7 -13 3 -30 -10 1.6 49 28 ODESSA 2 -2 12 -9 0 -1.2 13 -24KARAGANDA -6 -11 4 -21 -9 2.3 41 18 KHARKOV -3 -7 5 -18 -5 -1.5 56 18

KENYA NAIROBI 26 15 28 11 21 1.1 18 -55 UZBEKI TASHKENT 10 3 20 -5 6 2.5 89 37LITHUA KAUNAS 2 -1 9 -9 0 1.8 62 14 VIETNA HANOI *** *** 30 23 *** ***** ***** ******LUXEMB LUXEMBOURG 4 0 9 -6 2 0.0 8 -79 YUGOSL BELGRADE 4 -1 13 -6 1 -1.7 2 -50MALAYS KUALA LUMPUR 32 24 35 22 28 1.8 259 13 ZAMBIA LUSAKA 27 19 33 17 23 0.6 49 -102MALI BAMAKO 33 19 39 15 26 0.9 0 -1 ZIMBAB KADOMA 28 18 35 17 23 -0.8 309 133MARSHA MAJURO 29 26 31 24 28 0.6 276 -6MARTIN LAMENTIN 30 24 31 21 27 1.7 236 67MAURIT NOUAKCHOTT 31 17 40 12 24 2.1 1 -2MEXICO GUADALAJARA 24 10 26 5 17 1.5 0 -17

TLAXCALA 22 8 25 4 15 2.1 7 2ORIZABA 23 15 30 11 19 3.2 120 77

MOROCC CASABLANCA 20 11 26 6 15 1.7 70 -8MARRAKECH 19 8 23 4 14 0.7 25 3

Based on Preliminary Reports

(MM) (MM)TEMPERATURE

( C )TEMPERATURE

( C )PRECIP. PRECIP.

December 2016

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 17

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

A stationary area of high pressure maintained dry, mild weather across central and western portions of the continent. Sunny skies and near- to above-normal temperatures were favorable for dormant winter wheat and rapeseed from France and southeastern England into southern Germany and the northern Balkans. Dry weather also prevailed across the Mediterranean region, promoting seasonal fieldwork and winter grain development. However, moisture remained

limited for vegetative wheat and barley in northern Spain, with localized but pronounced short-term drought adversely impacting crop development in Castilla y León. Farther east, light rain and wet snow (3-30 mm, locally more) maintained favorable moisture reserves for dormant winter crops from eastern Germany into the Baltic States, though these typically colder crop areas remained devoid of a protective snow cover at week’s end.

EUROPE

18 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

Dormant winter wheat remained insulated from potential bitter cold by snow cover. Primary winter crop areas from central Ukraine into southern and central Russia remained

covered by 5 to 20 cm of snow, while northern crop areas (Russia’s Central and Volga Districts) were under 10 to 25 cm of snow at week’s end.

WESTERN FSU

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 19

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

Unsettled weather prevailed, though temperatures moderated across much of the region. A stationary storm system continued to produce moderate to heavy rain (10-100 mm, locally more) over the eastern Mediterranean Coast and environs, further increasing soil moisture for vegetative winter grains. However, the rain likely caused flooding, particularly in typically-arid areas of northeastern Africa. In Turkey, moderate to heavy rain and snow (10-100 mm liquid equivalent, locally more along the south coast) boosted moisture reserves, especially on the previously-dry Anatolian Plateau (a key wheat and barley region). Snow covered much

of Turkey by week’s end, though amounts were highly variable, ranging from 5 to more than 50 cm. In Iraq and western Iran, another round of beneficial rain and mountain snow (10-60 mm liquid equivalent, locally more) improved soil moisture for winter grain development following a dry autumn. However, precipitation amounts in northeastern Iran were much less (4-10 mm), leaving this part of the country still in need of moisture for crop development. Temperatures averaged 3 to 7°C above normal from eastern Turkey into Iran, while chilly conditions (up to 4°C below normal) lingered in western Turkey.

MIDDLE EAST

20 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

Sunny skies and near-normal temperatures promoted winter grain development following recent protracted rainfall in most major productions areas. The wet weather, which began in mid-November, alleviated autumn dryness and drought which had settled over Morocco and Algeria, though northeastern portions of Algeria are still wrestling with lingering

precipitation deficits. Crop conditions in Morocco and western Algeria are vastly improved over last year, and current winter grain yield prospects are in line to show a substantial improvement year to year. In Tunisia, dryness has not been an issue; consequently, winter wheat and barley prospects remained good to excellent.

NORTHWESTERN AFRICA

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 21

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

Typhoon Nock-Ten crossed the Philippines early in the period, producing rainfall amounts between 100 to 200 mm (locally over 300 mm) across eastern Luzon. The rainfall caused localized flooding but was generally beneficial for winter rice and corn grown in the interior. Rainfall amounts were lower (less than 100 mm) in central (Visayas) and southern (Mindanao) sections of the country where less rice and corn are grown this time of year. Meanwhile, unseasonably heavy showers (50-150 mm) continued in central Vietnam, maintaining excessively wet conditions in relatively minor

crop areas. Farther south, seasonably heavy showers (25-100 mm, locally more) in Malaysia and eastern Indonesia maintained favorable moisture conditions for oil palm; parts of western Malaysia continued to experience moisture deficits, though. In addition, heavy showers (50-100 mm, locally over 200 mm) in much of Java, Indonesia, kept rice well watered. Portions of western Java have experienced below-normal rainfall for much of December, but despite the recent dryness, seasonal (since August 1) rainfall was 50 percent above the long-term average.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

22 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

In the wake of last week’s beneficial rainfall, isolated showers (locally around 5 mm) provided little additional moisture for summer crops in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Farther south, widespread showers (10-50 mm or more) overspread much of southeastern Australia, stalling winter grain harvesting and likely raising some concerns about local crop quality. Although the rain was unwelcome for harvesting, the wet weather was unlikely to have a significant impact on final crop yields. In Western Australia, showers (5-20 mm) were confined primarily to southern coastal areas, potentially

slowing local fieldwork. Most of the wheat belt remained dry, however, allowing winter crop harvesting to proceed with little delay. Temperatures in Western Australia averaged about 2 to 3ºC below normal. In contrast, temperatures in southern and eastern Australia averaged about 2 to 6ºC above normal. Temperatures rose throughout the week in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, with maximum temperatures ranging from the middle 30s to lower 40s degrees C by week’s end. The gradual increase in heat accelerated summer crop development and slowly increased crop water requirements.

AUSTRALIA

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 23

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

Showers overspread the corn belt, maintaining generally favorable prospects for emerging to vegetative summer crops. Most areas recorded rainfall totaling 10 to 50 mm, with higher amounts in North West and portions of Free State. The rain in North West and neighboring locations in Gauteng and Free State was particularly timely for newly-sown crops and reduced the likelihood of late plantings. Weekly temperatures averaging near to slightly below normal accompanied the moisture, with daytime highs generally capped in the lower

30s (degrees C). The wet, relatively cool weather extended eastward into irrigated sugarcane areas of eastern Mpumalanga and northern KwaZulu-Natal but unseasonable dryness continued in rain-fed sugarcane areas of southern KwaZulu-Natal. Meanwhile, scattered showers (5-25 mm, locally higher) increased irrigation reserves for corn and cotton in the Orange River Valley. Dry, warmer-than-normal weather (daytime highs approaching 40°C in spots) spurred rapid development of tree and vine crops in Western Cape.

SOUTH AFRICA

24 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 4, 2017

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

Beneficial rain continued across much of Argentina, further increasing moisture for summer crops in key production areas. Most areas recorded rainfall totaling 10 to 50 mm, with higher amounts (50 to 140 mm) concentrated over central and northeastern farming areas (northern Buenos Aires and Cordoba to Corrientes). In contrast, drier conditions persisted in southern farming areas of La Pampa and Buenos Aires, favoring rapid winter grain harvesting but limiting moisture for germination of second-crop soybeans. Weekly temperatures averaged 3 to 5°C above normal (daytime highs reaching the upper 30s degrees C on

several days) in the drier southern locations, exacerbating the impact of the dryness on emerged corn and first-crop soybeans. Weekly average temperatures were 1 to 2°C above normal in most other agricultural areas, with daytime highs exceeding 40°C in Santiago del Estero and northern Cordoba both before and after the rain. According to the government of Argentina, corn and soybeans were 73 and 83 percent planted, respectively, as of December 29, slightly lagging last year’s pace. Meanwhile, wheat was 84 percent harvested (versus 75 percent last year), an increase of 9 points from the previous week.

ARGENTINA

January 4, 2017 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 25

For additional information contact: mbrusberg@oce.usda.gov

Beneficial rain maintained generally favorable conditions for corn and soybeans in the main production areas of southern Brazil. Aside from a pocket of dryness centered over western Santa Catarina, rainfall totaled 25 to 50 mm — locally higher — from Rio Grande do Sul northward through western Sao Paulo. According to reports emanating from Rio Grande do Sul, a portion of the soybeans and corn in that state had reached reproduction as of December 29, making the continuation of rainfall timely. The moisture was also favorable for sugarcane, coffee, and citrus in Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. However, above-normal temperatures (daytime highs reaching the middle 30s

degrees C) in the aforementioned areas maintained high crop moisture demands. Farther north, light to moderate rain (15-50 mm) fell in Mato Grosso but a generally drier pattern dominated the remainder of the Center-West (notably northern Mato Grosso do Sul and Goias), as well as northeastern Brazil, reducing moisture for soybeans and cotton. Unseasonable warmth accompanied the dryness, with daytime highs reaching the upper 30s in spots. It was the second week of general warmth and dryness in the northeastern interior (western Bahia, Tocantins, and southern farming areas of Piaui and Maranhao), raising concern for potential stress to vulnerable crops.

BRAZIL

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Snow DepthDecember 31, 2016

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0Snow analysis and data (plotted values, in inches) are provided by NOAA’s National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC).

Agricultural Weather AssessmentsWorld Agricultural Outlook Board

Winter Wheat Area

The Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin (ISSN 0043-1974) is jointly prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Publication began in 1872 as the Weekly Weather Chronicle. It is issued under general authority of the Act of January 12, 1895 (44-USC 213), 53rd Congress, 3rd Session. The contents may be redistributed freely with proper credit. Correspondence to the meteorologists should be directed to: Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin, NOAA/USDA, Joint Agricultural Weather Facility, USDA South Building, Room 4443B, Washington, DC 20250. Internet URL: http://www.usda.gov/oce/weather E-mail address: brippey@oce.usda.gov The Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin and archives are maintained on the following USDA Internet URL: http://www.usda.gov/oce/weather/pubs/Weekly/Wwcb/index.htm

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE World Agricultural Outlook Board Managing Editor............................Brad Rippey (202) 720-2397 Production Editor..........................Brian Morris (202) 720-3062 International Editor...................Mark Brusberg (202) 720-2012 Editorial Advisor..................................................Charles Wilbur Agricultural Weather Analysts......................... Harlan Shannon and Eric Luebehusen National Agricultural Statistics Service Agricultural Statistician and State Summaries Editor…..…..……. Scott Matthews (202) 720-7621 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service/Climate Prediction Center Meteorologists........David Miskus, Brad Pugh, Adam Allgood,

and Randy Schechter

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