Vol6 No3y 15June 1992

DEM R~ ACTIONJournal of the Institute ff~ JaSouth Afr ica • n

'" A lternat iveDemocra rc

The 12eo121eneed to'KNOW

Idasa book takes Rapport prizeA Il(X)I( pUblish<.-<l by Idasa Ia, t ~ear. ",Ilk" b''''ks new ground inSourh Afrit.on histery, hM bffiI .w.rd....J. the 1991 Rappon prize fur

"",,·fiction in Afrikoan•.Oi, 0",/,. 00,108 1m Mapo<" by joumal;"l

Han' Pi"""., tr..,,,, the ori!!i'" of 1M uprisingi1l Kw. Ndebele in 1M m,d·19flOs back to lwo(well ' oveted up) wars b<'Iw..... the br andNdebm p<'Ople in tilt !a..1= tury,

One 01 the judg... Dr )0"'-" von Wyk 0/ theUniv ity 01 Durlt.uf.W",tville, MY' the rookmax significant C011tributi"" to the grnerolhi,loric.l Te<:ord In Soulh Africa, containingnew in/m",. ti"" and anal!,,;" not ",fleered in""". map' English·language hislon.._

• Se. IYport on rag. 5

Starved of information about our future.. ..

To eece e

mrdia are lundrd by the puhlic, a spo-­dal responsibility resl s on lhe SAOC',lelevi,ion and radio ,ervlce , . TheSABC's performance has been poor.Apart from full coverage of lhe twoplenary sessions, reporting of Cod"",has been 'poradic, uneven, boring andunsophisticated. It appears tha t manyof those invol ved wi th the newS

right 10 know what kind of peopk I rein governm en t, wha r powe.. lheyexercise. w oa l poliCIes they pursueand so on ,

Crucial to lhe righl 10 know is anopenness of approach by the powerluland the dUly of lhe media is 10 informthe public. I n a co un try in whic hroughly half lhe adwt popwa tion can·not read or wri te and lhe electronic

South AIric.', constitutional future i' lleing, ronnw.ted virtually behInd dos"" doon, byan unell'Cled leadership .t th. merting'01 Cod es•. Most South Africans h.ve Hul.l nowledg., let alone critic.l underslanding, of

; the whole proct'S' of constitutiOIldl negotiationsIwhich is laking rla~ al the ap!ly cboso>n World' Tl1ldeCentre.

~Some Soulh Africans probably don'l ca"" but

' the majority would ill.e 10 be given some infor·ma lion on wh o is deciding l!leir future. how th")'are operating , whar they are discussing, etc.Gi""" lhe ostensible and somi'times vocal andreal commilment 01 most of the participatingramO'S 10 democracy and lhe goal of the enlireen l..-pri M' _ a democntic SA _ lh. fact lhat"""", A boltNy of !til'di<> ,. ,,,,, , mos' <1 So.,h A(riCII mtI/l;", is"Q'''''' ofthe "'Sot;"tW" P'"f"XS$

the literale and inlem ted public is sta rved of -""-"'- T",,,,,,

iII/onnation is notlting short of scand alous,How has lhe SItuation rome about? I would suggest

that there are two mam groups of culprits, each 01 whichis lI!\COn<WTIed aboul this maUer for . ,ang. of diversereasons.

The Iirsl group comists 01 the media - both wriU""and spo ken. One of the founding pillars of d.mocracy isthe accountability of tbe go.'ernors to lheir . ubjectsBelw...n popular elections. the chief me an. th roughwhich Iccountlbility is .ought is through lhe public' s

WINm _Ie, notpow., count?

~ PAOI 9 - - PAOI 21-

--"

Two houses to lakeawayw. heu rt.M ..... only did Ilw~OAU~_ blay~ ill uponm..tol'.,fi••g moIIo. buI(l'fWII~

hNdI'd out into tubu1tu.to writ On.dm'l' IhnJugh Pmori.o one ~tion

..................rd 10 buy...., """"" ­Wlil>out""' g<'ftIlI£ out '" wW"-a-- N" ....... -,. ..... .. .,.....,."S.

bnk... ,,' hi!llrU<k f.,lI'd, On<' whilemoI<Jri>l w"" "" ltI'.lolul II> lht dri.... for...",ng hIS IJho thol "" promptly oIfnod ~

611ing now.A! - .n invil.tlion 10 at>r.....'!rio._ M+ .....'" _ ,.. '", .,"' ,. a.. , ' 0101.'

Ja-Nee

Anxious for an angleA phoPo-ull by.n SABC ftllM....,.n.­""'" thot. Bll(·ntn lr.lII,ng <OIJt";O'- for IIIhnainl ~ loLKtJ raJ w joumolbto in ~n

SAllC "'-'dill in Cop" T....-n w,.. to train

ANC """"~ go"~ A.S.... ' I'po.II'.Willl'm SlI't'l\U mp thr 5<\'111 of • good'ilo'1'. How,,,,..-, J...pit< ro n/i. m. lion loy •.....io< SAll( offi<iitl.nd tlw BOC train..­lhot 1M <00..... N d nvthing10 do with Ih<",...e . IIw A'J.' "'J'Orl fo<ustod orron gl~ ""w l\lllkJlU 01 SAil( AIl 'irty.• N..,..,.", ... f_ ,.1 ,. ,......., at & ,.....,

.~

. , . • . , . . . ' . ro' =-;-;-:;,-~""'

The politics ofthe pllsener0Vl'rdrinb.1• n'U'nt Id~ ronf""''''...., •PAC d~Itg. 1l' off"~ ........... fur Iu.cho.>ia' <If bo:v...ge. t l. 'd. h. "" a bo>er, tIM><4W with 1MiI'Ii!i.lh thol 0WId for "~.10 A N<'W South Atoo",_ M.....,s-n_'.,,,....,;. """,.. i..•

Braalvlels bondingA 'l0ick-<"iI\ki~~k lfU(kdriw r ..vedldl<>w molomlS from cMain loMou8in jury l1'<l"/Illywlw1l M fIW\olged 10 ~mid.......tuns inIu ~ numIl.-o 01 ta", . f1... I....

•:- . ' . .... ' . , . .. .' . . . , , .

Strictly speakingTrad.bdNIly tt.!>A1tC Iw. tIad • rip>rouspoIicv 1IO _lMo>nKt pronwriolion

of~ .......... 1""""""'- wlwn it """"".......... own t.t.y......1IW>dud. ......... 1O

ohr~ TV oommo'ftW)' "" 1MColnndno Mot.tIw>ll "'J"'"wdly ,d .. ,od 10' 1<Ip \1m iN'dlJllOI ..-uhw wry rna.."""

--"'''''........ (~Mok_l.to~~,

- :n-"' _ t- _ _ ,.......-Dubious distinctionAnd will onwComr~ Morat""",, t1w­anuud ""'""' ,.... romJI\<"flt.ll"", . b.",t how~ tuck f\l/l,,", tIad dOOl' Il. t.lklo m.... 01tM fio.110 p".rti" ... "wI' tI ...",nd .. iftill' ~th",," wt'II' IIt'WCO""''' to I""country k1 . 10....11M> . p",t_ 11'11 ,. h . u,lIjJ, /<0. ,'" .,.;.. , '" ,",c........... ,. ""...pIt.

" TJli! AIiC 71I~A TPF M,fSS Ac.TIO N

. Y"~cK. s or A rounl:AL•. Ii'lFEmt:/TYtu1f'La,,,

EDrroRl"l STAfl' Ru.l~.Suo \ '..........~ Edw"",",-...,u..... _ _ M.1 __ b<

;" _"...00.=.••• ....--., ... 1'I\J),

" " TlONAL OFFlC£ tWl_.l......-.._,~.

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CT<l o;n. ClU7, f .. '77' ....'

WlSTa'li C"1'E 5<10 Fl<aoo. ",",-u-­M' ' . -'C_ r--a.. 1nJ1(Wml·~I'u"'I_1

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PoIlT E\UIl8f1li fct.l..~ fb>r. 5toh<Wd, _ , )oM ""Ill_ ,Pt4l f ,Uubolh,soor (1""1141_IDJol /l, f., 'l%2.'I87l

EAST LONOON ,s...,,..j ~...... ,G\;'",,,,,,,Houo<, (;1:' ...__. EaM 1~0I<l "", 5201(1".1()(I1I_ U1041; F.. . -'......21

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EDITORIAL

We were getting there ­what's gone wrong?

II all looked so promising a few months ago. What's gont'wrong? Hen: are' I.... <lopa"'!"h1e rea50no fotttle prefienl situ­ation whICh has causro so much an.it'ty and concPm.Fir~Hy. many naively believed in almost inevilable progress

toward, nonn.lily, as if the negoliation proce55 "'ould movesteadily <lut of the valley of discord and distru.llo JIl'W vislas ofunderstanding .lod acceptance, All of us, in our "ptim~'m, hope­jesslv und"""timat>'d the smouldering anger which is the con_quroceof k'ng years of "'I''''<s;oo, racism and at>,ect I'''':erty.

The failure Of COOl'!la Ulo deliver is a pdinfu1 mnindrr of thelegacy of aJ'drtheid and the n 'Ii to build trust in lhe midst ofconflict. [n the long term, theb kdown should d<'Stroy the C'O:Iyd uh alm""ph.... 0/ an undected body and bring a nO"W sen", ofharsh rNlity.

Serondly, lhe negotiatiun prt><'<"SS has largely been confined to• group of elit.... This may he inevilable, but a dlngen>\ls con.<oe-­quence i~ Ihe ever·widening gap between Ihe graS/;rooI, andIho.e al the lOp. Al the v.ry lea51, there mu .t be a radicalimprovement in Ih. communication hetw....ntop--l.....l negotia·lor'! and lhose ll",y purport 10 rep......n!. The sec~ ,uJTOIJnd·iog Cod.... commill..... and Ihe incvilal>le l....k> and rumourshave not helped eilh"",.

Thirdly, lhe deliberatiol'L'i of Cod""" have had no effect whal ­snev"", in lessening the mindl""" vio!w<'e with ill; bill.. harvestof dealh , injuries and deslluetion of property. It 15 the unabalt'dviol""'" which is the great...t probkm facing all of us. and whichthreaten.' not only to derail the ocgotiatiOM bot to l....r asunderthe very fabric of soc:i~.

Blccdy-mirdedFourthly, the two major partn..... in the negotiations, the NatiOIlaIParty and Ihe ANC, must accept much of the cred it and theblame for boIh progress and w.,akdown. The t\P in particularhas in re<ent wC<'k> demonstrated a blno:<!y·mindrdn""" mnini<­""nt of the dark days of aparthrid. A. till' can of worms spills it,inelegant mess of 5ta~ conuption and invol,'enlt'llt in the death5of activists, the response MSbioen not rem<>n;e t>ut d.fIance.

The apparent indifft'om>ce of Mr Dc Klcrk is particularly wor·rying and in sNip contrast to Ius rouragrous action. in 1'190 and1991. Can till' originators of apartheid be lruslt'd? Is the gOVO'Jl\'ment "illing 10 aC\-ept the con"""luences of its bra ve 5tatcmen"on d'-""Ocracy and surrender it~ monopoly 01 pm.,er? 1lle5e andother dISturbing question~ a", b<oing askl'd in. ide and outside ofCod"",.

On tilt oth<'f hand , the ANC, corning out of a long pt'tiod ofenfotted exile. impri50nmenl, bann ing. and harr.,"ment, hasfound it dHlirult to adju,t to th. dem.nd. 01. political partymoving to,,·.rd. etection•. It is no seem that cuming 50 d05e tothe corridors of power. the A~C lias often taken ill; ")'e off thenegotiallng Nil and looked r. th"", at Ihe goalposts. ThIS is under·lltandable. but it also (,,,,t... enormollS problems. Compromisesare made. only to fiod tllal they.lI' not leading to the de:sil'l'd..,....11. Pr..ssurised by a d,,",andio~ com;tituency. most of whose~v... have b<'eo hltally untouched by Ihe oegotiation process, th"

Ar\C is fOI'CN into a p""ition of lallJng tough and u,ing ch~

lhmll of mass action as an altemahVl' to ~oti'lio1\S.

TemptationThe ANC should re.isl the temptation tu encourage . ta y·

aways. work sluppag... and ma.ss demonstrahons. particularly ina ttme of eronomic downturn. Forther, whilst the ANC h.. everyjustificdtion in posing sennus questio"" 10 InkatM and tile secu­rity foreee. it would strengthen lis own position if its leadersquite candidly . tat,>d ·yes. we all' no angels, there are "",ny inour ranks who h"ve 5ucrumbl>d to the u.... of intimid.tion .ndvj<llence. We.rc o~ 10 this . nd will fight it . t .....try \evel".

Finally, there are m.ny other factors at work: the controver'!ialrole of [nkalha, the e,elusion of th" PAC and the Con",rv.ti,·.Pam fw m Ihe negotiating process and, mott significantly, lhe. ini; t".,. Mtiviti'>5 of righrwing forces

What can we do in th e . hort term to m.ke the Mt of anextn:mdy difficull period of tran.ition? Thi. is not the time towring our hand. and bl-moon our late. We an> in a trough. let'.accept tMt the going will be h.rd .nd th.:lt tile resolution of con­flict and reconciliation is gomg to take much longer th.:ln orij;i·nally imagiM I- and that, like .n transiliol'L'i. it "ill be m,,,.;y.Thisis a time for courage, patienre .nd a(tlon.

ActionSecondly, there mu.t t... a d ea ring out of the stables! Mr Dc

Klerk must make a much bold"r "'"polI5C to govemmcnt COmlp"lion and allegations of , tate and security fotte invoh-ement indeath "'luad. and viol,."...,. It i~ oow no long.r. questi"" of lay­ing the blame a l the door of minor officials or even h.ads ofd"P"-rtmt>l\~ 11th..... are Im,uslcrs and "'oi'" peop le in govern­ment who have bet-n invl'lved or . lI' involved, then appropriatedction must be taken. Heads must rolL This will rest"", a sense ofltu>t and , trengthen Mr Dc Kl....k·s negotiating position.

Thirdly. negoti.tions musl get back on track and if this calls forinnovative idea••nd extraordinary m~tings then so t... it. w..cannot . llnw lhe ncgotiahon process to w...ken by ~lmply moo·dling al'mg and .Iicking to prescribed times. dates and plact.'S- Inparticular a r.pid move toward, an interim government must beattempted, wh.tever it takes. This ul>jective should he Tl'achedbefo... lhe mol of 1991

Fourthly. and most importantly. tile strongest action mu,t betak.n to reduce th. violence. H the ma~" play...... have.nawescrre ""ponsibility. Uut if, ,I pite . 1I the gno:<! intentions ofthe pea'" accord. the state, till' ANC and otMr actor'!, vioien<'epersists, Soulh Africa .hould seriously ron'ider inviting an inter­national mission 10 .ssist io monitoring the violence. Impartial,prof""sion.1 obst'rven from the furo!"'an Community and theCommonweal th . workin g closel y with the p.ace .""....t.rial.could assist in identifying Ca"-,,,-'!; . nd those lI'Sponsible. No Ini­nall'''' ~hould be turned aw. y f,,'m if it ,can k.....m the carnage inour tow",hips

A lex BoraineExecutive Director

,

DIARY

PRETORIA

The play's the thingFrom Jun. ]Q to July 16~

groupof AJn<"ric.an schoolchil­dren will .pend time io thePr..lOrLt region wO' '''hoppinga playwith their SouthAfrican counterparts.

With Idasa'$ assilltaw;." cllil­d...., from /our schools (black.wllih', Indianand coloull'dJ ...well as .everal South Africanacton.oo playwrights willparticipate in tile productionwhich willl'l! p...-formod a, the...d of the two-wl.'l'k <'Xcnisi'.

Theproied was inibated bythe American-basedgrouping,Crw.tive RespollS<', which spe­cialises in breakingdownracial aM OIllUral barriersthrough theatre .

Afrikaners in thenew SAAfrilwIrrs quo v.dis? Apublic meeting on optio,," for

1M Afri kanerwill be heldon July Uinf'~ri.,

Sp"akersinclude VanZyl S1abMt,jan van Eel-.,

Tun "'" Ed KOO5 van clerM<>rWe and olhen from theNP, CP. HNP and AWO.

JOHANNESBURG

Winterschool forteachersFrom July t o to 23 Id.",,',Training Cenln> lorDemocracy will run •~••sonal ....riehm.ntand , kill.advancrmtlll COuIW for t••ch­ers al a I\otd mSwart\:;opobotw...n ]ohann",burg .ndPmoria. The CI>l1J"ie wm focuson issues oi developingd<.'lflOC7acy nod ciliw>snipthrough the formal ~ucalionsystemT"'Chellthroughoullh~

coont"ry Ire invilt'd te apply 1011le Admini,trate r, 39 HeneyStreet, Berea 2195.Only 50plares .'" ••,.ilable.

DURBAN

Naidoo: theprospects for peaceJ.y N.idoo,' memMoilheNali(ln/l! l'ea<:e Secr>:tati'l, willdiSoCUSS progn'!'5.nd oeIbachin lhe worl< (l( n-gkmallndlocal dillpu!eresolution rom­mi~'l' Future Forumlunch in Durban on June 23from 12.3Opm to 2pm.

The COSI i, R50 .nd n.>serVa­lions ,hould be made withlow>Ua at (0311 J04.8893.

EASTWNDON

Marching to adifferent beatA pu blic mnting on con­Kri ption will be held.t theCity Han on Jun. 2li.

• Another meeting of theongoing Gend. , f<>rum willbe held 'lldasa'. efficeOnJun. 18 Affinn.live action isthe sub;ect und... di...:u55ionand .U wumenare w.lrome.

• OnJune 6 an . duc. tion~m;n... will ""amm.. waysofensuring f'duc.lion lorempowerment in !he llorder.C"iskei and Transkei .reas.

Rural govt meetingRural localgovemm....t rom..unde, the .potli~ht ot 0 conlel'erce to be held 00 July 17 ond18 in Eastl"ndon.

Th. role of tr.dition anddemocrocyas w..ll as theIUOCOtiOO ef land and 5<'1'VK-esand the sustainability 01 rurald.v.lopment will be amongth.tupi'" on th.. agend• .

Conftononre participants willinclud.tradilionalleader5 asw.llas repn>sentali ..... lromcioo. business, locallndmunicipal governm..nt.ndpolitical parti...

WESTERN CAPE

City seminar series11le role and pIare 01 localgovernment admlni.tration inIron.ition is tt.e wbjoct of thethird City Fuh1n' ..minar The

meeting will be held on June17 . t 5.3Opm in It.e BeUvilleHoliday Inn.

Karoo conferencePoverty and d "".I"pm~nt ln

the Kuoo will be the focm 01• ecmlerel1ce to be held /romJun.261o 28 in Bea ufort w..t

R... Beyers N.ud« will of"""proceedingswhich will beatwnded byfann wolk­~ool

rommunity<l'f"'I'5"'lta­ti"",. dev.l­opment

Jtoo &yt,. agendes asNa,,,U well •• busi-

ness. churchand olher interest groups. Theronference~ <>pen t<> all

Makingdemocracy workA meeting will be held on July8 10 look.1 dt'lftocrat;c mocha­ni. .... /or new citt...

How p"',pk participal. indecision-m.king. how toenSure aec:ountatrilily andwllat .re the most effectivefonn. <>f rep....."tatioo willbe among the qu<,,>lion.disrussed.

BWEMFONfEINAfrican study tourAgroup of40 I.nn..... leach­ers, acad<'lJ\ks, politicia ns andbusinessle.oders from the FreeState will be head ing off for astudy tour 01 Zimbabwe,Zambia .nd Malawi fromJun. 27 to July 16.

The.im <>f the visit is 10gatber fi"t-hand knowledg.of the SUCC<'S5<'S .nd lailures inldnd reform, 'lIlCio-<.>ronomicd.v..lopment, education.loc.lgov.rnment .nd civil societyin those rountril's.

The group, which wili lomtan inlonN.101'5 "think tank".will reReeI on th.. , imil.ritiesor un'quen.... 01 SouthAfricl in r.l.tion te theexperi. nc... of oth.r African~~

UN aidlikely soon?By WARREN KRAFCHIK

TENTATIVE PLANS fo,United Natio ns soclo-ecc­nomic .ssistanc. to SouthAfrica were laid at a ro nl..·ence of South African• • ndUN officiall in Windhoek inMay.

Th. United Nation. groupindudf'd "'presentativ.. from26 .Hili.t..d . gend... TheSouth Afric.ns "'pe. se ntedpolitic.l p.rti... . org.nisedlabour, bu<iness and non-wv­emm""taJ llI'gInisatiom.

In the dilCUSSien on _io­economic needs, . ducatien ,h•• lth. hou,ing .nd iob c",­atien w. ... priurit ised. It WI'

,t,....se<l th.t the... prioeili..mw;t be addJ'<'S5e<l within therontexl (l( • nalional develop.­ment strat'-'8Y capable (If """"'_

ing goals of growth .nd redl5-­lribution, 'iimultaneow;ly.

Participants recognised th.tth. first st.p in .ddressing"",io_onomic needs was Inmobili.. existing !'e'lOUJ"Ct':\ inSouth Africa thai an: nC>! effi·cient ly utilised. How. v. r,given the ",.1. of in..qu.lity,.. temal finaJ\C't' would.1>.o ber..quieed . United N.tionsasilitance will further be II><'­

ful in Ihe fields o/technicol..p.rtis.., hum an r..soue<od.v.lopm.nt . institution. Icapacity building and povertyrelief programmeo.

Most 01 the d..bat. at theconlerence focus.d on th.appcopri.t.. institution. lmechanisms to ch.nnel UNIS5ista"'-'" 10Snuill Aftiea dur­ing a transitional period. Th.Sou th Aflican. caised Iwnissues

Firstly, u socio-eroncmic{unction••re unlik.ly to f.1Iunder joinl control in a transi·linnal governm.nl, assislancefrom the UN would need to bechann.led through. morer. pres..nt.liv.. institutinn. Ilw.s sugg..ted that th. socio­oronumic negoti. ting forums.which 're . mergmg at • local

DIARY

In the footsteps of Plaatje

tigative journalism (hundl'l'd,,,/ interviews, long hours 0 1

rollt'l1ing and sHu ng throug hdocu mento;) and it is ""hancedby Pi""••r'. im.gin.tive lmlt·ment and writi ng lalent. H.h"p'" thai the Rapport awardwill ,.,.".,. as encouragemenl toprobing j"urnali ,m in Atri­ka.n,. th. t Afrik.an. journal­ists in the mainst....am ",i ll . tartLlking. le.f from the bnc>k 01publica lions like V')I" W....,'hl.dand DIl 5~ id·AfriLIo " .

Pi""a.r pt.n, to rework thebook for publication in Englishin the near future.

R."..I Sd>. fl.. io pmdu<oon. diw, in ld... ', m<d" d'partm,nl,

Ho"s PirnJlM: fncnlitllS"",,,, t "'" pmIomg;ournoli' m i" Alril-iums.

RATES:e Loosc tnsentons (~ i n~k A4 sheets, onlvt

1l.2'i(1 per I too• I'ull rXlllc III soc • mn rese R1 000• Rjll per column l1l1: .1 ~~lh,"ms x Ifk.m, .. Rnol.l

ll'l,)wlIn x Won.• ,H300

(co lu m n width ~ (, em )

and reach 10 000 readers nationwide

ADVERTISE INDEMOCRACY IN AmON

10 pi"...•ads orfm"fm'f/Jl'r I,uormtlfimlCOII/"Cl R m ,e I 5" b effe r «(U l ) -1 "1-312 "

Only black and uhite adoerts amttable.Booefor the IW.U issue byJII(r 10.

Ndeb<>le <the Mapoch peopleor Ndzundza tribel which cul­

minates in th" ree""t hist"ry ofuprising in KwaNde1-ele in themid-1980s. M 061 "f the suffer.ing is e~peri en ced by h lackpeop le but we are g ivenglimps"" of heroes - on bOlh_id"" of the divide and. fewwho slradd le Ihe two camps,That at lea,t makes it . litt lemo....palatable,

Pienaar cu t hIS journalisticteeth in Ihe m. in str••mAlrika.n. press, the n free·lanced , then moved to the• lternat ive Vryr Wu lb l. J.Working on a no.,. 1now. he i'employed again as a , ub--ed itoron IOlpf"lrt.

Mapoc" """"tioUy is . prod.uct of the hard slog of inves·

8y ROSElSCHEFfER

H. n, Pien••r has . minorbu t nevertheless ,e,iou,

regret ab"ut hi, . ward_w in_nin g Di. Dad. Oo rJog ru"Mop"" h, In the rus n to meetprinting deadlm..., his oligma'intention to dedicate tho> bookto t h ~ t grN t South Afri c~n

joum.>list Sol Plaa11-'. was for­goUen,

This omission wUl definitelybe recttlied in • future edition,say. Pienaar, who ha' drawnmu ch of hi' im p ila ti on f",Mo poch.nd jcnlnlaiism in gen­er.1 from P1••ti<', editor of nneof our first ·'black· newspap""at the tum of the century andauth'" of the joum.>listic m.'­terpiece, Notivt Uf. in South"1=.

Quotation. from Plaatie ·,work fe.ture prominently inPien••r' . book, which iIIumi·nat"" the fib.... of BO<'r life inmuch the " m,' w.~' a, rl.atje....flected black pi'ople in hi.time ~ with,"' t fragmenting Ih~

total South African experience,Pienaar is quite eh ulled

about hi' Rapporl priz. , N~

010", so th.n Idosa. Ever opti·mistic, .'.... accrpl il •• anothersmall sign that the Afrik. ner",t. blishm,."t is 1>l1linnlng toface up to ihi h,story. That is.....h~t Mapoc!l set oullo arhi..,",iI i. hi story tha t at limespierces the myth with M v••­wting acruracy an d at oth. rpo int . ,ugge,t, mi.under·,tanding., . l y. trying also10 affirm the der' . light toaccept or "'iec~ to take "'"I"'n­' ibihty nr to lay th. hl,1me else-­where ,

lt " a ha rr OW ing a nd . attimes, wondt'tfu lly h"mom",_.tale of. hundred yea" of ron·Ilict betwe. n A/rikaner an d

Two years ago Idasa cecoed to sponsorme publication of a n Afrikaans book wh ichoffe rs a cnncal reinte rpreta tion 01 a n impor­

tant slice 01 South African history. The book ,ed ited and produced by ioase's media

department. was rece ntly awarded the 1992Rapport prize for no n-fiction in Afrikaans .

AffirmativeAction

andBlack

Advancementin a Democratic SA

August 12MOli nt Ne lson H0191

08h15-16h50

regi"""l and J\lltional ""'el, "m­"titut~ the mosl indu"ive, Jell;t;­malt' ; tructutt.'S pfl'So'tltly able toplay such a ",Ie in South Afli,"

","""ndly. th. capacity 01 thedi fferent UN agencies tol'I'Spond in • ro-oroinalE'd wayto support growth and n'distri­bution goals simultane" ",lywas qu<'StionM.

The UN group ackllOwll.'dgedthat fu[un' technical co-0p"" ­lion with Soutl1 Africa would bemore demanding than in otherrounlries. Sp""i al instilu tion,,1mechanisms would n.-ed to be=at,-d to facihtate grearet pr0­

gramme co-ord ination and 10deal with grassroots organ isa·tions rather than onl y with .Cl'Illral gowrnrnt'l1t

What wa" im p",l" nt, fromtheir poin t of Vi ew, was thatsubManlia] effort be i n,~tod inbuilding up th. capacity andcentral co-ord ina tion of lh.negotiating fnr. to eMble lhemto act as facilitahng and implt'­menling ageneie" fm e~l ,>rn. 1

assi,t. n",.nwa,.gneed that a follow-up

meeting would be held to fur­ther considcr Ihc",- i',ues aswell ., ",'ncret . programme

J'TOP"""I',Warr..ft ",.rchil i • • n o<ono",i<"

ron.ult.n' wilh ld. ..,

Speake rs Include :Franklin Sonn, WiS&lTlan

Nkulllu, Albie Sachs, LindaHuman. ClivlI Thompson

Cosol: Rl50 PIIr~ats

Fo' _ il. contocl'!.sigh J."",• .

CT Chamboo' 01 Commercs,PO Bo. 204,

C_ Town, 0000,

,-__~ ~2.:2 :::~__ .J

INFORMATION

The people needto know

Mislukking- en mislik ­in Malawi

o..'Uf HENNINC M YBLIRG

E",no 1111 my kind...,..... ;.,daar hfrin­........ nil Prrsidml tw.ling> llon<U,-u MaLo,,; "'~I mot groot '"""J'ft"

g...uJ in Suid-Alrilo.w.om op _pllt"li~

~ .... d..gO'W~ll-..dwn.wlmJ.owbo>wsbg

Oit wu mot hif ,die 8<'<1'8'''' ;n lilY.Kt~rlop d. , ek gtndrifl'JIi die grrn. poi.III.....,. 1..o mbi< ... MIla ...; """,orm !W, "IIImy kOf! l>e!lOek .an di.. l• .,d to' !>o-gin, Oi tsou in l<~nl w""" om 1/'1. I. ,ie., n n dieland .." in \'1'11 "n .."''''''m;..... gm-i""""....n 10f""!'I'T' l koo ""nd~f

8y dll',;n"R5f'O" IS d.ut .I;. gt'W ...... IOo!­~ .........Usir ....ot "OltoDi 1OOO'I .....,.,j.

n "'" If\: k<.n vma/ Suld·AlnU, w..n. viru..., is "II poIililoV~nn"'-'-'PSIl~h k is d...., ~.....nng . n _ hotr-

h.uld..Uk v..rd uid..lik pm;,.. 1 ..k InMl Lowi wll .I""", n...mb. voorh>Mdln~

tn>I V[J' 'II pol'hel<e srudi<'lo<'r <kw- '1\ gn..,.\lrysl.ll~,

Uil. ind..li l begin)lUllt> 'n yo"" ,n""lgfli t"ld · A.......t on....Iry" . On.. ure ....my~by~

grell.po> ...",d (OkMlLo,..; bln~l<lI'I<kr "II "J'rI:,\~

. 1 Il ...tr;ctionOrde r· m,,1 " .....,8 '*"""'KMybor~ . _opdrag " ... '''s ui! -. ,n'$/ "" ml'!l"LHong,... to(' te 1)'.

by '" "p<'l'ifi..l .. hoM in!<' bo,,'. <'II dko "",I.geod.. Of;llmd by .lit d,......",.. l«o nto"' ..." '"

"""n doni 110 "" r.ppon_ om 08IlOO d ........~ow:nd brdW..~ lon!oor,Wt<'f d,,....j fd~ . 10",,: .t'tduid~likiD~ "'Llilolrdf.hk Un .1..~"".~n I'oltow'Om li'tlOO 1S.b>wJ lI!'lI ftIIdr IMok oonuog• ~n dif.onokuld ~ bodt....."S" ••n my<~'l..hn~ rn ...<>«1 Ioq;~L>.i ' om ...... te. rtI ...k z..mbi~ I"". (Pi.. Iyd Ng.oot .'fMalawi w.<om),

Or p.ocl I~rug n. d i~ gft'n,J'O' madJ .lIewoorde v.n ·n keJIIO"f in .I.. hold .Ii<> \IOrig<';und .leu. my kop; "On. i. unl~""Pd~ ",

"P'tlndi~0""1.' ons nils ....., 01 nif.. <1M

""" '<"I!'lI I!-rid nif.. dif. ..-gmn, hc1 . 1.1 ...gdd. dll' rn<Jfthkhftd~ 000" dt".ol,...,.-___,M,-.Io_otn__•

' 4.0.. la . .. "i, ot'

•

From Pa g<t '

g. lhrnng.iM p........,t. lion (p.om.:uL>.l v on~I " .. ha';ng dIfficulty -.Jju.<ll.;g 10• differerlt pullnc.l gm>&'

Tbe prln' Jr>edi. (WIth ..n5u l. r ~'<?J""

bono) ~..-gi1lllJy "'--r. butmoot~·mg .. I\lrbd ....ay 011 ~ inI.do- f'IP'S mel....\vhool p;.n... . ... "l'Id<>m _nle'red:h••d ly . lu1fl1m~nt 01 ou r n~w,p.l"'rs·

/nuc!H . un,l'd ,ndtpt"dmao . nd publicWt­

.iao' fun"tlon .~ tne<!i•••~ oot fulfillingIii.,;. functi"n III th;" rt'!\.nl ,

The "",mid group whifh n'u't "",y thebl. 1ll<' lor l.... lammt.Ne lark "f ,nh..m:.li<mromp""-",.n I"" p.orti al Coo.-..

One aPJ'"'Oo't... t t Il""em....... . m .hisCOUJIU)' has l<llog toeen~ toy p.of;t­noid °o/ I>rial f«Tft.'y" .nd ,n Irnpnlou'>lyle .~~~' ...~io!d.(ft, 100. thatpohtial rornpromNo ,nd OWSO'..hon can

often ""~'l'd """"~ .Ind <'\J'f'"d, tlo".Jy N hlnd des<>d doors. f1ul it i.equ.oIly true thool OUIJ.!\"""'" . l.It........IO. "",.

pidity and .t"n~w.lling'f\' unli kely 10 beindulged in ",'h..n til<' fun glJfI> " f publicity'>r 01 I",,, Ihe po"ibility of di.dosu .e. i.brouglll I1l tora.

' It is not good enough th.ltsome clever public rel.ations.agency be called in oncethe t.llking is over '

F"". if . ny. uf th~ d. l"l\'hono hav~ bo.-t-nf""J"""'d I1l di vuJ~e tt..ir polirr on. nurn·..... 01<TUcia.1 ronstituli"""J ........ ,nd the...""'" and b.l<~,mund. of lhrir de~.I'"and am-iwn. II doe "'" hfIp I<> "'f'Iy: "Oh,b<ol \how .... <wyd~ .Ho<>ut InMt­

"""'"'~- for 1Iw ....p" of lbc"",pia.....-ill hoo'l4' • COMidn'bIr~ 011Ih~ final rn....itutio...1 form. In .Iddi!ion.Cod.... ;. .ppa.....Uy d'....ing up a Ii' l ofronsllluhon.1 princ:lplt>s wltit:h will furm IttebuiJdin ~ bh ·k. of lhe fUlure c<m, l;tu li,,".nd bill of ri~hts

II i' no! ~n"d ~nou~h th.t "'me d~yer

public malionll 'Il""", tor r.o.Ilrd in, OO<T~

""Iking is ""'"' 1O....n lhe fuW product 10~people hoofo... .In election lor • ro...IIIU1'f11........MIy_n... NIuJeMb'a~ .... , "f;hllOkno...... hoe it 50in, " . ....1 h> boo ~~pl

inlo.1n<'d by intd ligent . nd crih". 1put>Jir""mm~n l..y, If thi. doe. no' o«ur. Ihefin;'hed product ...111 ha..... littJ. ......l>tt 01Wglt1mory

'An uninformed societycannot be democratic;.Inignoran t electorate cannotbe effective'

H so..... practic.1 "''-1'" whidl will'" y 10 It'CttIyins this looOd ...... 01olWI":

• " ".II...fund~ inlonnallOtl ca"'palgn.....'" rom_IOn u....-Iodgtd III tornon'parfuoan .nd cn' L mel.l Cad_",!",'&Ienl 01 Ho.....nl m pnnlll'd form

• G_lt'f allo<.- oIltJ1w.l net~In'$ bvIh~ SAIlC . nd e b~ pr~s, 10 .chin~ ~

ronlinuing and .nalytk.t l lreatm<>nl "I the"~Il'>hali'ln pn."""" I.,; ""KUI• • foldi" , I"t.• ...t nn I" nge . havt -Parli. mtft!Uy~- - l>uew~ .1in ha'T .....·....I.lock~ rrports!)-

• i\c'aoWt>Ie 1""""''''- of tlus infortrl.-. n... ml'\ha cwId .....ploy~~ tiu WftUy Codtw ..,pplenwnb.pl'ltfiln ol lh~ J..d,ng public acton.,Cod.... b.rom~'~,. f.... li ll'S I nd jok~"""m_

• Jnformahon c.mp.oign> tadverts. newslet.eer;. mMing. ) by th~ political pa 'h~' toin/o.m.M "",,"ult with I!lelr <:oru;t,tuen·"",", They have . du ty I1l iI1form .nd Pdu·ca.. thetr (OfISI,turnr.

• A m...i,·~ public Nucllion campa il".bo,,1 d~mo>rT.t1" "w~rnm.... t. itsdotcn.ond••~ otruo:tuf1.o§.nd proro­du-. 10~ • dtmorratioc cum... in.I COWItrv ..-hich "-sOftly I Ulbconwunrio........,; ••• """.... of ~IiIK.l1 n p......-Then- . ... m.ony """" ......hanismt ...hlCh

elluld be Im. glIlltiw ly ~.pl"..-d. Th~ fi"l, Iel"' .....,.j to be 10k"" u'1l""t1y to ini".m t~e

publi". An onin formod ""'fiely ran nol Ndemocr.tic;.n tgnor.nt de<:tot~", Unnc~ tor-~

I'rD/ c_;,. . __, '" llw C"n1I .......u.-.ud. ......... lallw~'"I'wltl;" Iiw .. 1Iw L·rri..-". '" Cal"" T_ a.

TRANSITION

A quest worth pursuingSouth Altlca Is not on the point 01 co llapse 0' d lslnlegrlltlon; nor Is she on thepolnl of Imminent breakthrough 10 a eeueie-eee democracy. says ldasa directorDR VAN ZVL SLA BBERT in a new book. Hera are some 01 his conclusions.

.......-. ......-

'One of the hopeful signs is agrowing awarene ss of th egravity of the problems thaihave 10 be solved '

<,<,ndU,,"Oll5 01 the b"ok are <",tli"'-'<l,

• ~'Uth Afri... h•• ffilb<rrW on it. qUe<1at • timI' wh.,o two d e. rly disaomihl.. trendsare influencing internalional ....l. tion..c Ihetrrnd towao:l. good governance.nd • rom­mit""",t to a democr.hc , y. t..m oj govern.ment a, well as th.. trend tow.rd s "lUndman.gemenl 01 market-driven """""mIOlSTh...... i•• growIng ronv~ence on mteri.that cou ntries use in jud ging each "Iher ' .""'pon.... 10 th..... lrend,

cumbin...:!lo ma ke negotia ·tion a compt'lling option todN I with the transition awayfrom dom",a tion to d,'moe­racy, The.... is no lI<'t'I.f 10 s' -" 'kMiraord ina'Y Mplanation.. orfan bdck on to simplistic psy­chological ca""",,

• Th.. difficulty of 1dt'l1IHy ­ing k.,. play....., in lhe "''!Ioti­ahun p""",".1'i5e$ from lhedynamics of the plOCl'S> iN- IIand lho- probl,'"'' th.1 have toI>e dealt with a t d ifferenl. t. g... of tran.iti on ,R..aligm,wnl, n.-w parti<-s.nd

alli. nces.•s w..na• •llllhng 1'<'"""" ofle.d­.."hip. laClic. a nd . 1r. I..gi .... have [ 0 be",ken into """,,-,nt.

• Clu.te .~ of problem. Ca n be di . tin·guished . nalytic. ny in differt'lli pha.... ofthe negotia tion proc..,;" Illou gb they ~ ••enlangled in re.liiy Nor",ali~hon .

dt'1'nO<Tati..hon and ",n",l,d . I,on overlap.nd interact, addmg to tho- rompln,ly of theprtX'e'S6 and the uncertainty 01 the outrom..

• An id..ntifiabl.. ""'luen« 01 I'll •.., ofnegotialion does not gu. rant.... . tmuble--tn...unlold ing of Ihe proc...., ~lUlh Africa m.ybe <imil• • t" olher countn e. undergoinglranslt ion, bul th,·....... ,mportanl Impon­der.bles whICh ...n ha" e a sil\nilic.nt impacton the outcome of th.. proct'S" for ""ampl..,an unresolved "-'COlily <itualion; "ansilionallegitimacy; ideological intensity; """nomicperformance; and you th,

• The P""f't"-"IS of SolUth Afm ko.>ming• d,'1l\<Xr""}' are daunting and chall."gmg.but not ou t of Ihe qUl$hon. They depend onthe m hc.1 role "f key politicol ~cto",; the. tra tegic . hom they make N nceming thedifi..,...nt problem. during the dill..,...ntpha.....,. 01 tra n,itilln; how th.,. ...act tow.o:I .on.. another; the '*'stade< and opportu n,he<that h.w to 1M: overcome and exploited . It isth.. interaction betw..en . uc h .trat"l\icchoic....nd b.si c , tru ct ural condition.in.ide South Africa th at hol d th.. kev 10Soulh Africa m-ominga democra.;y.

1"TItt (llusl {(If Dt-m<lCN<)': s.>ulh II me-, inT,.n,itl",,- is puNi<MJ "" P"'K",n Ilo<>bJ

• The <lu""t for democ. . ...y is ",,, tiv.tedalso by the need. to g<'l rid of do min.ltion InSoulh Africa Ihis ",,,k the f"rm of rolomal·ism. ie wh,,,, mmonly dominati<>n. HoWt'V<'!",Soulh Aftica ca nnol so lve th is probl..mthrough w nvonhon.ll colonial tran,ih"n , Iewhit. withdrawal or an t'Xtemal!y imf"'S"'llo rmu la for tr.n.ition implemented a ndmoni tored by ,,'me ""terna l international.gent.

• Oth.r failed .nemph< at lTanSltion awayfrom dumination have lefl leg."" which~ fl<'<:t th .. curren t n..soti. l iuns; p.ntition.technocrati c . e form a nd al1empt, a tn.....,lutionary !ran..iti""

. nw.... are rowerfu1""Iemal and internalforr.... pldnned and unpldnn<'d. which 1uVf'

"southAir;". i. th.~large" ,l graveyardof poillical predte­

lion. in the ....nrld. She huI>e<on condemn,,"t cul'lt'd anddi. mi.."d more ofte" thanundel'5tood. Tho romplc>;;1y ofht!r problems has und....minrothe confidence 01 many ro m­I""lenl a nalyst• . Very few, ifany. would have predict<'d Ihdl. h" could now be bu sy withlW'gnliali ng a....ay dominaliunarw;:! _ king to put J<>mocraq J(,y ad""" most d"p"'!l ",,1I,n~1"':SS 10 """,In.lmin ill; pla.:e. 'han ,Its/roy.

"The dY'l"m ics "I Illig tran-sition have unl . a. he<l a fluod of neati,-.mngy in . n area. of 5<><ietalhf•. M(I!;! keyidor's on ""tionaL ",!\i" ""land local 1.....1>di.'plav. willingn.... to fflg.<g. rather thancoo fl'rml, 10 create rather tMn d"" troy, SouthAfrica Is not on the poinlof rollap"" or disin·tegration; nor is sn,. on the PJi ot 01 im mi­n..nl b rea kl hroug h to a trou b l.. · fr ....democracy.

"On.. of th.. h0p"lul . ig<» is a growingaw~ 01 th. tr;ra"';ly 0/ lhe pmblffl\$ tMIMve to 1M: !\(It-·ed. In short. 5<>utll Africa"squ<"lt for d,·mocr.'Y is not a asy a. som..prI'I..nd. nor as futile as otll p....dict. Aslong as th. impact 0/ tho> past on 1m, p...........tis not 'gnored wlum II\(' futu re i8 negntiated,it is a quesl wurth pu,,"ui og with as muchvigouI' ;1..' th.. MlTaordina'Y pa'pl.. of SouIIIAflin Can mus", r,"

With t""'" words, Van Zyl Slabl>ert cloo;eshis Ial<'st b"o k. Tht Qw>1 for Uom<>:>'Ir(lj. $(roth

Afria in Thln.,,''''' , Irs an upbeat rondu.illnIn a sobcrutg analysis of th.. way f"",·ard.

Endi ng apart heid i. a n"""""",'Y but nolsufflCieni cond ition lor the ...tablishm..nt ofI true demll<Tacy. TIl,· <orront n,-gotiahonprocess could t'fId in a oumk-r of possibl..undemll<Tal ic Iransiti"nal $reOali",,; f", Ih,­n. ,1 lew yea" South Africa cou ld hov.rbrtW<'en a I"",h clampdown and a 8o"ern­menl 01 tr ans itio nal un itv (GOTV) - anlInt"lectt.'<! multi·part~ .rraniem",,!. The VIf·

loal collap'" 01 negohaiions at Cod.... IIrai.." a In-sh "'""" of impond''Tabl.,. aboutSnuth Africa', tutu...., . nd mok.,. th", ..,ber·ing """",,,lIIt"I'lt aHlhe 0I<l1\' ....Iev.n!.

In the final cha pl. r Ih. m""t impnrtanl

,

CODESA

Codesa: Trojan horseof black liberation?

Codesa Is being used as

8 tool to uepcrurctse andderadicalise blackpeople In South Africa,accotdlng 10 STRINIMOOOLEY, publicitysecretary 01 Azapo. Th is

il an edi ted version ol aspeech he delivered at anIdasa forum in Durbanrecently.

Whe n Ihe mythicalCa"and, a of Troystood on Ihe wall. of

her d ty and looked do"" allhe .. .>,...,- Coo"", """,", deli_mammoth wood en horse that ........... _, -had been draggl'tl before herdty gal<'!; by the Gret'\;:s. sb<- w"mOO lhe TrojJn 1'<'<'1'1. '<> "'~ thefraud that she knew woold \1>ad to lhe d",trueti,m of II", ptor\~.

Fate so designe<l lhat nobod y listeno:d to ( ."and,. and lheTrojan pe<Jple d rdggoo lhe lio,,", l limo gh th. d ry gat.." . od eel...braiN and ,aroused that ""ti", nigh!

"""en lhe Trojans had e>haw;!od tl>cm... lves with cd.-brahon andlaUen asleep, the G"",k ..,[dum; who were hidden;o Ihe belly 01thewocw.:len horse emerged and began I" 'iI' ught..,- t~~ Tm j.>ps.

Aller 10 yea" 01 valianlly wml ipg off the ~tt.><:k of lh~ Gn.'t'Io5"simple ru>o> - Ihe Trojan lit".,.. _ oa w T",y ~nd i'" pt'Opl~ rompl,>jdyd O'Stroyed,

10 • ""ns." we of Az.po SIl ffer th~ ""m~ frost rati,," lhill C.....ndr.llad whffi ,!Ie urged her pt'Ople 10 rejo:ct tho' wood<"J1 h""""

Cod"", is lh. Trojom hon;e 01 ~Iack liMalio"Azapo'. fruslTaliollS a... exacerbated by Ihe .... hSil liun thill a, our

planel ~url1", loward. the 21s1 century, I~" ~ r~al~r pari of I~.

human raa. ...m.uns firmly fixated in !he D;,rk AS"'"Nolhing lias been 010... iIIogic.1 and vicinus Ihan th~ w. '" thai

hil ,'~ been hrought on by ur&ienlific noti"ns such as lribt-, ""'I', ...h­giun and langu.g• . Even mo.... illogical is Ihe ""linn tha t lhe hum. nr"", {an only m;olve di ff.n.'!lc('S If lh""" noli<msa~ m.>d~ t"" mre.ria for any form of negot iations,

Codesa i. a product of th" m,ndle$ "iew thallri'N!. ",hnie, lan­guag~ and religious diff.rencO'S are t~. co""'rstu"", of our future~.i!;te"",. We must fi rst....., (lurselves in uur diff.renl tribal, ",Ii­giou., languag., ..cial and (>lh..- ~arnl~ nt!; . nd arpaI'd ~o~ we(a n talk ahout resolving COIlAicts

What is even 010 appalling is th<t many of tho." . ittipg aroundthe C"dt.... t.ble a or have twn hnked to ,;ol,nl "1'"-,,,sion whi<"heven now rip' OIl t the lifeblood of child"," and Womt'l1,

Cod"", i. a d<'llial of the value .nd true me<l nmg of d"lIK" "'<)" Itis part of the COIlSP"""y tMt has d islorted d...mocracy ",' ,,'mplt'tdythai Ih. yard,tick by which we measu... democracy i. th., Uni tooStat,," of America,

How Azapo would do it

Stnni Mood ley f.ced • livdy aud «n", .fter hIS addfC'SS, Askedwlt..-lher "" hated w~ite;, Mr M,>o<!ley "'PIled in the m-gallVO,

adding "but I love blaclo5 more",Here .... some of Iti, "-"'ponses to oth...- ~ut'Stion "

WIrM c~ nl j5 A:apo doing owt. id. of Codrsa to rea li.. itso"jutives ~

Aul'u will <t>ntinUl' to moNliS<' and educate the pt'Ople for th.sei:rore of power. To consci""ti", t"" rna""", poli ti<"ally remaill.'important and will be redoubled in the face of aU the confusion inlhe country. Azapo will <t>ntinue with community p"'lf"lS thatempower Ihe 1"-"'P1e.

h A:apo "ot ",argi nali,ing it5df ".II ,hu"ni"g Ct>dt5a t.~­

oally ~. it polls V<'ry ,=, ,,p;wrt i" po/ilical swl'Vtys?No . Azapo i, alisning iN-if with the "",,pIc and Cod..,.. is goingto fail bee.u,," it is not an ""pl'l'SSion of the ,,",'pie'. demand.and aspirations, Whatever i. said . bout ,upport in mar ket SUI'

veys is not """,,","rily true.

I-\-'h al i , A:apo'. rrlMion, ltip " .itlt tit. pal, iotic f,ont altltis point?A>apt, wa nts a lrue palriotic Inml made OIlt of lrue palriots wilha clean record of non-roilaboralion, It IS busy laYing the ba>is forthis patriolic fronl 10 eme~e. Soon Ihe,. will be a m""ting ofunk,,,,, affiliated to Nactu. Cosaru and other independent unum.to add"",~ economic and political issues. Polilical nrgan~'"'ti(ms

like the PAC and ANC wiU als"take part.

Why Cod••• is undem ocr.lic

On the Sund.y before the whit... only refe...ndum, the Natio nalParty put OIlt a double-page adverti."'ITI<'nt in.1l the Sunday new.­~,...

The headli n. to thaI advertisement rcad, "If yu u arc scared ofma~'rily rule, v"l~ Yes'" Thi.s advertl,"""""l, /or lhe firs! time, tuldthe truth about Codesa ,

Underneath that headline the advl'ltiS<'ment went On 10 say, "AYes vote will allow u, to do what the Rhodesian. never did~"K"tiatefrom. pos Jlion of real st""'~th, a de mocr.tic constitutionth.t prevents dumiMtion and offe,.. """,rilVto 11,,"", who have a 1,>1to I""". Pn>1e.:i your rights to political freedom, your own rt'ligi"",own values, ldnguage, righ t to own propeTly. savings, inW.lment.and p""-,ion funds, AT CODESA MOST OFTI-lESE GUARANTEESHAVE ALREADY BEEN SECt;RED.-

Not a single party wit~ in Cod.... object<'d to th. adverti"""""tUp to that tim" the liberal mooi••nd poiitical obsm,'<'fS, ana lyst,and " ,mm""tat,,,,, W ('''' laud ing Cod''$O for its projl•• mme to brm~

liMalion to black """pie.Not a ,in~le party - barring. perhaps, the NP - is lruly ref""'Sl""ta­

live as none of lhmt have truly tested tltro strength democralicallyat the polk

In fact, as far"" A"po i. concerned 95 peKent of Ihe peoplr

A 'minor' process wherepeople - not power - count

--

Ily ilEA RO BERTS

Women lor South Africa an d Cosatu. theRura l Wom.n' , Move m.nt and theA"""-"'ation of Uni'~ty w..'men. the iliadSa.h and the """"",ti,-e W" ml"'" Club, theANC Nationa l Par ty a nd lnka tha , th echances 01 reach i"", oon"",..... ....."ed. slimindted. .t th.. oo t..-l.

l'roced.o", did 1""" prtlbl....-.., IIO! unusualgIVen Iltal w"men ca me from .u~h diver.... ocio-eco nomic and educa lional bacl­g",o1'.h. and from radically difft'l'l'l1t politi­cal schooling. But . ven thouSh p""""-'<lura ld iffe rence' too k almo.t th ,ee hou," 10

resolve on Saturday morning. someth ingwas gradually emerging a. the two day.unffllded, Could one ~all it a ...n.. of com­mon pu rpo, e ? Or wa . it perhaps IheSisterhood...

Gender cerlainl~- wI> the onilying issue ­no matt..,- wluTe wornetl came f",m, all hada common sen.. of fru. tra""" at the d i. ­aimi"atl"" Ihey ...peri.nced at personal .!<'Iciet.l and <truetural I.vels. How,'ver, lillielime was wasted ha'plng Iln th i• . Th e..mpltasi. w"' very mIlCh on the futu", and adel..""inalion to transcend the P"""""l.

But what mad,' tb . we.kend a unique..p"'ri. n...•• m" re than the aclual a<bieve­"",nl of oomm"" PUrpos<' and """'llnilion 0/common pound, was tb.. 'plril in which ittoo k place. To b...ur... th ..e we.. bi ll ..r

lo Page to

Tne past y... r 1Ia._ wiln"""'" th.. mu.h­rollming o.f a vari..ty 01 n.glliiatingfornm., afl,"n~.. and social rontracts,

Cod.,.. possibly Ix>Ing the most important ­a nd moSl preca riou,. But fo, t~o.. whodespa;r at fhe dIfficulties and d.adlocks oflhe national proce<s,!he p"""',,,,,lity dast...and party-political ;'alou,;..., neverlhekoss,fl.l'I' and the...., cause for cautinu, optimi«m"rists,

One,;uch iOltiative is a pro.__ which w..,,tarted in 1991 and ru lmiTh'h,J In Aprillhi.year, with scam mc,J ia oo.....-.g... (However.""'om",, a", no longer ....rpri..-.! wben Ihd ractio<Is fail 10c. ptu....the ""tional consciuus-­n.... for ""'.... than lhe briefest 0/ pe-riod< ­bot the dl'lmninaliun to SIICCt'OO ro ntin",,"10 g"",-).

Th.. Nationa l Women ' , Coalition waslaonrhed at a m...ting in September 19'11wilen . range of W<'Imen'. organisations. ,...­vice groups, poli ti~a l pa rti .. and churchgrou ps mc1 around one common ob,....:tive:to ensure t~ a.t women' , ",!o ality, and fh..mean. to . nfoTa' it. wou ld be entn:neh.-.! in• future con, tituli"n.

On April 25 and 26 "",relhan m womenfwrn m".... lhan ~O orga nisation. cou ntry­wide owl In Johannl'Sburg to plan and wor k­fJlop the process.....Jed to dl'lmnm. wha trights South African women want. I'>, th lh.m;" of the SACP . nd Ih.. Wom.n'. Iloreau,

. ilting at Cod..... haw "" righ! to sit til.....They belong to a di 5C1'<"d it<'d, illegitimate~< or to puf'l'<'l. bdnana melav,," nm bymWtary diet'lt"'" or by NP appointt'C5 whorulo llvt'f ..,me 01 tfM>se bantu .tan enelaV<".

ssof them hdv. ,t<lll'l1 money andthey earn lat d'.que,; lrom !he govern­ment to en.u.e th at hlack people

...,...in 0Pl'.......d and {'J<pl,nted. E,..ry daythere are revelations of prog ramm e'S andplot. by De Kle. k' . "'-'Cllrity asencin andpuppet> of hnw!ht'y are involv ed in rom­milling terror and violence again.t blackf"'Uf'le. There are revd.ti"". of bi llions ofrand< Ix>Ing d..traudt-d thn>ugh tlw gowm­menl', various a"encies.

These are the people who aIT Sltti ng alCod""" to dLocuss tlw fulUl'I' of thl. rountry.n.re i. no doo bt in Aupo'. view thatCode.a wilt in the final a nalysis, fa il tod. li...... th" goOO.1o black people.

Sinc.2 Februa ry 1m nothi nl';. I repeatIIO!hing, b.. hdpp"'ned which dramab,aflyaller.i life lor black peopl• .

And ju>t as 1/.. Trojan flo.... put the Trojanprop'" tt, . I""P, Cod...... i< d.politid.i nS andd. rad icali. ing black people. We al'l' beingnurnho1d in lo a ,1""P b<-cau.. we beli.... IhatCodesa will soh ...our problem _

Aupo'. vis ion for a lasti ng settle ment

A truly democratic solution Glnnn! be imple­mented Wlth Ihe partic ipation 01 De Kl.rk asthe NPor the W",ernm",,1.

The li",,,.. h,,n """"""""I - all its compo­nents _ muo;!: rom. to terms with th" ",al i t~·

that ",,"e of US singly can bnng li""rati"n.Solidarity is Iheley to nur tiberati"".

Despit. the misguided. argument that theregime i< too power ful to u""""l, the Iiber.>­lion mov.m.nt ha; the capacity, t iler••ou rces and the will to wo. k out aprogramme of actIon,

If De Klerk i. serious abo ut wanting toresolve tb. contlict in Ihi. ooonlry, then heha. only on. hunourabl. option - toou.pend hi . parliamenl and r.. ign as agovernment.

If De KI.rk ind icate. hi. willingn... tore. ign, he must make Ihat known to tb.lib. ... lion movement and to tbe world allarg• . The liberation mo,"~meflt can thenwork ou t how a transitional autbority a n. m<>.>thly take ov~r the day-to-day runni ngof gov.rnm cnt , tak. over Ih.. budg. t andfinallCY. qua rantiTll' the .....:u rity forces. brinSin a pea~e-heping force , and o ve"eefair a nd fr..e el..ction, for a COfl.tiluentti>l'mbly.

UDe Klerk wi.hes to discu.. 0...... pointswith the Uberation mo·..emen!. he mw;t m...1US at a neutral ""nue,.t . m,'<'tinp; cboi",Jby a neutral ro-ordin.llor

•

PEACE ACCORD

Prompted by Ihe violence which rages th rough manylownshlps tbe NatIonal Peace Committee held II cris ismeeling recently. Identi fying the lack of trust In thesec ur lly forc es as a " mlljor obSlacle" In ach ievingpeace. II else decided Ihal all National Peaca Accordslgnafories should meet as soon liS possible. THOMASSMIT spells oul so me of l he problems with the PeaceAccord In the Border region.

Peace process:what hope fora solution?

From Paga 9

a~mrots, au",""ive discussions, mom""ls01 intense ",asperation . 8ul - and perM!,"tllis is wheft, m"" could learn a few lessons­in lhe final a!lAly";s other qUdhties claimedvkh' ry; compromi.... lole rance and "'p'"d ally genero,ity. The quest was not forf'<'W<'l". but for I sllarN vision and ron...n·' $

This was illustrated particularly well onI"" last da y wilen the tim. cam. to eject ast....ring commiltee. On", a~am, f""'C""lu....f'><OO problems, and mum""larily il S<'l'lTl,od". if petty difflWl1C't'5 _'" ~uing 10 uooer'mine Whal had tll...< far beffi ",""ie.'cd. em""ag.il\, h<'W"e\I<'l", tile spiril triumpllrd. and acommilret' ..merged wllicll su....ly lIa, to bethe mosl~t.h"" elected body in poli·tics h..l. y. culling.cn>ss pulitical. r.cial andclass divides.

Elec te d un . n imou , ly, and tu g.Ul""laim, . s convener, wa.' Frrnc Ginwala ofthe ANC with a st...ring rommitt... cum·pming wom.n from Inkatlia. the NationalP. rty, tli . Democr. tic Party, t he RuralWumen's Muvement. f(ontak, C",atu, theUni,m 01Jewi,J, Worn"" and oth"",. And tilefares 01 til. deleg. tes reflect,'Il their S""UlJ>l'p1e.su", .l lhis mUlley group

Th. Illought of fhe wurk lying ahead issobering. If th" Wonwn's Coalitiun is 10 betrue to its Slated rommitin""t uf r.achingwom.., in lhe f. r ru...l ......s of Ihis counlry,il will be • slnw .nd hm.-<onsuming f"""""'" h' ochi,,,,. its ,>bjectiVl'S. lIut ",,,,,,howIhe weekend ill>pired f. 'lh, particularly inlhe .bility of women to uvermme lhe odds(I m.an, whn wnuld ha,'. gu""-t'd tNI bythe end nf lhe week."d buoy.nt mam.., ret­ic.nt I.n ni.., h.rdlin. feminists .nd ,""enIhe odd purple rin... would be awkwanllybonded. .rm in a rm, in . ong _"Malibongwe", the celebratinn 01 WOmtll ).

I had • littl. famasy "" I d rove away onSunday afternoon, an imp"",i bili ly. bul . uchIs Ih. stuff 0/ fantasy. I imagined aU tho~

worn"" resigning tbeir posi~ons, and unil ­ing on the political front to fOIm • mightyand unifit'd Women ' . Party. R. p..."""tingthe majority of 50ul ll Africa '. people, wewould of course be. fom'lul p,..,..nce, atCod,,,,, and beyond . Wto would not need tolight fur power, because it would rome Iron,wilhin. And perhaps, for a cb. nge, lhis' '' unlry wuuld b. built nn principle. nff"""'C and caring and sharing.

Com mon vi, i"n .nd common purposebrougbllOgether .. group of Ihemost di.,.".,people im' ginable. Perhaps lhi, is the lessonto be learnt by the nahonall"'litical play"'"- thai is, if they have lime to , top, renoo ,and absorb these "minor" pm".,..... in lheir.ace for power.

B.. ROM"" iJ< . ~ional CG-Ot<! ;,....... lnIdba'. PmQn. Qffi«.

Acommon reproach again., t org.ni", ­lions and individual, participating inIhe peace procrM IS tNlthey lack tol­

..... nce and tact. C<'ncr...uy it is so. Our mlo­

lions al\' mol\' .asily stirrrd lhan our inlel·lect, .nd lhe SlU ff of ,iolence ISvery slirring.

Bul ...·"'Y0n. ha, become"" caMul nollOstir the .molions tbalthey resll\" them",l""10 tolerating dl'leat. Recently lhe chairpersonof the National Peace Committee was qootedas s.ying lha l Ih . p.ac. committe.. are"fragile structu"" finding lheir way in a ,ub­terranean world of horror".

Fleshing out the m.laphor a litt le, Ihenation.l peace s!nJcm", can be likened tu alarg. blind mole. One of its blind spaw'n isthe Bord.r I C islei Regiona l PuceCommilt .... Blindn.ss in thi, ca.. i. anhen.>dilary dOOnl..., written in its 8"""', theNational Pea", Acrord (NPA).

The Border /Cisk.i r.ac. (ommilie.,ium>ro six months ago, is the second old..t"'8ional committee, . ft.. Nalal / Kwazulu ,Called the Bonler/Cisk,.; Reg,onal DIsputeRt'SOlulion Commilt.... (H/ C RDRCl, its kevp1ayc,"" are the ANC and the Ciskeian go~.emm,'Tll.

Six Local Dispute Rt.'SUlutiun Comm itl<'e!lwere ereatt'd , bul lllc RDRC developm."tsub--rommi u.... recently broke .wav from lh.peace structures to becomc a d",'dopmentfurum , in ordcr to in.'ol". the T•• n.kei. "govemmenland the PAC.

Neithc. lhe Transkei nor the PAC aJ\" , ig'natories to the NPA. lloIh h.ove staled "'po.ratdy th.1 they have S<'Iiou, problems withlhe NPA .nd therefor. do nol wanl to bepart of the peace Slructures.

The area's RDRe ""'MiIri.t is a full-limebod y of sec onded personnel. After thedep.rlur. uf the fi"t ch. irpersun. il con­,iSled /", a long tim. of ,.n ly the

ANC /SACP/CoSd tu alHancc'5 r.present.­live, .nd lh. pa rt-lime cha irperson. Til.mh er membel'll of the secretariat had V'n ·ished.

8usiness originally showed keen interest,bul its promIsed "l""""'ntativ. on lhe....,."..tarial never fully malenalised and after Ih.s.ver.nct> of the [),>velopmenl Forum, il isunlikely 10 du so in the fulure.

Th. Ci, k"; g(lvemm""l Was forthrighl inits tolal disreganl for Ihe RDRC. 11 withdl\'wits rep"""nlalive on lhe seeM. rial who", il.n",,,,,net'd us wilhdr.wal from the ""!l,onalp""'" structure.

'Our emotions are mo re easilystirred than our intellect,and the stu ff of violenceis very st irring '

Recenl ly H was agr..,d lha l Ihe SoulhAfrican guvemm..,1 second a per.;nn tu theS<'Gl~arial. Th. Ciskeian and South Africangovern menIs' ' .....undm. nts cam. "'foippedwilh vehides .nd ", l. ri", pa id lor by lheSuulh African ta xpayer, Yet t he ANC".seconded perso n has no acc.ss to Iho••vebicles for peace work. This ....ms 10 Ay inIh. face of provisions laid duwn by the NrA:

• "The requil'll"l fin.ncial.nd ...J mini,lra­live resOU f<;es of the N' llona l Pe.ce5<'Cretahat,.nd the ntller budi"" estabh, Wby it, will be provided by the Departme-nt ofJusti","

• "Members of the NPA's LDRC's andJuslit:es of p""", nol In the full-time employ·men l nllh. state shall be ""l;lled tu ",mU ·neration and allow.nc... to be paid by thestate"

w.r," Pt«r! 0;.""" """"II'..... """",il""" """"" 1M ",.mlry flu ~II~ olool.olt"-

Si>; lTIOllthsaim It.. Elordt.-r~ '" m.;, repo rt on the fept. l of >«I;on U 01 theANC ~I!d ti""nrill _ .... for.eo:- CIS"'" N.ono....l $o/nlnly Act. which A;'SIrio:t>.

ondo<l penonnd no! in lhe employ '" the the hoklinS '" IN'O'tmlV-otIt. but 00;"3 tIlO' won. uf dw RDKC,. noIh- The Ciskn~I p .... "",",,I -­inS ha ""'k'NI~ " !PI the South Alrian _lor il'~ withrJ,.wallrom Ibr RDRC; thegowm.....nt h.u 00 ",",pie- with addinS Bor<kr Al"C"~ · prognmlllt' '" action· ; lhehundrN. of t hou~nd. o f und~ to the ~ t- of lhe """"l1J'ft'I"II o! tfw RDRCCHew!~ aim~lI'Ig011 their Ca COIIIonIion it h.d m.>de "'" wIIhd rll w-nhudget. du rins Ihe o rigiu l bif lh p.ng. o f Ihe

Nine IIIOIIlh. a fl..,. the adopnon 0#. ,he IWllO; and the allord.....eo! tfw RDRC ~NPA, the fMbbnS IorpLo.tioll for lhe long the A."¥:. ZIa "'""" k) 0IXlf'l' poIib<:al f"'I"4Dverd ue LOC'al lu.licK o f Puce i~ " ill St.."St'ly fIIOUgh.. now tNll"""'e rom­....iIN. Yet, ,,'e ha"" been ~urpnK'd t,o pIa"t!>. foundoood 01 ..nfounded, ....~e 00mminlI--boggIins bwNuaati< t'ffum: ~,cw.ri d our' .w.y

• Teft!">A~ 'cr.....wive are In Marlh, t.... clllnTrenon "" the RORCllowollO E.tollJ;,ndor! for _ aiIemro<>n to .....ignN . 00 long.. r p~mllD tolerAt..doa "Nooe<b A-,"",,",t· ; detNL

• A oecrdary l'«OtIded from. g"''''''''- TIl.. RDRC, IhlOug h ilo n..wl,. immo-"""'t departmmr m Eaot 1.ondooI il; .............f l>ili$l(f fCUti ..... Is c....n....lling -pol iti<aJ...........,;ly . nd If'pIa<"ed by .noth<-r mimi- poi"' g. and dilopUte .....mulion . ..., yporiI')" tr• ....kf from Port E1i",""'h ..i th . from th.. blO,d .., RDRC, ,nd III.. n..wlyar and pul upi.. " hotel f<lf two w....b; ritded inll'lim cNirJ""f"O" hal 10 far been

• Two ' pe<: i, II. I. art! flown ;n flOm wholl\"ul'lOOl'''''''........Preturi.o to rommc'i5ion ,n off1co, romputer, n...: ANC programme " f ao:t\OfI • the cam-

Puc.. requ , rl'5 inw.tm~nt in ca pable palgn for ""'ce and dl"fN1cu cy • contrary tohu.... n ft">l"' rreI, not nlt'f'f!y capable equip-- some ovl't-l... lou. n......p~f'<"" ~!""'u lation.

_nl. II ""lui.... a pouh ng of financial and was not a fa ilfd cou p nor Vul~ 2. bu t ahumon reli<"UR:t'lI "" ...........~I"'" in ,>fdt>r to pro t<'Sl Mhon_ . ul\$I"l u..ntly ~doptOO by are..rn peoplr on tho gf\l\ll'ld popular fronl of organi..hons. and toned

The Cis~... g<!wnllTlftlt pull«l oul '" the <iown 10 an~;n vot.... OO""at;,,,, and an:gional and local !llructures on the day lhal P""'!'1e'0 ......-nt>ly.it oigned lhe NPA and wao admitlod to the The Cl. k<'i gOHfn m..nt ~ubm i tted toNational PNC\'Commll!<'e, II aJ<,o Iwppenod C<desa • ot.al<'ll\fl\l pported by two otherto be tb.. d. y th. t il h~ und ...tak..n to parrhes tha t Cod ~u.pmd il5~vH""

until the ll..nkr~ AN( ended its pro­

Slam"", '" ao:b;)n.A _ng. hootl!d t,o f'retonoo. was Id

bet w""", the ANC and Ih.. Ciskel gov........me nl . wh..fe Ih.. ANC . g'~ 11 would.mend ib p""llum..... "" act""'• • nd th..OW;~I ag.-f It wuuld~~ U to trri/lg It in Ii .... WIth ~"'lN

South Afrbn log hb"' .and the :'.1'A. TheAI'j( .mer>dftf I I«' p"'lnm...., 01. arnon.but dwCI!ibi~~hao

po.htidr ...n-d 10 amend .mion U.

The N. tion..li l Peace Accordhas no teeth, Public censureand moral pen u..lision remainthe only me,IinS 10 ensurepart icipation'

The protol"", of the Ciokn wilhd"wal isthat it ilIus"at.. tha.t 11l practir<' the NPA hasno l'-"l'Ih, I"ublk <WI.u", aM moral persua­sio" ....... in tt.. <mly means t" ensure part ic­ipation, 1<'1 a!o.... good failh.

This is th~ daKl\'" tlwt ""ngs constantlyCM'T all NPA """en".... It hao s1tud in thisregion and e1sewh.."" And lhese wounds. '" IrIt to lest..,. una tteooN , endangeringm.;, whole body.

The fiN LDRC esU~ ~ the RDRCoutl-id.. Ih.. C;"~ri, In C.lhearl , h~ ~.sunilu lal~ The blad Iown council 01 Kab­Katll,,,.,.,.h ip .nnounn"d recently tha t it.... withrJrawing hom the ~(OIJUItIIk>e.

One 0#. tlw '""""" for involving black-.. councilo , nd "'-Lond~ts

in tlw I'<'l" struet!Jn"O l:J to dl~ waY"me.. an be abob!olwd ~abIy .and Ir.ii.....lomwd in10detroxralJ< ttruI."tw'a-

The f'NC" f"'OI"'!'l' should """ ptl'h:ftd10 provide IrgII1Inacy 10 oboolete~It should provide Itplimlocy 10 a p""-"""" 01~11Tll"'_ only Othen>"'ioe il 1aU.sink> lhe trap of~ing lhe cunIlrt

The Cilbo 8""_1""" reiterlited itsu np rep ored n.... to part icipale in Ih..~ and loc~ PN"" stnJcttrn'<,. But. two

monlhi .p'. lhe Ci>~" did ag..... 10. pro­ceso ol mediation by two mem bers of theNational p~~ SemoIAriat, A1; y!PI. howev.....no dale foc the nwdi.ot;'", has been seI .

The mole io ma,med, Wi th ..ach passingday tilt> likelillocd of i" ,,·..wal d;mini.hes.Tim.. i, runninK out, We mu.t 'ake cogni­.. r.ce of ......itiv;li<'5. bui not be paraJ~by thml The alt"",,,live io III pin the palsy01 the PN<.... f'l'<'C"" in tolerating defual.

t-. ~It II • _ ..di_ ... u"'-'"f1II' H Iii"'''' _ f'tSIon. _ 10 ....

" NC Ii _ lie IOIC

"

fOREIGN INVESTMENT

Making investment work tT

h~ qu~.lion of torelg";ove, lm" ,,1 fot A p"sr .apart".,d Soulh Ainu

and the value "I an In,'estmentrode Wl'f'l' the 'iUhject of a two­and -. ·half da y forum n...Rust""",,'K l.ltf" in April.

Mi>Sing from lhe w...kffid'.discussion>, ro,,.-....I'd hy [d.~

and private ....,[0. concerns,were labour r.p .....nr.riv.s,Azapo and the A~C. A hdSllly1.".1 ANC paper w.., n'ad bytlCl academic and AI'Cecooomics p-)hcy .>dviser AldnHil'!iCh. The ........;oing 40 de","gat,,,, _moo 10 ool\C1Jr olmO>ltoo NOily. prompting """'CO'I<'to n:rnark th.>t po:rho,.. lh. dil­fen>nr ron,!ituend... w"", not

being e1Ilin>r.v ,rue 10 rhem",I,-.... How""••tht air of . s .....m.n! wos .ti"...j most .ffpc­lively by SACommuni,t rarty "l'l'<'S<'IllativeEssop rahad who injo<:lt'd ",'nit' stimulatingq"",rio". into It.<. dt'bat•.

The ronfert'llCf' wa, opt.'11ed by un. filth<>ronWIll.... m,l Wi5l'lThln Nkuhlu (<'Cunom;;\and 1\'<1<". of rho t1 nivm;ity of Transkril, ..-hosaid that Soulh Alrica did not ho,~ aJ"'l.....w",vlngs In undmake Ihe kmd of restructur­ing nmed ;n Ihe f" sl lew yea,.,. 01 po.l­al"rthci<l rule. To dc''''-wp a prog...:ome thai....ou\d h,we any meao;ogful impact requiMlfl'SOutre\ from oYllOide tM country.

C.....t..l qu tiufl.'l thai enwrgt'd during t.....confen''''''' w how to I-'Il,ure lhal fOMgninVl."'tmen t made ' n impact 00 I..... welfa.., ofthe marginalL<.e<l and . althe ..me time, madeSouth Africa allrorti". III inv",~ This It'dto liwly debal. on Ih. nature 01 ;n"",tm",,1policy and whether or IIOl Ihore wa• • needIuf • ..".rote rod. of conduct for inw.ton.

Almosl . UI"rtkipanlS ~ which ihCludt'd atoog. of political p.>rI, chambers 01 com-mem' and blark bu."' forum; - .glWd ontile need lor. 'lablt p<>!il1cal dUNle and for­e'gn in""'tment. Howewr, ."me caut,onedthall",..,gn ;"",,,lmenl.hould no! be "-"'" asa pana"" lor.u ills and lha llhe manner;"

which il cam. into ti,e rounlry nre:led 10 be"1lulaled 10some Ol<lerll.

The c hief • • •cu l i". of the GermanChamber of Com"",,,-,,, .nd a repn.-senlativeof Ihe Binalional Ch .m~,.,,· Consull.tiveCommitt.... Kt.us Schuurm.on ",id munll...numlle.. o t lo"";gn la, I-I;nding mi"ion......,.., "isiting Sou th AfOO, but t),ey could no!lind any f.ct> ~l1>t' """rythiog Wa. in a.lale of Au•.

"

He ••id Ihelong-Ierm poleoli .1 of thecouotry was ...r n<> inl.....II" in_h".., thtoyw.nted to know what they could gl-'l in tilt>shan term, A decl.ration 0/ intent n.'San:lmglutul\' inVt'Slment and md"slrial poli')' wasurgently o.."jed.

-::-::::~=By SUE VALENTINE

Nafcne "'P""",ntali ve M.. n.kul. sa idforeign invesl"",nl .hould bring ..'ilh il thelran.,ference of techoolo8Y and .kills SO Ih.tblark bu.iness prople could albin skills theydid n,JI ha'"

Lol Ndlo,'u of the BI.ck ManagemenlForum ..1d 10n.1gn in...."lm':nt.ho,,1d n,>t be.Itr.<:!ed 10 South Africa .1.U CO!\ts. It , houldonly flow into Ihe country on,e apartheidw.. d,,,d .o that it could n,JI hind... 'If d.laytilt> lr"",lormation I"""""-

While he agreed lhat loreign inv",lmentwould ht· valuable in pn>mohng "",o"Om;(growth. creating jol-'s, offering S<>ulh Afric..nlry into foreign rnJT~.I•• nd pro"iding.ddi lion al ,,"venue for government wd . 1. pe nd ing, Ndlovu >aid Soulh African ..hould 01"" be rea~,tic about the nature 01forrign trade .nd 'ov....trn""t

He said ;ntem.tion.llrend. indicated th.1a vinuJI "closed shop· agreement op'.,.ated.m"ng the d. w lopt'd nation.,

Democratic Party Ml' Brtan Goodall said itw.. Ihe ""p"",ibilily of the go",,",menl ofIhe da.v l<> oet t......' ' ''lIple b~ in'....ting in tilt>country. "Yoo cannot e'peet loreign in"""I­ment if lhere is no loc. l inv,,.lmrnl."

G.vin Wood . of the lnki th;! heedomParty ..id Ihe IFf' r.vmIft'd foreign inve':\l­menl provided there w.s protection for

labour. anti -tru.t I.w. w.... d h....-ed 10 and IhO! en"iru"menlallss>ws Wen' collSid....-.J

SAC!' politburo m.mb••h50p Pahad said many SouthAfrica", w...... <coertical 01 foreign inveslment tm tear itwould tak••way Iheir ;nd..pt'nd . nC<' .nd integrity .ndbecau"" forv,gn inw.lo,,· po.mary cOncern was 10 m.k,money, nol Ihe """If.re uf lhe

-"Pabad said it w.. "p io> ;n thosky" to talk aboul polilical , ta­bility il on<' did no! look at liltissue of r.d;.lribulion . ' W,need to make !""'PIe who ha....bt><,n m.r~in.]jsed feelth.tIhl')' hav e a ,take in the pro­

Cl'SS and in society:He said lit' did nol beli.....e lhat cap' tall'ln

•...,uld provide ,ufflcienll'Conomic growthto ..Ii. fy South AfticallS, "'noloo S<lCiaJ'y"lem needed 10 b. , o ught. one in wh khforrign ;nvostm.nt would .till have a role

N.tionali<.alion WdO not """"",atily • prin_ciple of social;'m . bu l it could form p"n of .pmgramme hI ..hi...... certain obj.:ctivt's, H.addt'd, ' we al\' too used to giving th""to,, :~

you dnn' t do Ihis, .lIlh. money "'iIl go toEa.' tern Eun'P"'. Not much mo"ey "' smng toEaslern Europe .. .what busn",,, in lilt' Weslw.n" ill tilt> m.rk"" 0/ EiWem EIlTOf'"_no'to invest there..

Uni"e,."ity ot Ihe Tran.l«-i economisl andrAC member Sipho SlIabalala said the linkbel ween econ omi c growlh . nd hum anprog"""' wa., not a"tomatic. 'flIe1l, had It>btan ""pheit rommitment to benefiting ttw.owho ......... marginJJi..,.j and oPJ'ft"'S<'J

"Forvign in..·.tm. nl should ...i,t SoolhAfrica' • • l>ility to tit' rompetiti"". We do noIw.nt to he a t),ird world t'COn<>II1Y. we do notwanl 10 perpeluale ceol"'-pt'. ir hery re la­lio", . .. The Aftican peopl<' ..... 001 obj.cts ofdevelopment. hut c",ators of weaUh," ~ .

..,d. Aft,,,n entrepren..... ", . huuld pl.y •, enrrat role in rebuilding the counlfy, bu lth.y could n<~ do '"' if Ih.,. W<'lt' bmited 10

'raza lJIops .nd ,,,,,,II fl'1ailing~ Hi­Il'Ch and manufacturing ' apod ly neetled I"be dt'\-'eillped

All imporlanl . Ia keholde.... should al",pa rli cipate in negolialioo < with forei gninVt'SIOJo...id Shabol.]a.

A .horl video by the SA Ch.mber oflIu.io......mph• • i'ing S<>uth Afri,a' , highra"", or rompany la••nd infLll~m .lllOg wilh

rSAMalaysian miracle:

is there a catch?~'ft. d<oof'I'" wid# diVO'N/ic;;ltion 0/

lhe MaLoY'lIn -.-.y.1ft 1962 the pI"imi0/ all it! IIWII ...pom WO oimuItInMu.I~ .

Thf M. l.a y, i." gO~frnmt"lll .t l'Cid #d 10. bllndon .....mributioll in I. vour 0/ KO­

"""'" [VOWIlI and III~ "'" mntml<>I w .........y IO thtrrn__.

•...lIhou'" Ih.. ,ov""mt"IIl . lill wn­tmUo.I poIicy~ _ mhoood tIlIl the1"" '__oodr """'" w..... ttw priv__ ...... it: .-d Dr Luo.

He-.w.~ thol ~tI yuu I.t ........tbr m Ulf _ ... ill ch.lw rrotib fromhm- IO iIlftnlIr". .and IlI-J 1110- nrN r.:.­

eiN r B""""mm1policy .nd f lfi­cimt civil~.

Thf p rf.fOI. lIi l..d f .lIIongcivil ....... n" inM. I. y. io w • •

IhAt lh priHle. ""t" r . hould b.­fn<ouroged 10m. kf mone y.

"""'00" /or """lJIdollar lhey "",k,

Inf <...iI 'f' V,,"tT'-«'ivn 350:.

N~ --"1 /rom Dr Lin·, .odd"",",wb Iht rvI# 0/ "'" unlonl - or I.d \hrmJf- m !iii alUntry II# ~.... ItltW "'pWna\iorI"'.hr Io'rIoion. i l any. tomo...... ~oo..of pobt:i<ll and O\'K ~b-' lho- irnpk­""-'I\btiorl <>I 0:<..._« pob<wo drtmnintdby tht MaII~~

In ,f'Spo 10 'I.....lhml . Dr ti n ui,,!\t.o.LI inlwrtl«d Bnlllll', ..........~,IId.-pornd~. 1lwy '"'"' "..". "oc.1

.nd no ..........Ied ...III~ !hem, butliK' """"- ",""pM!lW WIth wfwflhe~n" lit ...ntod _ WOg<"Ilinkfd II;)

r-JuebYily."Ho:....t tllll . fIr>o...~ had~

.....bWwd w"-'by romp"...... d..' ..m"'....on • ynrty baoas and o.pmdt"8 on profit>.wlllt b.i.oic w"ll" It> p"y III good )"'1"- bigbon..- . ", p"ld 00110 ouK. dunng_\IOn wog.. come de>WII. bul """,,pl<Jrmen1is l'-oidt:d

Fuoo..ment.1 to M.lay";.· , 'lICCI'5o.", ",idDr li n. w.. lhat II> eron<>my "'•• trorgon­i5<'d in o,"!,.,. to mok. il III''''' romp<'lili",.Thi, includ.-d • ",mmitmenl b~ go~..rn­menl to 'f"'l'IJjn~ Lorge OIl,"" uf ll\<>ne'Y OIledueal_ """; ...hnle.ltt. minl\-

Af.a5Ci....llflS guest I I lho> inv..tmmtfol'u m .... 1M dtoputy pw""",, 01lho- "bl.a~ """",'f b.i.nl... Dr Uns..-,_

Dr Un ... II P""'" 10 t.lI &If&oo"'" IhMtht "rlK'tonc .and """"'ions- tw had wlI·....-I dunn,; ttw forum -... .....,. IItmiW10~ 11\~ 11\ Iht w.- 1\1tll1: .andy"" _ . in 1W2.~Y- 110M """ it; ....th~'Nl' ofr~ powth. ...th no II\&borl.

"W1wtI _ bn:anw i~1 in 1957_ ....... 1M "ork'" l.IrgI"'C ...portff ofrubhoi' .and lin. Woo had I"" _ .Iu:w~

"",onomy fVf r ....." - il Io.1d tlftn co", ·plf ldy ('OlIlrolllNl ....

by Itw IlribIh whoIhfll IfI. u. wl1 hlIolh ing ~~Cf pl I

11"ly good dvtl.........w.-

Ml lly. il ' . If·

_1'''''''' It> tni. _Ito·. liM _ . nd to;> Ihfqut.'>lum u/ h"w klen.ure e,uno mlcgrowlh _ w., to(\j"""",,ly the l'«'ft­

o my, Tll io muntm" ving .w.yfIum rubb.-o ..,." tin And p>i~ into imp"'">UN""""" III \bLtym·, ........ p"hn oil.

HO"'fV",. df'Spil# Ih# liMI, l.id Ko­

"""'I( 1'1.0/\$. ," 1_ ,..........no' ............_ ... ...-tion lo ,101I diocnmuYtiorl-.l.-,

11....... "'" II 1M 1'lIIf .hownl l.... t tMM.do)'llllll ""'"""<l '- than """ J""l"ft'f ofccrpt>rOlo' ,"with ill ~ysia, ""If 01 11K'muncry' l popuLo_ .... d.. fWd ... poor.wh, lf ' ''0 III"d, "I Ibe O'«>"o"'y ..uowrWby~

Dr cor"'...... 1111110- fIId of 1'I'lO. wid DrLill• .1O P"""' t 01 corporal......llh WIS........,j by MaW)"W'I-

b plainint!: ...... I.. c.m. Kuut. Dr Unpomled lo "'" launch of "'" _ ~polley ill 1% 9. II . ,11I "'" 10 d ,mlnlle!""""'Y. "'II""lw.. of ~..,• • 1Id '" <:mole.wIII"''''''11 I«lor AIIIOng I.... poor. Th",""lu,"'" • bn-.~ wilh 01.1 .Ilitu<f.. which. <6OCLok'd ~n1.I, n CO h.ogori<'I of ..ork with<:erIaln roki.tJ group.-.

Th, po licy W.8 to p'om"le K<>M mi,gl\JWlh wilh lhe ~".....mm.'nt .t th. helm.l"'" . ctiviti.. <>f the pn<--.te _10' Weti' tot... . t....R'd •• "rt'fully •• f'.""ihle. rol with·out "",,,,rw kl ...b"....l;...ti"",

~ ...goon•• f-... m;~t1h"S lV,,,", Ior­ri&" mv...unmt, pro\'ob:d ........ ''''''l' d i...cuMica ALonHind> wid ..,.... of 1Mrondu­.io," d....·n I')' lhr .. id.... . "P' " "pc'" todrbrIt' .. '""'" of how mWrl~ hid twoIi1~f"' ''oi e"potlI ll~ horn South Alnaldurin, 1M 19l1Ol was IlOt d. c>nIy 10 IIIghlftfLo li<>ll aftd ..... rt1u ...o. but 10 'P"CirKpllilicaI b<Ion.

S'1!", • • III Ilw .... tNt WI hobd.oY"(_ oflrnod by 1M South Afnc:an Ii.............."""")__ .... imJ'<lrUtIl_~ to lOmgninYaton _ oM~ by ..-aI do>Ir­SO.....e.-r.al co-uo during IIw CIllIN' ofdiocuuion..... th. t loca l oO nd fortigh~shouldbo-.d~11r

Acrording 10 Go<xM I. In«1lhYft . h",,1<1

m.k 10 1M "'''''1' of ,"" in""""""'" ..nd "'";1$ -.n:t'. T1wttIln Ilwy ollould b., anil.obli'10 b:aI u.l fuMgn in ",,,-

Add.....'ng 1M i of.,.,.......",~lio,," <>j in""""'.."l opJ'''rtu niti", ,n Sou thAfrica, World 11<>";' n 'noullanl . nd policy.n.ol~ Wil""y s.:hn<'idlN.n Mid th ulNdeof most p',I,-nri .1 in"",.".. .... , · 1 ·, ....'. i t.nd __,~ hoy qUt'!>tiM 15, will tho:- South Afnca

of th.. 19'1l.1. be an y mm .. aUrlcti v. toinvNon IN.n otllt'f pa '" 01 tllto roroli......P ·He AId compon..... wn'<' loo;'ing fiN andIormIoot lui' J"<'dKUtwlbty: ....... t .... .d_ol .~ sY'lft" ....",.ld Il<lII be .. lunHlIfII>~ (OftlPM"" ... Iooog ... , ....oi~.ill 1MtuunIry wa oWoW,

& Idl South Aloo did hOt boo .... muchtan. .. wMdI 10~~ ... ol>obili ly 10

;un to... II ' h. viol"". (,," li nuN foranothn H _Ihl tlw WU'dow '" "'Pf"'"U­ftily !hot.....-Of""' W<lUId 00..,

Ht laid Itw"'~ ~IUft for potmhI.lin............. Iht _ '" tho- Soulh ...fri<.loll............ nwUl whidI ...U~ toapmd...... thP nrot docad<- .and could Mome tho­~ia "'lri<a

1M ('Oneh••i" nl .1Id ...a , lOr-lOrd llul""".,gt'd "'-' Iht ".a"""" i"""""'- .and1IlI.l1l sroop .t ionoMi<>n,lmdrd to rod~

'""""" ttw IIftd for gro.... """"",h into II","'!ricAn ddll prol¥m. for WAY' ro Add~

!he <Tis;1 in Aim .alld for I rode d.rif)ingIhe cou lltry ' , I""" ,on I~~ud,"g I" .. igll'"""""ment

III Addil",n. t"" """'bh~hmenl "f . n Inll'limgovemment which . ignifl..J . d,"!nct "",okwilh Ih~ p•• t (O" ld bo.. or g",. t impurt.n'ffor rfl ' lio'" with Ihf !nIN""iu" . l",,",munity.

5 _ \1,1 ...,1 ..... lloIodl.l O>-ordl....' '''with Id.I....-

NORWAY STUDY TOUR

A balancing act

[\-li","",Ii",," i" tilt Ha""" OOW"ci1 ("""Iv,:F... 5'0" o(odrmic 1(,.,. Bri:ktT IIrft ) lI~i"

rep""" " la/i",,, fro'" 1M Sociali, t !Lft. T"um a..J Cuw"' r:'! anJ I..b,," , pa" ;.,,.

Norway has fared remar1lably well Increating autonomy at local govern­menllevel_ but the system Is nowfacing a growing nmge 01 challengn .DAVID SCHMIDT shares someInsights from II recent sludy tourhosted by ldal• . The delegat ion

Included civic Issaclallonexecutives, academics, townplanners and councillor• .

How ~uto",,1T>l)UI; ,h"uld local gov.....­mcnl k from the ~nlr.1 "ate? ThISque-sti"" i. dose '0 the heart of our

politic.l d.-bate. That it ;' both comple\ anddifficult to """lve beume ,,,.t'T mort' appar·ent to me during OUr visit to Norway.

Ta ke the caso: of the "",."t local gov"",·men, restructuring in the Horn'" ..... ,

Hamor, UKl km north 01Oslo. IS • to",,,, of«.>me 16 CUI propl t . II:> CUlTl'llt con<ffll!l''''n>llecwd in ,"" m",<;5iw . p<'t'<! skating arenabeing huilt ••• major Venue for the 1'194Wi nter Olympic•. So a", i t. origin•. It isdl'llign..:l i1ke a gia nt upturn<'<! Viking . hip.

Hamor. liko No'way as • whol e, humoved very far from those w.rli"" begm­nings, II i-l • 5<Xiety chilr.cle",.,.j by h.r­mony. and ro",o;en;-u.' at aU ~I".

C"nsomsus il; Ihe 'ril ,~the ''''tirr politicalsystem, it underlies ' ocial r.lalion., Th.police force p.1trol un.rmrd. In the pohCl'di.' trid nl H.mar. incorporating 26 000 pe<>­pie. Ih....., h.:>ve beffi no multi"", during lhela.st lour years. For u. from Soulh Afric. ,whorr life h.s hero"", so d",.p. Ihis w.s atruly amat,ng statIStic.

The prevailin g harmony and conse nsuswa> l1'<'eIltly di!;turbN in Ham.r by • con­tmvm;y surrounding th.. I'-'g.islato>d ""'rg'"01 local munkip.1Iitit>5.

Norway'. histof)' 01 strong local dem",,­rill:}' dales back to 18J1. It is rooted in . tra·dition of a .tronJl independent pe.samrywMch over- gene..tion. was able to mamtainito politkal ' ight< a nd elf""t,vely defend001inlere;". agaiMt th<: CeIltre,

Since World War 2, tn" rok 01 local gov­ern menl h. s e~ p. nd ed co nsid er. bly toinclude significant social w.. lfare and healthfunctio"" ThL' has mo>ant lhat th. Cffilre hasrome 10 play more of • role, Local gov. rn­ment has in fact become a primary instru_menl of the Norwegi.n welt.,.. slale.

As this role has ."pondrd. centra l govern-

"

ment has tried to ra'ionaliseloca l gowm­menl 10 ensure mon> eUl'Ctiven.... and roMO'ffiden<')'.

In line with this l I'<'nd, il w.s proposrdthaI the muni<'ip.1liti.. of Hamar. Vang .ndLote n be merged . In th e u,b an ,.nt ,..,Hamar. the municip.11 rou nd l vut"d 49-1 infavllu r of th~ merging. Ilamar n..odt'd landuuhid~ it> br.",ndarit>s in urder to ""p.1oo, IIal,u provided serv,c.. to Ihe surroundmgal'<'as .hhouJlh ""idents in th..... a",.s didnot pay tax.. 10it.

The non-urban a",as Were vociferous intheir "pf"",iti"" , Vang, Loten ~nd Rings.<kerheld re/el'<'ndums in which ' "". voles "fbetween 95 and 9'l percent were ff'rorded ,Their round l, vol,'<I u n. nimously aJlainstmerg....

Hamar, ,-..sl aNd p",",,"I;Max Ma"'..... pu/o-­/irity ucrrlary of Som", .,'" Ida.,", "Xionolro-d irrclor in,he Easle, n eo"".

The , ilu. tion h• • bc<'n very simil . r inother .rc., 01 Norway - the urba n centr e'tron~ly in favour 01 merg ing, the 'maUersurrounding communities . gainst.

The scale 01 ","N'nce in the Hamar-Vang.re. however had lil lie impact on t heStortin8- the <>dhonal paliament. It decidedthat Vang and Ringsakcr would be includedin Ham.r. The merger was d u ly imple­m""ted,

The ou tcome miJlht ,cern to ,mply Ih. tNorwa y h•• a very centrali sed sy,tem of8,wernm""t wil~in ...·hich 001govemmenlmight h.ve many function. but lillie aut",, ­omy .nd power,

The I\<Itu l'<' of I",al . utonomv ;" how­"".r more complex Ihan th. t. 1I . ny­thin g. th~ "Nnrwcgian sy, tern" is one

in which both cent", a"d pmphery may be..,.", .. strong .t tho sa"", time, H.geR andNau,tdal.hd dO'SCTibc it as "a diallOical syn­th,.." of Cffilralis.-.tioR . nd dromtralisation".

They po int 10 .n interpl.y of tension.bt1 ..,.,n cent... and pt'riphery that alm""t. l ys end in • "dr. w· with no dea' win-n or I"""" Wilh ",'cry ""itt in the baLlll<''',th.. parly thaI has "tilted down" ha, adaptedin soch a way as to "-'&'lin the balanct'.

The forced m"'l>"" thus has had its ,01\._q""""'", [n Ihe ell'Ctio,," e.rli... this year lorlhe new rouncU, a loc. l gras5IOOts groupingcalled By-Og BygdeHst. (Town and Country)that had opposed IlK' merg... won 12F"""'"'"01 the vole and th. Labour Party lo.t itsobsolute majrnily in Hamar tor th<: fin;t tim.in generations.

"I' m h.... as prool lhal local democracywo, ks in Norway. This is SO ewn if it mayappear rather ronlradictory in Ihat the cmtre

I NORWAY STUDY TOUR

!itructu... I nd commill across thrboard _ polilk al. ...hllio I'dua-Ii<Jo.uIlnd r<unumlC.

T1w IdtwinK f"m.-.. - Lil-orralletiSonalut lrid lhr Ltb.ou. Party - ha.....I minuftlUOl 01 «J f'<"C"'lt of womo:nat all .... wit"'n tJ. pMIy. In 1'l8bthis pnnopir w....ppbN .. abme!:IeYd; l<>:1Iy tsgt\1out of 18 mtrI1St1'!!;

.rr wOlll~n . iMlu d.n, I.... OIrrrn tpnnw miniotftAlbnn.ab~ IC!>on is prl<'tJsed by

gowmrnftlt.lI'd.....wn IIId~~tlO" • • a crtllcalltfl ltgy 10 t nablewo"".... 10 d ..v.. lop I ppro pn l te s kill• .Urideno:onng the~n CUfr\o.illlle"l10dwonging atntuJ", on rtw roIr 01w""'"'"It a national rroc- oI......-nling IntOOobill all dasciplIno's 10rid t,,"" 01 .....N ,g,.,.....-.ca and ""'Ung~ w"""" I ppropri­1 10> in 1_110.., IfllJ\on~

Tho- Notwtg1'n """""" kave I long his.-tory of "ruggl.. Ihl l goes blck et [ t I",""tUl')'. The t:lUTVnt rultu..... me""" Indiru;htuti,m. d id n,,1 fali from thr . ky. No'h.. th e . I,ugg l. Ig. in. t . ..xi. m end..d,No,wogiln. poinl ou t Ihat it h. s bo>fon Ihard . nd bitlo>r oIrug~ l<' to I<.-romplish rur­",n l .chi~v""'tnlS .nd I long Ind hlrdstrugglo> I ...."illl lhem I" rn-,un- /ull eql>l1J.ty.

We in South At"CI coul d lea,n I Ie..'........... "'J111 N""". y aloout adv.ncing tiltP"""" and righ15 of ............. AI I.... end oftJ. day .... wiR III" bo> abl<' 10 "-'WnSlruct

our co"ntry on the fo" nd. tIOO 01 goodin""'bono; _......d w"'....bIP I nd do>mo-­aahe inot'luliorlt.nd prlCtictO tNl W1llthn vt ift • cullUlT of ~lity. """" Ind.......

f4ar~"'''' ...-r 'M_le<C ...,at._IrI ....... ,1e.

~_ poIiooo. III Itw ....... ~, thO'm,1liW'y~ IlIlINcipabtilo!. 10<'SUb­bsh Municipal Equ.ol SU.... Comm_ 10MI,''''''''' lhO' ob,orn-. 01 tho:-~ St.....Act II local lotwL n...,.. m;:.y IIw ppm..ldvl" Ind gUld,ne. of Ih~ Eq l StatusCouncil.nd hav~ had I n-,o...",.blc influ­

PIIC.. w"""" ""'" hav.. bMJ impkmmkd.n--lIIl'<han........ , nd insIituloons w....

furlh<>r ""trmcho:d l>y lilt- Equal St.1lu.~ Adof 1~ i9. Th Introd u,lion of the Act.1••:1.0"", "Thi. Ad .hall promo!<' eqllal sla­lU> bo!w'~'n Ihe ......~ I nd l im. t" ImpnlVetho.' situation of WOmen. Th.. pu~lic luthurl·tih s hill !. cHiW t eq ul li ty of . I.IIISt>e;w""" lhe ""t'S in .ll oedo,,; of soci<'Iy.WOmtn Ind m~n . h l ll bf, giv~ n <'"qu ilopro""n,l;"'; lor lI'duc.. tioo. ""ploymC"l1I.cultu,,1 Ind p , ,,f .... ;" n.1 I dv.nce­menl.. .Dt<ocrimlnlli"n bo1Wffn m..., andwonwn IS ...~ P""",!It'd" n.. law also Sl'I

up 1"'0 'ftOlIlu h on, _ III Eq " , 1 51. 1".Ombud>tnan . I'd ... E...... Statuo Arf'NIBo...i _10~ lhrAct.

NorwegWI law lbo introducN • quotI' y5lrm '0 flcilill t~ oppo, tun ,ti r s for.......... 10 d...-ft>p 11110 positions rA infIu­""""' IIId p"""". A l'Ill\IllIUlI\ of 40 f'O"Cftltof ...thtr I:e<sder "',," br~totd in

Can Ptetorlll emulate Oslo In leg islating

lor eq l.l811ty between the se.-es? EDGARP1ETERSE gives hili y~

Women take theirrightful place

N"rw~y Iud. th. way amollgadvanced . countri. . o nWOt\'W:fl'. nghl' andp~.

particularly wilh "'8"rd 10 ....ploy­menl opponulllln. "",".1 p.or for~I wad~ panio",,_ ill polit-ical institutioM. lluoldlio.nnm\ isI'" prod UCT<:>f • 1,,,,. and intensestnI"'" by '"""'''II in Norway 10-m tbnr~.. and thooor of tM,

-~11 ako is the prudllCl of the Equal

5Utuo Council~ in 1m 10

1"000lCM oquohty boon.--. lIWfI.nd ............ia ..u !Wdon; I"" f.llIIly. W<Jrk. NUUl10n.and lht m..d..- <;'OIIImun"y. tn pur>Ui1oflh~ "blte"""-' th.. (<>ul\ell m<'di".....betw..... ltOVf'TTl"""'1. womm". ""lI.nl_bono .nd Ih.. bro.d" public_]1. "'Vl'Il

lIIl'1!I!>rr.;, plus 'n idministr.h"" romp>nent. I\'f'R'"'.'III ,h.. ""'I"'" poIltic.1 f"rlies.the Norwegi.ln MoW..", of T.old.. Uni..mand the Co nfederation 01 Nor wegianllusint'Sll and Industry. The o\>;t'<tive is 10secure the ('On ...,,,,,. of . lIt h.. key . tak...holden; of ",,!Ilk.! and t:<:<momk pow.... inNorway.

Wheth er ,h.... ap plicable to Sout hAtria call be d.wtnll>K.u... it i. rootedin . $Oci.ol (0111'''''' poIillcal fr.mewor\:; - .decisioll-fNlLing f'"'Ct"'6 tt.-d Oil 11'<"<1;"1­ing tho> dilf.......t in~. of ~b<>ur, lou.i·""" and the SU",. In Olhtr ...,-...b, .;gnifi·Glnt potiOn ","'-f t<> t.. ~oti.It"" by .11"""..I .dor. 10 lIl in im i,~ co nnic t .nd_.~

In 1'1i7 tJ.(OUIln/'• .t'foob ......1wd in alNpartllW1lt of F. mily AII.i,.,. alld EqUolIStaIUl, Ioaolotd in 1M M,n""ry of Familyand eon......... A!tarn, ..iti<It ...ugh! 10....o,dinat~ and I..,.... Ih"lov~,nm~nr.

OVomxl~ tM IoaJ ill till. In~""",~ ..id I"'p,""",~ll v~ of Ih~ Town ,nd Country......~ trut h i. Ihl l Norwl Y i. lbout th..

IIlO6I do>cmltlliofd 'Y1I"" I koow 01. Ou,")'S!ftrI has ""'Ill#,! to k.-.p tM pmplwryaJtvo. m in II"""" unill""' WIY."

lncAl democrl<)' in Norw.y Ilreil grow­ing rang. 01 c....l1...,~, n....... i. gro>al con­U , n in .ome q UI,len I h ~ t if . nd whO'nNorw.y P"" lhe fEe lhe rootly .pe<:il l f"'>­Visions in ""'f"'Cl " r th.. rmphery will laU.w.y Ind I much m".... «,nl, "hsed "Y'temwilll'W>lve.

The". ;, .00 I n undl"lnlln'flt 01 rnhcismaboul I.... proI.....k'l\llL..""" uf 100:.1 govl'm-­1JWnI. Polilics i!. hocoming u-., j<1b of t ' f""tSIIId Ih..... is I wid""f'l"'.Id I....lin,t:, tha t La ypoople haw kIM thei, ,,"v.

The modd dnnon-acr Ihil ;, N<00w'Y No

bo>t.1l~ bwa..... oI,b .....U~_ f'<'f"UY'"'" ..nd In """"""'''8 1ffIu­........ nu, La""" pilla, ill under thn>ll_Tho><'COnomy ;., .tTU " lIng. Th~~ i. g""wingu"""'Mmmt. The oil """.....~ tNt hawunderpio ni'd <'COnomic growlh in n'Cffl thml.$l'e f i nil~ . Thi. "...,,, ,re cr"nch i./luing lo p...' "o ndly t hallenge Ihe ....tlonalronsmsw; in lulu .

Amongst tilt' id rhal ""ve R'I....'.""" 100"'" cu"""I ";lalkm Itt"

• Th~ F..... COlll munn hpt'rimrn l which. 1I 0w. renaio mlln icipallti es 10 exploredemoculk and admlni. l<ahw m<'Chani,,,,,,no! permittt'd by lo.~i,.)., lioo •• pilot pro""",for t.... loc.al gov""''''''''1"!'Slem as I ....I>0Io>

• Th~ lou l , .....mm~nt lu nd ing . y<;tt-mwhid!~ equity .>cfO!;O IIw """ntry Ind!wi ployi'd • dteiM~ tuIr in "",intsining a-.nil f""'iplll'f)'. The gtilnl lor earn munici-

""lily is u kulalotd ~ ......... oil lonnulaw ....... tJ. ..... io thaI ......" mwucrp;oIily 11Mto~l~nmWMoIgm~ ~~

tsti"",rotd a",,.~ cost de~nding on the

nom"'" IIId rornf"'5llion rA tho:- J'Uf'Ulitton.· Soulh AfTlCl 111.1 Norway find th m­

>tlvl.$ I t oppo.it~ md. 01 the democr. ticP""-""'- '/00 ......rugghllg 10 Cll)31o> dl'lTlOC­'ocy f", l ilt' fl'. 1h...... We are ,truggling to

PlI."Wnt our modo>I d......,.--,ocy from dffihnto>­g,ahng: we we'~ told by Ihe Town . ndCounrry "'p......' n1ah ' ·•. Th..... is " truth inlhis. P~'hip' tM gft'at",! ks",,,, is Ih.I, fo,d..-rnocrary. lhe... .. never room for compla­cency, It i...." In erid 01110> thaI is ochitvedby. country . ' ..>nit f'Jiol in it> hisl"')' bu tIoOlTl<'"thing thaI"," alwl)'5 to be.mwn Joe.

Dorio! S<tuoUdt .. I.....·. . .... d;_in-- -••

POPULATION

More than pawns ina numbers game

In a~g """,try blt Soulh Am.:.how 10Kiurw lhf fine~ toot-......lim'led mour....s and Ih.. at'C'd~ of u

... pud .ng populal,o n wu a e" tin l.......In hi. o~nin[t . dd ..... 10 Ih mina r

HSRC .........n:lwr JONn Vln ZyI od I pro-senl populohOll growth to ppro.urw~ly Vpe"""l) ouulri rf""l l.... IProllOm" !V""'lbrotelbelow 2 p'..m·nU. U.......,gb ;n. ....... 10be " ..II..d fur Ih "dely, In Konomiegrowlh ,.Ie of bl.~ n l and 5 pen:""1 "'1.'

"""'"Two WlW. ...""' J~b'led .1 "0"'" 1""8Ih:Ih.. """.I lot a population policy .nd IheIlftd fOT . progr.m"", 10 cu,b population

.-nOn In.. """ 1'1100, • piclu", of d.-n ......

p",nled by «unumi.l j"Nn lord• • n, ..horega,d . In.. popu l.U"n i...... a. Soul hAIm'. " Ii"", bomb" aoo P"'J'Illo'Il'o a two­dtild lauuty 10 b.o enIoond e oifin.ol policy.He ..lid oconomic _ _ ohould bP used

1IO rontrol konilrty and olmliwhonf~...pan<W dr......lICaIly.

SIwply "t'J"*d 10 IonWn plhfllR'Tyllimpi, , lorIdwo,u. lor ov :0 y.....wilh In.. f'IInnnl P.....lhood A......a..boft.who 00IId !hit tilt ....." _ pob<y •....,,),; a

du116<>wJ, "'Y or-".5N .... offidII policyIIad worbd as-~ lor • ....." lime

Wide -.gree",eul on the urgency 01 MldlWUlng South Arne-',popu~ growth rail dlssotved Into holly conIested policy

.nc! poill ial l deNlI on how to 00 .bout h . BEA ROBERTSreport. on • ~IIdaSil seminar In Pretorla.

• nd ''JUt<! nih" llull ~~ should bo­ca.... I...

Ahhou&h IhI' rn-~I Us 110offici.1 po r Ull liun policy. I popu LaI;lIftd~~......... (f'OI'l """'" IIIOf""",ti"" fur I numboor of ".. 1M PDf'folio.., I rom~"'" I pproKh of~nomk urhfl.......' 110"11 "' ilh rommunity<'due.lion and inf,,",,,,lio"-

David MII.I. i fl'l' m ellntuJ...... ""i<"<!<'dthe PDP out "I horut SlIying IMi traditionalI"'d,..... w",,!J n,~ , uF'f'>rt it until. dom><>­""lk g",,,,mtnl'lll w.. in plac.",

Dr Il.k·n Il " f I.... ANC mid. it c1"".why no ru"' 'I"''lI:,..mmt"l rou ld~,Unti l 110m "," I _ <'OO>lilution, she wid.

urdt",,')' p"'f'lo wuuld "'~ In"" lh<> <"'te. II...os imF"""'tin I"'" f"'Ol'W fdI ow...........ip 0/...h.I_ progTlmm. ,,' policy was imrle-

- ""A1t"""P' I.... A.-.c t..d no rlnr popul...lion p>!i<y. oJw .kril"/wd • h ..... ,,"'" .....ttunwhidl sudl polio:y o:uuJ.I hi' wurkN 0ClI: I!lI'",ull.bl.. cl .. tnbu li".. " ,~urcK. ,h•~n, of If'l""P'io'lt' !<da~. _e(XI~ .wwlopawnt /irwl>ring of ......U~ and ... poomndu tIw uplilmwrtt of-Borba,.. lOupYn d IN Wmw!t'. H....1tttl'fOIfd..,..nd<od • w'm"'&- ""ying W I itwe Nt,·10 INlt slit> W_to withoul

~".,~.... mm: fn-~":-. ­ff SCUO....04.' I<W-o.c.l,,~.

8J(l..~.. _ Oa.-DM

puU,..,; lhotrt mlo P"~' She dla llo;>ngnl.n ..a rh.., comm..nl rhal f er dllid re"..ould · f • " om..n - I 10 do ..hal'Th n"thing calling "'omen bPh.reIhry IIad a<W5O 10 !J,.ill< training. ed""'liuIl.nd jI*",

Klugm. n .1." ...,d rb . l givlIlg women."' 10 conlr. ' <'J'llon w.~ nul en"ugh iflhi ,," l 1I,1l".. t'<f ..Uh prop'" ,areW"m~" "'~ only n....-J ,'<I birlh control . butbad Ihe " ghl lu ["1' .m~.rs .nd I",at"",nt10' lnferillily . nd ....u. lly I•• ""milled di<­

'<-Sptal llIg froln IlL.. npo.""""",,, 01 WfJ'WIg

in I.... rural ",.,.... G,oKO' W ....bo .added 1<'Ihj" f'O' ntintc 10 I"" p"temllilitic 1",1ud... ofmedi<.al l nd ""..meditIJ >tatl low. rtIs run!w"""",,. Sht called for~ucation 01 sudIf""""",1WI and _ ..... lhal rontml ol' f...·Iilil)' would IOOC impruw if women _ fIIJl

""lul.l p"ll( ipallh ill polld es and p roc­gr......... fufldllIWfIlI1Iy afi«tiftg thrir.....,.Th~ Nul <ul lu... <. Iled iO<' I . pt<if;<

.pprwdI kl .....~uaooouod th5 rouId fIIJl

be impo::-d br acAJmo SIw chaIns""p"~'" IN 10 Wp ltworisiJo«.row II.. f">f'Ula\igf\ J""bIc'on and 10 (lllnI'

10 I.... rural~ 10 see lhf ""rob ....lilt'"

Support across the board for a state with manyII, kEll l" HAJ.RIS

A"-"'Yn' ld.b.o rvmifIJI """,illl' mbllcd-0.... N.J1ion, Many Fail,," - RelipuusF•...-d"m and • "~w C" MhIUl io,, ·

provobd Iiv~ly d l'b'I ~, hUI . 1", .Im,,'"univ..~1 con...Mu. 011 lh.. impor1. n.... "Ifreedom of ...ligt<on in a .........J1ar uni!.>ry M'1e'b<>ing en.'>hri"''<1 in . nl'W s..",lh Alri<.n ron·. ti lunon.

Con. lilution.1 ~. pe'l, Ch,i. lui H~yn"I>o>g.n wIth .n .l1l'«I010 . lln but"" 10 PlulKN S'" whk h . ummed up how 10 Mndlesil...II" ,," wh..... 'Y"loIm' of belirl d ..hod,two brol h~.. had 10 ~hl'" I f.,m KN g...~vioord "'"" ol' Ihtm to diridf the lind. and

•

to g; v.. Ih.. nt h.., fi n l

""""H~y " id Ihl l fromtil;. poctI .... ...- ti>ler-.n • w<>o ld h.v.. 10.I ;". rukoo nolallng I" Ib<-new Snulh Af'icl ..h",., ,,Iution. " ould 1>..• <{"('plal>l~ 10 aU. t't'glrd·~ oI l'l'ligion

Bolh the ehai'f"'!"l>'\ 01I.... ron.ti lullOflll rommil'I"" of Ihe Alrih,,~.

VrylK'ld,I'gllnj\ and Ih. ~ SMIlItfT: ' SACP~ioroSA C" mmuni.1 PlIly'. 11w ...."..,~"'m'!iDn ·.

emlral """miU.... rep­T~nlltiv .. dd.nd..dI'l'Iipou. rr-tom.

Ho.....v.., . lhO' <"m·mon gr" und ..nded..hrn P,of And'ir'Raalh ",11,'<1 lhe St'<1l1arol. le • · mylh· . nd..gu~d lhal religio u•dlv"",ily could only belC<ommo-dlled in •mul t,· d im .. n.i"nalmod.l lin Alril.nerlila ... """Id uphold I'l'Ii­gio". fr......om ;n it'

TRAINING

Among key Interna llonal models lor l lll lning tor democracy Islhe so-called "Model United Nations" con 'erence . Canadianresearcher JOAN OEVRAUN . who hat do ne some 01 thegroundwork 'Dr IdaH 's recently established TllI lnlng centre'or Democracy In Johannesburg, explains the concept.

Pushing democracyala United Nations

Democra')' hosted Africa', first MUN con­f~.nd simulated the g~ingcounrilof t~e UN Dev. lupment Agency (UNDAI,. ny variety of ",Ievant developmental is.'Ul$could be add ...--d by studenl participants.rre.. ing cu rrent issues concerningdemocrali..lion and developm~ nt. for",ample. could be d",lt Wlth ",ali. tical1y byyout ~ in an MUN format. Cert.inly if th.""",lution" pa•.ed by MUN delegates ar<:adopled by tbe real UN it ""><lid not be theIi ,s t lime. This wa s the ca,. wilh Ihenational Canadian MUN which 1 at t""d.das the "ambassad or" to Afghani,tan in 1987,The ht'flefits of.n MUN conferon", in SouthAfrica would. in .Ulikelihood . be similar tothose e' I"' , i",,<l'd by participant. aroundthewurld,

Idea lly. the MUN serv... as an educationalforum, In ON,,, to persu.de other mcmbo,­. Iat.... tM 'ludenl "ambassador' mU.,t naton ly know his or her a..ig n'-'<l country' .position On the i&.sues but also .,,'Iri,.., 1""'­",asive writing and ."",king ahil i ~t"S and~,ert l.ad'Nhip a nd diplom. tic abilities.Id••lly, Ihe MUN eXp" rien"" provid es th.,tudenl with an aPf""clatlOll 01 the , kill!; 01,"u""",,iog.. n~g<>liati ng, cUn"''''"s buildingand rompromise.

In contra.t 10 the Neb ras ka MUN. t~ e

Eu'ope.T1 Internationa l MUN conferenceITEI MlJNJ in The Hague has a moreconcen­traled a nd, in my e, ti m. tion, .uperioragt'lida,

Having attended TEIMlJN in July 1990.p1>ying the role of judge On the Intern.tiIl...1Commission 01 Jurist,. I can allest to it beinga , uperb e.perience. TElMUN wa. estab­lished in 1985 by The lJ n i t~d NationsAS6OCIdtion of the UlIItt'ci St,tes of America(UNA-USA) and is now organi..d by t~.

Dutch Student, ' A>sociation.UNA-USA is in lact "m<lrl: than willing"

to .,si,t in setting up an MUN compo""nt toId. ..·, training ""nt ...., whic~ i, an optionthe in, tit u le cou ld ,er iou.ly con. ide ,Invitation, to Africa', firs l MUN cou ld beiss ued worldwid~ to past r articipa nts ofother internatIOnal !t-flJNs.

While the r henom"non of Mod elUmtl'd N. hon. (MUN) conf......n"'"i. prolific 'n North Americ. with

almo>t ."cr)' uni"ersiry hooting it. owo. il"". unly jusl >I.tted in Eun>p<:.nd """"'"vlrlu all y non-exi"enl in l atin America .Alrica and A,ia. wilh the notable ex""plionof lhelntffilillional MUN 1JITokyo

E....ntially an MUN .. a .....Ii.tie simul.­~on 01 th~ actual Unitl'd N.ho,," .nd its var­lou. organs. The participant> a", studentsMUN. usua lly simulate the aetivitiel oIlheSecurity Council (SC) or General Msembl y(C A) .nd ii, commiU,-""" Student partici·p.nt••ssume th. rol.. 01 diplom.tic ....pre­.~ntatlv" to th e UN . nd con.ider UN.gend. it"",,-

M.ally. th rough rol. pl.;l}'in~ thoy wtllacqui'" a greater under:standing of gluhallssu... and Ih. ro mr le, ili... of the interna·lional .y"I~m , Although the GA and SC . ....tnelllO!'l fnoqu""tly simulated bod i.., virtu ­ally any ;nl~malional org.ni..~"n can be. dapll...:! to • mod~1 cool,,,,,,,,,,,.

For example. the Nebraska MUN. I->o/; t'-'<lby lh. Uruv""iry of Nebraska. i. one whienc<>vo" a v...-y bnJdd and aU-oncompa",ingagenda. In 1m the folloWing agooda itt'1t\Swe", discu.sed by the CA : diSdrmam.nt,the plight ol.bong;n.1 peopl... tlo. situa­tiun in South-Easl A'la, Aid, and immigra·tion . Zioni;m ..' rocism. prisoners of con­""iffiCC, tM Kurdish qu..tion. the si lua ~on

in the oocupW tmiton.. aod ct~,..,.territ.,.

rial sub-nationali;m.Th••grnda item, lor t~e Economic and

Soc..1Couocil (ECO>iOC) were mtem.~on.1

banking and limiting the p",litability 01munition'> m.n"f.ctu ...... In addition. therewas also an Ec t>S<lC " >",,,,1osion ,m """logywhich di.'\CUsoed a rang. of i"",,,,, in ...pa­rate working grouP'-

This agt'nd a s ~ ou l d probably b~ I...ambiti,,,,s and m"", focused. Wh.>t b<-comesapp"r<:nl from consid~ring the agenda 01 theN.braska MUN. however, is I""t any issll<'of int.....t to th. UN or one of it. many ......cia~sed ag. n" .. could "" addfL....ed

For I'Mmrle. if Idasa' , Trainlng Cenl.... for

religions in SAro"""tiMion), R.1.ymond SullT1er oi llie SACI'advocated • "secular slate with" ,miUly ....li­gions" and <aid the SACI' recosni...-d th~

importall('(' of rehl;ion in p<'Of'le', live.. butJelt il W{l\jld be imp"n.l1isllo retaln lhe cur­""'1pn-feMlc, giv~n to Chrishanity.

Prof Willem Saav ma n ol l he rrelOriaCentral bunch 01 i h. African NationalCongre.... <aid Ihe ANC , urportl'd .. littl~

slate inlt-rvmlloo in I\'ligiun as pu". ible. Heb.>lievl'd South African SCJdety would onlybe I"", il it allol'>"'" irs cilizellS to pray In the"unknown god".

k o"" Hani, i . " 1'<'8;0,,01 «>-<I,di"""'';nId..... P..lo'-;. offi~.

Gmt"" ..... ·' Don,d Mlhllsi: " lAw fo,";I~

."' . frJrm <if ""'~ "Iy·-

with which wom~n haw 10 ro r '" - l.1c~ of",hool., transport. he.>hh ""'''' and, aJd,..:! h,lha~ opprt'S'ion under triliallaw••nd cui­

••II wou ld 5l'I'm lha t 10' now. lhe polilical

process is llie . ingle ma~" faro>r fn.«lrotingefforts to find $Olutions to lhe problem.

"

REGIONAl REPORTS

Gardlal "'" '"" LhHhrn>]d.-vnI" 'rdoIr

v~ry wDTrylng m.al~;s<> 01 notbeU~\';n!: Ih~1 they hn~ Ih~

.bility 10 en...:1 rhdnp;e. T'IIl'yCUll!><'(j\ll'l111)' pick awav" . t Ih..agl.'fldas 01 the apf'll"nt con­tmll..r~. nut fur nne minut ..stopp,ng 10 .1 ralesiSt' .lIouthow to ~lJCn>!l!;fully wres! th..IPl l1.lbW.""dY,

Thf:o l:'lV''I'J\lI....nl I. a:rt4inlynoIall<ltJ1 '" Jt>pUll' into bt.':ing.11 Iff"" '" local fC1l'Ull\lo whichwiD,""«lively Mk It... ""'f(,n·6'blln y lI,r d......"".m.klnij:o"or from them",lvl'S. S" ,..,.tho!lr n'f'l""i<'lll.ollv... wilt ,tllnrrn rol dioo...i"",; SUI\;', tht-ywill .ut.. Ind rrnf..~. 10 ~..bound hy dt-ei.i""s re...,h"JIlul at tke md '" ,"" do)'. tfw",.,. ju<l too Il\oIny Il\t-cli:iinkrniin pt..... for '''''''.ITIllg thaI lhryr. n cunlin" .. to din. ,e rh.....

How k> ' 'I1Ipl' Wt'I' lilt' dim!..oWn" In ....halO'Vl'l" arBl. J!; whalIhe new game l~ rei lly '11 11.rout Cod""", ', OWII agunif;1,(IV'" th;. ,111' bur • 5lT\;l1l ror"..1;Vile of ",11" ,.11 reg1<''''' Ul' !IiI'thr expaienr.. " they "M~r

IocII ntg<>tiilti\>la rN«unli"".boul how ' H . or ho"," lut,Ioc"l discu-'Sion~ lNy ~,,,,,rid

lII'O'J to t.... .ap\dly disf"-"It'd.

n...ad wendil': diurlm'I\~,;.. ..1"''P'"!lie,

M.. SiI..J•• Bulh", bd van d>f'uil"ne,ende knmit,... vanN~"",nak> VI'DUl' AlIL:m6ie, 11,,\g~ .Iii> VlIOl'Tl'g um len volk­de'" I.. n~ ..n urn gelylereg'" Dr 1i1l~ terrcln~ v~n d ie5lIm<"1ewlng I" M, ""I ~ !11,n!t

va" d,e lI.'l\t'I"Infl. Wl'TkJ:O'Wl'n,~l~d..ml\'M' en prof('l;~io"d,.

1n.\LUI';es, u.u.~, lme en lam­m~ Dio: ",'il." diemneJ. om It!

,-"ra nd ... SoIl "II.., van v." u"!iO!I1 ....>!'I kom-

In 11... \'.., wy~ng n" die""nlke Vln .Ii.. l(N'n a me Infll"'tn.... m<'I 'n "'II"'d<T 1I, mho!h"" I ..n b,"..dwinn"l', he! !.I..Ell ~n Gabaron.. \"n .I i..

wi! aangesig van politiek veranderM.1ng.<ullG"~koIlt'gl' dieklml ll"Jio up w.. bItlongrikhcidv, ,, VfOUt' om oK m" "d..n hulk; "d ~f'I ~a" I ~ m "..d l~ omleruJ: m.oI lee le gMfl ell lIulp",~l l" kok",a.m, "'<'ra!

''''~" ~" 1ClId.I 1 dau.ool<t.ad" i"n ....l o r ' "II kultuTel..vl.1k teen lIull,. I!"'il'lcrim,I\t'>;'r.<mJ

Dr laWy GM'VmJll.'in nn.Ii.. rut:; h I "rau" 1jI 1\g~

lfI<'l'dlg ""' Illl'l 'n~'m8"ksle I.. begin .leu. lIul,n""',," onm" b.o" te muk I'hdie wft'U;iittlasie.

REGIONAl REPORTS

Kob lo."n..".5 U _ ..

difh.~ (Ill c.lml"'-,:.oM tJ.e.<'lied of th. rolKOllioll .:riIis CJll

tOl"liary ""'ur.llnn. In 1In:Wr toaddM06 . ll "I th_~, 1Mronf..........., decided III ~Ilsbthe OF'S Stud.nt L.ador~

forum. a ro-mdlnallns strur'Cu,.. tun by SRCs in Ih..pmvirKE.nd """"'It'd ry Idasa.

It i, proI>.1N Ih,' fiRl inilia·

•I'*lkPm .......,kom!: Ani}'" 1'1'lllf. f ""'P.hlUttSAICP ~v.SIll,,"," ,•••"" mrll1>t. otwlAiu ('! ,..d/i.n'ifJr.hviro

di~ hewek van Dr Van Zylso_

Mnr ROh...he!. d&JrW~dal bfla~f;rll1e ek(l!!oll!~"iniI;LlIH'...... noed& OIIdtlDti3ll Iiin die YO"" "an till> It! nd­komin&" oan die VGV Ont­wikkrhnr;,..nlTlim - 'n iolSi­.Hef ....t die hcl..~ bftrd:,by -n "'rt>eEldin~ryke nr-r­heldwntwikkclingMbit' om all

on"""'laming Ie dil'n 101 <lito!;llUdmynOO:lryf.

AJ""wcl nrlft'llwoon:ligm.van d,e ANC en die NOIl.dOVS CIVIC bedenklnge uit­~ hr! oor w" houdillg v<IlI

~ol\lmlge ~tad...ad .lede en.mpt<'Ila,e, w", hlllle 00. diealgrml"en pWiitief 0<>1 dieg""'~!:t.. van 'n f?lu"lihl\'l\mPploNm I'U ditVr,v t'Il

die v...wogling i!l dat inisl­aUewe Ln die "erband bin­od,,,n gClle\"lll1ol1 word

Vro..er in die da& h~ Dr!>t.bbel1 ""I.. die dagboituurvan Nampo op Bolhvdlo:.,00_

nkal and IriId>er tr.rnung .....r·k!g\'J. The ~of('fftlQ' wa'l OOn·\'\'r,,'<1 by ld.a!oa and m.oo onI.... rol<> tut ,tudents can rlaytil facilitate mo", communityorftolued tert1,u'V edur..oon.

Other l..."e' Included IhedemIXnti..Uon ,,/ t~rtilty

in~HulJon., the accommoda­tion III cullural and ro11I,(.1

DQ~ briangrlk dal ve",\;l!,lend,. andrt,jJ<'l'n'nkom.tetu!lSell die belarwi~ rot­t pllen ji;esluit SllJ moet~ Oil lIOU 0I'0dft aM<>re'0 .,~l-miljlke pakl, '0.. "nomi~... pd,l en 'nllDlwikktlingsp.,kt i...lull

Dr RDnni~ B~!kl~h~m,

iJl'Of'pe.kol\llul~nl V.n JO,h" in 'r hydro"" dj~ Slb­Qtur ungesf"'OT "'lI 'n lJIl.....

kl'illt ....... bl:nad..ring 101 di..VeT;md"";ng .....t ln die' <lmr­1111: pluovln<l, te h~. Oi..dwnomlew debit botlul(ll'[ ""'I

'lI11roel-deur-h..,."..,.deli~(nl

nmgek.e<'nlJ !e v"",1r.111f "' 'IIS...p".,k oer ' II. grod-l:n.... nl.

Wl~tral''gI<'. Ell in piau"lUl ..u.a.bin"""'~gLII <lie pn­vaa! .ekIOT beh'lOT! dur l'h~

IIL!(l1S~ lI1S('nll..w~ lle.hr te.... ord om dle b<'<lryl ... 11 1<,,poor (>m ,y ~f-~w...p­

Uk~!w""rddikMid .... I.­k<>m.

• Die lOlstandl«>mln~ van 'nMeiropolJ~ Kam.... vir dkVryI;tul!.tl' G<:>u<lveld.. (VGV1,01 ' II. .oortlldyk<: onJ"lhan·<I..lJn!:"fLlnlm om nuwe rIM...Il k.. regerlnll,tnJ,klure vir dieVGV t.. Ill'<1in~ Ilct ler l<pr,lkegel"..m lydellS 'II. In(orm"lemlddagel<',vfrllad ..ring watId ~m mol <lio bllrg..•m 'I Van Wdkom. MorAlwyn Rbhr's, aangobLed Itl't.D,,~ nrltadering IS hyg....

wooo dl'Ul' v_nwooTLli!:'-1".'vun slad ...d.. en rn.-n in d!~

","",-'\ ...n brl ~a.mll...v.1 mel

OFS students rally for democracy

REGIONAl REPORTS

Peninsula wants to talk, but. ..

Prejudice, conflict examined

RDn.1 S<b <f;l..Pmd ud i"" ldi,u,

01 n\elmf".>lilJn ~o",,",l1\f'f1t inIhe a,~a. Kev i.§ue. to bedecide..ltndude the }Ioundaritsand funrtiorno uf til. 1TI<'Imp',1e~nd how it wHI re la t. tosmall~r local au,horitles.

Mr Oiv~ K''<'gIlD.lho d''P''tymayor ,iCal'" Town, .... t>c, IN>warned again." "" impo.ed501uti,,0 Irom the nahon.1

level. w'" 01 tho- V"'w ,h.tth,' ml>lropolH,n govermenl

'ihoulrl '"' "'-'1'P'\fIed by s"'-'"gloc>oJ ...,thorih... wilh ron,idl.'T­.bly rod'a ...." bound.Iit'S

Mr Rolllnd !Junln, fromPI.nMt, caut,oned ag.i"st"me..y comp,,,mi'e~" thatmlY ft·.ult from .U''11lpt. 10""""mlTllll1>te alljnl~

" dumt C ... ytR"lIlo"" t 01. ........ 'a nd a

1""".. ou_1

Nur"lnG Covncil lSA,....Cl hal;arl>itrary PO:""""; f(lf di.«'pHnewithin tn.. 1"""""imV.

Oas.o h<>pn lha t lhea.o<>eiation w,lI """0 h •national rodv.

,hop was h"w 10 deal wllhronAid in the ,",,,,,,,I en";,,,'n­menl. V.Tll'\<._ ....,1<1> 01 <>:mflJctwere add~t, ,. well a. th~

rdatio~ship between «I"illet.dlsdl'li"", autbority and Ctll\1­

mun;"'ti"nThrovlIh a variety of eWr­

dst'S. Ihe polrlicil"'nts ""plomJd,fferent nohon. of "d;,;qp!i",,­and ",ulhn'ity" as ....ell a~ Ih~

d,v...... w~y. a t~<lCher may k,'1'o1"rling" <>:""nmnicdtion in ar1dH, thNeby intl'nsifyingp<>\i'n!iaJ rnn/lict -in.t.>tioo!l

At both wotk&h,'p', manyp~rticip.nt. hl"hliI'M~d Ih~

",....I for .moor. to ...tablish an"n-going process In. _t.ifioteracti..o around tupio .uch

~ 1"",""- Erik, C".....~ c:o.ordln,t<u-

Air;can Nahenal Ci,';eoar;,..ni>.oti,m vi\idly HIl"IT.tt'dlhe Id,t point "It .. djfflrulT totoll while \Omoolle Is pointing• guo "t you. Tht> City CounriJnrve-r talh 10 you - II IU~1

.w;~ off your Hgh\!l"In the whuJo.· of the Wt'Sl,om

ul'" pr<>plr have been .;quai­ling lor y~,,...l>ut new build­Ing~ are !lu,ng up in the city

ll', "" """r"In .pite of th... strongly

e\prt-.l o;I.'1\l;mml" P<'rl'd­I"'nl' TeS4,llvN to pum... viSor­"".Iy th. ""t.bjj~hm.nlof •lurum to thrash out a negolia·lion process. The posslbllilyw~" 'ai"·o.l Illat th~ Cit}'futuft"i ",,"m.r...nes m"ld behelpful In tha n>gard

Theft' w~, con..nsu. IIN'UIth~ ill<'Vllab,litv ot ""me torm

bulh ;n he.lth c.rr 1""_IIrarn",e' and theit "wn~dmiJ\LOlf;III,m

SI'me of Ihe challengeswh;~h fac.. OMan Ml' Iheopprl'Ssian <>, oUJ'S<'l bj' oIh~rn""',,. and the .!>senc~ of arourl of .pf"'a! 10, nu"",,,. (AIthe momenl tlw 'ioulh African

[I~MM'l(l r:ONTTNI!E' fot lhe"';ch"ol. in Tran";l,on" work­shop" run by IMa', 1'I','Slltn,Cap" olli"" in conJunction wilhcd"".t",n ladlll.to... R......nl.... olkoh"p" fot 1~lIche's In­dud,-.l onIt "t. forml" -whilO'Sonly"...:hoot which h.1s """,,0<1In all TaC,"". and an"ther.1 •"ro lom""' '' «1'ItJo1 bop,n~ w doso In Il'n.>,..",. fuIu:rt,.

The lirst work,h"r foco ...d00 race and gender lo,ue,_rartirul.uly WilY" of U"roWr­ing un<onsdou. 0' Indi rectprejudices. It al,o indud"'; a

disru"'i"n "" t.nllu~gr L""","_Ihe,.,,,,,,,t!on of "stand'Jd,~.

admi~ion.and .Idllng pou­ci•• in the conlnl "I "openschoo!>.--.

The th,'ITlo of thl' other ",orl -

Nursesprescribe strongmedicine

A !<.'U"~f~ of &tomblinr; blod,,,to n<'guliatio~ about a tutu",ml'!ropohlan &(w~rnm~nl lurgrt"lller Ca!", T"wn ~'I1'erged atId.",,'5 5!'Cond Cll~' ~'ulu r~5

..,."i""r In M.lyAll pre;<'nt - &line II)) d~ko­

gar"" from a cTO....-"'-'ctinn <>1lown cuuncfls, communityslructU,,", and lnl,.....1gn>U1'" ­decl.,ro lhem~jv.." e.~ef to,l.ort 1M precess, !lui IlK"" \VOl.UllCcrt.lml.l' .boul who stumldInitiale II, how far it could O'shuuld S<'> and, very jm~t­

yotly, wN.oth.or it ("Illd get <>f/the gmund while man}' blackcommun'ti", were e~P"">'Jlc­

"'II oomumic hardship. ,'Ihm ~l

till- hand.. of the ...TIlt' alllh"ri·Ii.. 1'1''''' wanlln engage lh..min l>!l<$.

A dd.'ga'e from II><,> South

NU~Sb ,'< the E••tem Capehave d""i.i..d to take ,adical""''11'''1 and establish" demo­(lillie af6Ol;iallon /or 1l\1N!S In

"?I'M;ti"n 10 lhe mandalrlfymember.bip 01 the SouthAlr~.n Nursing A"""",iaUl/n<Sanal.

The Oem<>crahc A""'><1ahnnof Se>uth African Nunes(D.s.ml plam to IaUIICh in Julyand "''' aPf"'"<:'"d'll.'d Ida"" fnr_i.tanC'l' In d~hning drmuc:·recy wUhin tne new ....'llX'ia·

"'"The interim .ecretary forD.~n, SlsteT O"rreo Fo'ler.~.ld dfurt. to democratl.eS.na hd I.lled and thrM,n!>ter "~I Hullh. Df Rio.Vmt,'r, although affirming th."""Ien,e 015.1"", had lI<'<'O nolegal iml"'d;""",' to W 1''''''0·bo.~, uf .outher~til"'.

Sf F......... Solid llw """." w,,"

a ~ffilklhl\liIgh In a professionwhich fnr yean ha. beenunyielding ;0 r""""OSe toOlmll'5' ""JU"Sts for demo<:r.ticd",,;,;on-nla kinll m""h.nisms

BOOKS

A'proper' look atco-operation in southern Africa

•• (ONr: Ie to

coo '" } ' - r '-,-t."::),,

E(OI~Uhll(INHRD£PEHDENCE

•SOUTHERNAFRKA

ECONOMI C INTER.DEI"ENDENCE IN SOUTH·ER N AfR ICA, FROMa>NFUCT TO CQ.OPEIL\.nON? by J6MO'''' Blo....,...'fld, O ",o' d Vn l.... . . Uy...... .m.

By"-' 'llfrn.1VA!li l'o"IR'WnAlC

1",,'1 it wonderful "" ..., th.p.arthrid'. d"",h.... Iho"Ulllnn of """Itwm Afncl

.~ fi ....U,.~lnllln' to workkl¢Iwr otpin? IlIlK1, iI tM~ ... to~.c. 10 fwtIwr~ inlt1&par~ .and to brmSIo fnll_ tlw poltbcaIidml ol I~ alIJIIJI<IIIlIIAri<fC, would IIJQl boo 10 1M mutu.oJ bftwfH of III ;11 1M~?

Tho~ llowmg from I >ridt ' "anfty01~;xcpk ud pobl>aoOM ...... 10

india~ so. TM.... i. ~rt.lIIly ItO IMk of..amP'" to~tha~_

ta.B 01 tho, SADF 1ft InUlIftg AftgoIon d­dion 10 hft IIllM'. from undftllUlh .....:I ,;Trans..... ~ WOfUng d.-Iy wilh SADCC""""bon m count«ing tlw rn a, " <!I I""~.. dfougM; South Atnc.o" npn_Iioo was inYOlwd In m"g Moumhqut'.10;" 6 1 riM "i1IIl Tk Ii,l of SoUlhAfric.n ron.r. ". itlwolnd ill u , i"",I'fIliod:' in 1M n.>gion gooo on .nd 01\. Inc! 10growing daily.~. lho> region.ol po~lic.llond,,'~.

Yiewtd ' hrough Soulh Ame", "'". Ioobpromising. Th.. cl.ys .... M,n..l p.orty,I'ln a nd .. f d... t.biJi..lion OW" .I'Mido.nt n.. KIork', diplom.olic <:nINollr Ifllo

Afric.a is IIOlhing 10M ,""" I tour de Iorno,.nd tIw vnlum. of tr~. ill illCf'l'..ing toll'"

romitIInlly.Cl. ..I)', l h •• drv .fopm.nt., vi.woel

10g. lh••, c"". I•••trong imp",,,ion of aregion putting p.. t h".tili ti., ,,"hind andI'I'&dting 00110 a . ..."'" fulu"', NW on ""'"opt'ration which will bmofit .n,

No! """'Yo...., how"".r, .h..... this vWw,Many IC.ldemio . Blull'ol'nf. 1d ''''''''g Ihrm- warn Ih. t Ih. lulu ... of ooulh.rn Alrl,"mighl nol bo> "' l'O!ly .. politici.ln. prwl l<l.rn... writon a'" for a m....u,... of ",ali.mwhen tho polilical Ind «onomi~ lutu,... oflhiJ r<'gion is ronsidt'n'd . In fact, I cunof)'

~"'" at 1M hlmllul'f' "" 1Mro-gion rt'YM1o ad~""'& bSi of irn~inIO'n\!; 10 IJlNCftuI. dt"IOUIOC and «0­

.-nkally I""'5f""'" """th­emAfncl. B1........k1d'. bool.....k,.,. a rooollibuhon 10 11mgn>w1ng dtba~ by Iocusin&on ho.. lInl 10 vi. .. and~ F-l and rr-nl«VI...tI1i1<: m..hoM m """lit-

~-Indoin& .... _1aI<8 a Iwdb>k al W <OIIlnbution U tJw

"ndiaJ'" _M.ust~ 10 ...-..liona l KOnomk ""I.o tion. flh. $O"'C.I.ll~

dtpe,daoo odIooll .mel tJw (OCI/];ctmg lib­... econocnic: IhoorM' _tiIIIy ronc-­abst _ In llIurnftIfftd'. _ . rIftlM UIIwwa~ "- Ito farl f"""""d 10100 a...lDfa<tory or frwttul point of~ alit...lion he lrin to I'Ktity by ' n-risi tiflgdtpelldEilu .mel h'ltid.paodt-nQo·~U In f<II' IlIurnonI81 m.1ad of a pmper~ in~~1l'iI-

Iioni INdo lD """t*'<<£j>tU... ond inhii otudy .... _ out lD dobuni: a""""""'" of"""".........,..,..' It is not apartheid per sewhich constitutes the coreinh ibition for closereconomic rela tions insouthe rn Africa'

In po rti<ulor, 1>0 tak., ioIlw with tho fl irly..mpbsti( bul ofuon htard ".gummt that tho.....ding of .""rthrid will br i""tNm..,,l.ol inO'&Olvi ng euee region'. «onomic prob­l.m., According 10 him, -Th. m• •sage 01thi.llludy iI th. t it If not apartheid per '"which conIlHul" lhe co", inhibition lord-. « onomic ",ll liollf In southern Africa,bUI rJl h.. th e lick of a ny ov. rridi ngcommon poilticil in!t'teoi in ...al «onomicint''llrllion" (p9l,

Blum~nfeld .ub.la~ tiat.. thi' tll.,i. bypointing. fin~ to 11>0 historical d....dopme~!

of <'<"On<lmic " change ""ario:a in W n,gio~

lpart ""'" 01 hi> 5ludyl,IM how !II;' b«.ame

the SIIUm' 01 conflict and poIftIrW 6isi_g:ration , nu. historicallPUlflination h'\'N.bthol, from the-. I booen a pet'.

pelual l.... ion bel n tht integ rativtruJ- ......-. from the underlfin« UIUIyof the "'5lOnal KO"""'y, and lhe lack ofpolitr.olllllJ"ll- _"nk any /ann 01 Ufti.ti~ political a u thorily ov•• lht wider~ IlIwnatfftel 10 be lalUng of avacillation belw two poMliOlllo, 01' lheworking 01~ and (Eillb 'f"'UI~in tJw ...pm. In lUI vWw,~ a><Jf'ti'0allOlI and inl~.. ti(lft hav, laff<l btsl inporio><k. ......... lM't "- lwlI an ""-Wlflg.and widely fhue.d, pobtol in_ '" lht,.-.. ......'A balance of prosperity insouthern Africa will Mdetermined within theregion ifMolf'

How",,,, tJte.., cond llio... hav. n,Vf1pena,n~ ~ lhf1 long ...ough o r wld.lyenough 10 carry Ih . ffgion d« l'i\',lylOWaIdJ economic .......... Itt u- poIitnlwuon. In~ ..hal tJw p""'(';I1 in_01 tJw~ itI'" ha", stmIIgIy~,1M strue!llraJ imperati_ foe f(Ol>(I<ft\c _

OJ"""tion ha"'"""," UIId.,~ lottaiJI.lead ing to h.ight,nf'd con flict 0 \'" thtI\lluI'f' and "'"'" of the f1CNnv hetwMlthem. Importan tly, Blum.nMd points outtNt tJw teMion betwetiI «OfIOlI'\lc afld politoi<.af ;,u~ in m. region .... alwaY' bmIromplicl.ted by m. rontradictofy 1n0_" 'hick Iris(, from lilt fact oIlh. «OlI<,lmicdomina nc. u t rclsed by a nd from Iht.conomic hurtland ctnlITf d On IhtWilwl\f1lIron<!.

This I nalysi. Iud. Blumen feld toconclude Ika t there art few obitctivtground . lor belitvi ng thl t this inhibition(th~ lack of inceotiv., k". economic CO-Uf'f1"alioo ) will be . ignificl ntly . roded if andwken South Africa achi...."" d, mocrl CY' By00 Irguing. h. 1m ...... I I 0". of Ih. bigs..'o\Ktldet in the wlY of do..... OC'OIIL>mlc ee­Op<'l"ltion and integ,..tion; "Ao!he rountlifoo01 W••t. rn Europe are d iKOVITing, ..a l

'0".22

BOOKS

Workers on thecentre stage

'-"""'IOlIUc inl..,.,.~ tiotl invol""" tn.. ",...n sur­rmd.... 10 "~Iff or~ "1HIt. 01 politi­cal "",,~"';snly ",,~r lhusf iM.-. poIici~

and p ro<""",, ...k~ ","en-Ignly IS p<'r­m \'N 10 boo ""*mrill" tp'll.

How tIwn don Blu""""fEoId !1ft u... post­al"rtlwid <qlioNl_y' I" his vi_.wMu~ and pohhal oUbd,ry '" <lily"'SioII .... .--.uy rooodiliono lew~P""'rontY and co-opn.liIooI. they . ",_ouificifnI condm.-. ... IfJlUC" N t I~ <00>­

dili<Jnl1or tranol.l~~ MId rar­p!1:MCMmrnI in lO "" imp...."". _""i<«I)n(IlI'>K If*gi._'-' not~ itt ......dn'IC't WIly~ Fmt. «,..... lho. rtgion's CUll­

fIKtu.Ilr&KT oI lW'Ct'11l~. itlo iUln " iJ1n.....J 10 filld way . o f (wf'.<oming Ih.f"'opt'b ,1y fOl' «l:Ift<>fNC conili<t and~~ • P""P"'0Ity fur co-<>J'E""l tion . nn.will rftluin 1M .cti .'. d""'..lop........ "Ianappropria'" poIilial.nd ID<tIIUrKm.U 1m '...."'ork "i t"i " wllidl roIlfldf'l>«.nd mutualrnpect ,.n\>to t-uill , Howeve., th • •• i.enough Hid. n,. ,h ,>I ..," • •eignly i. notlikely to bl' . urr. ndertd ve ry re.dily insouthern Afrka. II would I""M ore be pru­dent , Blumenfeld . dvis.s, to discountgrandiose Ide•• abou l • ,""uthem Af' icanrommon IN, k<t,

Second , Ihe be lie f that, in . he pm l­ap.ortMid "'. , ronRict~ Soutll Atnc..ond !he nooighbouring iU",", wiD ""0p""0l~ istoo ..mphmc. TlIoft 10 - . nd will ........i" ~

lIuoughoul l~ "'Ilion a IoplmalO' Iftl, thaiSoulh Africa . ho r gov.,,,.d . will.I....ys .... m ... ovo·, h.lminl "'0".",,1<:~ TN. ~, will rwN to to..odd....-d~ lh.ot (;I" to. any rm"f'"'d of cmmng• plU6f'"O"l$ "'110....1ordn, n"rd.SouthAinu" """",,",h,p of SAOCC will f'05'"_~MlouIK:8~""

1.. P'll(t>(t.!tIt ftIIJlham in~ Kt>­

lIOO'Iic 0H:Iptf._ it Ll~y to rmw.i" 0"""H. ad hoc. . ..01 ........h.lly !>i1.1••• 1.un...g..........n n.. ky dO'tnmi.....1of 1M.,,01. a..d><Op" of «onom" i"IO'rd"pm·dern will be lht wiIlmgnoot., &nd. .bdity. clirldi l tpnvalO'1~-... to idm-tiIy and plort pmfll&blf. opponwulie$ for<1'OS$-OOrdn t >thu Rn . 81um."I.ld . 1""""lit'""' Ihat 1M stOp" lor ......I. rn policywill boo hmilt'd, and IWO dirtoctiorls: tho-pmv;"ion 01 d. v.lop "t I•• i.t.".....ndthe ('IICour' R""'t nt " I ronHdence-buildingmeasul'('$ betW<'t'lllho- 1'O'gi0nal,tat..,

Giwn the ' ''UVt . n. ly, i,. Blumenl.ld·.final romml'llt rom... . , no ,urpn""; indro:l.it ha. bten .. id M".... INt ;,. worth "l"'at·i,,&: tilt . araclly k'I bu,ld . "bol. nee 01 pro!'"

ptrily" i" ""...th.r.. Afri•• will be deter-mini.'d within In. ioo it...u,,_ • • ft N k... .. I ....._witll

tIw SA 1_ of 1--.,-... Afl. ;'"

OUR PIl.EOOUS METAl:AfIllCA N LA BOUll. INSOUTH AFRICA'S COLDINDUSTll.l'. 1 9~1990 byWih..o l I ....... a.fordUninnily~. 19n

By ttOWAIlDCABlllELS

This book I. a ....lcom..co..Tnb...lio n hI IhedobIle on !lobout owbt

poheiH in /I:..n",,1 and ti,.dWIrng... thol l"" _' SlIIO'. .....ploy"'" andlho- !loboo.tr """""""'I ..i ll haw to ronlrorolin tht mining ind....tty in p.>tt iruLlr,

The book ill H Sy tn reold. The . Ul!lnr·, lI5<'

of . lJritf nmcl.... ion It t"" end of §om<' chap­te,..,. h. lf'!' tn cry.t. Ui.... hil vie""s in a fewlines. I am ,u'l'ri'ltll th. t he did nO! employthi' techm1'lu. throtlRboot the b<>.>l..

Jam., ,.vo th.1 "il s trike, m~ lho taltboogh w~ know ' 1\",. 1 Jr.1 . bout howI.5bour-roeniv. i...litutions oriSI....11'd andbeQme inolitlrlioNli!ot'd. ..... know r-ioosIi"'" .boul tM ('OIM!illons lind", which il.....y disoPP""r" (pag.. vill.

In Idd_ng tills qutstiorl. J_ <:hoo!e10 Idopl wh.ot II. caUs "a iSUlO' ....1rM:I anoJ.)"Os., tit is Il<>wrwr 00h5Ci0ul of "'" ......k·_ of tills~ whid! of\nl~ to

IrNI wurbn .. rnno plr act<m .Ion~t

instIIulillm of 1M iSU'" &nd. (;Ipitll. In th..book Iw -us a yalianl.!tlmf'I at~tlw _ of.....un _...., _ iSUgt.

...".a.lIy in h...""1,.... of lho- ronlr'Sl lorronIroI in ihtwmpoundt..

Although Ih~ . 1IIho. trin 10 dC"Kribt...ortu ng COl'ld,_ 011 tM mIn.... iI lach>HI insi/l:ht to I CO'l'U i.. e......t ..,01 comes

....... lourilJr.~j.o....... gi......" ...m~1 .nalyU. 01 how

tbe ClIambtr 01 M'..... KOM. soon:td itslabour surr!r I""" bolh tho- neighbouring-.t. t nd inl...... lly lrom tM homeland•.Oft theo;t 51. 1<'0 have oldopll'd .nti-""'J<hTf'O'ilion, despite I ....ir sod ah. 1 rhetoric inorder to """",... .mploy"'....t for SIgnificantnUm b<-TS of their pe"pk At time. somegovemm",,'" WOIlld actl"d y . dvise work....not to r.:.:ome inv,~vtJ with thr unions

When M.Llwl withd",... ito worw fromtM mi ..... in 1974. the COMSlanA.! to recnril....".w In"" tM Tr. ...ki .nd other I'>.>nl<'­!lou E:RI'M rxpmnw...l<'d wilh the l'I'ml,t·"'",1 01 I.bou , Imm lhe loc. 1 t" ......hi""

........,.,,;I Bobburg. This..pm._ ...... CO'l'pll lif~

TowftSlup ......u.... lIkt tho· Rhod...ian- w","ken in IIwlor.tls, .....o.c..d lht ' lIlhorit1r­iall $Iyl. 01 m.lI. s.m. nlTII_ OI'Ofh-n ...ould rrfus.eto ' p"ak lun. U lo 10 I h~i ,

....p"'.... ,...... . By .pelk''' gEngl;,h 10 mai"ly Afn k.o.n,. pukillg $u pen' i, o n Iheyohiou.ly u..d~,m,ne<l Ih..

"'lief', a.llhori!y,lamn' """\raJ.'1l..........t ill l""t the "politi·

a..tion of tilt National UNon of Minework·"'" ("'"liM) fulll>Wed d lJ'l'ct1y from il. weakp<.>silion in thr narrow collective bargail\Ulgfr.me...ork that ............ tfd . fter Wlth.hn"(page 92).

I Wlflt 10 ngue th.t the materi. 1condition, 01 mineworke.. politicised thememh. .. 01 th NUM. Stc"ndly, the(ol1«1iv. N'lI"ini"s lramework provldfdtho- uni"n ..."h tM opportu nIty to rnga~

bvth a pltal.nd tM ilia'"1M NUM !'tp't ......lt'd who Jwo:I

no legal political '/OiCO', , 0W1I ...... rd>poi" l. to the vleio... Impl.men ta tion ot. portMd leglrJaIIOlI in tile mining: UId~The opf"""6i(lft 0/ m"...work.... had two$OUfCPI. on lilt ....... /land lilt .u.~ and ,ts

polideo . nd. .. thor ol/Ift hand. 1M can.­impWavllU_ of tIww polio:ies t,- tile min<>--It should IlOl ~ surpriloin& thol "the Nl'M..mbtaced l hor C'Onn-pt ,,/ Om' p"noJl ......_ " (pail'" 1091 and deuIOn-aI1C !I<Iriohsnl~... allomatiw po/thal_

Tht oIdoJ>tion ol llw Ftnodom a..m...- ~ agoaid, ng dOC\lm. ,,1 i~ Ih. MruIl8;" in I'lliiwu .... cl tho dco-.k>p"""to thol led to the1'\"IXIgflm.... of the If.gllimacy .00 SI.'J'P"'1 ofthe AN(, mel ullilNlcly. one could ''S''''. lO"'" lInbinning ..l pubtical "'1llnis.otions..

In II> dei lln... WIth nnployen. the NL:Mn......r o' n'ptO'd th.. « lnh...·• 01 Wi..hahn '.framework. 11 in 1••1 . ,.... ti, ·dy r. ,haped .tugeth« ...ith u"i on. in both C""atu andNactu, lho- indu,ln.l ",L1 tin... trrr. in ",ith .....mbinat i" n ol l..g. l .nd org.ni,a tionol, trotegi"., evidencN In thO' "ew LabourR....li<Jns Ad

In . ..M ition the NlJM. its membf'rs andoIficwl., .....". tarpts of stale ,ep" su n andhar-.nmt .......tin\o<M.I.<Iy. Iletw...... 19l15.,.j

[Letters\19'10 1M uniM' to" ", 1M \>runt 0/ 60Iha·.51'OIn ly polic., S<ov ~ 1 un;"n office ~...potml buml...d ~nd 0/ unk'" koll<i<n~ <ktalllt'<l

Th... 10a'5"" lholl I"" UNOrli rnort<"d topoIilin t..oe~ ...... 0/ Ilw b",,-._ 0/ roJloc.IiVI' "',ynnins;'10 """plftt.ly misundoor­sU/Id u.. !lNuoy of tIw Wnar """'1"1 ,,~

T1w _ ....... 0/ tIw b.d it Il$ CODdud-

iI'I& dwpCl"f. I.. 011 w....... '" Ilw mthor. ""CI'I\«t!. thto rontu..ns ....e.:- 1Nd,. byIh,. unio.......1 th. "I\C 0 .. II«Inomicpolicy. I.. ,""~ to>. ronctu.ion thrftcriti<;AI~~'" r......t lb.1 _ ron­&unl tlw~__

•~_ b ~ f""'>bcal !M'ttImwnI ....pmcif'llly ~b<o.>l PA' orocl cool cI..o-

• Work~' ronlrol OVt'f prodllCllon pro­~ ....u 100I "" J"'S"Nt Wllhout .....­tloow uf W .... It".

• N.ohoNh..li<>n WlI"""1 ............. rontrolit bkdy 10 dr~w ....w inl<ffo,t. doser '"IMurpn"'-'<l irI_ 0/ up;toll pg 31l.Keunt <k\--t'lopcno-nl> _h <OS I"" mlnlnS

SIImm,l . nd C.....lu ~nd NMlu', d<>m.>nd.lort"" rotIbl..hmml 0/ ~n~ ""'800'aHng forum indir. w lJu.t unlOll" ~I'I' -. klngup u.. d",lI...g'" II ~ tn till' nature u/ IIIe'Inlgg l~ for p<llttie-I ~nd ","Unumic .1,,,,,,,,­racy th .t Ih uni"n, would c" nli nu" toCR'ilW lhe "f"o>Ci' 10 ....So'K<' In Ihat . truggle,An" t ~.r ,"p<'<:I i. Ih.. . Ir" ggl~ fo, Ihe

poliliCiI ind.p....d. nct of I ~e l~b<>u I

move",enl , Alrea dy CU'~IU at il. loNlnalio ...1 <ons",.. pl.«<t ""11M' lim'l' on<fttli.. """""'" holding P""i11OM lit bt>th tileunio......d pollu"l o r~......lion •.

"""-. Ilw U"""" ""... olIown tNt~N", tho will to> <'<'ftirunl buth th<o >Lot.- iOIIod~on""""-of~~ ­

~WtloUbon ,

n..",.~ .... "ulilb.r of . ....rtlOn. I~.t

oiIOuld _'0 u..d ...u....~ . suc~ a. I""btllCD_ 0/ Itw otnlos on 1M miJwo in .....book. I ","v. boffo hl<'tl.nl 10 .1...1 ,Iba...e~ I ..a. o/fIo.Il in Ilw ~\.."M

boPt_ In-! ....1 1m .1Id ,t is t~y 10tnpoDd ""lUtioI..Oy II> dr.,...t;c _ ......Olribt. I low....... the to,k>k would ",",... beftI~ ...n.nM:I d it t..d ~ dw.-- inv"";·&~lio,th,. . Iil k" ....1 upn..ng. 0.. 110.mi,.... ill lhio peri<>d _""refulIy.

BAlIUy. 1M 5....1"'- ('O","n il; lito ' 1MbaoIr....tiN hNvtly~ ml.......hnn fJOJO\ "'"'-""pIoye1's. J........... pl.oi"" th.ol the .ule 01.~ency m~J. ~cr ..... to uII",n o-ffici~"

difficult. AI"" ..'..... duculOt'nlS III the unionw. ... d ...l ruyw when t h~ polic. r. idedC"""1u Hw ... prior I" it. t.>mbing in 1'167.Nevenlk''''''' thi. to""k .hould to.> .....d l>y.1loct"" wl1o .... ill"olwd in '''''ping l.1\:our,...rket I"'I~

How. nI GoM. b b . f ~DIooti.. lftd... ..-11, .H.o<Md "' Jriodri<h EMrt

<;C;IhIDI ... Copo T.......

Tolerance isdemocratic freedom

A. I deIr. ...ed • f'lP"'" "'" f'"IbloI ....­&ntr &11"'-' kl...~ 01 whrlt

Jlhon Solon io ",mliciill ltd~ """"" to........N>loJ, "-,, p;>bbcal ........ ililCl' '" tIw

..........y • t\trtJ<ofI MoI'l"\tM' did. For"""""'" 1M roll ... WIth bbmII .....owio tho! ~ _ aU 0fIini0n0 .&qUAI...,j1I."looe~tlw~>I.1tuoquo. Tho< Ilhoral 1oIeT."", pR"'ft'1> UdJ>I.­..."""" It...~nbp.......d"'l\ poIicico..ttt.­tudeo...,j opt"""'"-~', liOIuli<>n..as. ",,11 fur int........ow towml.~IwlUdl iI .-...lolly t'\1l" (thestalUS quo).

Thi. p:rr-ertiolil III tulc..-."", is, """"t'\'<1",f""WrmaticM.lI-... it is ",It·u"", il«'!lwhichdl"!<'ml'""," 1"'-'~,fuJ .~t'fCi>I' ofClIi7..,..,· Clvilllt.>rtiIoo. Wilhool thr 1"'"'1·bilily lor p"-'pk' tu utili,.. IlIl'ir ti\'t'durn of,pt'eCh. ~""'"""ti"n . nd .....mbly (w~;';h iswhal lolrrnnc. i..U.bc"lll """~nd up wilhtho .ppl-lling In.;;d ........ 01v~ SoulhAfric.....n:' "'li'I'In"inMrighl "" .

While I ~I", Ift.l .... u'll""l for therod",""0I.rtueN1~1 ' '''''I'Yht 1eft to ....by the Joogacy of 'pl-nlwld. lhe mimi; wdln:'iNin O<l an .I;>oboctlrwl if " ""nnot brunpWrnrnioN it ....1Wft 1JIOf>C on.~ n. WIll brh.ard Iodowhen I""'J'lr do cool~ t/wI tIwir politoicaI..r.-..... >IIuuJd be acmrded 1M......nsm..t""'~

Toft'dopf' Ol,WlllnoIhu""upifm.... iI noI' drrnocrli" culture10"-'"tile...... .....Joo~~opf., .......II .. in tlooo ror>lnt t!wI .................. he"""' .. dot"... ,,,,, littdtw

.-~U"","",,, ,, StoIJo • ••

Librory needsneglected

IIt 'f'lk of Itw ",.Iiti... uf tl\o, inform.otkmm l'ly. nat~...al COf\C't'm~ Ii". qua lity edu­

Cd lion in South Afric. h.I,'.l.rg~ly ignoredIibi'~rieo. ....rticulnly in bl~fk education,

C....ling. d............. ILC elboo wilhuu!Iiln,," ill Ik~ nnly ~ co_f,,,. ......"'1 "",.

""'" hut ••u"' mad to inf,-""",lion illilt.1'·"y, In 19!O lhe N<>lioN.l Commisslnn onE.C<'llerICl' in Ed",.lion in the Un;eod

Stat... made the ....nhnS d"'.......... th.ol 1Meducal>oNI lNdm ..w no"* foe Iihrari­.... or libr..-i05 in._rNt....:l to qu.ohtyed",.-.

l'iitll tho-~ dl\'ftOIty 0/ Inlorma­Ii<>n to.b<G\ .-.m.nd Iw-n~SNthAtrian poli<y ....~ ..."'" 100I be &Wily0/ "'"" I).,. otpo- ill",,",", ill thr;r ddib­...._ IiCodow I.iloc'anaM 100. .......inImtdy ttwOr~ ill .. ' ,wtms ourpolIbcallNdom. tNt~ on Iongft- mm­&'"8" ..... futuno by shM«I'C\II~ our.dllQ/1oNl and librarY--.lo.

Iu l'n\rlI .. ~.....id iomlt'linf; • .....­~~.ducmNt...:Ibr~.nd ronuncmiclbun oyMmIo ...hidI willtund.mon"Oy .ffood """""r'" well b

~brori<'O, pol")' maktn...,j hbr~""" ll>lliI

look """',.."'" IIwllhooll" the culturolval...... at<' r'rw1lyc1wnf;i1lf,. pan;cuLoriyin~n urNn environ""""\' ""'" chang... ~...slo... in lhe ru",I.",""

It io theroful'\' "'1IL"','~ble tJu.11IL'W t)l"'501 rommu~ily libi'~iWI Will h~v. ttl""""K'IM t ...·ill t.l", into ...,oun l guard ians oftraditional ",ligilln•• cu ltural ".I"",.nd00""''' hea..... ddl-n. >lory 1.1I~, ""'­Bonk_loeb w,n focu. ""'''' (In 11\0, im>tlt'di­~te cultu,~l environrn.-nt .. weU as ,·.riou,""I.....-It progr."'....... ldeoli flC~tion ...ithlhI' local nsltun! mu<l be """"".g<>d ...,j.......

'...... ..... ,_~J

Good stuff from'liberols'

IwuWd """ lI'lIdIlik to> be ..... 01 y<>tU'~.... ~.nd.......Jd hkluoAat<'

WJlIt 1"" tllr ~>b.huuI howI liN <aml' 10.... ,..........Aflt.1' writing . "".""',,",,~~owy eum for

ma"" in M.olt'h this _ 01 my <to-friend. Si"-e ee your~ "'art)'my docu ",",,1lo h<........, 1l<K>k11 /{If~~lJu.1 it in'" •~ Ihing.

I Ioll ll l>y .-ling w"" ......... I..n Loymy 1')'''' (li ""00. nn .., l ll:.d wh.ll IIhuughl w• • • · u....1t.-;< thing'. Bul ..."" l l....d ...~. wry POSltiV.IU wh.lt l.m fighl·ing 1m, II lh.....".1 In le""li"l\ docu·""-'Ilt l ha mod to,~nM written l>y wh.lt we<.U -Iibrrob- in uu r t"...nohip.So k"'-'P il up,

MY VIEW

Affirmative action:reality or fantasy?

V1n",nt William. I• • ~"".I ........-dinat"" inld...'. Wn'OTO C.p" o m ",_

By VINCENT WILUAMS

black> know what i~ good for blacks. True, ohm Ill""" whohave been discriminat1'd against understand far better whal itmeans, but it does not nllCe5S;lri!y follow that they also knowth~ solutions. Is this not tokensmj Is thisnot patronising?

The oilier app rooch to affirmative action adrnowll.'dges!hediscrepancies of the past and makes a .inc"", rornmitment kJ

address them . This is the approa<:h of the companies and insti­tutions tkal .pend millions On education.. skills Iraining.. man­"gem",,! programmes. self-IIt'lp schemes _ without lAking out

___ _ _ _ _ _ _ an advert in a glOSBy magazine each lime theydo so, II is olten th""" smallpr-scale a ffinna­tive action programmes that are more rifl>:'

tiYe, preciscly bKaUSl' they are honest and sincere.Using the analogy of a marathon race, the three key ele­

ments of affirmalive acti"n can be ~ummarised a"• ockllOwledging that ill the · IIt'WSouth Africa" marathon

tile . tarting blocks are II<JI .~gned; in fact some J>"OPIeh.VI' no staMingblocks

• find ing the means III realign, or replace, the s tartingblocks

. lJ\iIking Slln' that if runners drop out because they hawnol bt-en adequately prepared we can provide them withtile neressal}' su pport to get bdd, in there and continuethe rau'.

But 1M ullimate question rem.lins: is affirmatiw action P""'"sible? My an,w"'- is a re;ound ing YES' One has only to look attile programmes l}f the e~ra-I"'rlia.menlary organisations du r­ing the ed rly eig hties tl} see whe... affirmati ve actil}n haswl}rked, It i5 not coincidencl! that many delegates at Cod.....a... products of the early eighties. The structures created andprogrammes launched during that time helped them developtheir skills and confidence.

The key elements to th"", programmes we",:

• this is what we want to achi"""• tltis is how you Can help u. achieve our goals• we will tram you to help us achieve our goals[n conclusion, [ want to refer to an e~ample from Germany.

The (former) West Germans complain about the unproductive­ne<'l of their (Iormer) Ea,t German counterparb. One o/ficiaJ Ispoke to Mid, ' oow thai they aN part of the Westem world ,they will jost have 10 Jearn to work herder. ..!" The oflicialignored the fact that Ihe East Germans never had reasons oropportun ities to develop initiative, They were, in fact, discour­agt'd from doing so, I think that the parallel with 50uth Africais clNr,

[ personally believe affirmallve action is abou t empower­ment - about creating opportunities, ml'ChanisJrul and struc­tu .... to allow d isffllpowered groups (blacks and, particularly,women) to develop their educational, political, psychologicaland economic capacities in a sustainable manner.

Affi rmative action has be\:ome one of the buzzwords ofour lime. And like so many other.; - democracy. politi­cal tolerance. non-raciali,m - tile concept has been mi6­

understood and sometim....deliberately abused.People describe affirmative action both negatively and posi­

tiv ely ; ,orne talk about il as rever,,' di scrimination andtokenism, 0In..'n; as the means wilea'by the historical Iegacie!.of apartheid can be addressed - the words t'quaJi... lion andemp owerment come to mind

Affirmative action mNns dilleren t thingsto d ifferent people. depending on th e posi­t ion they occ upy at w urk Or in societybroad ly, A while employee .....hose job is threa lened by thecompany's affi rmative action policy could conveniently writeit off as reve~e discrimination . On the other hand , a blackemploy.... who did no! get promotion. despite tM affirmativeaction policy. could see it as mere lokenism, This is not to sug­gest that cases of reverse d iscrimination and tokenism do not-When a black I"'""n is employed instead of a more quaJi-fit'd white applicant is that affirmati ve action or reverse dis­crimination? When two out of 10 top positions in a coml"'nyare reservt'd for blacks, is that affirmative action or tokenism?Th"", are two questions to ponder.

I haw oI>servt'd two appro<lChes toaffirmative action:The first is patronising It disempowe~ people and rein ­

fum'S tile victim·s afMTlheid mentali ty. 11 amoun15 10 saying,"blacks have really had a hard time under apartlleid and wemust really help them, Why don 't we >it1 asid.... a milJiOll randor SO 10 eslabli~h a bursa ry fund, a housing subsidy schemeand such things; and why don·t we appoIn t a few black man­agers ~ nd supo.....·isu~ just to show tha t we an' an "'IUilI opp:.>r­tun itie.! company, II would rnake u. look good in the eyes ofthe world, not to mention the Sunivan Code. ..N

The following e><ample will demonstrate the cons"'luencesof SUcll a I"'tronising approach . A black person 1 know hadbeen working as an ordinary bdnk derk in Johannesburg for anumt..r of yeers a nd had always striven fllr promotion. Twoyea"" ago, he was promot"" to a managerial position: hi,salary was increased. he qualifit'd ror a mOre substantial hous­ing loon. lie was given a company car - all th.... benefits whichgo with tile position. Today, two years l.1!t"r, he is on the vergeof alcoholism, When asked why. lie replies that he canno! ropewith the prt'Ssu"-,, and expectations of his new posili,"" Whatthey d id nOl provid~ .....hen he wa. promote<:l was training forthe skills. know lt'dge and expertise required for the job, Whenhe realiS<'d that he ",as promott'd not because of hi, capabili­ties bu t because of his colour. his confid....nce and ....lf-esteemwere further undermtnt'd, resulting in the "'-""'ous wreck thathe is today.

Many of the personnel man~g~ and social rt'Sf"lns ibililyoffice", rt"lponsible lor afflrrnatlve a,1ion pclicies and pro­grammes are black. This reflects two myths: firs~y. that affir­mative action is only abou t blacks ~nd, secondly. that only

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