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Staff Selection Commission notifiesJunior Engineers (Civil, Mechanical,Electrical, Quantity Surveying &Contract) Examination, 2015Vacancies : 1000Last Date : 10.08.2015 (pg 2-11)

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T he Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations (FAO) estimat-

ed that the forest industry contributedapproximately US$ 468 billion or 1 percent of global gross value added to glob-al GDP in 2006. The total forest cover ofthe India is 69.79 million hectare which is21.23% of the total geographical area ofthe country (FSI 2013). Total annual con-sumption of wood in household construc-tion and furniture, industrial consumption,and agricultural implements is estimatedto be 48 million cum and total annual con-sumption of fuel wood for the country is216.42 m tonnes. Our forests are underextreme pressure due to over increasingpopulation. There needs a strong team offorestry professionals, scientist & woodtechnologist to optimize the consumptionof wood, resulting mitigate the burden onnatural forest. Pulp and paper represent-ed about 40 per cent of this contribution.The forestry and primary timber process-ing industry contributes huge employ-ment in primary wood processing(sawmilling, panels and pulp & paper)and forestry businesses. The vast major-ity of these businesses are among thesmall and medium sized enterprises.Wood has always provided society withits basic needs for fuel and shelter. Theaesthetic and decorative characteristicsof wood are incentives for its use in pan-eling, furniture, and architectural design.Wood products emerging from production

facilities, however, satisfy a wider varietyof human needs and wants. Consider afew of the things around us: implementsfor work; toys for play; houses, furniture,books, and newspapers; photographicfilm, and energy--conveniences andnecessities all supplied by wood. The listgoes on to include lumber, plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, pallets, andnumerous other industrial and consumercommodities; and the list continues togrow.Our society is facing diminishing suppliesof non-renewable resources andincreased costs for their procurement.

Compared to wood, non-renewableresources, such as oil and iron ore, havehigh energy requirements for conversioninto finished goods. Wood, as a renew-able resource, is an attractive alternative.Accordingly, an increase in the use ofwood and the variety of products pro-duced from it, promise a bright future forthe wood-using industries and our socie-ty.Though the history of forestry in India isvery old but processing and utilizationefficiency of wood products are not com-peting with other countries. Currently theresearch, education and extension inwood technology in India are being pur-sued by Indian Council of ForestryResearch & Education (ICFRE) underMinistry of Environment and Forests. Acomprehensive approach in the field ofwood technology will be a viable optiontowards mitigating climate change & con-servation of natural forests.EDUCATION IN WOOD TECHNOLOGYWood science & technology is an essen-tial subject offered during graduation inforestry (B.Sc. Forestry). Wood Scienceand Technology is an expanding careeropportunity for individuals interested inmaterial science, engineering, materialprocessing, chemistry, or marketing. It isan interdisciplinary field that has its foun-dation in the physical sciences, with adirect link to applications of technology.Graduates of a Wood Science and

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN WOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Hemant Kumar & Rajiv Umrao

VOL. XL NO. 15 PAGES 64 NEW DELHI 11 - 17 JULY 2015 ` 8.00

NEEM COATED UREA : USES AND BENIFITSDinesh Kumar

O ut of 17 nutrients essentiallyrequired by crop plants for their nor-

mal growth and reproduction, nitrogen(N) is generally required by them in thelargest amounts. Urea is one of the mostwidely used source of fertiliser N in theworld. It also has a high nitrogen content(46%), in comparison to many other pop-ular nitrogen sources. When applied tosoil, urea is first transformed into ammon-ical (NH4+) form after its hydrolysis andthen to nitrite (NO2-), followed by tonitrate (NO3-) forms by the process ofnitrification. Most of the crop plants usenitrate as a source of nitrogen except ricewhich prefers ammonical form over thenitrate. Though nitrification is a necessaryphenomenon for making nitrogen avail-able to crop plants, but the rapid nitrifica-tion is one of the key processes thatencourages Nitrogen losses from the soil.This leads to reduced recovery of urea-Nby crop plants. The percent recovery offertilizer N, say urea-N for example, isgenerally called as nitrogen use efficien-cy (NUE). The recovery of fertiliser N by a crop,especially through chemical fertiliserssuch as urea, in India ranges from 30 to50% for rice. One scientific study hasestimated a nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)below 33% for cereal production at theglobal scale. The unaccounted 67% fer-tiliser N escapes through different routes,such as, urea and nitrate leaching,ammonia volatilization and denitrifcationetc., which may contribute to the contam-

ination of water bodies and the atmos-phere. Thus the increased NUE anddecreased nitrogen fertiliser applicationto crops can markedly contribute to theconservation of air and water quality. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs)Urea is hydrolyzed into ammonium car-bamate in the presence of water and ure-ase enzyme when applied to soil. Theammonium carbamate dissociates intoammonical form of nitrogen and carbondioxide. The ammonical form of nitrogenis then converted to nitrate by the

process of nitrification involving twosteps. In first step, ammonium is trans-formed to nitrite and in second step,nitrite is converted to nitrate. The fasternitrification rates results in accumulationof large amounts of nitrate in soil, whichare liable to be lost easily by leachingand/or denitrification. Thus regulation ofurea hydrolysis and nitrification in agricul-tural crop production has been one of themajor strategies in overcoming these Nlosses. The nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are the

synthetic chemicals or natural productsderived from plants which slow down therate of nitrification. The use of NIs withurea has been found quite effective inincreasing the nitrogen use efficiencyacross the field crops. But the high cost ofdevelopment and subsequent registrationof effective inhibitors are serious issues intheir extensive use. NIs deactivate theammonia monooxygenase enzymeresponsible for the oxidation of ammoni-cal nitrogen to nitrite form. NIs help toretain soil N in the ammonical form for alonger time and therefore provide moreopportunities and time for its uptake bycrop plants. To reduce N losses, severalslow release materials and inhibitors ofnitrification and urease have been devel-oped and evaluated in the irrigated low-land rice and many other cereal cropsincluding sugarcane and maize. Most of the synthetic nitrificationinhibitors such as nitrapyrin, dicyandi-amide and ammonium thiosulphateremain unpopular with the Indian farmersdue to their high cost and limited avail-ability. But the coating of urea with neemoil or other neem products found a greatfavour by Indian researchers and farmersas it is much cost effective way to savethe N fertiliser. Many research studies inIndia have conclusively established thatneem oil acts as an effective nitrificationinhibitor if coated onto urea.

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Continued on page 64

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Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited requires50 Supervisor Trainee.Last Date : 31.07.2015 (pg 25)

Ordnance Factory Dehu Road requires 170Danger Building Worker, Examiner, Electrician,Turner, Miller etc.Last Date : 21 days after publication (pg 30-31)

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64 www.employmentnews.gov.in Employment News 11 - 17 July 2015

DELHI POSTAL REGD. NO. DL-SW-1/4101/2015-17U(C)-108/2015-17 Licensed to Post without prepayment RNI 28728/76 N.D.P.S.O. New Delhi 10/11.7.2015 Date of Publishing : 06.07.2015 (` 8.00)

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Printed & Published by Dr. Sadhana Rout, Additional Director General, on behalf of Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi and Printed at Amar Ujala Publication Ltd., C-21 & 22,Sector-59, Noida-201301. Published from Employment News (Ministry of I. & B.) East Block-IV, Level-5, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110066. Senior Editor - Hasan Zia

NOTICE REGARDING WINDOW ADVTSEmployment News is mandated to provide detailed information related to jobs/training/educationalopportunities to the unemployed youth from all parts including the remotest areas of the country.In accordance with the government guidelines, advertisers are requested to send detailed advertise-ment which includes information on the number of posts, age, educational qualification, experienceand mode of submission of application etc. for publication in EN/RS to help applicants get a full pic-ture of the concerned vacancy. Incomplete, sketchy or ambiguous advertisements are not acceptedby EN for publication.

The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, hassaid the Digital India programme will fulfillthe dreams of crores of Indians.Launching the digital India week in NewDelhi, Mr. Modi said the leading businesshouses have already committed to investRs. 4.5 lakh crore in the programmewhich will generate employment for 18lakh people in the country. Describingcyber-related risks as a global threat of"bloodless war", he called upon thenation's IT community to serve the entireworld by building credi-ble cyber-security sys-tems. The PrimeMinister also exhortedthe captains of India'sIT industry to boost pro-duction of electronicdevices and goods inthe country, as part ofthe "Make in India" initiative, to reducedependence on imports. He outlined hisvision of e-governance and mobile gover-nance, where all important Governmentservices are available on the mobilephone. He assured full support to youngentrepreneurs who wished to launchStart-ups. He called upon the youth toinnovate and said "Design in India" is asimportant as "Make in India."Digital India has been envisioned as anambitious umbrella programme to trans-form India into a digitally empowered socie-ty and knowledge economy. The vision ofDigital India is centred on three key areas -(i) Digital Infrastructure as a Utility toEvery Citizen, (ii) Governance & Serviceson Demand and (iii) Digital Empowermentof Citizens. Various projects/products launched orready to be launched under this initiativeare as follows:

Digital Locker System to minimize theusage of physical documents andenable sharing of e-documents acrossagencies· MyGov.in - an online platform to engagecitizens in governance, through a"Discuss", "Do" and "Disseminate"approach. Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) Mobileapp to achieve the goals of SwachhBharat Mission.eSign framework to allow citizens todigitally sign a document online using

Aadhaar authentication.The Online Registration System (ORS)under the eHospital application for pro-viding services like online registration,payment of fees and appointment,online diagnostic reports, enquiringavailability of blood online etc.National Scholarships Portal for benefi-ciaries from submission of applicationto verification, sanction and disbursal Digitize India Platform (DIP for largescale digitization of records in the coun-

try that would facilitateefficient delivery ofservices to the citizens.

Bharat Net, ahigh speed digital high-way to connect all 2.5lakh Gram Panchayats ofcountry- the world'slargest rural broadband

connectivity project using optical fibre.BSNL's Next Generation Network(NGN), to manage all types of serviceslike voice, data, multimedia/ video andother types of packet switched commu-nication services.BSNL's large scale deployment of Wi-Fihotspots throughout the country. 'Broadband Highways' as one of the pil-lars of Digital India to address the con-nectivity issue while enabling and pro-viding technologies to facilitate deliveryof services to citizens.Policy initiatives like e-KrantiFramework, Framework for Adoption ofOpen Source Software in e-Governance Systems, E-mail Policy,Use of IT Resources, ApplicationDevelopment & Re-EngineeringGuidelines for Cloud ReadyApplications.To create BPO centres in different NorthEastern states and also in smaller /mofussil towns of other states.National Centre for Flexible Electronics(NCFlexE) to promote research andinnovation in the emerging area ofFlexible Electronics.Centre of Excellence on Internet onThings (IoT) as a joint initiative of thegovernment agencies and private institu-tions such as Nasscom. (PIB Release)

DIGITAL INDIA

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has cleared a new scheme the"Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana" (PMKSY) with an outlay of Rs.50,000 crore over a period of five years .The PMKSY aims at convergenceof investments in irrigation, expand cultivable area under assured irrigation ,improve on-farm water use efficiency, enhance the adoption of precision-irri-gation and other water saving technologies, enhance recharge of aquifersand introduce sustainable water conservation practices.Centre has approved the creation of a common electronic platform which willallow farmers and traders to sell their produce to buyers anywhere in thecountry. Rs 200 crore has been allocated over a period of 3 years for thescheme to set up an online national agriculture market by integrating 585wholesale mandis across India. The move aims at providing farmers free mar-ket access to realise better price. Currently, Agriculture Produce MarketingCommittee (APMC) acts in different states and permit the first sale of cropsafter harvesting by farmers only in regulated market. Multiple licences arerequired at present to trade in different mandis within the same state. The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the institutional framework forthe National Skill Development Mission. It has also given nod for the India'sfirst integrated National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship2015. The Mission will provide a strong institutional framework at the Centreand States for implementation of skilling activities in the countryEight core infrastructure sectors grew to a 6-month high of 4.4 per cent inMay, 2015 mainly due to a surge in output of coal and refinery products.These core sectors had grown 3.8 per cent in May last year. Coal output rose7.8 per cent, refinery products output increased 7.9 per cent, and electricitygeneration rose 5.5 per cent during the month this year. Crude oil productionincreased 0.8 per cent, steel and cement grew 2.6 per cent, each, during themonth. Fertiliser output increased 1.3 per cent. But natural gas recordednegative growth of 3.1 per cent in May

NNEEWWSS DDIIGGEESSTT

Technology program have a comprehen-sive knowledge and understanding ofwood as a raw material. This knowledgeincludes the anatomical, physical, chem-ical and mechanical properties of wood.In addition, students receive training inthe major wood processing operations,Wood Seasoning, Wood Preservation,Reconstituted Wood Based Panels,Forest Products, Adhesives, TimberEngineering and Construction, ProductDesign and Fabrication, woodworkingand finishing and chemical modification.Depending upon their career interests,students supplement their knowledge ofwood as a material by a selection of addi-tional courses within a specified area.Examples of areas often chosen areindustrial engineering, business adminis-tration, personnel relations, economics,civil engineering, and chemistry. Someuniversities offer degrees in wood engi-neering as part of their engineering cur-riculum. Wood technology professionalsare considered to be appropriate man-agers for forest protection, value additionto major forestry products (woody) and tomake farmers more economically strongand globally competitive. All the aspectsrelated to Wood Technology are coveredin the form of major & minor courses. PROCEDURE OF ADMISSION In India, Forest ResearchInstitute (FRI) under ICFREis only offering the Masterdegree in WoodTechnology. The admis-sion/selection procedure inthe Master's in WoodTechnology, one can applyafter completion of gradua-tion in Science, Forestry/Agriculture/ Basic sciences etc.The process of selection in master'sdegree is through qualifying the entranceexam conducted at all India level.Similarly, for Ph.D. one can take admis-sion in the Institute of Wood Science &Technology (IWST) Bangalore,IndianPlywood Industries Research andTraining Institute(IPIRTI), Bangalore,Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute(CPPRI) & FRI. The National EligibilityTest (NET) in Forestry examination con-ducted by Agricultural ScientistRecruitment Board (ASRB) of ICAR,Pusa, New Delhi, one of the importantcertificates for lectureship, which can beattended by Post Graduate students ofWood Technology. Besides this, thePost-Doctoral Fellowship (PDF) in WoodTechnology and allied sciences is alsooffered by various National andInternational Universities /Organizations.EMPLOYMENT AND CAREER OPPOR-TUNITIES The opportunities for a satisfying careerin the Wood Science and Technologysector are wide-ranging. Currentlyemployment openings exceed the num-ber of post-graduates available to fillthem, and this shortage is expected tocontinue in future. Salaries in the field ofWood Science and Technology can becompared favorably with those offered toengineers and scientists in the country.The career advancement in this field isalso excellent. The different sectors/areas where wood technology profes-sionals are being placed are manufactur-ing, technical service, research and mar-keting.Candidates having master degreein wood technology are recruited byCentral Govt., State Govt. and ForestDepartments for the post of scientist B,handicraft promotion officer Quality

inspector and logging officer. Wood tech-nology professionals in the rural develop-ment Projects as Project officer for theactivities related to livelihood and smallscale cottage industries. In private sectorthese professionals can take up employ-ment as technical personnel either in lab-oratories and R&D companies like ITC,wood based industries depending ontheir field of specialization. Now days allretail groups or procurement agenciesetc. in hard goods section need woodtechnologist for providing technical sup-port as well as product design and devel-opment. These professionals can berecruited as Quality inspector andProduction incharge in Wood BasedIndustries like wood specimen identifica-tion, Pulp and Paper Industries, charcoalindustries, Katha Making Industry, woodpelleting, engineered wood or compositewood industries, saw milling & saw doc-toring, Resin and Turpentine Industry,Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Units,Other Wood Products Industries etc.Some industries require professionallyqualified managers having expertise inwood technology and forestry for smoothrunning of their industries. The recentsector of Biofuels and bioenergy alsoprovides good platform to the wood tech-nology professionals particularly for shortrotation timber and related energy crops.Estimation of carbon sequestration

potential and carbon trading is thenew and exciting domain for

these experts. The wood tech-nology professionals can planfor Ph.D. and PDF pro-grammes from any reputedUniversity/ Institutes in Indiaor abroad in the field of nan-

otechnology, material scienceand engineered wood for mak-

ing a career in the academic.These professionals having master's

degree alongwith NET certificate candirectly move towards academic profes-sion and join the national and interna-tional University/institution as faculty, sci-entists and research officers.Employment opportunities also exist withNGOs involved in protection and conser-vation of forest resources andCorporates having own plantations fortimber production and processing etc.Furthermore, a wood technologist canwork as a self-employed consultant forthe wood based industries and agencies. WOOD TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION The Forest Research Institute University(FRI) under ICFRE is only institute whichoffering the Master degree in WoodTechnology. Institute of Wood Science &Technology (IWST) Bangalore, IndianPlywood Industries Research and TrainingInstitute (IPIRTI), Bangalore and CentralPulp & Paper Research Institute (CPPRI),Saharanpur under Forest ResearchInstitute University, Dehradun offers thedegree, diploma & training related to woodtechnology in India. Abroad also, manyUniversities and colleges offer pro-grammes related to wood technology.(The authors are Assistant Professors inSchool of Forestry & Environment, SHIATS (Formerly Allahabad AgriculturalInstitute) U.P. India-211007 (Email- hemantfri@gmail.com)

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES...Continued from page 1

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