Vol. pp. products - Hindawi Publishing CorporationHowever, with the advent of electrospray ionization (ES) mass spectrometry has come the oppor-tunity tbr the developmentofanon-line

Journal of Automatic Chemistry, Vol. 17, No. 3 (May-June 1995), pp. 119-122

products

P.S. Analytical Ltd and Inchcape Testing Services

Since its formation in 1983, P.S. Analytical has beenco-operating with its customers to solve complex analyticalproblems. One of its initial clients was Inchcape TestingServices in St. Helens who were one of the first companiesto purchase the PSA Hydride Vapour Generator. Thisproduct and its successors have been in continual use atInchcape Testing Services.

In response to the increasing demand for lower and lowerdetection limits for analytes such as mercury, selenium,antimony and arsenic in environmental samples, especiallygroundwaters, Inchcape has sought to enhance itscapability in this area. Staff at St. Helens spent manyhours evaluating alternative methods for this work. Afterthese tests and co-operation with P.S. Analytical, Inchcapeagreed to purchase the combined Merlin Excaliburinstrument. This allows a highly flexible construction withextensive capabilities to analyse the various elements indifficult matrices and with a high degree of accuracy andprecision, even at sub ppb levels.

Inchcape Testing Services has the specific aim of beingthe most skilled and innovative team of professionals inenvironmental analytical measurement. Purchasing theP.S. Analytical Merlin Excalibur instrumentation notonly provides quality instrumentation for the job but alsoadds to the considerable resources of P.S. Analytical’sapplications expertise.

Literature on the P.S. Analytical product range is availablefrom P.S. Analytical, Arthur House, Unit 2.03 CrayfieldsIndustrial Park, Main Road, St Pauls Cray, Orpington, KentBR5 3HP, UK. Tel.: 01689 891211; fax: 01689 896009.

Injbrmation about Inchcape Testing Services is available.from Ken Hepburn, Technical Manager, Inchcape TestingServices Environmental Laboratories, Lancots Lane, St. Helens,Merseyside WA9 3ES, UK..

Atomic-emission detector

Hewlett-Packard has published an index of HP 5921Aatomic-emission detector (AED) application notes andscientific articles. The index is a resource for chemists toobtain information on how the HP 5921A AED can beused to solve analytical Challenges; it contains resourceintbrmation on subject areas that include the following:

(1) Sulphur, oxygen, lead, nickel, vanadium, iron andboron in the petroleum industry.

(2) Process impurities in the petrochemical and chemicalindustries.

(3) Hydrocarbons, pesticides, organometallics and haz-ardous waste in air, water and soil environmentalsamples.

(4) Characterization of unknown compounds in foods,flavours and fragrances.

(5) Stable isotope labels in metabolite studies.

(6) Simplified quantitation using compound-independentcalibration.

The index is available free of charge (quote 5963-6601E)fromPMG Logistics, Attn. Petra Butter, P.O. Box 533, 2130 AMHoofddorp, The Netherlands.

Analysis of VOCs in water

Perkin-Elmer has published a new application note whichdiscusses the Japanese Standard Headspace Methodfor Analysisof VOCs in Water. It summarizes and explains the simpleand highly productive static headspace GC/MS procedureincluded in new regulations covering water quality testing.It includes details of the instrumentation and analyticalconditions, a method summary listing target VOCs, andchromatograms and results tables illustrating replicateanalyses. The advantages of headspace over purge-and-trap systems for environmental water analysis are alsodiscussed.

Forfurther information, contact Perkin-Elmer Limited, Post OffceLane, Beaconsfield, Bucks HP9 1QA, UK. Tel.: 01494 679269:fax: 01494 679332.

Clenbuterol screening

Fisons Instruments VG Organic have released newinformation on clenbuterol screening in a new applicationnote: An Improved Method For Clenbuterol Screening UsingHigh Resolution Selected Ion Recording. Methodology whichextends the use of GC-MS by improving the specificityof the technique using the high resolution capabilities ofa magnetic sector mass spectrometer is described. Usedas an anti-asthmatic and tocolytic drug in the treatmentof both humans and animals, clenbuterol is a stimulantof the nervous system and a fl2-agonist. Together withother -agonists, it also exhibits growth stimulatoryeffects, leading to enhanced muscle and decreased fatdeposition. Consequently, clenbuterol is used to stimulategrowth in farm animals, and by athletes seeking enhancedperformance from the protein anabolic response to thedrug. Such abuse within sport is attracting the attentionof various sporting authorities, and thus requires preciseinvestigation and monitoring.

Dosage is typically in the gg/kg range of human bodyweight--therefore a sensitive but specific method is neededto check for the presence of clenbuterol. The proceduredescribed in the application note is sufficiently specific tobe used for the analysis of heavily contaminated urinesamples which have undergone enzymatic hydrolysis.

For more information contact IAS, Queens Avenue, Maccleeld,Cheshire SKIO 2BN, UK. Tel.: 0162543434&fax: 01625 434335.

119

New products

Pharmacokinetic study using HPLC/MS/MS

Fisons Instruments VG Organic’s Quantitative HPLC/MS/MS In Support OfA Pharmacokinetic Study has recentlybeen announced. Mass spectrometry has long beenemployed as a highly sensitive and specific tool forpharmaceutical studies, and its use in this field has beenwell documented. The greater prominence ofLC/MS/MSis rapidly becoming evident from drug discovery throughmetabolism and toxicological studies to drug manufacture.An explanation tbr this increased application is theintroduction of the atmospheric pressure ionizationtechniques, electrospray (ES) and atmospheric pressurechemical ionization (APcl), in addition to improvementsin computer technology. Electrospray is an extremelypowerful method used in the analysis of thermally labilecompounds due to the relatively mild ionizing nature ofthis interface. This is specifically important in the areasof drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, where com-monly occurring metabolites such as glucuronides andsulphates are encountered.

Formerly, ionization techniques, such as thermospray andplasmaspray, caused these conjugated metabolites tofrequently revert to their aglycones, losing all theirmolecular mass intbrmation. Electrospray is more sensitivethan fast atom bombardment and thermospray due to thegreatly decreased level of background ions and its higherionizing efficiency. Besides their high sensitivity andspecificity, the atmospheric pressure ionization techniquesare also so reproducible and robust that they lendthemselves readily to automation. These highly beneficialligatures are described in Fison’s new literature, in a studywhich uses HPLC/MS/MS in support of drug discovery.

For more information contact IAS, Queens Avenue, Macclesfield,Cheshire SKIO 2BN, UK. Tel.: 01625 434343; fax: 01625434335.

SEM developments

Oxtbrd Instruments Scientific Research Division produceslarge movement, custom produced stages for the SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope). This is particularlyimportant, for example, for the semiconductor industry,where stages can be produced that hold watirs withdiameters up to 12 inches, for techniques such as DRT,probing and EBIC. Stages can also be built for otherapplications, including electron beam lithography and theexamination oflarge and heavy samples, such as engineer-ing components. Ifthe SEM chamber is too small, replace-ment chambers can also be supplied.

Detailed specifications are, naturally, dependant on theindividual design but typically will offer sub-micronprecision. Technologies available include microsteppingmotor drive with software controlled and co-ordinatestorage, piezo electric movements, linear encoders, a laserinterferometer system and microprobing.

In addition, the company also produces a wide range ofstandard and custom stages for the SEM and TEM, whichinclude heating cooling, and tensile facilities.

All Oxford Instruments customers now have free andunlimited access to the company’s specialist engineeringand applications support hotline.

For further information contact Oxford Instruments ScientificResearch Division, Old Station Way, Eynsham, Witney, OxonOX8 1FL. Tel.: 01865 882855," fax." 01865 881944.

Net Communication

The benefits of the Internet have now been realized foranalytical chemists with the creation of LabNET, adedicated global platform providing a plethora of facts onthe latest product and technological developments.

LabNET goes on-line in May 1995. It is an uniqueinteractive response mechanism giving access to manu-facturers throughout the world. Clear step-by-stepinstructions guide visitors quickly through to their selectedareas where exciting graphical and textual data may beanalysed, down loaded, printed or re-visited as often asrequired. Direct links to companies ofyour choice are alsoavailable, enabling you to discuss enquiries via e-mail forthe cost of a telephone call.

LabNET information is available on the 01799 516610or e-mail [email protected].

Thermal analysis applications

Three new thermal analysis application notes are availablefrom Perkin-Elmer.

PETAN 54--Epoxy Cure Characterization using SimultaneousDynamic Mechanical Analysis-Dielectric Analysis DMA-DEAdescribes recent developments in polymer compositemanufacturing which have resulted in higher quality andlower cost epoxy composites. The method and instru-mentation used to simultaneously characterize the curingprocess of epoxy using the Perkin-Elmer DMA 7eDynamic Mechanical Analyzer with the cup and platemeasuring system and the Micromet Instruments EumetricSystem 11 Microdielectrometer are outlined.

PETAN 55-Prepreg Cure Characterization using SimultaneousDynamic Mechanical Analysis-Dielectric Analysis DMA-DEAlooks at the effects of batch-to-batch material variabilityand changes in the curing process on final quality of partsmade from thermosetting prepregs. The note outlines thesimultaneous characterization of the mechanical anddielectric curing process of an EPON 828 prepreg usingthe Perkin-Elmer DMA 7e Dynamic Mechanical Analyzerwith the parallel plate measuring system and theMicromet Instruments Eumetric System Micro-dielectrometer.

PETAN 56--Determination of the Curing Kinetics of an EpoxyAdhesive using Isothermal DSC Kinetics Software outlines theuse of DSC isothermal software for the 7 Series/UNIXsystem to obtain the curing parameters for an epoxyadhesive.

Forfurther information, contact Perkin-Elmer Limited, Post OffceLane, Beaconsfield, Bucks HP9 1QA, UK. Tel.: 01494 679269;fax: 01494 679332.

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New products

Electrospray LC/MS analysis

An application note from Fisons Instruments VG Organicof Altrincham, Cheshire, describes the development of aselective and sensitive method for detecting glycopyrrolate,a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic drug banned inhorseracing due to its respiratory enhancing properties.Eleclrospray LC/MS Analysis of Glycopyrrolate in Equine Sportdescribes a rapid and reliable technique appropriateglycopyrrolate quantification at the low ng/ml level usingthe closely related mepenzolate bromide as internalstandard.

Abuse of glycopyrrolate has caused great concern tohorseracing authorities worldwide, with several positivecases having been detected. Administration of the drugusually takes place by intravenous or intramuscular routesat low levels (approximately 4 pg per kg). Excretion inurine is rapid, taking place in less than eight hours, andpredominantly in the form of the parent drug. AlthoughELISA kits are commercially available for this purpose,and provide an ettctive preliminary screening proceduretbr drug control, the kits are insufficiently selectivedrug detection in sport, where it is mandatory to identifythe drug present in the body fluid under test.

Mass spectrometry, however, offers high selectivity, andwhen coupled with the appropriate ionization method forthe sample under scrutiny, also provides high sensitivity.Initial mass spectrometric methods developed for glyco-pyrrolate involved base hydrolysis of the drug, tbllowedby methylation of the cyclopentylmandelic acid thusproduced, and subsequent GC/MS detection of thismethyl ester. The various developed methodologies basedon this approach have been used to confirm the adminis-tration to horses of glycopyrrolate in drug controlprogrammes in equine sports.

Detection of the drug at the Horseracing ForensicLaboratory is currently made using an on-line LC/MSmethod. However, with the advent of electrosprayionization (ES) mass spectrometry has come the oppor-tunity tbr the development of an on-line LC/MS methodcapable of identitk/ing the intact parent drug, and thusthe ability to bypass laborious and time-consumingdcrivatization procedures. Renowned in the biopolymerfield, electrospray ionization’s reliability and capacity toanalyse thermally labile lower molecular weight com-pounds has ensured its increasing application in thedetection and identification ofdrugs and their metabolites.

Copies from IAS, Queens Avenue, Maccleeld, CheshireSKIO 2B./V, UK. Tel.: 01625 43434. fax: 01625 434335.

Flexible MIS and industrial control

Bristol Babcock has announced the formation ofPronexus,its new Software Technologies Division. Pronexus aims toprovide industry with the most open, flexible and scaleablebusiness solutions tbr Management Intbrmation Systems(MIS) and industrial control applications. Pronexus willbe dedicated to the development of ’next generation’software products, based on the concept of open systemsand connectivity and incorporating leading edge softwaretechnologies such as object-oriented relational databases,

global standards compliance, hardware and softwareplatform independence, database access through standards(for example, SQL and ODBC) and advanced X-Windows operator graphics.

Details from Pronexus, Worcester Road, Stourport-on-Severn,Worcestershire D Y139A T, UK. Tel.: 01299 824119;fax. 01299824118.

Portable pH meter

Radiometer’s PHM201 Portable pH Meter allows labor-atory standard measurements to be taken in the field. ThePHM201 automatically recognizes the buffers used forcalibration--users have a choice of IUPAC buffers,technical buffers meeting DIN 19267 or buffers pH 4, 7and 10. There is then the option of single or dual pointcalibration. The last calibration is also automaticallystored to enable electrode performance comparison.

During actual reading, the AUTOREAD thnction locksthe meter onto the signal as soon as it is stable. Measure-ments can also be real live with the aid of a stabilityindicator. The measurement range runs from -9 to + 23pH units (millivolt measurement optional) with aresolution of0.01 and accuracy of

___0.01 after calibration.

There is a continuous range of information availablevia the display including prompts tbr the calibrationparameters and when to change buffers. The PHM201operates off" battery or mains.y

For more information contact Ed Lemon at Radiometer Lld, TheManor, Manor Royal, Crawley, West Sussex RHIO 2PY. Tel."01293 517599; fax." 01293 531597.

Mercury Measurement at PITTCON ’95

At the 1995 Pittsburgh Conference in New Orleans, P.S.Analytical introduced several new products to extendtheir atomic fluorescence range. Mercury continues to be amajor focus of PSA’s customers and the new mercuryspeciation system based on gas chromatography, coupledto atomic fluorescence (GC AFS) is the world’s first thllyconfigured instrument to analyse organo-mercury com-pounds. The system allows rapid analysis of soils,sediments and water samples to ascertain their organo-mercury profile. The methods provide sample extractionswhich avoid masking any mercury compound presentsuch as diethyl mercury. The system provides detectionlevels which are better than pg for diethyl mercury.

As a further extension ofits product range, P.S. Analyticalhas introduced two new instruments for on-line mercuryanalysis. The PSA 10.223 Liquid On-Line System meetsclients’ needs in the chlor-alkali, chemical or effluentindustries. It uses the wide linear dynamic range of theMerlin Detec{or to analyse such difficult samples on arepeat cycle basis. Systems have already been installed inEurope to monitor effluents 24 hours a day. PSA has alsointroduced a new Sir Galahad on-line gaseous monitor.

Further information from Professor Peter Slockwell, P.S.Analytical, Arthur House, Unit 2.03 Crayfields Industrial Park,Main Road, St Pauls Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3HP, UK.Tel.: 01689 891211; fax: 01689 896009.

121

New products

Derivative spectroscopy

The theory of derivative spectroscopy is described in anew application note tiom Hewlett-Packard. The notereviews the fundamental mathematical relationshipsbetween analyte concentration and measured absorbancethat are used to calculate first and higher-order derivatives.It describes the optical, electronic and mathematicalmethods of obtaining derivative spectra, and outlines theadvantages of the mathematical techniques.

Computer-generated examples are used to illustrate thefeatures and applications ofderivative spectroscopy. Theseexamples show how resolution can be increased, howbackground absorbance and scatter can be eliminated,and how broad absorbing bands and background matricescan be suppressed.

The application note is available from PMG Logistics, Alln.Pelra Butler, P.O. Box 533, 2130 AM ttoofddorp, TheNelherlands.

122

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Vol. pp. products - Hindawi Publishing CorporationHowever, with the advent of electrospray ionization (ES) mass spectrometry has come the oppor-tunity tbr the developmentofanon-line