VOL 4 NO. 3

,,...s; ,, S-,"i: ~Q

a-~ ' . p~~-;Q-1 -

~"~ :- ~a-,c-

;- .,-a a i

HIGHLIGHTSof

AGRICULTURALRESEARCH

9 t t &C &jCe Which Cattlemen Keep Sharp

Eyes On Performance Tests . . . Save It-WhyHaul It? . . . Milking Parlor Designed with Pocket-

book in Mind . . Pasture or Concrete for Growing

Hogs . . . Control Soil Insects with InsecticideFertilizer Mixtures . . . More Molasses for Alabama

Saint or Sinner

Sk8

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SYSTEM

of the ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

SE R V I N G A L

I~

4'

FALL 1957

~-i*- ;~

' ",~:

~^I' ~ +

AL A B A M A

r̂:a

~"B~h

'i:.P

n~ ~~

-WHICH-Cattlemen keepsharp eyes on

Sperformance tests

/4

.5.'

W. M. WARREN, Head, Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition

Vi I itt ( Il ii ( 1 Sl I\ffisie it 4I I i I I ( itIt It

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PT

e/These five ponds save much of the waterrunning off from a 38-acre watershed inthe North Auburn research area. The

illt filmlstitt 4* cilidita llx itutuic~r

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ponds store about 40 acre-feet of waterannually and can be used for wateringlivestock, irrigating, and fishing.

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up ELEVATEDi STALL

I-

LOADING

RAM P

OPtERATORAREA

TRACK FOR'CAN HOIST

COOLER CAN RACK

Above is the floor plan of a separate, shed-type milking parlor. A similar facility can

Jir

ELEVATED

STALLDOWN ,

GRAINSTORAGE

CABINET

WATER

HEATER

WASH ITRAYSit

be built in the corner of an exsing barnor shed.

-~w -~

MILKING PARLORd1eac~~d aierl4

POCKETBOOK

WALTER GRUB

Associate Agricultural Engineer

pl1)1ittch I s ll i ji l ('xxi I' t I itt I cils ;t 1(

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SIIi'hii L lV it fit Iii il l ' I ci i ttcc ct i

Desitgned for manufacture-grade dairy, thisow-cost parlor eliminates stooping and

much heavy work of milking.

PASTURE apt CONCRETEao 5vraci& HOGS?

-HOWARD F. TUCKER, Associate Animal l-lusbaridmatt

it rs ( I ) t - )

li ilcill4

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S(i ll Alit bill i i l cis It) il. I~

ss liii I s~t I tns sIT is t I I tt I Iu' I

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It t ill ti tlt It

111thid l. 1956 sio

I(.iwii.

.- -At

S Growing hogs on posture Iceft) has beenstandard practice in the South. Many years

~ ~ , of research has shown grazing and sup-plemental feeding to be practical and

, economical. Something now in the hagSbusiness is growing them on concrete

S(above). This, likewise, can be an econom-~ ~.'cal operation if correct feeding, manage-

A, ment, and sanitation practices are followed.

Q,11 fit _in cl 1"c" (h pati lit' pro-

Silt [fils jctlc Ihe pi" iilt itsli

stiltli oil tttli(It PrIil' Ilil rls

\\.its hllt'it m t iits. It is Itilitt(i tit

tI it tlt(Ii it 5 i tIt tilttlItItle ill ti is)

tl it c (1111-i1w t] Ic sl ill lillcl I I t cr, it I I (Is 1) ]-111 scits() I I S.

111-s _,razilw alf itlL1 (1111 it w t I Ic sull I-I it, 1956 1 ) 195 T 11](11 ( d 1956 ii"Iitdc oiiiiis ill 1-1 10 ccI It"

Fccd jwl F, ( (I cost Icss pel 11). thall fcd ill c(mcictc-10011). 1)(.1 11). fl()()r(.d p'lls (1111-illo, tlic sailic sctsmi,()f gilill of gaill, ll()t illclildill'T (,()St of idlidlit pl-mllictioll.

Lb. L 1). c) I I's t t I I c I i I t I )1 20 pk-'.s pci aciv ()I alfitlfa1 3: 30 1 1 .0 atid IT51h. (,iiii is, till, ,, I i cturii

19 :306 9. 9 5 0 r i I c I-(, f i i I I i I i I Ifm (1111 ill',' the S11111111cl . , F I I ('S(1.12 325 1 ( ).7 datit " cre _ obtailwd lilldcr illillimrellielit

1 .:37 :,329 1 1 coii(;itions iiiid stockiwr rittes that \\ mild11du (.ot of pa,,tilic. ilssill"(1 adequilte (111itiltit.\ alld qllitlit.\

Choice for Producer

T is I t llt i's liiit itt ,ttltlijt to IslT()\\

It ill(ITthi It i Is. It tt', ( li ht s\i I t lt' f'ill

pimll icn 'ptrk.1 It 11.1ti itslt ig'. 1ci ccti

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lilt IT t hel llt11t l it. t't' rtI 1 . oitI t

b 4

IPitst 111 (. I , i t_ ,

SOIL INSECTS

INSECTICIDEFERTILIZER

W. G. EDEN

Entomologist

TwO BIG JOBS in one operation .That is the chief reason for increased

use of insecticide-fertilizer mixtures. Itis just one more way to cut farmingcosts.

Introduced more than 25 years ago,the idea of putting the two products inone bag caught on in recent years.Other pesticides-fungicides, herbicides,and nematocides-are also used in mix-tures with fertilizer, but in only 5% ofthe cases. The other 95% containinsecticides.

Research has been done on the jobfor many years with studies of mixturesand their practical use in the field.However, much remains to be done.More work is needed in control of soilinsects, especially in pastures and sodcrops.

Extensive studies have been made bythe API Agricultural Experiment Stationto determine best uses of insecticide-fertilizer mixtures in Alabama. As aresult of this research, recommendationscan be made.

ixaptei

Recommendations

Station recommendations are basedon pounds of actual toxicant per acre.For example, 1 lb. of heptachlor isequal to 4 lb. of 25%, 10 lb. of 10%, or20 lb. of 5% granular or powder ma-terial.

Controls for pests in corn, sweetpota-toes, Irish potatoes, pastures, and lawnsare given here.

CORN. For control of root worms andwireworms in corn, 1 lb. per acre ofaldrin, dieldrin, or heptachlor, or 2 lb.of chlordane is recommended. The gen-eral fertilizer recommendation for cornis 250 lb. of 4-12-12 per acre. Wheninsecticide-fertilizer mixtures are used,4-12-12 contains per ton 8 lb. of aldrin,dieldrin, or heptachlor, or 16 lb. ofchlordane. The mixture may be broad-cast or put in the drill.

SWEETPOTATOES. Two lb. of aldrin,dieldrin, or heptachlor, or 4 lb. ofchlordane per acre will control wire-worms, white grubs, ants, or flea beetlesin sweetpotatoes. The fertilizer recom-mendation at planting time is at least500 lb. of 4-12-12 per acre. Thus, thefertilizer contains per ton 8 lb. of hep-tachlor, dieldrin, or aldrin, or 16 lb.of chlordane.

IRISH POTATOES. Wireworms, fleabeetles, and imported fire ants may becontrolled in Irish potatoes with thesame insecticides and rates as given forsweetpotatoes. The recommended fer-tilizer at planting time is 1,500 lb. of4-12-12. To follow these recommenda-tions, the fertilizer should contain perton 2.6 lb. of dieldrin, heptachlor oraldrin, or 5.2 lb. of chlordane.

PASTURES. Imported fire ants andother soil insects are pests and fre-quently problems in pastures, other sodcrops, and small grains. Two lb. peracre of dieldrin or heptachlor, or 4 lb.of chlordane is recommended for con-trol. A general recommendation formaintenance of established permanentpastures (perennial legume-grass mix-tures) is 400 lb. of 0-16-8. Thus, thefertilizer for pasture maintenance mustcontain per ton 10 lb. of heptachlor ordieldrin or 20 lb. of chlordane.

LAWNS. Ants, chinch bugs, and otherinsects are pests in established lawns.These pests may be controlled by useof insecticide-fertilizer mixtures. Twolb. per acre of aldrin, dieldrin, or hep-tachlor, or 4 lb. of chlordane will con-trol the ants and chinch bugs. Therates are too low for heavy infestationof white grubs. Five to 8 lb. of aldrin,dieldrin, or heptachlor, or 10 to 16 lb.of chlordane is necessary for white grubcontrol. Any of these insecticides maybe mixed with lawn fertilizers. In thecase of white grubs, the treatments aremore effective if washed into the soil.

Control of white-fringed beetles mustbe considered separately from the fore-going general recommendations, be-cause this insect is under state and fed-eral quarantine regulations. Infestedsoils are first treated with 10 lb. ofDDT followed by annual applicationsof 2 lb. of DDT per acre. Dieldrin orheptachlor is also affective. These in-secticides may be applied in fertilizermixtures.

Precautions

Precautions must be used in handlingfertilizers containing insecticides. Ingeneral, concentrations are so low thatnormal operations offer no hazards tohandlers. Insecticide treatments nearbee hives or water sources must be car-ried out with care to prevent drift intothese areas. Insecticides are harmful tobees and fish. From the standpoint ofdrift, granular formulations are safer touse than dusts.

'Itore MOLASSESoz ALABAMAJ. T. COPE, JR., Associate Agronomist

[ t IIIX 1', III o 'IX \ZII i ( I i cSt

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liXil ' XSlt I I (I t I if If)St st fI l c i i thiesC

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B\1 5 1 t I t eI it 1ci iw \ IX i i i 45000

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(lc D scri p ioniiw of il Varieis (Isi

lto XSt itt IXd tillI Iis 290, (XI 1 tl ililt'

Field of stripped C.P. 36111 cane ready to betopped, cut, and hauled to -

I e ar',l. \t I3 t XX\ to n (. P. 29 1 16

til11 1(1 1(lit 1

1 1i ii ll ('IJ. Aff\ l 111' 1,11

1,11i ii ()I li]()\\ ill Sm I t ile iillii.'I II crop

the LtI' i l Ill itt ailill. to c il ii I

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500),tll i .. l i ti t i .(11. T] tsl X\I itit iIs

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Fall Planting Recommended

sttiltis iif fill] X 1511 Sprin 111 jlliitili'4

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2 ti. 4 ill durit'. the XXI iii ' toi.'s\(iltXf

Fertililation

cill fhhp(i11itl lt f tI Illi XX Itl (51

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1). Ititlti oI IlI 11 IX),~ ill K20 pi litc ill

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Slt 1)1( '4l il t t'l I T lilt l u' Ia\ 411

t11thti fit, .11 it Iioll )litindI tfIIl'

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I i I S t \ ( ' i L I I t o I I ) I ) I ( ' ,

i(Jd pel aurc

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JA

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illiii c h t i't ct ii ci i i s boitith (54 .N

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c i ti such I ititiI cuollolI petst t jl.

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It 114 I .i iit i t,, cilttt

I NN E R?MFES H.I DAVIS, B,ologistAlabama Dept. of Conservation

NOLD 0. HAUGEN, LeaderAlabama Coop. Wildlife Research Unit*

Percentages of foods comprising the an- 0inual "take" by the bobcat in Alabama are Kshown above. The blank segment repre-sents snakes, which m~ake up 1 %e of thebobcat's total food. I

FREE Bulletin or Report of ProgressAGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

of the ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTEE. V. Smith, Director

Auburn, AlabamaPermit No. 11I32-8/57-8M

71ecw aia( 7emdPUBLICATIONS

I I', dI I wIl an I tIIll I\ t nX It c\\ itiX', it

tBoll. 317 o og nisc i I)\ n, ruii tic t u i ut

'irl. 30. Consupta on o f ou l utry PdIrol

I io S w t s to o r) 1 pt il ( oll sti o I

I.Alihlot P'.Bicdolodng oeBr I.m

CIf t21. Accbamanc Pof llci InmpitvedFoznSetoAub ure Alabama ic, f

V. Smrrii)YT NVILSON,

LAS. F'. SIMMONS

£NNE-IH B. Roy -.utYi If. SI.LI-EuuS-

E. S-FEI.NStiN

-----DirectorAssoc. Director

Asst. Director------ Editor

Assoc. Editor

PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE '10 AVOIDPAYMENT OF POSTAGE. $300