6
Chemical Propulsion Information Agency Joint Service Briefing To Industry On Insensitive Munitions Key representatives of the four ser- vice branches met on 3-4 December, 1987, at the Naval Surface Weapons Center in White Oak, Maryland, to brief Defense Department contractors on the current status of Insensitive Mu- nitions (IM) programs . In general, IM programs are concerned with reducing the hazards associated with ordnance containing propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics . The briefing, which was organized by the American Defense Preparedness Association (ADPA), was attended by approximately 200 ordnance experts . The keynote address was given by Rear Admiral Ming E . Chang, Deputy Commander for Weapons and Combat Systems with the Naval Sea Systems Command in Wash- ington, D .C . The rationale for having the briefing was to make representa- tives from industry aware of joint ser- vice efforts in the IM area . Overviews of the individual Ser- vice's IM requirements were followed by detailed presentations of their IM technology programs . Organizationally the conference was divided into three main sessions, which were devoted to propellants, explosives, and pyrotech- nics, and covered all relevant military ordnance . The Navy Department presently has the most highly devel- oped IM program . In fact, the Navy has had an ongoing effort in this field because of recurring shipboard ord- nance accidents, especially aboard air- craft carriers . Ordnance accidents on carriers have claimed the lives of more than 250 sailors and have cost the Navy approximately $200M since 1966 . Al- ready, tangible results can be seen in some Navy ordnance . The other Ser- continued on page 3 BULLETIN Vol. 13, No . 2, February, 1987 The SRAM Launching . SRAM Successfully Launched Marking another first in the devel- opment and testing of the newest U .S . strategic bomber, the Air Force has successfully launched a Short Range Attack Missile (SRAM) from the B-1B bomber . The SRAM's payload had been removed and replaced with an in- strumentation package . The SRAM is a highly accurate, strategic air-to- ground missile which provides a capa- bility to attack heavily defended tar- gets . The launch, part of the USAF's B-1B flight test program, was conduct- ed on the Tonopah Test Range, Las Vegas, Nevada on January 16, 1987 . The SRAM was launched from the bomber at about 500 feet while the air- craft was traveling at 0.9 Mach . r Propellant Processing Workshop Held The JANNAF Propellant Character- ization Subcommittee (PChS) spon- sored a workshop on propellant processing technology on 28 January 1987 at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland . The workshop was or- ganized and chaired by Marjorie Du- cote of the US Army Missile Command . Despite record-setting snowfall during the days preceding the meeting, twenty-two propellant pro- cessing scientists braved the elements to participate in this workshop . Mitchell Gallant of the Naval Sur- face Weapons Center, White Oak, presented results from his experience with continuous processing of PBXN-106, a plastic bonded explosive, with a twin-screw extruder, technolo- gy being transfered from the Fraun- hofer Institute for Propellants and Explosives (ICT) in West Germany . Results indicated propellant properties similar to those from conventional batch processing . Joseph Campbell of the Aerojet Stra- tegic Propulsion Company, Sacramen- to, presented preliminary results from his work with emulsion processing . While strictly a basic research project, emulsion processing may provide a method for producing clean, high-burn- rate propellants incorporating new types of oxidizers which remain in a liquid melt phase surrounded by a sol- id polymer matrix . Michael Bonnano of the Army Bal- listic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, detailed his work with torque rheometry . This technique allows one to study propellant flow and cure behavior of batch-scale process- ing with lab-scale samples . continued on page 5

Vol. 13, No. 2, February, 1987 Joint Service Briefing...data are not intended to serve as a source ofdesign butratherto provide a reference tothegeneral characteris-tics attainable

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Vol. 13, No. 2, February, 1987 Joint Service Briefing...data are not intended to serve as a source ofdesign butratherto provide a reference tothegeneral characteris-tics attainable

Chemical

Propulsion

InformationAgency

Joint Service BriefingTo Industry OnInsensitive MunitionsKey representatives of the four ser-

vice branches met on 3-4 December,1987, at the Naval Surface WeaponsCenter in White Oak, Maryland, tobrief Defense Department contractorson the current status of Insensitive Mu-nitions (IM) programs . In general, IMprograms are concerned with reducingthe hazards associated with ordnancecontaining propellants, explosives, andpyrotechnics . The briefing, which wasorganized by the American DefensePreparedness Association (ADPA),was attended by approximately 200ordnance experts. The keynote addresswas given by Rear Admiral Ming E .Chang, Deputy Commander forWeapons and Combat Systems with theNaval Sea Systems Command in Wash-ington, D.C . The rationale for havingthe briefing was to make representa-tives from industry aware ofjoint ser-vice efforts in the IM area .Overviews of the individual Ser-

vice's IM requirements were followedby detailed presentations of their IMtechnology programs . Organizationallythe conference was divided into threemain sessions, which were devoted topropellants, explosives, and pyrotech-nics, and covered all relevant militaryordnance . The Navy Departmentpresently has the most highly devel-oped IM program. In fact, the Navyhas had an ongoing effort in this fieldbecause of recurring shipboard ord-nance accidents, especially aboard air-craft carriers . Ordnance accidents oncarriers have claimed the lives ofmorethan 250 sailors and have cost the Navyapproximately $200M since 1966 . Al-ready, tangible results can be seen insome Navy ordnance . The other Ser-

continued on page 3

BULLETINVol. 13, No . 2, February, 1987

The SRAM Launching .

SRAM SuccessfullyLaunchedMarking another first in the devel-

opment and testing of the newest U.S .strategic bomber, the Air Force hassuccessfully launched a Short RangeAttack Missile (SRAM) from the B-1Bbomber. The SRAM's payload hadbeen removed and replaced with an in-strumentation package. The SRAM isa highly accurate, strategic air-to-ground missile which provides a capa-bility to attack heavily defended tar-gets . The launch, part of the USAF'sB-1B flight test program, was conduct-ed on the Tonopah Test Range, LasVegas, Nevada on January 16, 1987 .The SRAM was launched from thebomber at about 500 feet while the air-craft was traveling at 0.9 Mach .

r

Propellant ProcessingWorkshop HeldThe JANNAF Propellant Character-

ization Subcommittee (PChS) spon-sored a workshop on propellantprocessing technology on 28 January1987 at the Johns Hopkins UniversityApplied Physics Laboratory, Laurel,Maryland . The workshop was or-ganized and chaired by Marjorie Du-cote of the US Army MissileCommand . Despite record-settingsnowfall during the days preceding themeeting, twenty-two propellant pro-cessing scientists braved the elementsto participate in this workshop .

Mitchell Gallant of the Naval Sur-face Weapons Center, White Oak,presented results from his experiencewith continuous processing ofPBXN-106, a plastic bonded explosive,with a twin-screw extruder, technolo-gy being transfered from the Fraun-hofer Institute for Propellants andExplosives (ICT) in West Germany .Results indicated propellant propertiessimilar to those from conventionalbatch processing .

Joseph Campbell of the Aerojet Stra-tegic Propulsion Company, Sacramen-to, presented preliminary results fromhis work with emulsion processing .While strictly a basic research project,emulsion processing may provide amethod for producing clean, high-burn-rate propellants incorporating newtypes of oxidizers which remain in aliquid melt phase surrounded by a sol-id polymer matrix .Michael Bonnano of the Army Bal-

listic Research Laboratory, AberdeenProving Ground, detailed his workwith torque rheometry . This techniqueallows one to study propellant flow andcure behavior of batch-scale process-ing with lab-scale samples.

continued on page 5

Page 2: Vol. 13, No. 2, February, 1987 Joint Service Briefing...data are not intended to serve as a source ofdesign butratherto provide a reference tothegeneral characteris-tics attainable

s~xtc,~totfostottosso~to~Recent CPlA Publications Chemical Propulsion

,~ Mailing ListCPIA/M4, "Liquid Propellant Man-ual," Unit 12 (Tetraflourohydrazine),Revised, Dec 1986 .

CPIA/M5, "Liquid Propellant EngineManual," Subject Index, "Liquid En-gines Indexed in Chemical PropulsionAbstracts 1969-1986A," Nov 1986 .

CPIA Pub.451,"16th JANNAFPlumeTechnology Meeting," Sep 1986 .

CPIA Pub.452, "CPIA Annual Reportfor Fiscal Year 1986, "Jan 1987 .

CPIA ManualsTo make our products and services

better known to the propulsion cotntntt-nitv, lve lii// run a series offeature ar-ticles in the Bulletin ` about ourmanuals .The CPIA/M1 (formerly SPIA/M 1)

Manual contains general descriptionsof solid propellant rocket motorsdesigned for use as missile boosters orsustainers, as primary or auxiliarypropulsion units for space vehicles, oras aircraft JATO devices . The descrip-tion of a typical motor includes : prin-cipal weights and dimensions, a tableof ballistic performance, details on im-portant components, a cross-sectional

7 Ill ; CPIA Ill~LITTIN

is puhh,h,d ho"IN, h,

(1111;NnCA]. PROP(LSION INFORMATION AGFNC~

the Johns Hopkins rniversitN

Applied Ph~shs Lala,rator,Johns Ilopkins RoadLaurel . 111ar.~land 2117117(301) 953-58511

Operating, under Contract N'O(NJ24-85-C-53111

Jls . Sharon L. Poppe

Managing EditorMs . Thelma B. Ilackelt

Associate Editor\ls . Brenda R. Pra(er

Illustrator

the Ch e.ni .al Pmpul,lun hIimnah,m \send (( PIAI i, a o� )Inlornurlion Anal-, ( cmcr rc,pun,INC Ibrthe ucyui,illon, conypilatinn, unal-I" and Ji,.semin.uion oI Morinalh,r, relecent iorhenucal propul,lun III edd,nnn. ( PIA proclde, techniraI andudmini,lratlce ouppon to the John Ar,m . Na-%ASA . and 4,rForce Imeraeen- Prapul,hn, CUntaliIIeC (JANNAF) . The pIII

po,, of JA .NNAF i, To -1- pr0pul .slun pn,hICnn, elt,,t coordi-nutu,n of cechniad proer:un,. and promote an eschunuc ofIechni al

inlorinalhm

In thrc arc:� crt

in-1c,

pn- and eonpn,pulslrm tcchnolog~ . 1 Ill

11011 CNA 11-11,1t,and xwice, i, dwrged n, urh,cntwr, Ahn, whwrlLxn nm,t nue[the -urm and rued n, know rcyulrentent,

CPIA Pub. 454, "Composite MotorCase Nomenclature," Dec 1986 .

"Selected Bibliographies, Handbooks,Manuals and Reviews," Nov 1986 .

"Chemical Propulsion Mailing List,"Dec 1986 .

LS86-29 : Exhaust Plume ImpingementEffects (supersedes LS82-30) ; periodcovered 1969-1986A ; 193 citations .

drawing of the loaded motor, drawingsof the igniter and propellant grain, andthrust- and pressure-time traces . Thedata are not intended to serve as asource of design but rather to providea reference to the general characteris-tics attainable with existing solidpropellant rocket motors.

Prior to 1968, the Manual had beendivided into two volumes . Motorsdescribed in the present volume (for-merly denoted as "Volume II-Motorsof Current Interest") are demonstra-tion, qualification and production mo-tors . When a motor no longer meets the"current interest" criteria, the motordata sheet is deleted at the next revi-sion . The CPIA maintains, for visitoruse only, a file copy volume of datasheets on these Obsolete and Supersed-ed Motors (formerly denoted as Vol-ume 1) .Data for the Manual are obtained

principally from the development fa-cilities and are submitted to the Chem-ical Propulsion Information Agency onthe CPIA/M 1(Q) questionnaire (Nov1982 Revision) . Motors considered ap-propriate are then included in the nextrevision . All data sheets are dated tothe most recent status or modificationcited, but it should be noted that the sta-tus of motors may have changed sincethe data were received .The success of the Manual depends

on the cooperation of governmentagencies and industrial organizations inmaking data readily available . In theinterest of bringing the Manual up to

rnnNrlucel on pc(gc 4.

The Chemical Propulsion MailingList (CPML) is maintained and pub-lished by the Chemical Propulsion In-formation Agency to provide a meansfor the direct and timely distribution oftechnical reports on chemical rocketand gun propulsion .

Report addressees (other than DoDand NASA) on the CPML must sub-scribe to the CPIA service charge sys-tem at the S1000 level or above andmust maintain an active registration atthe confidential or higher security levelwith the Defense Technical Informa-tion Center (DTIC) .The CPML is mailed to DoD and

NASA contract officers and to reportmanagers of the major propulsion com-panies . These people are urged to in-clude the CPML addressees in theinitial distribution of technical reportsgenerated under their contracts or in-house funds .The CPML is revised and distribut-

ed twice yearly . If you wish to eitherreceive this list or be an addressee onit, please call Debra Sue Eg Ileston,CPIA, (301) 953-5850 or write her atthe Johns Hopkins University, AppliedPhysics Laboratory, Johns HopkinsRoad . Laurel, Maryland 20707 .

Titan Rocket EnginesAerojet TechSystems Co .,

Sacramento, CA, has begun work onTitan rocket engines to be used for sat-ellite launching . The company willbuild 23 first- and 23 second-stage liq-uid propellant rocket engines for TitanIV-the Air Force's newest satellitelaunching vehicle . Aerojet also willrefurbish 13 Titan II first- and second-stage engines . Titan 11 systems are be-ing deactivated as ICBMs and will beused to launch Air Force navigationaland meteorological satellites .Aerojet will deliver the first Titan IV

engines in December 1987 for an Oc-tober 1988 launch . The first refur-bished Titan II, newly named the AirForce Space Launch Vehicle (SLV), is

( o11111111e t rIll paEc 4

Page 3: Vol. 13, No. 2, February, 1987 Joint Service Briefing...data are not intended to serve as a source ofdesign butratherto provide a reference tothegeneral characteris-tics attainable

People In Propulsion IM Briefing

Hercules Bacchus Works recently an-nounced the following organizationalchanges . Roger D. Blodgett, formerassistant general manager for pro-grams, has been appointed Vice Presi-dent, Operations, at the HerculesAerospace Bacchus Works . Mr . Blod-gett will have responsibility for Plants1, 2 and Bacchus West, which are thechemical propulsion rocket motorplants . Prior to his new appointment,Mr . Blodgett managed the developmentof the lightweight filament-wound casefor Space Shuttle boosters and the all-graphite composite launch canister forpeacekeeper (MX) missiles .William H . Gardner will become

Director, Advanced Technology,directing structures and carbon/carbonlabs, Materials Technology, and Re-search and Development . Mr . Gardnerwas technical and engineering superin-tendent for the Navy Trident I C-4 andgraphite fibers development and tech-nical manager .Elmer C . Graesser was appointed

Director, Safety and Product ASSUr-ance . He is responsible for all Safety,Quality Assurance and Testingmethods and Development functions .Mr . Graesscr is former Peacekeepertechnical and program manager andmanager of all Air Force programs .Jack L . McCord was appointed

Director, Product Engineering . He willhave responsibility for all product de-sign and analysis and scientificprogramming . Mr. McCord was thetechnical superintendent, engineeringdevelopment manager, and manager ofProduct Engineering .

The Aerojet Company announcedthe following organizational changes .R . S . (Dick) Simonsen, a 27-year

Aerojet veteran, has been appointedExecutive Vice President of AerojetTechSystems Company . In his newpost, he will share the responsibilitiesfor overall management and directionof the company . Mr . Simonsen hasheld a variety of senior managementand operations positions . Most recent-ly, he was Vice President/General

Manager of the company's PropulsionDivision, in which he was responsiblefor all of the liquid rocket productionprograms .

Philip P . Crimmins has been ap-pointed Director-Engineering for Aer-ojet Tactical Systems Company . In hisnew post, the 28-year veteran will di-rect all engineering activities for tacti-cal rocket motor programs, includingnew development work on the AirForce Maverick, AMRAAM, and theNavy MK 104 . Mr. Crimmins has helda variety of engineering, research,manufacturing and management posi-tions . Most recently he was Directorof High-Energy Operations .R . D. (Bob) Harris has been ap-

pointed Director of Engineering andDevelopment for the Advanced Sys-tems Division . Mr . Harris will directthe engineering and development ac-tivities for Aerojet's liquid rocket,aeropropulsion and marine system pro-grams . He Joined Aerojet in 1977 andsince that time has held severalexecutive-level positions in planning,engineering, program management,and marketing .P . E. (Rick) McBurnett has been

promoted to Vice President/GeneralManager of the Propulsion Division .In his new position, Mr . McBurnettwill be responsible for all liquid rock-et production programs . Mr . McBur-nett joined Aerojet in 1974 and sincethat time has held a variety of seniorlevel engineering and management po-sitions . Most recently he was the com-pany's Director of Engineering .Robert W. Lucas has been promot-

ed to Vice President-Propulsion Pro-orams . Mr . Lucas has over 25 yearsexperience in liquid rocket propulsionprograms at Aerojet . He has workedon many important rocket engine sys-tems, including Aerojet engines thatpropelled Apollo, Gemini, Aries, Ti-tan, and Delta . He has held a varietyof engineering, test engineering andprogram management positions . Mr .Lucas' new responsibilities include thenew Titan IV production program andthe Titan II Space Launch Vehicle .

3

vices have similar weapon hazard prob-lems, though not as acute as theNavy's . Many ordnance specialists(both in government and industry) havediscerned a need for interservice stan-dardization of IM requirements andcooperative technological efforts in thisarea . For this reason, a special studygroup of flag and general officers hasagreed upon the following joint ServiceIM requirements : fast cookoff-max-imum event confined to burning in test-ing ; bullet impact-maximum eventconfined to burning in testing ; sym-pathetic detonation-no reaction in test-ing, although this test would only beperformed if analysis shows this threatto be possible . Other sensitivity testswere identified as possible service-unique IM requirements ; they include :slow cook-off, fragment impact,electro-magnetic pulse, spall, shaped-chargejet, and electrostatic discharge .Participants stressed that funding forIM programs exists ; therefore, it ishoped that one outcome of this meet-ing will be an influx of technologyproposals and solutions from the pri-vate sector that will address the currentmunition sensitivity problems .

Puzzle CornerThe solution for last month's puzzle

is as follows .

Smith won the English Prize .Brown won the French PrizeJones won the Logic Prize .Robinson won the MathematicsPrize .

The editor would appreciate contri-butions for this column . Contributorswill be acknowledged . This month'spuzzle is a series and is taken from Puz-zles fin- Pleasure by E . R . Emmet .What are the next three numbers, read-ing from top to bottom`?

2 7 3 115 1 9 1 _4 3 5 7

Page 4: Vol. 13, No. 2, February, 1987 Joint Service Briefing...data are not intended to serve as a source ofdesign butratherto provide a reference tothegeneral characteris-tics attainable

MI Manualc'onlinur~l /iron /nr,~~r ~

date, Dr . Robert J . Heaston of the Of-fice of the Undersecretary of Defensefor Acquisitions will contact the ma-jor propulsion contractors, DOD proj-ect offfices and laboratories to requestthat they furnish data on existing or de-velopmental systems not currently in-cluded . The Chemical PropulsionInformation Agency wishes to thankthose who have supplied informationfor publication .The latest units prepared for the

Manual are Unit 593, "Pershing II IstStage," and Unit 594, "Pershing II2nd Stage," to be distributed in Marchof this year .

If you arc not subscribing to thisCPIA publication and wish to receiveit, please call CPIA (301) 992-7300 .DOD and NASA requests will be tak-en by Mrs . Dorothy Bccker, ext . 7302 .All industry orders should he directedto Mrs . Debra E`ggleston . ext . 7300 .Questions of a technical nature relat-

ing to the Manual should be referredto the Editor, Harry J . Hoffman, ext .7304 .

Nitrocellulose-basedPropellant WorkshopThe Propellant Characterization Sub-

committe will sponsor a workshop onnitrocellulose-based propellant charac-terization on 21-22 April 1987 at theVirginia Polytechnic Institute and StateUniversity (VPI&SU), Blacksburg,Virginia . Issues to be addressed includecharacterization methods of nitrocellu-lose feedstock, NC-based propellantprocessing, and rocket and gun propel-lant characterization and surveillance .For further information, contact the

workshop chairmen, George W . Nauf-lett, Naval Surface Weapons Center,at (301) 743-4436, W .J . Worrell, Her-cules Incorporated- Radford, at (703)639-7798, or Tracy D. Wilson, CPIA,at (301) 992-7302 . This meeting willbe unclassified, but attendance is limit-ed to U .S . citizens specifically invitedby the workshop chairmen .

Titancontinuedd,/ion pa,~c 3

scheduled to launch a satellite in April1988 .The Titan IV engines will be built at

an accelerated rate to meet a backlogof national security payloads . Aerojetwill initially build 10 first- and 10second-stage engines per year, with ad-ditional capacity available to produce14 to 18 engines per year by 1988 .Aerojet's liquid propellant rocket

(T

en-`Tines are the central propulsion elementto Titan IV . During launch, the vehi-cle uses its solid rocket motors to getunderway . At 108 seconds into flight,the 520,000-lb-thrust first-stage liquidrocket engine ignites . The first stageburns for 165 seconds and drops awaybefore the 101,000-lb-thrust second-stage engine Ignites.Titan I engines produced at Aerojet

in the 1950s helped power one of thenation's first ICBMs .

Titan II engines were used for thenext series of ICBMs, which weredeployed in the early 1960s . Original-ly . the Titan II missile was designedto be on duty for three to four years .Most Titan Its were just recently

decommissioned . and it is this reliablemissile system that will now serve asthe Air Force SLV.The Titan II liquid propellant rock-

et engine was the first to utilize earth-storable propellants that are hypergol-ic (ignite on contact), an important de-velopment in the science of rocketry .Titan engines also powered all of themanned Gemini missions, successful-ly putting 10 two-man crews into earthorbit during 19 months in 1965 and1966 .In the mid-1960x, the Air Force

fielded one of the most reliable satel-lite launching vehicles ever produced,the Titan III . Several variants of thatsystem were produced over the years,lifting heavier payloads into space . Ti-tan IV is the latest version and the mostpowerful expendable launch vehicle inthe national inventory, capable of put-ting five tons of payload into geosyn-chronous earth orbit .

NASA/LewisWill Host S&EPS MtgThe 1987 JANNAF Safety and En-

vironmental Protection Subcommittee(S&EPS) meeting will be held 4-8 May1987 at NASA/Lewis Research Cen-ter, Cleveland, OH . The meeting willbe chaired by Mr. John Marshall,AFRPL, Edwards AFB, CA . Theoverall security classification of themeeting is UNCLASSIFIED with at-tendence limited to U .S . Citizens andauthorized immigrant aliens who pos-sess proper need-to-know certification .Topics to be covered at this meeting

include hypergolic vapor detection,oxygen and multi-gas analysis, detec-tion and monitoring of fluorine com-pounds and hydrogen chloride, spaceoperations safety/hazards, evaluation ofemergency response models, energet-ic materials safety, toxicology, and en-vironmental pollution mitigation . Inaddition to the main program, therewill be panel meetings and a workshopon toxic substance detection .Preliminary program packages will

be prepared and sent to the safety andenvironmental community the lastweek of' February . For further infor-mation on the meeting contact DottieBecker at CPIA, (301) 992-7302 .

RNTS WorkshopThe Rocket Nozzle Technology Sub-

committee will hold the third in a se-ries of workshops on rocket nozzleinspection technology on I 1-12 March1987 at the Idaho National Engineer-ing Laboratory . Idaho Falls, ID . Theworkshop chairmen are Joseph Sciab-ica, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Lab-oratory . and Paul Gamrnell, NavalSurface Weapons Center .Some of the issues to be addressed

at this meeting include proof testing,standards for reporting property data,and development of a glossary Of stan-dard nozzle inspection terminology .

Additional information on this work-shop can be obtained by contactingJoseph Sciabica, (805) 275-5334, orPaul Gamrnell, (202) 394-1959 . Atten-dance at this meeting is by invitationand is limited to U .S . citizens only .

Page 5: Vol. 13, No. 2, February, 1987 Joint Service Briefing...data are not intended to serve as a source ofdesign butratherto provide a reference tothegeneral characteris-tics attainable

PChS Workshop('on([iiltC`d fl'olli pa g e

Marjorie Ducote presented a most in-teresting review of the developmentand processing problems ofTEPAN/TEPANOL bonding agents .Work at MICOM involving a prereac-tion step between TEPAN and perch-lorate oxidizers appears to solve theproblem of ammonia generation dur-ing propellant mix .

This meeting also served as a plan-ning session for future workshops .Harold Bennett of the Naval WeaponsCenter, China Lake, discussed the needto address the problems of cure shrink-age cracks and unmixed propellant incured motor grains . A planned work-shop at the PChS annual meeting willdeal with these topics .

Prior to this workshop a "PropellantProcessing Survey" was developed anddistributed by the CPIA to identify par-ticular areas of interest and concernamong the processing community . Sur-vey results indicated thatbonding/curing agents, process scale-up problems, continuous processingtechnology, and in-process quality con-trol were the main areas of interest .These results will serve as a referencefor future activities of the PChS Propel-lant Processing panel .The proceedings and conclusions

from this workshop will be presentedat the 1987 JANNAF Propellant Char-acterization Subcommittee Meeting inNovember and published as part of theannual meeting proceedings by theCPIA .

InternationalAerospace PlaneProgramsJANNAF organizations and their

contractors are currently lending tech-nical assistance to the National Aero-space Plane program, the Americanentry into the current internationalcompetition for low-cost access to

space . Parallel aerospace plane effortsare also underway in Europe, led bythe British, West Germans, and the Eu-ropean Space Agency (ESA) consorti-um . Therefore, it may be appropriateat this time to review the current in-ternational programs devoted towardsthe development of advanced, low-costtransportation vehicles to low Earth or-bit (LEO) .

BackgroundA number of conceptual design pro-

grams are underway to develop trans-portation vehicles to LEO as anevolutionary follow-on to the currentShuttle, Ariane, and expendable launchvehicle (ELV) systems . Due to the suc-cess of the Shuttle satellite repair mis-sions, a satellite servicing capability isone of the drivers for these new"spaceplane" vehicles .Current efforts range from the tech-

nologically modest ESA Hermes, anAriane upper stage, to the GermanSanger, to the revolutionary Hotol andNASP programs . While the Sovietsalso have an active shuttle program, itis, of course, cloaked in secrecy .Hermes . The ESA, led in large

part by the French, is funding concep-tual design work on a planned Hermesspace shuttle transport to augment theAriane booster system and competewith the U .S . Shuttle fleet for satelliteservicing and space station resupplymissions . Hermes, a manned shuttlevehicle with a crew of 4-6, using theAriane 5 booster for transport to LEOis planned to be operational in 1995 .

It will be equipped with an airlockfor extra-vehicular activity (EVA) sat-ellite servicing operations . Hermes,which will be smaller than the U .S .Shuttle vehicle, is not planned to beused for satellite launching/retrievalmissions . These will continue to be car-ried out by unmanned Ariane boosters .

Hotol.

The British, while membersof ESA, are largely absent from theHermes effort because of their ownHotol spaceplane effort, a project moretechnologically ambitious thanHermes . Hotol (horizontal takeoff andlanding) is a planned automated (un-manned), single-stage-to-orbit space-plane powered by hybrid LH2/LO2ramjet/rocket engines . Horizontal take-

5

off would be facilitated by a ground-based trolley based at conventionalairports .HASP. The U .S . National Aero-

space Plane (NASP) is envisioned asa follow-on reduced cost per payloadlaunch vehicle to transport payloads toLEO . The NASP will be powered bycombined-cycle engines, such as airturboram_jet (ATR) for the lower speedregimes . In the Mach 5-12 regime, .thesupersonic combustion ramjet providesthe most efficient engine cycle, whilerocket engines are required for exoat-mospheric operations .Sanger .

The West German Sangerspaceplane, named after EugeneSanger, who first proposed the conceptas an intercontinental bomber duringWorld War II, would use an airbreath-ing first-stage aircraft about the size ofa Boeing 747 but capable of speeds be-tween Mach 6-10 to carry the orbitalvehicle to an altitude of 18 miles . Theorbital vehicle would then detach andbe powered by a conventional cryogen-ic rocket engine to an orbital altitudeof 250 mi, with the first stage return-ing for a powered landing .

ConclusionsThese space vehicles will require ad-

vances in a number of technologyareas . New engine and thermal protec-tion materials that are high-strength,light-weight, and resistant to high-tem-perature oxidizing environments willhave to be developed . Advanced met-al matrix, carbon/carbon, andceramic/matrix composites are currentcandidate materials .The propulsion systems of these

spaceplane vehicles will also requiresignificant development . NASP andHotol will probably use hybrid air-breathing turboramjet/rocket (ATR/R)engines that are as yet unproven .Hermes and Sanger will use conven-tional rocket propulsion systems, al-though Sanger will use an advancedATR first stage . The unmanned Hotolvehicle will also require advances in ar-tificial intelligence for flight control .The designs of these vehicles will

likely change during their long devel-opment periods . Other nations, such asJapan, can also be expected to proposeadvanced spaceplane vehicle programs .

Page 6: Vol. 13, No. 2, February, 1987 Joint Service Briefing...data are not intended to serve as a source ofdesign butratherto provide a reference tothegeneral characteris-tics attainable

CP/A

Attendance at JANNAF Conferences and Workshops is by invitation only .MEETING CALENDAR SUBJECT TO CHANGE. FOR LATEST DETAILS, CONTACT THE CPIA .

THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY " APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORYJOHNS HOPKINS ROAD, LAUREL, MARYLAND 20707

CHEMICAL PROPULSIONINFORMATION AGENCY

U .S. POSTAGE

PAIDLAUREL,MARYLANDPERMIT No.1885

NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION

1987 Meeting Type Location Sec . Class .Abstract/Paper

Deadline

21-22 Apr JANNAF Propellant Character- Workshop VPI&SU Unclassified NA NAization Subcommittee Workshop on Blacksburg, VANC-based Propellant Characterization

30 Mar-3 Apr JANNAF Propulsion Systems Hazards Conference/ NASA/MSFC Confidential Past 16 MarSubcommittee Meeting Workshops Huntsville, AL 1987

4-8 May JANNAF Safety and Environmental Conference/ NASA/LeRC Unclassified Past 13 AprProtection Subcommittee Meeting Workshops Cleveland, OH 1987

12-14 May JANNAF Rocket Nozzle Technology Workshop NASA/MSFC Unclassified NA NASubcommittee Workshop on Nozzle Huntsville, ALIntegrity Program Status

5-9 Oct JANNAF Combustion Conference/ NPS Confidential I1 May 21 SepSubcommittee Meeting Workshops Monterey, CA 1987 1987

20-22 Oct JANNAF Rocket Nozzle Technology Conference/ NASA/MSFC Unclassified 19 May 6 OctSubcommittee Meeting Workshops Huntsville, AL 1987 1987

TBD Nov JANNAF Propellant Character- Conference/ TBD Unclassified 23 Jun 3 Novization Subcommittee Meeting Workshops 1987 1987

15-17 Dec JANNAF Propulsion Meeting Conference San Diego, CA Confidential 1 Apr 2 Dec1987 1987