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Vog
tle E
SP M
anda
tory
Hea
ring
Mar
ch23
-25,
200
9
NR
C S
taff
Pre
sent
atio
n To
pic
#4En
viro
nmen
tal I
mpa
ct o
f Alte
rnat
ives
Pres
ente
rs:
Paul
Hen
dric
kson
and
Lan
ce W
. Vai
lPa
cific
Nor
thw
est N
atio
nal L
abor
ator
y
Chr
isto
pher
Coo
k, P
h.D
.H
ydro
logi
c En
gine
erin
g B
ranc
hN
ucle
ar R
egul
ator
y C
omm
issi
on
Bas
is fo
r Ana
lysi
s of
Alte
rnat
ives
•§
102(
2)(C
)(iii
) of N
EPA
requ
ires t
hat a
n EI
S ad
dres
s al
tern
ativ
es to
the
prop
osed
act
ion.
•10
CFR
51
App
. A(5
) cal
ls fo
r pre
sent
atio
n of
alte
rnat
ives
in
an N
RC
EIS
in a
com
para
tive
form
. A
ll re
ason
able
al
tern
ativ
es a
re to
be
iden
tifie
d.•
10 C
FR 5
1.50
(b)(
1) c
alls
for a
n ES
P ER
to in
clud
e an
ev
alua
tion
of a
ltern
ativ
e si
tes t
o de
term
ine
whe
ther
ther
e is
an
obv
ious
ly su
perio
r alte
rnat
ive
site
.•
Ch.
9 o
f Reg
Gui
de 4
.2 R
ev. 2
cal
ls fo
r an
ER to
incl
ude
an
anal
ysis
of e
nerg
y an
d si
te a
ltern
ativ
es.
•ES
RPs
9.2
, 9.3
, and
9.4
pro
vide
staf
f gui
danc
e fo
r rev
iew
of
ener
gy, s
ite a
nd sy
stem
alte
rnat
ives
.3
Cat
egor
ies
of A
ltern
ativ
es
Con
side
red
in th
e EI
S•
Ener
gy A
ltern
ativ
es•
Alte
rnat
ive
Site
s•
Syst
em D
esig
n A
ltern
ativ
es
4
Ener
gy A
ltern
ativ
es
•C
omm
issi
on in
form
ed a
pplic
ants
in a
June
200
3 le
tter t
hat a
n ES
P ap
plic
atio
n ne
ed n
ot in
clud
e an
as
sess
men
t of a
ltern
ativ
e en
ergy
sour
ces.
•So
uthe
rn in
clud
ed a
n an
alys
is o
f ene
rgy
alte
rnat
ives
in
its E
R.
•A
naly
sis o
f ene
rgy
alte
rnat
ives
requ
iring
and
not
re
quiri
ng n
ew g
ener
atin
g ca
paci
ty is
incl
uded
in th
e EI
S.•
EIS
uses
a ta
rget
val
ue o
f 223
4 M
We
of b
asel
oad
pow
er, w
hich
is c
onsi
sten
t with
the
ER.
5
Ener
gy A
ltern
ativ
es N
ot
Req
uirin
g N
ew G
ener
atio
n•
Purc
hase
nee
ded
pow
er fr
om o
ther
s–
EIS
Ch.
8 n
eed
for p
ower
ana
lysi
s con
clud
ed th
at G
eorg
ia P
ower
C
orp.
(GPC
) can
not e
xpec
t to
satis
fy d
eman
d lo
ad b
y ad
ditio
nal
pow
er p
urch
ases
.–
Ana
lysi
s ref
lect
ed G
PC’s
IRP
appr
oved
by
the
Geo
rgia
Pub
lic
Serv
ice
Com
mis
sion
(GPS
C) i
n Ju
ly 2
007.
•R
eact
ivat
ion
of re
tired
pla
nts
–R
eact
ivat
ion
wou
ld b
e co
stly
bec
ause
of t
he re
furb
ishm
ent c
ost t
o m
eet c
urre
nt e
nviro
nmen
tal r
equi
rem
ents
.•
Exte
nd o
pera
ting
life
of e
xist
ing
plan
ts–
Onl
y G
PC p
lant
s sla
ted
for r
etire
men
t are
two
35 y
ear o
ld c
oal p
lant
s (c
ombi
ned
517
MW
e) n
ear d
ownt
own
Atla
nta.
Ext
endi
ng o
pera
ting
life
wou
ld b
e co
stly
.
6
Ener
gy A
ltern
ativ
es N
ot
Req
uirin
g N
ew G
ener
atio
n•
Con
serv
atio
n an
d de
man
d si
de m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
ms
–G
PC’s
200
7 IR
P ap
prov
ed b
y th
e G
PSC
ac
coun
ted
for d
eman
d si
de m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
ms.
•St
aff c
oncl
usio
n: o
ptio
ns n
ot re
quiri
ng n
ew
gene
ratio
n ar
e no
t rea
sona
ble
alte
rnat
ives
to a
ne
w b
asel
oad
nucl
ear p
ower
pla
nt.
7
Ener
gy A
ltern
ativ
es R
equi
ring
New
Gen
erat
ing
Cap
acity
•Pr
inci
pal o
ptio
ns c
onsi
dere
d w
ere
new
coa
l an
d na
tura
l gas
fire
d co
mbi
ned
cycl
e ge
nera
tion
at th
e V
ogtle
site
.•
Oth
er o
ptio
ns c
onsi
dere
d w
ere
oil,
win
d,
sola
r, hy
dro,
geo
ther
mal
, woo
d, so
lid w
aste
, bi
omas
s, fu
el c
ells
, and
a c
ombi
natio
n of
en
ergy
opt
ions
.
8
Staf
f Im
pact
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
ns
•SM
ALL
–En
viro
nmen
tal e
ffec
ts a
re n
ot d
etec
tabl
e or
are
so m
inor
that
they
will
nei
ther
des
tabi
lize
nor
notic
eabl
y al
ter a
ny im
porta
nt a
ttrib
ute
of th
e re
sour
ce.
•M
OD
ERA
TE –
Envi
ronm
enta
l eff
ects
are
suff
icie
nt
to a
lter n
otic
eabl
y, b
ut n
ot to
des
tabi
lize,
impo
rtant
at
tribu
tes o
f the
reso
urce
•LA
RG
E –
Envi
ronm
enta
l eff
ects
are
cle
arly
no
ticea
ble
and
are
suff
icie
nt to
des
tabi
lize
impo
rtant
at
tribu
tes o
f the
reso
urce
.9
Sta
ff Im
pact
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
ns fo
r C
oal-F
ired
Pow
er G
ener
atio
n
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
Envi
ronm
enta
l Jus
tice
MO
DER
ATE
His
toric
and
Cul
tura
l Res
ourc
es
LAR
GE
Ben
efic
ial t
o M
OD
ERA
TE A
dver
seSo
cioe
cono
mic
s
SMA
LLW
ater
Use
and
Qua
lity
MO
DER
ATE
Ec
olog
y
MO
DER
ATE
Land
Use
SMA
LLH
uman
Hea
lth
MO
DER
ATE
Was
te M
anag
emen
t
MO
DER
ATE
Air
Qua
lity
Impa
ctIm
pact
Cat
egor
y
10
SMA
LLEn
viro
nmen
tal J
ustic
e
MO
DER
ATE
His
toric
and
Cul
tura
l Res
ourc
es
MO
DER
ATE
Ben
efic
ial t
o M
OD
ERA
TE A
dver
seSo
cioe
cono
mic
s
SMA
LLW
ater
Use
and
Qua
lity
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
Ecol
ogy
MO
DER
ATE
Land
Use
SMA
LLH
uman
Hea
lth
SMA
LLW
aste
Man
agem
ent
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
Air
Qua
lity
Impa
ctIm
pact
Cat
egor
y
Sta
ff Im
pact
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
ns fo
r N
atur
al G
as-F
ired
Gen
erat
ion
11
Oth
er G
ener
atio
n A
ltern
ativ
es
•O
il –
expe
nsiv
e•
Win
d –
smal
l res
ourc
e an
d lo
w c
apac
ity fa
ctor
•So
lar –
suita
ble
for w
ater
hea
ting
or p
hoto
volta
ic b
ut n
ot fo
r ba
selo
ad, l
ow c
apac
ity fa
ctor
•H
ydro
pow
er –
rela
tivel
y sm
all r
esou
rce
and
high
impa
cts
•G
eoth
erm
al –
no su
itabl
e ea
ster
n re
sour
ce•
Woo
d –
plan
ts to
o sm
all (
~40
MW
e)•
Mun
icip
al S
olid
Was
te –
plan
ts to
o sm
all
•B
iom
ass –
plan
ts to
o sm
all
•Fu
el C
ells
–no
t eco
nom
ical
ly o
r tec
hnol
ogic
ally
com
petit
ive
12
Staf
f Con
clus
ion
Reg
ardi
ngO
ther
Gen
erat
ion
Alte
rnat
ives
•In
divi
dual
ly, o
ther
gen
erat
ion
optio
ns a
re n
ot
reas
onab
le a
ltern
ativ
es to
a n
ew b
asel
oad
nucl
ear p
ower
pla
nt.
13
Com
bina
tion
of
Ener
gy S
ourc
es•
Staf
f ass
umed
this
repr
esen
tativ
e co
mbi
natio
n of
alte
rnat
ive
ener
gy so
urce
s:–
Nat
ural
gas
com
bine
d cy
cle
(159
0 M
W)
–W
ind
ener
gy (6
0 M
W)
–B
iom
ass a
nd so
lid w
aste
(100
MW
)–
Hyd
ropo
wer
(60
MW
)–
Con
serv
atio
n (4
24 M
W)
14
Sta
ff Im
pact
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
ns fo
r a
Com
bina
tion
of P
ower
Sou
rces
SMA
LLEn
viro
nmen
tal J
ustic
e
MO
DER
ATE
His
toric
and
Cul
tura
l Res
ourc
es
MO
DER
ATE
Ben
efic
ial t
o M
OD
ERA
TE A
dver
seSo
cioe
cono
mic
s
SMA
LLW
ater
Use
and
Qua
lity
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
Ecol
ogy
MO
DER
ATE
Land
Use
SMA
LLH
uman
Hea
lth
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
Was
te M
anag
emen
t
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
Air
Qua
lity
Impa
ctIm
pact
Cat
egor
y
15
Sta
ff Im
pact
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
ns fo
r Con
stru
ctio
n an
d O
pera
tion
of N
ew N
ucle
ar, C
oal,
and
Nat
ural
Gas
G
ener
atin
g U
nits
, and
a C
ombi
natio
n of
Alte
rnat
ives
SMA
LLSM
ALL
SMA
LL to
M
OD
ERA
TESM
ALL
Envi
ronm
enta
l Ju
stic
e
MO
DER
ATE
MO
DER
ATE
MO
DER
ATE
MO
DER
ATE
His
toric
and
C
ultu
ral R
esou
rces
MO
DER
ATE
Ben
efic
ial
to M
OD
ERA
TE A
dver
seM
OD
ERA
TE B
enef
icia
l to
MO
DER
ATE
Adv
erse
LAR
GE
Ben
efic
ial t
o M
OD
ERA
TE A
dver
seLA
RG
E B
enef
icia
l to
MO
DER
ATE
Adv
erse
Soci
oeco
nom
ics
SMA
LLSM
ALL
SMA
LLSM
ALL
Wat
er U
se a
nd
Qua
lity
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
Ecol
ogy
MO
DER
ATE
MO
DER
ATE
MO
DER
ATE
SMA
LL to
M
OD
ERA
TELa
nd U
seSM
ALL
SMA
LLSM
ALL
SMA
LLH
uman
Hea
lthSM
ALL
to M
OD
ERA
TESM
ALL
MO
DER
ATE
SMA
LLW
aste
Man
agem
ent
SMA
LL to
MO
DER
ATE
SMA
LL T
O
MO
DER
ATE
MO
DER
ATE
SMA
LLA
ir Q
ualit
y
Com
bina
tion
of
Alte
rnat
ives
Nat
ural
Gas
Coa
lN
ucle
arIm
pact
Cat
egor
y
16
Sta
ff C
oncl
usio
n R
egar
ding
E
nerg
y A
ltern
ativ
es R
equi
ring
New
Gen
erat
ing
Cap
acity
•Fr
om a
n en
viro
nmen
tal p
ersp
ectiv
e, n
one
of
the
viab
le e
nerg
y al
tern
ativ
es fo
r gen
erat
ing
2234
MW
e of
bas
eloa
d po
wer
is c
lear
ly
pref
erab
le to
con
stru
ctio
n of
a n
ew n
ucle
ar
pow
er p
lant
.
17
Sout
hern
’s
Site
Sel
ectio
n Pr
oces
s•
Def
ine
regi
on o
f int
eres
t (R
OI)
–S
outh
ern
sele
cted
its
prin
cipa
l ser
vice
are
a (A
laba
ma,
Geo
rgia
, and
Mis
siss
ippi
) as
its R
OI.
•Id
entif
icat
ion
of p
oten
tial s
ites
–S
outh
ern
dete
rmin
ed th
at th
e ad
vant
ages
(e.g
., ex
istin
g in
frast
ruct
ure)
of c
o-lo
catin
g ne
w n
ucle
ar
gene
ratin
g un
its w
ith a
n ex
istin
g po
wer
pla
nt o
wne
d by
Sou
ther
n ou
twei
ghed
the
pote
ntia
l adv
anta
ges
of
othe
r pos
sibl
e si
ting
alte
rnat
ives
.–
Sou
ther
n id
entif
ied
12 e
xist
ing
gene
ratio
n si
tes
in it
s R
OI w
ith a
vaila
ble
land
for e
xpan
sion
and
ava
ilabl
e co
olin
g w
ater
as
wel
l as
1 gr
eenf
ield
site
.18
Sout
hern
’s
Site
Sel
ectio
n Pr
oces
s•
Iden
tific
atio
n of
can
dida
te si
tes
–So
uthe
rn e
limin
ated
pot
entia
l site
s with
coa
l fire
d po
wer
pl
ants
bec
ause
they
did
not
off
er a
s man
y ad
vant
ages
as
nucl
ear s
ites.
•K
now
n en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
ct a
nd su
itabi
lity
cond
ition
s at
exis
ting
nucl
ear s
ites
•Ex
istin
g nu
clea
r site
s had
pre
viou
sly
been
scre
ened
as p
art o
f an
alte
rnat
ive
site
ana
lysi
s and
bee
n fo
und
acce
ptab
le b
y N
RC
•Lo
cal s
uppo
rt•
Loca
l exp
erie
nced
per
sonn
el–
Res
ultin
g ca
ndid
ate
site
s wer
e So
uthe
rn’s
Far
ley,
Hat
ch,
and
Vog
tle n
ucle
ar si
tes a
nd th
e B
arto
n gr
eenf
ield
site
.
19
Sout
hern
’s
Site
Sel
ectio
n Pr
oces
s•
Iden
tific
atio
n of
pro
pose
d si
te–
Sout
hern
scre
ened
can
dida
te si
tes u
sing
land
use
, ai
r qua
lity,
wat
er q
ualit
y, e
colo
gy,
soci
oeco
nom
ics,
cultu
ral r
esou
rces
, and
en
viro
nmen
tal j
ustic
e cr
iteria
.–
Fina
l scr
eeni
ng re
sulte
d in
the
Vog
tle si
te a
s the
pr
opos
ed E
SP si
te.
20
Staf
f Con
clus
ions
Reg
ardi
ng
Site
Sel
ectio
n•S
outh
ern
used
a lo
gica
l pro
cess
to id
entif
y po
tent
ial
and
cand
idat
e si
tes a
nd th
e pr
opos
ed si
te.
•Sou
ther
n’s c
andi
date
site
s all
appe
ar to
be
pote
ntia
lly
licen
sabl
e si
tes f
or n
ew n
ucle
ar g
ener
atio
n.•S
outh
ern’
s site
sele
ctio
n pr
oces
s was
reas
onab
le a
nd
resu
lted
in c
andi
date
site
s tha
t are
am
ong
the
best
th
at c
ould
reas
onab
ly b
e fo
und
in it
s RO
I.
21
Sta
ff’s
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of
Con
stru
ctio
n Im
pact
s at
the
Can
dida
te E
SP
Site
s
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TES
MA
LL
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
MO
DE
RA
TE
Vogt
le
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
to M
OD
ER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TES
MA
LL to
M
OD
ER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TES
MA
LL to
M
OD
ER
ATE
SM
ALL
Ecol
ogic
alTe
rres
trial
eco
syst
ems
Aqu
atic
eco
syst
ems
Thre
aten
ed a
nd e
ndan
gere
d sp
ecie
s
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Wat
er-R
elat
edW
ater
use
Wat
er q
ualit
y
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Air
Qua
lity
MO
DE
RA
TEM
OD
ER
ATE
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
MO
DE
RA
TE
Land
Use
Site
and
vic
inity
Tran
smis
sion
line
s
Bar
ton
Hat
chFa
rley
Impa
ct A
rea
Cat
egor
y
22
Sta
ff’s
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of
Con
stru
ctio
n Im
pact
s at
the
Can
dida
te E
SP
Site
s (c
ont’d
)
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Rad
iolo
gica
l Hea
lth
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
MO
DE
RA
TEM
OD
ER
ATE
Be
nefic
ial
MO
DE
RA
TE
Bene
ficia
lM
OD
ER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TE
Vogt
le
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Non
radi
olog
ical
Hea
lth
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Env
ironm
enta
l Jus
tice
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
His
toric
and
Cul
tura
l R
esou
rces
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Ben
efic
ial
MO
DER
ATE
Bene
ficia
l
MO
DE
RA
TE
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
MO
DE
RA
TEM
OD
ER
ATE
Ben
efic
ial
MO
DER
ATE
Bene
ficia
l
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
MO
DE
RA
TEM
OD
ER
ATE
Ben
efic
ial
MO
DE
RA
TE B
enef
icia
l
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TE
Soci
oeco
nom
icP
hysi
cal i
mpa
cts
Dem
ogra
phy
Eco
nom
y
Taxe
s
Infra
stru
ctur
e an
dco
mm
unity
A
esth
etic
s
Bar
ton
Hat
chFa
rley
Impa
ct A
rea
Cat
egor
y
23
Sta
ff’s
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of
Ope
ratio
nal
Impa
cts
at th
e C
andi
date
ES
P S
ites
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALLVo
gtle
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
S
MA
LL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Ecol
ogic
alTe
rres
trial
eco
syst
ems
Aqu
atic
eco
syst
ems
Thre
aten
ed a
nd
enda
nger
ed
spec
ies
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Wat
er-R
elat
edW
ater
use
Wat
er q
ualit
y
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Air
Qua
lity
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Land
Use
Site
and
vic
inity
Tran
smis
sion
line
s
Bar
ton
Hat
chFa
rley
Impa
ct A
rea
Cat
egor
y
24
Sta
ff’s
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of
Ope
ratio
nal I
mpa
cts
at th
e C
andi
date
ES
P S
ites
(con
t’d) S
MA
LLS
MA
LLS
MA
LLS
MA
LLIm
pact
of P
ostu
late
d A
ccid
ents
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Rad
iolo
gica
l Hea
lth
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
to M
OD
ER
ATE
MO
DE
RA
TE B
enef
icia
lLA
RG
E B
enef
icia
l
SM
ALL
Vogt
le
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Non
radi
olog
ical
Hea
lth
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Env
ironm
enta
l Jus
tice
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
His
toric
and
Cul
tura
l R
esou
rces
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
MO
DE
RA
TE
SM
ALL
Ben
efic
ial
MO
DE
RA
TE
Ben
efic
ial
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
to M
OD
ER
ATE
SM
ALL
Ben
efic
ial
LAR
GE
Ben
efic
ial
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
to
MO
DE
RA
TES
MA
LL B
enef
icia
lLA
RG
E B
enef
icia
l
SM
ALL
Soci
oeco
nom
icP
hysi
cal i
mpa
cts
Dem
ogra
phy
Aes
thet
ics
Eco
nom
yTa
xes
Infra
stru
ctur
e an
d co
mm
unity
Bar
ton
Hat
chFa
rley
Impa
ct A
rea
Cat
egor
y
25
Sum
mar
y of
Sta
ff Im
pact
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
ns fo
r C
onst
ruct
ion
and
Ope
ratio
n at
the
Can
dida
te
Site
s an
d fo
r the
No-
Act
ion
Alte
rnat
ive
Alte
rnat
ive
Site
sN
o-A
ctio
n A
ltern
ativ
ePr
opos
ed A
ctio
n
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Den
ial o
f ESP
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
Soc
ioec
onom
ic
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Hum
an H
ealth
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
ESP
at V
ogtle
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Air
Qua
lity
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Wat
er U
se a
nd
Qua
lity
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
Eco
logy
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
SM
ALL
to
MO
DER
ATE
Land
Use
Bar
ton
Hat
chFa
rley
Impa
ct
Cat
egor
y
26
Alte
rnat
ive
Site
Opt
ions
No-
Act
ion
Alte
rnat
ive
Prop
osed
Act
ion
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Den
ial o
f ESP
SM
ALL
MO
DER
ATE
ESP
at V
ogtle
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
Env
ironm
enta
l Ju
stic
e
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
SM
ALL
His
toric
and
C
ultu
ral
Res
ourc
es
Bar
ton
Hat
chFa
rley
Impa
ct C
ateg
ory
Sum
mar
y of
Sta
ff Im
pact
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
ns fo
r C
onst
ruct
ion
and
Ope
ratio
n at
the
Can
dida
te
Site
s, a
nd fo
r the
No-
Act
ion
Alte
rnat
ive
(con
t’d)
27
Staf
f Con
clus
ion
Reg
ardi
ngSi
te S
elec
tion
•W
hile
ther
e ar
e so
me
diff
eren
ces b
etw
een
the
staf
f’s c
hara
cter
izat
ions
of e
nviro
nmen
tal
impa
cts a
t the
pro
pose
d si
te a
nd a
t the
al
tern
ativ
e ES
P si
tes,
none
of t
he d
iffer
ence
s is
suff
icie
nt fo
r the
staf
f to
conc
lude
that
any
of
the
alte
rnat
ive
site
s wou
ld b
e en
viro
nmen
tally
pre
fera
ble
to th
e pr
opos
ed
Vog
tle E
SP si
te.
28
Plan
t Coo
ling
Syst
ems
•W
et T
ower
(pro
pose
d)•
Onc
e-Th
roug
h–
Exc
essi
ve w
ater
with
draw
al m
akes
site
un
suita
ble
•H
ybrid
Wet
/Dry
Tow
ers
–S
ome
adva
ntag
es a
nd s
ome
disa
dvan
tage
s•
Coo
ling
Pon
ds–
Impr
actic
al
29
Con
clus
ions
•Th
e S
taff
dete
rmin
ed th
at th
e im
pact
s to
wat
er u
se,
wat
er q
ualit
y, a
nd a
quat
ic e
cosy
stem
s fro
m th
e pr
opos
ed w
et c
oolin
g sy
stem
wer
e S
MA
LL.
–A
ny p
oten
tial a
dvan
tage
s of
a h
ybrid
wet
/dry
coo
ling
syst
em
wou
ld b
e in
thes
e re
sour
ce a
reas
.
•Th
e S
taff
conc
lude
d th
at, g
iven
the
envi
ronm
enta
l di
sadv
anta
ges
of th
e al
tern
ativ
e co
olin
g sy
stem
s co
nsid
ered
, the
y w
ould
not
be
envi
ronm
enta
lly
pref
erab
le to
the
prop
osed
wet
coo
ling
syst
em.
30
