Vocabulary Program Powerful Words - Workbook

7/27/2019 Vocabulary Program Powerful Words - Workbook

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Learn Inc.

Vocab'*u*laryEdited by Margaret Morgan Bynum

TA BLE OF CONTENTS

CASSETT E ONEPretest I ................. ................. 2

Exercise O n e ...................... 2Exercise T w o...................... 3Pretest II................................. 3

Exercise T hree ................... 3Exercise Four ..................... 4

Pretest III................................ 4Exercise Five ...................... 4

Pretest IV .................. .............. 5Exercise S ix ........................ 5Exercise Se v en................... 6

Pretest V ................................. 6Exercise Eight .................... 7Exercise Nine ..................... 7

Pretest V I............ ................... . 8

Exercise T e n...................... 8Exercise Ele ve n.................. 9

Answer K ey .... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... 10WORD LIST ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ... 11

CASSETT E TWOPretest I .................. ................ 12

Exercise O n e ......................12Exercise T w o......................13

Pretest II .................... ............. 13Exercise T hree ................... 14Exercise Four .....................14

Pretest III................................ 15

Exercise Five......................15Exercise S ix ........................15

Pretest IV ................. ............... 16Exercise Se v en ................... 16

Exercise Eight .................... 17Pretest V .................................17

Exercise Nine ..................... 18Exercise T en ...................... 18Pretest V I................................19

Exercise Eleven..................19Answer K ey .... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... 20WORD U S T ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. 21

CASSETTE THREEPretest I ..................................22

Exercise O n e ......................22Exercise T w o......................23

Pretest II ................. ................ 24Exercise T hree ................... 24Exercise Four ..................... 24

Pretest III................................ 25Exercise Five ......................26Exercise S ix ........................26

Pretest IV ................. ................ 27Exercise Seven.................... 27Exercise Eight..................... 28

Pretest V ..................................28Exercise Nine ...................... 28Exercise T e n....................... 28

Answer K ey............................. 29WOR D L IS T ............................ 30

CASSETTE FOURPretest I ................... ................ 31

Exercise O n e .......................31Exercise T w o.......................31

Pretest II ................... ............... 32

Exercise T hree ................... 33Exercise Four .....................33

Pretest III... ................... ............ 34Exercise Five........................34Exercise S ix ..........................34

Pretest IV ..................................35Exercise Seven.....................36Exercise E ig ht ......................36

Pretest V .................................. 36Exercise Nine .......................37Exercise T e n........................ 37

Answer K ey............................. 38WORD U S T .... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... .39

CASSETT E FIVEPretest I ....................................40

Exercise O n e ....................... 40Exercise T w o ....................... 40

Pretest II ................................... 41Exercise T hre e..................... 41Exercise Four.......................42

Pretest III..................................42Exercise Five ....................... 43Exercise S ix......................... 43

Pretest IV ................. ................. 44Exercise S ev en .................... 44Exercise E ig ht ......................44

Pretest V .................................. 45Exercise Nine.......................46Exercise T e n........................46

Answer K ey............................. 47WORD L IS T ............................ 48

Index................. Inside Back Cover

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CASSETTE ONE

Pretest I

DIRECT IONS: Match the list of words in Column A with the meanings in Column B. O n the line write the word

from Column that is closest in meaning.

A

1. elucidate ______________________________________________________ hint, suggest

2. nua nc e_______________________________________________________ shade of meaning

3. cr itique_______________________________________________________ mean

4. mnemo nic s___________________________________________________ clarify

5. synonym_____________________________________________________ review carefully

6. denote______ _________________________________________________ memory aids

7. connotation______________ ________________ ____________________ deduce

8. imply____ ____________________________________________________ meaning the same

9. infer __________________________________________________________ sugg ested meaning

Please return to Cassette One for a conversation about these words.

Exercise One

DIRECTIONS: Following each sentence using an italicized word is a set of four choices to fill the blank. On theline, write the word that is closest in meaning to the italicized word.

1. To elucidate a statement means to_______________________

a. defend it b. deny it c. explain it d. arg ue with it

2. T o unders tand the nuances of a language, one must be familiar with- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

a. roots b. suffixes c. overtones d. literal meanings

3. When giving a critique of a play, the reviewer is concerned with________________________observation.

a. superficial b. detailed c. disinterested d. casual

4. Mnemonics concerns our______________________ of information.

a. challenging b. remembering c. discussing d. cataloging

5. Synonyms are words that have_____________________ meanings.

a. different b. opposite c. similar d. obvious

6. To denote usually means to______ ________________ a word meaning.

a. imply b. indicate c. speculate d. organize

7. Connotation in language is a concern for the_____________ ____________ a word has.

a. sources b. ass ociations c. pronounciations d. spellings

8. To imply means to .__________________ that something is so.

a. state b. sugg est c. insist d. dema nd

9. When we infer something, we usually mean that we reach our decisions by_______________________

a. chance b. gues s c. evidence d. hearsay

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CASSETT E ONE

Exercise Two

DIRECT IONS: Fill in the blanks in the following paragr aph with one of the following words:

elucidate, critique, nuances, mnemonics, synonym, denote, connotations, imply, infer.

In the morning paper there was a lengthy (1) __________________________ of the play that served to (2)

_________________________the difficult topic of physics. Althoug h the title helped to ( 3 )_________________________

the literal meaning of the play, the work was filled with many overtones and (4)__________________________ I dont

mean to (5)_________________________ that it was a confusing work, but based on the evidence of the scenes,one could (6)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - that it was a complicated drama. There were enough shades of meaning

and (7 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - to make me ponder the playwrights intent. I took some notes on the program. Theyll

serve as (8) _________________________ for future recall. I found the play confusing. If I had to produce another

descriptive word for the play, the (9 )_______________________ would be challeng ing.

Pretest II

DIRECTIONS: On the line after each word in Column A, write its meaning f rom Column B.

A

1. cognizance____________________________________________________ word beginning

2. ger mane .______________________________________________________ unnecessary

3. succinct_______________________________________________________ thinking

4. ex traneous_____________________________________________________ concise

5. cerebration____________________________________________________ pertinent, related

6. prefix __________________________________________________________ understanding

Now please rejoin us on Cassette One to discuss these six words.

Exercise Threei

DIRECTIONS: After each of the following words are four other words. Choose the one closest in meaning andwrite it in the blank line.

1. Cognizant______________________

a. urbane b. knowledgeable c. unhappy d. relevant

2. Germane______________________

a. sickly b. relevant c. multiple d. growing

3. Extraneous_____________________

a. essential b. ordinary c. foreign d. unnecessary

4. Succinct______________________

a. concise b. overf lowing c. tasty d. following

5. Cerebration______________________

a. renewal b. necessity c. thinking d. motivation

6. Prefix______________________

a. root of word b. beginning of a word c. end of word d. similar word

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CASSETTE ONE

Exercise Four

DIRECT IONS: Fill in the blanks in the following parag raph with one of the following words:

cognizance, germane, succinct, extraneous, cerebration, prefix

Whereas a preface may beg in a book, a (1 )_____________________will introduce a word. Recognition or (2)

_____________________of precise words enables us to select ( 3 ) _____________________ _____words relative to our

thoughts and write brief, (4) ________________________ messages without including unnecessary, (5)

_________________________ones that cause lengthy (6) ________________ __________ and mental anxiety in figuringout what response we expect.

Pretest III

DIRECT IONS: After each prefix listed below, write its meaning .

1. ab _____ _____ ____ _____ _____ ____ ___________ ______ _____ ______ __________________________ _____ ___

2. a d - _______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. co m or con -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -4. de_______ ___ _________________________________________________________________________________ ___ _

5. ex - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

6. in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7. in (another meaning )- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

8. pre - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

9. pro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10. re - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Please return to Cassette One to share our discussion of these prefixes.

Exercise FiveDIRECTIONS: After each prefix listed below, write its meaning and one word using it.

Prefix Meaning Word

1. ab- __ ____ __________ _____ __________ ________________________________

2. ad- _____________ _____ _____ _____ -____ _____ _____ _____________________ _

3. co m or con __________ ___________ ____________ _ - - - - --- -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

4. de __________________________ ___________ _ -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5. ex _______________ ______ _____ _______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

6. in ____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______ _ - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7. in (another) ____________________________________ ________________________________

8. pre ______ ______ _____ _- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

9. pro ___ _____ -- - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - -

10. re - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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CASSETT E ONE

DIRECT IONS: T he next twelve words are listed in the co lumn at the left, each followed by a blank. Select the wordfrom the column on the right that is closest in meaning, and write it in the blank.

A

Pretest IV

1. abdicate scornful

2. abhor patronizing

3. addendum added to, attached

4. adjunct detest

5. rnnrnmitant profanity, meaningless expression

6. condescending reconcile

7. delineate addition

8. derisive accompanying

9. ridiculous -- draw, clarify

10. expiate withdraw fr om

11. atone make amends

12. expletive absurd, laughable

Please return to Cassette One to hear our discussion of these twelve words.

Exercise Six

DIRECTIONS: Circle your choice of the words that best fit the mea nings of the sentences.

1. T he king was in no mood to (abdicate, expiate) even though his subjects had hoped to be rid of him.

2. If young people would (delineate, abhor) horror movies, Hollywood would not make so many of them.

3. A n already overly long book review does not need a lengthy (addendum, expletive).

4. T he fact that he was (an adjunct, a concomitant) professor rather than a permanent member of the faculty

did not affect his teaching ability.

5. The (atonement, concomitant) nature of baseball, basketball, and hockey seasons makes it difficult to follow

a favorite team.

6. If a parent treats his children with continual (addendum , condescension), he will lose their respect.

7. A n outstanding sports announcer can (expiate, delineate) the plays on a video screen with little trouble.

8. When George Orwell was asked in India to shoot an enraged elephant, he was most concerned with the

(derisive, expletive) scom of the crowd.

9. If a novelty song contains no meaning, musicians soon see it as (an abhorrent, a ridiculous) ditty.

10. In olden times, to (delineate, expiate) ones guilt, people went around in sack cloth.

11. The husband who forgot to take out the trash sought (atonement, addendum) from his wife with shortcake

from the bakery.

12. There is a modern concern that rock lyrics have an (expletive, ex piation) in every stanza.

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CASSETTE ONE

Exercise Seven

DIRECT IONS: Fill the blanks in the next six sentences with one of these words:

abdication, abhorrence, addendum, adjunct, concomitant, condescension

1. ______________________ is an adjective meaning a consistent accompaniment or coinciding in time.

2. ______________________ is intense dislike, hate.

3. ______________________ is a noun meaning an added part, a supplement.

4. ______________________ is an adjective meaning added or joined to, attached.

5. ______________________ is a renouncement of responsibilities or duties.

6. ______________________ means a descent from rank, an unbending, patronization.

Fill the next five blanks with these words:

atone, delineate, derision, expiate, expletive

7. Two words that mean to appease or to reconcile are______________________ and ______________________ _

8. Another word for ridicule is ______________________

9. A n often profane word with little meaning is a n______________________

10. To give a clear picture through lines or details is to _______________________

Pretest V

DIRECT IONS: In the blank after each word in Column A, write the word from Column that is closest in meaning.

A

1. induce dubious

2. inadvertently . . . , .................................... enormous

3. precept unintentionally

4. prodigious renewal

5. propinquity lead to

6. resurgence principle, example

7. anomalous nearness

8. apocryphal ominous

9. portentous irregular

Please return to Cassette One to listen to our clarification of these nine words.

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Exercise Eight

DIRECT IONS: Complete each of the following s entences by adding one of the lettered words that follow it. Writethe word in the space provided.

1. Mrs. Fox could no t______________________her children to eat green vegetables.

a. seduce b. induce c. adduce d. perceive

2. The golfer______________________hit his opponents ball by mistake.

a. inadvertently b. forcef ully c. purposefully d. irregularly

3. One _____________________that Ben Franklin seemed to follow was, A penny saved is a penny earned.

a. misanthrope b. portent c. precept d. prefix

4. T he_____________________ amount of wheat grown on the farms became more of a bane than a boon when

the market price dropped.

a. meag er b. ominous c. portentous d. prodigious

5. T he ladies of the bridge club shared a ______________________that went beyond their meeting each Thursday

afternoon.

a. alienation b. menu c. propinquity d. omen

6. T he_____________________ of J apa n as a leading economic power is one of the marvels of mode m times.

a. precepts b. apocryphal c. resurgence d. addendum

7. J ust when you think you have your income tax f orm filled out correctly, there is some - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

section that throws you off balance.

a. derisive b. atonement c. anomalous d. expletive

8. Modern biographies seem interested in dramatic action that i s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - rather than based on

historical facts.

a. inadvertent b. apocry phal c. tentative d. portentous

9. T he first news of President Reagans being shot was a ________________________ announcement.

a. inadvertent b. resurgent c. portentous d. concomitant

Exercise Nine

DIRECTIONS: In the following paragr aph, select one of the following words to fill each blank and provide the bestmeaning in the context of the sentence.

anomalous induce prodigiousapocry phal portentous propinquityinadver tent precept resurgence

The American government is trying to (1) _______________ the general public to save more money. It could be

(2) ________________________ since the government itself is spending more than ever as though a main

(3) ______________________were (4 ) __________________________spending. If the gov ernment says to save on one

hand while spending on the other, we are faced with an (5 )______________________situation that will lead to a

(6) ______________________of higher interest rates. Adding to this (7)______________________ situation is the excessive

amount of imports while exports decline. The (8)______________________of friendly neighbors to our north and

south has not alleviated the trade imbalance. Many pretend this economic condition is (9)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

but it is based on facts and figures.

CASSETTE ONE

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CASSET TE

DIRECT IONS: Fill in each blank after the words in Column A with the word from Column that is closest inmeaning.

A

1. er udite_______________________________________________ bitter, harsh

2. es oter ic______________________________________________ argumentativ e, belligerent

3. enigma______________________________________________ praise

4. cacophony ___________________________________________ puzzle

5. dissonance___________________________________________ perfect ex ample, model

6. corrobor ation_________________________________________ hidden, secret

7. homog eneity _________________________________________ displaying great knowledge

8. acr imonious__________________________________________ flagrantly wicked

9. bellicose_____________________________________________ disharmony, harsh- sounding

10. nefarious_____________________________________________ confirmation, support

11. accolade_____________________________________________ noise, lack of agreement12. par ag on______________________________________________ imitate

13. emulate______________________________________________ similarity, uniformity

Its time now to listen to the discussion of these last thirteen words. There are only two more exercises for CassetteOne.

Exercise Ten

DIRECTIONS: In the following paragraph, circle the word in parenthesis that best completes the meaning of the

sentence.

The (1. erudite, nefarious) adult school teacher was always looking for (2. acrimonious, esoteric) meanings, even

in short stories of a straightforward nature without a trace of an (3. enigma, accolade). Of course, in the classroom

with a (4. cacophony, corroboration) of sounds, discussion was difficult. This led to conflicting opinions and a

(5. dissonance, homogeneity) of views. There was little (6. dissonance, homogeneity) of opinions, little similarity

of viewpoints. Fortunately, there was one outstanding student who served as (7. a paragon, an accolade) for the

others. When discussions became nasty and (8. acrimonious, nefarious), he would quiet the most (9. esoteric,

bellicose) students who wanted to fight over the issue. If there were any (10. nefarious, esoteric) ploy to disrupt

conversation, this student could also (11. emulate, erudite) the teacher and offer (12. enigmas, accolades) to

the least boisterous. He excelled in offering (13. dissonance, corroboration) of any sound idea offered.

Pretest VI

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Exercise Eleven

DIRECT IONS: Complete the following sentences by writing in the blank the lettered word that best fits the meaningof the sentence.

1. The librarian was accust omed to dealing with many learned and______________________ professors whose language

was hard to understand.

a. paragon b. bellicose c. erudite d. vapid

2. If checkers is a rather easy game, chess should be called______________________a. different b. homog ene ous c. esoteric d. provincial

3. Sherlock Holmes could solve almost any ______________________, much to Wats on's amazement.

a. enig ma b. editorial c. condescension d. romance

4. A ______________________of sounds emanated from the s chool cafeteria daily.

a. delineation b. parag on c. cacophony d. jargon

5. Members of the debating team thought they had agreed on a topic, but they suddenly f ound themselves with

a genuine case of______________________

a. complacency b. dissonance c. res onance d. articulation

6. Without th e______________________of the Senate, the President has difficulty passing his choice of legislation.

a. abdication b. rudeness c. disparag ement d. corroboration

7. The problem with too m uc h______________________in any organization is a feeling of dullness.

a. laxity b. homoge neity c. corr oboration d. perplexity

8. The g uest speaker was s hocked at the______________________nature of the questions from the audience.

a. plaintive b. acr imonious c. mnemonic d. persuasive

9. The situation in Northern Ireland has long been in a ____________________ state.

a. pleasant b. bellicose c. virtuous d. ethical

10. Some say the s hooting of the Pope was a ______________________scheme with roots in Bulgaria.

a. nefarious b. negligent c. inoffensive d. pacifying

11. Winners at the Olympics receive many_____________________ beyond the awarding of a medal.

a. dispatches b. coronets c. emulat ions d. accolades

12. It is often difficult for a child to ______________________actions of an outstanding parent.

a. emulate b. expiate c. abdicate d. connote

13. Few would doubt that Mother Theresa is a _________________________ of virtue.

a. enig ma b. mnemonic c. parag on d. cacophony

CASSETTE ONE

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CASSETTE ONE

Cassette One Answer Key

Pretest I Exercise One Ex ercise Two

1. clarify 1. ex plain it 1. critique2. shade of meaning 2. overtones 2. elucidate3. review carefully 3. detailed 3. denote4. memory aids 4. remembering 4. connotations5. meaning the same 5. similar 5. imply6. mean 6. indicate 6. infer7. suggested meaning 7. associations 7. nuances8. hint, suggest 8. suggest 8. mnemonics

9. deduce 9. evidence 9. synonym

Pretest II Exercise Three Ex ercise Four

1. understanding 1. knowledgeable 1. prefix 2. pertinent, related 2. relevant 2. cognizance3. concise 3. unnecessary 3. germane4. unnecessary 4. concise 4. succinct5. thinking 5. thinking 5. ex traneous6. word beginning 6. beginning of a word 6. cerebration

Pretest III Exercise Five(some possible answers )

1, f rom, away 1. abstr act, abstain2. to, toward 2. adhere, adjunct3. with, together, thoroughly 3. combine, commune4. from, down, away 4. denote, defend

5. out of, from, former 5. ex- marine, expatriot6. in, into, on 6. inhale, induce7. not 7. inactive, incomplete8. before, earlier than, prior to 8. prefab, preschool9. forward, in favor of 9. promote, produce

10. again, back 10. regain, recognize

Pretest IV Exercise Six Exercise Seven

1. wit hdraw fr om 1. abdicate 1. concomitant2. detest 2. abhor 2. abhorrence3. addition 3. addendum 3. addendum4. added to, attached 4. adjunct 4. adjunct5. accompanying 5. concomitant 5. abdication6. patronizing 6. condescension 6. condescension7. draw, clarify 7. delineate 7. atone, expiate8. scornful 8. derisive 8. derision9. absurd, laughable 9. a ridiculous 9. expletive

10. make amends 10. expiate 10. delineate11. reconcile 11. atonement12. profanity, meaningless ex pression 12. expletive

Pretest V Exercise Eight Exercise Nine

1. lead to 1. induce 1. induce2. unintentionally 2. inadvertently 2. inadvertent3. principle, ex ample 3. precept 3. precept4. enormous 4. prodigious 4. prodigious5. nearness 5. propinquity 5. anomalous6. renewal 6. resurgence 6. resurgence7. irregular 7. anomalous 7. portentous8. dubious 8. apocryphal 8. propinquity9. ominous 9. portentous 9. apocryphal

Pretest VI Ex ercise Ten Exercise Eleven

1. displaying great knowledge 1. erudite1. erudite2. hidden, secret 2. esoteric 2. esoteric

3. puzzle 3. enigma 3. enigma4. disharmony, harsh- sounding 4. cacophony 4. cacophony5. noise, lack of agreement 5. dissonance 5. dissonance6. confirmation, support 6. homogeneity 6. corroboration7. similarity, uniformity 7. a paragon 7. homogeneity8. bitter, harsh 8. acrimonious 8. acrimonious9. argumentative, belligerent 9. bellicose 9. bellicose

10. flagrantly wicked 10. nefarious 10. nefarious11. praise 11. emulate 11. accolades12. perfect ex ample, model 12. accolades 12. emulate13. imitate 13. corroboration 13. paragon

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CASSETTE TWO

Pretest I

DIRECTIONS: On the line after each word in Column _A write the word from Column 13that is closest in meaning .

A

1. serendipity________________________________ turning point

2. pedigree__________________________________ unex pected occurrence needing action

3. ex igency__________________________________ ancestral line

4. emer gency ________________________________ desperate

5. contingency _______________________________ aptitude for making fortunate discoveries

6. crisis_____________________________________ tight place, narrow passage

7. dire______________________________________ urgency

8. strait_____________________________________ untangle, free

9. extricate__________________________________ possibility

Please join us on Cassette Two now.

Exercise One

DIRECTIONS: Following each vocabulary word are four choices. Choose the one closest in meaning and writeit in the blank.

1. Serendipity_____________________________

a. nervous disorder b. ability to find the unex pected c. sad music d. claustrophobia

2 Pedigree______________________________

a. ancestral line b. hair style c. learning experience d. foot doctor

3. Exigency_____________________________

a. delay b. planned action c. stalling tactics d. urgency

4. Emergency_____________________________

a. stable condition b. unex pected occurrence c. new growth d. hemorrhag e

5. Contingency_____________________________

a. land mark b. direct route c. possible option d. containment

6. Crisis______________________________

a. unexpected emerg ency b. stable c. placid mood d. turning point

7. Dire______________________________

a. desire b. desperate c. aflame d. placid

8. Strait______________________________

a. tight place, narrow passage b. proper c. ethics d. accurate drawing

9. Extricate______________________________

a. resign b. motivate c. untangle d. snarl

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Exercise Two

DIRECTIONS: In each of the following sentences, you are given a choice of two words. Circle the word that bestfits the meaning of the sentence.

1. When looking for my g olf clubs, I found a long lost tennis racket. I hoped this pleasant surprise might indicate

that I had (contingency, serendipity) and never realized it.

2. Horse breeders are often more concerned about the {strait, pedigree) of a horse than about its outward appearance.

3. When Jo hn broke his leg, he was taken directly to the (emergency. contingency) room at the hospital.

4. If all the doors are locked, the administrator has (a contingency, an exigency) plan for entering the building.

5. Once the boy began telling lies to his mother, he found it difficult to (implicate, extricate) himself from the

unpleasant situation.

6. In a time of (serendipity, crisis) a calm voice is welcomed.

7. When y ou go to the bank and find that youve overdrawn your account, the situation is (dire, extricating).

8. Even the experienced pilot had difficulty going through the (straits, straights) of Panama.

9. The President told the Senate of the (contingency, exigency) concerning the tax bill; legislation had to be passedbefore the chamber recessed.

Pretest II

DIRECTIONS: Match the meanings in Column _A with the words in Column B. On the line after each meaning,write the word f rom Column B.

CASSETTE TWO

A

1. condition, rank anesthetic

2. standard for judgment anesthesia3. gas or drug used to produce loss of feeling anesthetist

4. one branched candlestick .......... anesthesiologist

5. a doctor who specializes in anesthesia data

6. nnp layer status

7. fact or facts, information stratum

8. observable event candelabra

9. technician trained to administer anesthetic agenda

10. Inss nf sensation, feeling criterion

11. planned schedule ... _ ......... . phenomenon

Now its time to rejoin us on Cassette Two.

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Exercise Three

DIRECTIONS: In the blanks in the following paragraph, write one of the following words that best completes themeaning.

anesthetic, anesthesia, anesthetist, anesthesiologist, data, status, stratum, candelabra,criterion, phenomenon, agenda

Nurse Jones had spent a year studying to be an (1) _______________________________ She works under the g uidance

CASSETTE TWO

of an (2 ) ______________________________ _ Jones administers the ( 3 ) ______________________________ , but she

is not permitted to verify if a state of ( 4 ) ______________________________ is present in the patient. S he reads the(5 )____ __________________________ on the tape from the monitoring equipment. Last year she helped establish

a (6) ______________________________ or norm to determine when the patient is truly unconscious. The single

(7) ______________________________of s hut eyes is certainly not sufficient. Nurse Jones takes pride in the fact that

each day she has a clear format in readiness. The doctor knows immediately by looking at her

(8 ) __________________________just what has to be done first. She carefully notes the (9 )______________________

of everyone in the operating room, what duty is assigned to each person, and the level or ( 10)

______________________________ for which training has been completed. Nurse Jone s allows herself one eccentricity:

when she returns home from work, she turns on no lights; she lights one silver (11) ______________________________

and relaxes in its glow.

Exercise Four

DIRECTIONS: In each of the following sentences, you are given a choice of two words. Circle the word that bestcompletes the meaning of the sentence.

1. Some nurses have difficulty in administer ing the (anesthesia, anesthetic).

2. A person who is always concerned about his (status, strata) in life watches what others are doing, buying,

or earning.

3. When the patient began to awaken before the prescribed time, the doctor made a hasty call for an (anesthesiologist,

anesthesia).

4. Home computers allow the average person to store much more (data, strata) than ever before.

5. The (anesthetist, anesthetic) has the responsibility for making the patient unconscious.

6. Liberace is famous for having a (candelabra, candelabrum) on his piano.

7. Each (stratum, strata) of the inner earth fascinates the world of science.

8. The (criteria, phenomena) for entrance into the U.S. military academies are many and varied.

9. When the manager follows his (datum, agenda) at monthly meetings, there is little discord.

10. Haileys comet is a (phenomenon, phenomena) that occurs once every seventy-five years.

11. In accupuncture, a state of (anesthesia, anesthetic) is considered unnecessary.

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Pretest III

CASSETTE TWO

DIRECTIONS: After each meaning in Column A is a blank line. Write in the word from Column E3 that most nearlymatches the meaning.

A

1. speak in opposition circumference

2. false science....

......

circumlocution3. false indication circumvent

4. inferior in rank circumnavigate

5. prudent, correct circumspect

6. to go around, avoid contraindication

7. symptoms similar to tuberculosis condradict

8. underground pseudoscience

9. sail around, bypass pseudopregnancy

10. distance around a circle pseudotuberculosis

11. talking around the point .. _ .................... subordinate

12. false pregnancy subterranean

Please rejoin us now on Cassette Two.

Exercise Five

DIRECT IONS: On the line, write the prefix meaning not that can be used to make the following words negative.

1. ____________ regular 6_____________possible

2. ____________ proper 7_____________logical

3. ____________ legal 8_____________mobile

4. ____________ balance 9 ._____________approve

5. ____________ moral 1 0._____________religious

Exercise Six

DIRECTIONS: In each of the following sentences, you are given a choice of words. Circle the one that best completesthe meaning of the sentence.

1. The members of the historical society were told there would be time for questions provided there were no

(circumlocutions, circumferences) to waste time.

2. T he tardy(circumspect, subordinate) was looked upon with disdain by his employer.

3. The (circumference, contraindication) of the table at the European meeting of NATO officials became a

paramount issue.

4. The doctor told the young woman that the cure she was taking was the result of (pseudoscience,

pseudopregnancy) rather than valid research.

5. The policeman told the tourist to take an alternate route to (contradict, circumvent) the heavy city traffic.

6. Even when she noticed the sy mptoms of rapidly increasing weight and appetite, the doctor assured the young

woman she was ex periencing (pseudotuberculosis, pseudopregnancy).

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CASSETTE TWO

7. Columbus felt he could (circumference, circumnavigate) the land mass before him.

8. (Pseudotuberculosis, Pseudoscience) was more prevelant in the coal mining town than in the shore communities.

9. If you (contradict, circumvent) others only when necessary and avoid a show of superior knowledge, your

friendships will be stronger.

10. The football official threw his penalty flag on the ground and then picked it up. This (circumlocution,

contraindication) of messages angered the fans who were unable to determine the status of the play.

11. A carefully (circumspect, subordinate) attitude is best when traveling in a new city.

Pretest IV

DIRECTIONS: After each word in Column A is a blank line. Write in the meaning fr om Column B.

A B.

1. abstention_________________________________________________ worldly

2. cons ummate (verb)_________________________________________ science of order of nature

3. cons ummate (adj )__________________________________________ everywhere present

4. cosmopolitan_______________________________________________ laughable, ridiculous

5. cos mopolite________________________________________________ summary, list

6. co smos___________________________________________________ worldly person

7. cosmogr aphy- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - act of v oluntar ily refraining

8. malapropism- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - confuse

9. ubiquit ous - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - br ing to completion

10. compendium- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - misuse of words

11. ludicrous- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - relating to the universe

12. obfuscate- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - complete, perfect

Exercise Seven

DIRECTIONS: In each of the following sentences, you are given a choice of words. Circle the one that best completesthe meaning of the sentence.

Not wanting to (1. obfuscate, ludicrous) the issue, I want to point out that there are two ways of pronouncing

the name of Hailey, the man responsible for the name of the comet that visits our (2. cosmos, cosmography)

about every seventy-five years. The preferred pronunciation rhymes with valley. It would be (3. ludicrous, cosmopolitan)

to insist upon associating the (4. cosmopolitan, ludicrous) astronomer with the rock group known as Bill Hailey

and the Comets. This kind of association probably accounts for many confused uses, many (5. malapropisms,

cosmopolites) by careless speakers. In 1682, using his own home telescope, the (6. cosmographer, ubiquitous)

Hailey first saw what would eventually carry his name. This led him on a pilgrimage to Sir Isaac Newton, the most

(7. consummate, ludicrous) of English scientists. The gregarious Hailey was one of the few men the austere Newton

would see in person. Newton said he was aware of the phenomenon and even had calculations on it somewhere

in his study. Hailey prevailed upon Newton to have his (8. cosmos, compendium) printed. Newton favored (9. abstention,

malapropisms) but eventually agreed. When he did (10. comsummate, obfuscate) the total work, it became The

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, a study that not only explained the motion of comets but also

revolutionized our conception of the (11. ludicrous, cosmic) extent of our orderly universe.

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Exercise Eight

DIRECTIONS: After each mea ning in Column A, write the matching word fr om Column J3 on the blank line.

A JB

1. confusion_____________________________________________ ludicrous

2. concise_______________________________________________ _ cos mic

3 . person bored by too much worldly ex perience_________________________ malapropisms4. relating to the universe, v as t- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - abstain

5. bring to a desired conc lusion________________ ____________ ___________ compendious

6. laughable _____________________________________ ___________ -________ cosmopolite

7. confusion of words and phrase s____________________ __________________ cons ummate (adj)

8. v oluntarily refrain f r om -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cosmos

9. the ultimate, perf ect__________________ ____________________ _________ obfuscation

10. acquainted with the wonders of the w orl d_______ _____________________ cosmography

11. the orderly sys tem of the unive rse_____________ ______________________ cosmopolitan

12. science dealing with the order of nature, and the univer se_________ ____ consummate (verb)

Pretest V

DIRECTIONS: On the line after each word in Column A , write the word or phras e in Column that most nearly

matches it in meaning.

CASSETTE TWO

A

1. understand progeny

2. common language prodigy

3. tombstone inscription reprehend

4. descendants comprehend

5. delete oracular

6. a reprimand _ ........ vernacular

7. photoelectric cell deranged

8. omen, bright child ... . epitaph

9. rlp^rriptivp phrase, profanity epithet

10. stpaHy, uniform .......... censor

11. 4tnHy nf inspcts censure

12. study of words censer

13. ai ithoritative sensor

14. inrpnsp burner equable

15. to criticize ......... equitable

16. fair, just entomology

17. disturbed etymology

Please return to us on Cassette Two.

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CASSETTE TWO

Exercise Nine

DIRECT IONS: In the following sentences, circle your choice of words that best fits the meaning of the sentence.

1. Einstein is an excellent example of a child not considered a (prodigy, progeny) but certainly possessing

extraordinary abilities.

2. The school master in the story began treating the main character with (reprehension, censer) as soon as

he saw the paper airplane sail out the window.

3. An altar boy who tends the (censer; censor) at Eastertime feels honored by the trust placed in him.

4. During wartime there is a need to (censor; censure) mail; even a small remark about a destination could

aid the enemy.

5. Sadly, the films and stage productions of today contain many more (epitaphs, epithets) than those of former

times.

6. The settlement finally agreed upon was clearly not (equable, equitable) to the groups not represented on

the committee.

7. The king made the mistake of thinking his (prodigy, progeny) would be as charitable as he had always

been with his possessions.

8. The pompous judge s poke in (an oracular, a vernacular) manner.

9. If you (censure, censer) your children from morning till night, they will never have a chance to demonstrate

responsibility on their own.

10. That survey company has established a reputation of providing consistently (equable, equitable) statistics.

11. One of the most famous (epitaphs, epithets) is on Shakespeares tomb in Stratford-On- Avon.

12. A gifted speaker is not afraid of occasional (vernacular, progeny) expressions in his speeches; in fact, he

may purposely include them.

13. On a test that may decide your future, the first step is to be certain you (reprehend, comprehe nd) the instructions.

14. That study of insects in high school captured his interest and resulted in a long career in (etymology, entomology).

15. The photoelectr ic cell responded as a (censer, sensor) should.

16. The complete (arrangement, derangement) of the store window suggested an internal explosion.

17. The (etymologist, entomologist) treated individual words as members of his living family.

Exercise Ten

DIRECTIONS: On the line after each word in Column A, write the word or phrase in Col umn that most nearlymatches it in meaning.

A

1. censor - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - understand

2. prog eny - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - common language

3. prodigy- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tombs tone inscription

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CASSETTE T WO

4. censure descendants

4 ppithet delete as from print

6. equable reprimand

7. censer photoelectric cell

8. epitaph omen, bright child

9. reprehend descriptive phrase, profanity

10. oracular steady, uniform

11. deranged study of insects

12. equitable study of words

13. comprehend authoritative

14. entomology .............. incense burner

15. sensor criticize

16. ety mology ........... ....... fair, just

17. vernacular disturbed

Pretest VI

DIRECT IONS: Write the meaning of each suffix.

1. logy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2. - ly - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

3. - ful ________________________________________________________________

4. ship- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5. like- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - -

Now rejoin us on Cassette Two for a discussion of these suffixes.

Exercise Eleven

DIRECTIONS: Add the proper suffix to the following words to complete the needed meaning.

1. The woman was everything you desire aesthetically; she was beauti- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2. T he science of society is known as socio- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

3. His manner of dialog ue was characterized by brevity; he always spoke brief- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

4. 1suppose every father would like to instill a sportsman___________________________ attitude in his children.

5. Friend___________________________ includes all connotations of being a friend.

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CASSETTE TWO

Cassette T wo Answer Key

Pretest I Exercise One Exercise Two

1.. aptitude for making fortunate discoveries 1. ability to find the unexpected 1. serendipity2. ancestral line 2. ancestral line 2. pedigree3. urgency 3. urgency 3. emergency4. unexpected occurrence needing action 4. unex pected occurrence 4. contingency5. possibility 5. possible option 5. extricate6. turning point 6. t urning point 6. crisis7. desperate 7. desperate 7. dire8. tight place, narrow passage 8. tight place, narrow passage 8. straits9. untangle, free 9. untangle 9. exigency

Pretest II Exercise Three Exercise Four

1. status 1. anesthetist 1. anesthetic2. criterion 2. anesthesiologist 2. status3. anesthetic 3. anesthetic 3. anesthesiologist4. candelabra 4. anesthesia 4. data5. anesthesiologist 5. data 5. anesthetist6. stratum 6. criterion 6. candelabra7. data 7. phenomenon 7. stratum8. phenomenon 8. agenda 8. criteria9. anesthetist 9. status 9. agenda

10. anesthesia 10. stratum 10. phenomenon11. agenda 11. candelabra 11. anesthesia

Pretest III Exercise Five...... ..........

Exercise Six

1. contradict 1. irregular 1. circumlocutions

2. pseudoscience 2. improper 2. subordinate3. contraindication 3. illegal 3. circumference4. subordinate 4. imbalance 4. pseudoscience5. circumspect 5. immoral 5. circumvent6. circumvent 6. impossible 6. pseudopregnancy7. pseudotuberculosis 7. illogical 7. circumnavigate8. subterranean 8. immobile 8. pseudotuberculosis9. circumnavigate 9. disapprove 9. contradict

10. circumference 10. irreligious 10. contraindication11. circumlocution 11. circumspect12. pseudopregnancy

Pretest IV Exercise Seven Exercise Eight

1. act of voluntarily refr aining 1. obfuscate 1. obfuscation2. bring to completion 2. cosmos 2. compendious3. co mplete, perfect 3. ludicrous 3. cosmopolite4. worldly 4. cosmopolitan 4. cosmic

5. worldly person 5. malapropisms 5. consummate (v)6. relating to the universe 6. cosmographer 6. ludicrous7. science of order of nature 7. consummate 7. malapropisms8. misuse of words 8. compendium 8. abstain9. everywhere present 9. abstention 9. consummate (adj)

10. summary, list 10. consummate 10. cosmopolitan11. laughable, ridiculous 11. cosmic 11. cosmos12. confuse 12. cosmography

Pretest V Exercise Nine Exercise Ten

1. comprehend 1. prodigy 1. delete as from print2. vernacular 2. reprehension 2. descendants3. epitaph 3. censer 3. omen, bright child4. progeny 4. censor 4. reprimand5. censor 5. epithets 5. descriptive phrase, profanity6. censure 6. equitable 6. steady, uniform7. sensor 7. progeny 7. incense burner8. prodigy 8. an oracular

8. tombstone inscription9. epithet 9. censure 9. criticize10. equable 10. equable 10. authoritative11. entomology 11. epitaphs 11. disturbed12. etymology 12. vernacular 12. fair, just13. oracular 13. comprehend 13. understand14. censer 14. entomology 14. study of insects15. reprehend 15. sensor 15. photoelectric cell16. equitable 16. derangement 16. study of words17. deranged 17. etymologist 17. common language

Pretest VI Exercise Eleven

1. science or theory of 1. ful2. like 2. logy3. characteristic of 3. ly4. characteristic of 4. like5. characteristic of 5. ship

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CASSET T E T HREE

Pretest 1

DIRECT IONS: On the line after each meaning in Column A, write the word fr om Column that best matchesthe definition.

A

1. words that sound al ik e__________________________________________________ literate

2. not under standable_____________________________________________________ illiterate

3. to speak clearly________________________________________________________ legible

4. able to read___________________________________________________________ readable

5. opposite pos ition_______________________________________________________ unreadable

6. not able to read, uncultur ed_____________________________________________ unintelligible

7. readable (as in writ ing)__________________________________________________ homony ms

8. rambling ______________________________________________________________ antonyms

9. words with opposite mea ning s___________________________________________articulate (v)

10. co mmonplac e_________________________________________________________ antithesis

11. cant be read__________________________________________________________ abnegate

12. deny, re nounc e________________________________________________________ discursive

13. interesting to read______________________________________________________ banal

Please rejoin us on Cassette Three.

Exercise One

DIRECTIONS: On each blank in the following sentences, write the lettered word that best completes the meaning.

1. When educated Americans travel to Europe, they soon find that a foreign language makes them feel

a. discursive b. banal c. illiterate d. articulate

2. Many colleges require their students to take public speaking, hoping that they will be _____________________ when

facing audiences in the future.

a. readable b. literate c. articulate d. legible

3. The teacher asked Michael to discuss the words plane and plain; he correctly explained that they were

a. legible b. unreadable c. antonyms d. homony ms

4. The teacher told the student that his paper on quasars would be _____________________ for most of the

class.

a. legible b. unreadable c. banal d. articulate

5. Russian novelists seem to favor titles with_____________________such as War and Peace.

a. homony ms b. legibility c. articulateness d. antonyms

6. T he- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - of capitalism is communism.

a. abneg ation b. legibility c. antithesis d. illiteracy

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7. T o _____________________smoking is to add years to your life according to most doctors.

a. articulate b. abnegate c. deprecate d. disparage

8. Not only was the speakers voice monotonous, but most of his remarks seemed to be very ordinary or

a. legible b. articulate c. banal d. literate

9. The crowd noise was so loud at the football game that remarks of the announcer wer e_____________________

a. banal b. unintellig ible c. illegible d. articulate

10. The problem with the ladies at their T hursday af ternoon bridge s ession is that their remarks rarely pertain

to bridge and become very_____________________

a. readable b. articulate c. discursiv e d. legible

11. Fortunately, the journalist could type; his handwriting was never _____________________

a. discursiv e b. legible c. literate d. intelligible

12. The snake model was ca lled_____________________because of the cleverly invisible way small sections were

joined to provide lifelike movement.

a. articulated b. discursive c. legible d. deprecated

Exercise Two

DIRECT IONS: In the following sentences, there are two choices. Circle the one that best fits the meaning of thesentence.

1. In the citizenship classes, the teacher was not sure which of the new students was (literate,banal) inEnglish.

2. (Illegible, Unintelligible) writing can often be made readable by taking extra time.

3. The visiting professor used so many big words that his audience found his speech ( illegible, unintelligible).

4. J ohn was sure of the meaning of synonyms, but he never felt easy about (homonyms, antonyms), words

that sound alike but have different meanings.

5. There is nothing as effective in ruining a stimulating conversation as (a banal, an articulate) interruption.

6. Studying (antonyms , homonyms) helps you discover words with opposite meanings.

7. Susan considered her brothers term paper very (readable, unreadable) even thoughthe topic did not hold

her interest.

8. The immigra nt stated that his arrival mark ed a complete (antithesis, abnegation) of his former government.

9. The best antidote for (discursive, literate) writing is a requirement that the writer discuss only one topic.

10. One of the best ways to test your points in an arg ument is to compare your position with the (antithesis,

articulation) of each statement.

11. In order to become more (articulate, literate), the Greek orator Demosthenes is said to have practiced speaking

with pebbles in his mouth.

12. She move d to an area of a major city noted for its (discursive, literate) groups absorbed in assorted literary

and artistic discoveries.

CASSETT E THREE

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CASSETTE THREE

Pretest II

DIRECT IONS: On the line after each word in Col umn _A, write the meaning f rom Col umn that best defines it.

A

1. diff ident- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - disapprove

2. docile- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - physically pleasing

3. deprecate- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - repeating in steady succession

4. depreciate- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - degrade, discredit

5. dis par ag e- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - at the same time

6. s ens ua l- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - devalue, belittle

7. sensuous- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - something continuing in sequence

8. continual- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shy, reserved

9. continuous- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - without ceas ing

10. continuity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - following in s equence

11 . concur re nt- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - aesthetically enjoy able

12. consecutive- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - obedient, tractable

Please return to Cassette Three.

Exercise Three

DIRECT IONS: In the following paragraph, a choice of words is provided. Circle the word that best fits the meaningof the sentence.

There are many joys in having a home at the shore. Real estate values almost always rise rather than (1. depreciate,

deprecate). Of course, bathing itself offers a (2. sensual, sensuous) pleasure, and there are the sunsets for

(3. sensual, sensuous) enjoyment. Add to this the magic of waves in a (4. continual, continuous) procession

marching to shore and the (5. continual, continuous) sea breeze filling the lungs with fresh, salt air. For the

(6. diffident, disparaging) person afraid of the surf, walking on the beach and watching a flock of gulls land in

a (7. consecutive, concurrent) manner are worthwhile. Although the surf rages during a northeaster, for the most

part it remains a calm and (8. docile, deprecated) friend. Listen not to those who (9. deprecate, depreciate) a

home at the shore. They are missing one of lifes greatest joys. Their (10. disparaging, diffident) remarks usually

indicate a lack of personal experience by the ocean. There is, however, the expense of maintaining two houses

(11. concurrently, continuously), one in the city and one at the shore. Many are finding a solution in selling the

family home and retiring to the shore to enjoy a (12. continuity, concurrence) of sea life all year long.

Exercise Four

DIRECT IONS: Complete the following sentences by writing in the blank the lettered word that best completes the

meaning.

1. A person may be quiet an d _____________________at home but very boisterous when in a crowd.

a. sensuous b. vociferous c. diffident d. desultory

2. The brother seemed t o _____________________the efforts of his sister with negative r emarks.

a. depreciate b. eulogize c. praise d. desultory

3. After a hard days work, a good meal is one of lifes _____________________pleasures.

a. sensual b. sensuous c. mundane d. anomalous

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4 . in the w inter, three different te am s football, bas ketball, and hocke y may have

_____________________ schedules.

a. continuous b. concurr ent c. difficult d. ex emplary

5. Usually a mortgage must be paid in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - installments.

a. contig uous b. sensuous c. consecutive d. diffident

6. In an age of rebellion, to have a teenager who is on the - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - side is a blessing.

a. sensual b. docile c. bovine d. surly

7. He considered the _____________________ hammering next door an invasion of his privacy.

a. banal b. diffident c. continual d. concurr ent

8. In the cold weather, the heat was kept on to offer- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - warmth.

a. continuous b. continuity c. concurrent d. consecutiv e

9. The committee members ___the efforts of the town council to push the new ruling into

action without public reaction.

a, praised b. displayed c. deprecated d. encouragsd

10. He was hired as a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - writer to develop a weekly serial about black Americans.a. concurrent b. continuous c. continuity d. continual

11. The ballet master seemed to - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - all the efforts of the new dancer, upsetting her greatly.

a. continue b. disparage c. docilize d. be diffident about

12. The entire opera filled him with an overw helmingly_____________________reaction to be long- remembered.

a. docile b. sensual c. sensuous d. banal

CASSETT E THREE

Pretest III

DIRECT IONS: On the line after each word or prefix in Column A, write the meaning fr om Col umn that bestdefines it.

A 1- uni _ -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - believable

2. mono -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hermit

3. bi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - significant in history

4. tri - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - highly combustible

5. quad (quadra, quadri) - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - prefix meaning one

6. multi - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - relating to history

7. credible- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - appreciating beauty

8. credulous- - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - childlike, gullible

9. creditable- - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - exciting, causing flames

10. historic- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - prefix meaning tw o

11 . historical- - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bitingly severe, critical

(continued)

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12. acerbic- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - prefix meaning many

13. ascetic_______________________________________________________ prefix meaning one

14. aesthetic_____________________________________________________ prefix meaning four

15. f la mma ble - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - worthy of praise or trust

16. nonflammable - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - prefix meaning three

17. inflammatory_______________________________________________ not combustible


Exercise Five

DIRECT IONS: In the following paragr aph, circle the word that best completes the mea ning of the sentence.

Each year students are taken to the (1. historical, historic) firehouse, the oldest volunteer company in New Jersey

and the forerunner of all others. On the walls are many (2. historic, historical) pictures of firemen with handlebar

moustaches. One boy persisted in sharing an unhappy experience hed had with a critical, (3. acerbic, aesthetic)

neighbor who was a fireman. Observing the boys (4.flammable,inflammatory) effect on the usually (5.credible,

credulous) fourth graders, the guide pointed out the (6.aesthetic, ascetic) qualities of the quaint building. Hispresentation was (7. credulous, creditable) and showed an understanding of his audience. Then he turned their

attention to deciding which of the displayed materials were highly (8. flammable, inflammatory). The fireman explained

that when they were on duty, they lived an (9. ascetic, aesthetic) existence; their job was to be ready and alert

for a fire. A concluding description of personal experiences made the account (10. inflammatory, credible) for

the entire group.

On each line, write the appropriate word from this group of prefixes:

uni, mono, bi, tri, quadra, multi

11. To mean many layered, you can use the prefix________________layered.

12. We describe a four- legged creature as a ________________ped.

13/14. _______________ and________________ are prefixes meaning one.

15. A meeting every three years is a _______________ ennial.

16. A plane with two wings is a ________________ plane.

17. T o - - - - - - - - - - - - sect a pie is to divide it into four equal pieces.

Exercise Six

DIRECTIONS: On each line in the following sentences, write one of the following words:

acerbate, aesthetic, ascetic, credible, creditable, credulity,historic, historical, inflammatory, nonflammable

1. When it comes to discussing things related to history ,_____________________refers to items typical of various

periods.

2. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - refers to items connected with specific events in history.

CASSETTE T HREE

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CASSETTE THREE

3. In an effort to avoid conf usi on,_____________________is recommended as the adjective to use for material

not highly combustible.

4. A n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - remark may cause irritation or a fiery reaction.

5. Controlling angry, depreciating remarks is _____________________and usually brings you favorable recognition.

6. T he- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - of children is to be respected, not undermined by deceit.

7. A s tatement that can be believed is _____________________

8. T o _____________________is to hurt others with criticism or sarcasm.

9. Relatively few people take the time to withdraw for the pure ly__________________experience of meditation.

10. A n _____________________delight in fine art gives s ensuous satisfaction.

Pretest IV

DIRECT IONS: In the blank following each meaning in Column A, write the word fr om Column Ei that it defines.

A

1. keep small______________________________________________________________ activate

2. make certain____________________________________________________________ activism

3. to begin, star t___________________________________________________________ initiate

4. one who organizes, manag es _____________________________________________ enterprise

5. put into ac tion__________________________________________________________ entrepreneur

6. project or undertaking___________________________________________________ ascertain

7. taking action on a controversial is sue______________________________________ minimize

8. make the most o f ________________________________________________________ maximize

Please rejoin us on Cassette Three.

Exercise Seven

DIRECT IONS: In the following sentences, circle the word that best completes the meaning of the sentence.

1. There is much concern over the decision to (activate, ascertain) the nuclear plant at Three Mile Island.

2. In many areas, objection to the building of nuclear power plants has led to community ( etymology, activism).

3. If we could (initiate, ascertain) the cause of the common cold, many people would shout for joy.

4. In our era, the flight to the moon was an (enterprise, compendium) Americans viewed with great pride.

5. When a person runs one restaurant hes called a manager; if he expands it to a chain, hes (an entrepreneur,

a broker).

6. His friends were amazed when he finally displayed the (initiative, activate) to establish a successful design

studio.

7. If you (enterprise, minimize ) your overhead, your business will probably make a profit.

8. Instead of driving, walk or bike on many small errands to (maximize, ascertain) your circulation.

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Exercise Eight

DIRECT IONS: In the following paragraph, circle the word in italics that best completes the meaning for each sentence.

During .the sixties (1. activism, enterprise) was rampant on college campuses. A number of students sought to

(2. activate, minimize) some type of plan for their own particular group. To (3. minimize, ascertain) their impact,

police often had to be called to restore order. The college deans had trouble (4. predicting, ascertaining) just

which group on campus was responsible for (5. enterprising, initiating) demonstrations. Sadly, if the collegeadministrators were there to (6. disparage, maximize) a students academic ability, during this period, that aim

was thwarted. However, some studies have indicated that personal ability to organize any (7. enterprise, minimum)

and manage its development resulted in later (8. entrepreneurs, researchers) from among the groups of students

who learned to focus on an idea, ar range financial support, and delegate responsibilities.

CASSETTE THREE

Pretest V

DIRECTIONS: On the line after each word in Column A, write its meaning from Column B.

1. regardless _______________________________________________________ morally correct

2. impor tune - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - suitable, convenient

3. opportune- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - correct judgme nt

4. rectitude _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - urge.persistently (v)overly persistent (adj)

5. righteous____________ ____ _______________________________________ in spite of


Exercise Nine

DIRECT IONS: In the following parag raph, circle the word that best fits the meaning of the sentence.

Althoug h it was the (1. importune, opportune) moment to ask for a raise, Jason had (2. importuned, disparaged)

with s uch insistence that his request was denied. This puzzled him; his work had been a model of (3. righteousness,

rectitude), of correct judgment. Even his outside activities, concern with church and neighborhood development,

had been marked by (4. rectitude, righteousness), moral correctness. Bitter, he decided that (5. regardless,

irregardless) of your record, there was nothing guaranteed when you worked for someone else.

Exercise T en

DIRECT IONS: In the following sentences, circle the word that best fits the me aning of the sentence.

1. The son said he was going to take the family car (irregardless, regardless) of the consequences.

2. If you (importune, ascertain) your friend for favors every moment of the day, you will lose that friend.

3. Some people never seem to know when the (articulate, opportune) moment presents itself for a request.

4. There are those who question the President on his (rectitude, righteousness) in making wise political decisions.

5. Many feel that the Pope has been traveling too much, but no one seems to doubt his (corpulence, righteousness).

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Cassette Three Answer Key

CASSETT E THREE

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CASSETTE THREE

CASSETTE THREE

WORD LIST

Ab'ne- gate (v) abnegation (n) His-tor'-ic (adj)

A cerbic (adj) acerbity (n) acerbate (v) His-tor'i-cal (adj) historically (adv)acerbation (n) Hom'-o- nyms (n)

Ac'ti-vate (v) activation (n) ll-lit'er-ate (adj) illiteracy (n)

Ac'ti- vism (n) Im- por- tune' (v) importuner (n) importunity (n)Aes- thet'ic (adj) aesthete (n) aestheticism (n) importunate (adj) importunely (adv)

An- tith'e-sis (n) antithetical (adj) In- flam'ma-to-ry (adj) inf lammation (n)

An'to-nyms (n) In-it'i-ate (v) initiative (n)

Ar-tic'u-late (v, adj) articulated (adj) Leg'i- ble (adj) legibility (n) legibly (adv)articulation (n) Lit'-er-ate (adj) literature (n) literary (adj)

As-cer-tain' (v) ascertainment (n) literati (n)ascertainable (adj) Max'i-mize (v) max imal (adj) max imum (n)

As- cet'ic (adj, n) ascetically (adv) asceticism (n) Min'-i- mize (v) minimal (adj) minimum (n)Ba-nal' (adj) banality (n) minimalism (n)

Con- cur'rent (adj) concurrently (adv) Non- flam'ma- ble (adj)concurrence (n) concur (v) Op- por- tune' (adj) opportunity (n) opportunist (n)

Con-sec'u- tive (adj) consecutiv ely (adv) opportunism (n)Con-tin'u- al (adj) continually (adv) Read'a- ble (adj) readability (n) readably (adv)

Con-ti-nu'i-ty (n) Rec'ti- tude (n) rectify (v) rectification (n)

Con-tin'u-ous (adj) continuously (adv) Re-gard'less (prep, adv, adj)

Cre'di- ble (adj) credibility (n) Right'eous (adj) righteousness (n)

Cred'it-a-ble (adj) Sen'su-al (adj) sensuality (n) sensually (adv)

Cred'u-lous (adj) credulity (n) credulously (adv) Sen'-su- ous (adj) sensuosity (n) sensuously (adv)

Dep're- cate (v) deprecation (n) deprecatory (adj) (Jn-in-tel'-li-gi-ble (adj)

De- pre'ci- ate (v) depredation (n) Cln-read'-a-ble (adj)

Dif'fi- dent (adj) diff idence (n)

Dis- cur'sive (adj)

Dis- par'age (v) disparaging (adj) Prefixes

disparagement (n) B i-Doc'ile (adj) docility (n) MonoEn'ter- prise (n) enterprising (adj) enterpriser (n) MultiEn-tre-pre-neur' (n) entrepreneurial (adj) Quad (quadra, quadri)

entrepreneurship (n) T r i -Flam'ma- ble (adj) (Jni

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CASSETTE FOURPretest I

DIRECTIONS: On the line after each word in Column A, write the meaning fr om Column B.

A

1. idiolect__________________________________________________ slang or specialized vocabulary

2. dialect __________________________________________________ legal document3. colloquialis m____________________________________________ denounce

4. jar g on__________________________________________________ individual speech pattern

5. venue__________________________________________________ location

6. benef iciary______________________________________________ addition to a will

7. brief (no un)_____________________________________________ agent of change

8. codicil__________________________________________________ regional variety of language

9. cataly st_________________________________________________ gift recipient

10. ex acerbate______________________________________________ tree-like

11. ex coriate________________________________________________ conversational expression

12. stellar___________________________________________________ outstanding

13. arboreal_________________________________________________ aggravate, exasperate

Please rejoin us on Cassette Four.

Exercise One

DIRECT IONS: Circle one of the words in each parenthesis that best completes the meaning of the paragraph.

Mildred had a fear of lawyers, mainly because she thought they spoke in a ( 1. jarg on, venue) foreign to her own,

not that her lawyers (2. dialect, codicil) was very different from hers since they had grown up in the same area.

She had been named (3. beneficiary, codicil) in her fathers will. A younger sister had not been included and

was seeking, through another lawyer, a (4. venue, codicil) to the will. Mildred was (5. exacerbated, inundated)

by this action. Right in front of her lawyer, she began to (6. eulogize, excoriate) her sister. He calmed her down

with a few (7. colloquialisms, catalysts), assuring her she had been a (8. stellar, arboreal) daughter. Furthermore,

he stated the younger sisters (9. brief, venue) would not stand up in court. Mainly it was a (10. catalyst, dialect)

for upsetting the family. He also said Mildred could request a change of location for the hearing, a change of (11.

brief, venue). The whole problem engulfed Mildred, appearing (12. arboreal, stellar) with its many overpowering

branches.

Exercise Two

DIRECTIONS: Each word is followed by a group of four other words. Write the one closest in meaning.

1. Idiolect____________________________________

a. speech pattern of a gr oup b. jargon c. venue d. individual speech pattern

2. Colloquialism____________________________________

a. venue b. speech impediment c. conversational expression d. idiolect

3. V enue____________________________________

a. catalyst b. location c. slang d. tree like

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4. Beneficiary____________________________________

a. codicil b. brief c. gift recipient d. arboreal

5. Codicil____________________________________

a. individual speech b. jar gon c. addition to legal document d. venue

6. Catalyst____________________________________

a. agent of chang e b. regional expression c. speech pattern d. slang

7. Exacerbate____________________________________

a. stand out b. soothe c. irritate, make worse d. express

8. Dialect____________________________________

a. venue b. individual speech pattern c. reg ional speech d. brief

9. ' )__________________________________

a. venue b. legal docume nt c. gift d. change

10. Excoriate__ _________________________________

a. extoll b. denounce c. venerate d. implicate

11. Stellar____________________________________

a. outstanding b. overpowering c. sensual d. sensuous

12. A rbore al____________________________________

a. starry b. flimsy c. of a tree d. of the stars

13. J a r g o n____________________________________

a. legal docume nt b. brief c. specialized vocabulary d. codicil

CASSETTE FOUR

DIRECT IONS: On the line following each word in Column A, write the matching definition from Column B.

Pretest II

A

1. interface

3. input__________

4. throughput_____

5. output_________

6. silicon_________

7. silicone________8. adlib__________

9. improvise______

10. extemporaneous

11. scenario_______

12. protagonist____

13. parody

2. debug

nonmetallic element used in compounds

result

organic compound used in lubricants

remove errors

as desired

make up on the spot

information entered, commentwithout notes

productivity

plot outline

work together, communicate

imitation of style

leading character

Please return to us on Cassette Four.

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Exercise Three

DIRECTIONS: Circle one of the words in each parenthesis that best completes the meaning of the paragraph.

A new era in technology brings new terminology . One striking ter m is (1. silicon, silicone) valley, referring to the

area in California where many elements of the computer industry are made a nd ass embled. A similar- sounding

compound, (2. silicone, silicon), is used in prostheses. In California you have many scientists (3. interfacing,

excavating) over new computer models. Some are there to (4. debug, parody) developing products, while others

are concerned with how much (5. input, enterprise) a computer can hold. Still others, office managers, are concernedabout the (6. throughput, debug), the total efficiency of production. Even though America has been leading in

the production of microchips, one (7. scenario, ad lib) puts the Japanese as a major force, soon to become the

(8. protagonist, imposter) of the microchip industry. Today, computer games (9. parody, debug) real battles, as

a generation ago youngsters arranged mock soldiers. Certain of these sophisticated games allow children to (10.

improvise, interface) progr ams of their own. Even when there is no set script, a child may (11. ad lib, debug)

a battle strategy. Therefore, these games, rather than limiting the imagination, tend to turn the mind into (12. an

extemporizing, a confined) instrument.

Exercise Four

DIRECTIONS: In the following sentences, circle the word that best completes the sentence.

1. When the student sits down in front of his computer , you mig ht say he and his computer are (interfacing,

alienating).

2. T he woman thought she had misunderstood the mechanic when he mentioned bugs . In fact, he was seeking

to fix her car or (input, debug) it.

3. Todays computer s are measured by how much (input, parody) they can hold, how many bytes of information.

4. J ohn thought his manager was asking him to throw the shotput when he spoke of throughput. In fact, he

was concer ned with his.team's (silicon, productivity).

5. It seems no matter how advanced our auto industry becomes, in the area of auto (output, silicone), the

Ja panese continue to make g ains.

6. One element that has revolutionized the computer industry is (plutonium, silicon).

7. Woody A llen is an excellent comedian because he has the ability to (ad lib, importune) on any occasion.

8. They say that former President Kennedy was able to (max imize, improvise) at large press conferences.

9. Many people would not be walking today if it were not for the use of (silicon, silicone) in artificial limbs.

10. J ohnny Carson probably feels more at home when he speaks (thoughtfully, extemporaneously) than when

he has a script.

11. At one time, the term (scenario, parody) was used mainly when referring to film scripts. Now it is used

for almost any hypothetical situation.

12. There is the theory that a good play must have a strong (activist, protagonist), one with whom the audience

can identify.

13. Each T hanksg iving the s chool children put on a (parody, throughput) of Gilbert and Sullivans Pirates of

Penzance.

CASSETTE FOUR

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CASSETTE FOUR

DIRECT IONS: On the line following each word in Column A, write the meaning from Column B.

A

Pretest III

1. p a rs i m o n i o u s s h o w i n g n n e m o t i o n

2. n igga rd ly ta lkat ive

3. p rod iga l drowsy, s lugg ish

4, a l t ru is t ic rer l i i r e sever i ty

5. tac i turn w o rk a g ai n s t

6. loquac ious s i len t , i i n r nm m i in i ra t i ve

7. apathet ic unsel f ish ly Hevoter! tn o thers

8. le tharg ic c lever, invent ive

9. mi l i ta te extravagant, pro fuse

10 . mi t iga te g iv ing no th ing , m ise r ly

11. ingen ious unsoph is t i ca ted , innocen t

12. i n g e n u o u s invalid

13. spec ious apparen t ly va lid

14 . p laus ib le s t ingy

Please rejoin us on Cassette Four.

Exercise Five

DIRECTIONS: Circle the word in each parenthesis that best completes the meaning of the paragraph.

Radio, formerly known mainly as an outlet for music and news, has become filled with a (1. prodigal, apathetic)

number of talk shows. In place of a (2. taciturn, parsimonious) announcer listing songs, we now have (3. loquacious,

specious) personalities conversing on the (4. altruism, activism) of good citizens, the (5. parsimony, acrimony)

of the City Hall budget, and the (6. niggardly, apathetic) attitude of lazy teenagers. Not that all of these people

are as (7. taciturn, ingenious) as they would have their listeners believe. In fact, many rely on (8. niggar dly, specious)

arguments to arouse the most (9. parsimonious, lethargic) of listeners to accept their points of view. Sometimes

it is the caller who has a more practical and ( 10. plausible, specious) suggestion of how to (11. militate, mitigate)

the plight of the poor or to (12. mitigate, militate) against radical groups that are harming others. These talk show

gurus seem to be most (13. niggardly, altruistic) with their advice when they have to follow it themselves. One

almost wishes for a return of the (14. ingenuous, specious) hosts, heavy on music, light on talk.

Exercise Six

DIRECT IONS: In the following sentences, circle the word that best completes the meaning of the sentence.

1. There are those who would rather be called (parsimonious, loquacious) than to feel they had to give to

every good cause.

2. The man was so (niggardly, prodigal) he left the waitress a tip of three pennies.

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3. It is the nature of youth to be (prodigal, taciturn) in tipping to make a good impression.

4. America has a reputation of being (parsimonious, altruistic) with smaller countries.

5. A lthough communic ation is difficult, the (niggardly, taciturn) person may possess great wisdom behind his

silence.

6. On the other hand, she may be both (docile, loquacious) and quite intelligent if she enjoys using many

carefully selected words to explain her ideas.

7. Sometimes it is in the nature of the philosopher to seem (apathetic, parsimonious) when he is, in fact,

deep in thought.

8. With a combined effort, the medical profession has been able to (excoriate, militate) against the inroads

of cancer.

9. A wise parent will be able to (exacerbate, mitigate) his childs feelings of despair.

10. If one tries to be (niggardly, ingenuous), he may appear merely superficial, faking innocence.

11. By listening closely, the (ingenuous, specious) nature of the money- making scheme can be detected.

12. Less than a generation ago it did not seem (importune, plausible) that we would be able to land on the

moon.

13. When Mary seemed most (lethargic, loquacious) and quiet, many did not know she was taking a special

drug for her as thma.

14. Gilbert was known for his (ingenuous, ingenious) solutions to the continual problem of working without

the re commended machinery.

CASSETT E FOUR

Pretest IV

DIRECTIONS: On the ine following each word in Column A, write the best meaning f rom Column B.

A

1. chic________________________________________________ mid-section of body, stomach area

2. clique_______________________________________________ cooked sugar sauce or confection

3. croissant____________________________________________ mature, full-grown

4. car amel_____________________________________________ crescent-shaped roll

5. abdomen___________________________________________ small frui

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Vocabulary Program Powerful Words - Workbook