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What is the What is the difference difference between between mitosis and mitosis and meiosis?meiosis?

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VocabularyVocabulary

Mitosis:Mitosis: The phase in the cell cycle The phase in the cell cycle during which the nucleus dividesduring which the nucleus divides

MeiosisMeiosis:: A part of sexual reproduction in A part of sexual reproduction in which cells divide to form sperm cells in a which cells divide to form sperm cells in a male and egg cells in a female. Meiosis male and egg cells in a female. Meiosis occurs only in reproductive cells.occurs only in reproductive cells.

VocabularyVocabulary DNADNA:: deoxyribonucleic acid, a chemical that deoxyribonucleic acid, a chemical that

contains information for an organism’s growth and contains information for an organism’s growth and functionsfunctions

ChromosomesChromosomes: the physical structure in a cell that : the physical structure in a cell that contains the cell’s DNA (genetic material)contains the cell’s DNA (genetic material)

Cell cycleCell cycle: the normal sequence of development : the normal sequence of development and division of a celland division of a cell

Genome:Genome: All the DNA of an organism, including its All the DNA of an organism, including its genes; the genetic material of an organism.genes; the genetic material of an organism.

Mitosis and MeiosisMitosis and Meiosis Create two cells from one cell!Create two cells from one cell!

there has to be enough stuff for both cells there has to be enough stuff for both cells to be able to live to be able to live

so, there has to be so, there has to be duplicationduplication ofof a lot of a lot of stuff before the first cell (stuff before the first cell (parentparent) divides. ) divides.

Mitosis and MeiosisMitosis and Meiosis One of the things to duplicate is the One of the things to duplicate is the

genomegenome..

These are the These are the chromosomeschromosomes which are which are made up of DNAmade up of DNA..

Once the DNA replicates (makes 2 copies Once the DNA replicates (makes 2 copies of everything from what the parent originally of everything from what the parent originally had), the cell can divide.had), the cell can divide.

Mitosis and MeiosisMitosis and Meiosis There are now 4 chromosomes of each typeThere are now 4 chromosomes of each type

we started out with our usual 2 of each we started out with our usual 2 of each

most organisms have 2 of each chromosome most organisms have 2 of each chromosome and they differ slightly from each otherand they differ slightly from each other-- this this becomes important for meiosisbecomes important for meiosis

then when everything is duplicated, we get 4! then when everything is duplicated, we get 4!

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DifferencesDifferences of Mitosis and of Mitosis and MeiosisMeiosis MITOSISMITOSIS

the the 2 cells2 cells that come out of the division that come out of the division (daughters) are (daughters) are EXACTLY the sameEXACTLY the same in in genetic makeup as the original mother genetic makeup as the original mother cell. cell.

They have the very They have the very same DNAsame DNA and and therefore therefore make the same proteinsmake the same proteins and and therefore the therefore the cells behave the samecells behave the same. .

Differences Differences of Mitosis and of Mitosis and MeiosisMeiosis MEIOSISMEIOSIS PurposePurpose of meiosis is to of meiosis is to make new types of cells!make new types of cells!

((the the cells cells are are not the samenot the same at all)at all)

Eggs and sperm are products of meiosisEggs and sperm are products of meiosis

Genetic diversity happens from mixing of genes Genetic diversity happens from mixing of genes inside the cells of the mother and fatherinside the cells of the mother and father

Why do you have traits given to you from your Why do you have traits given to you from your grandmother through your father, grandmother through your father, even though your even though your father may not have that traitfather may not have that trait ??

(he carries it in his genes for later mixing) (he carries it in his genes for later mixing)

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