Vocabulary 9Vocabulary 9AustinAustin

English 11English 11

AuspiciousAuspicious The tennis player considered the sunny The tennis player considered the sunny

forecast an forecast an auspiciousauspicious sign that she would sign that she would win her match.win her match.

adjective adjective 1. promising success; propitious; 1. promising success; propitious; opportune; favorable: opportune; favorable: an auspicious an auspicious occasion. occasion.

2. favored by fortune; prosperous; 2. favored by fortune; prosperous; fortunate. fortunate.

Related forms Related forms aus·pi·cious·ly, aus·pi·cious·ly, adverb adverb aus·pi·cious·ness, aus·pi·cious·ness, noun noun un·aus·pi·cious, un·aus·pi·cious, adjective adjective un·aus·pi·cious·ly, un·aus·pi·cious·ly, adverbadverb

banalbanal adjective adjective devoid of freshness or originality; devoid of freshness or originality;

hackneyed; hackneyed; tritetrite: : a banal and sophomoric a banal and sophomoric treatment of courage on treatment of courage on thethe frontier. frontier.

The hack writer's worn-out cliches made The hack writer's worn-out cliches made his comic sketch seem banal. The his comic sketch seem banal. The president commenced his speech with a president commenced his speech with a banal opening sentence.banal opening sentence.

ba·nal·i·ty  bəˈnæl ɪ ti, beɪ-/ [bba·nal·i·ty  bəˈnæl ɪ ti, beɪ-/ [buhuh-nal-i-tee, -nal-i-tee, bey-] bey-] noun noun

ba·nal·ly, ba·nal·ly, adverb adverb

——Synonyms = Synonyms = commonplace.commonplace.

Nepotism Nepotism noun = patronage bestowed or favoritism

shown on the basis of family relationship, as in business and politics: She was accused of nepotism when she made her nephew an officer of the firm.

St Augustine introduced the rule for good St Augustine introduced the rule for good reason, primarily as means of confronting reason, primarily as means of confronting nepotismnepotism and its associated corruption and its associated corruption within the Church. within the Church.

Related forms ne·pot·ic  /nəˈpɒt ɪk/ [nuh-pot-ik]

nep·o·tis·tic, nep·o·tis·ti·cal, adjective nep·o·tist, noun an·ti·nep·o·tism, noun

DistraughtDistraught ––adjective adjective 1. distracted; deeply 1. distracted; deeply

agitated. agitated. 2. mentally deranged; crazed2. mentally deranged; crazed Sentence: He was distraught after Sentence: He was distraught after

hearing that his brother had died.hearing that his brother had died. Related forms Related forms

– dis·traught·ly, dis·traught·ly, adverb adverb – o·ver·dis·traught, o·ver·dis·traught, adjective adjective – un·dis·traught, un·dis·traught, adjectiveadjective

celibatecelibate –noun 1. a person who abstains from

sexual relations. 2. a person who remains unmarried,

especially for religious reasons. –adjective 3. observing or pertaining to

sexual abstention or a religious vow not to marry.

4. not married. Sentence: The Church will however insist Sentence: The Church will however insist

that all of its own clergy remain that all of its own clergy remain celibatecelibate once in a civil partnership. once in a civil partnership.

PENSIVEPENSIVE 1. dreamily or wistfully thoughtful: 1. dreamily or wistfully thoughtful: a a

pensive mood. pensive mood. 2. expressing or revealing thoughtfulness, 2. expressing or revealing thoughtfulness,

usually marked by some sadness: usually marked by some sadness: a pensive a pensive adagio.adagio. (music slowly in a leisurely manner) (music slowly in a leisurely manner)

Related forms:Related forms: pen·sive·ly, pen·sive·ly, adverb adverb pen·sive·ness, pen·sive·ness, noun noun o·ver·pen·sive, o·ver·pen·sive, adjective adjective o·ver·pen·sive·ly, o·ver·pen·sive·ly, adverb adverb o·ver·pen·sive·ness, o·ver·pen·sive·ness, noun noun Antonyms Antonyms

1.  thoughtless 1.  thoughtless Sentence: Sentence: The Grapes of Wrath The Grapes of Wrath by John by John

Steinbeck calls for pensiveness.Steinbeck calls for pensiveness.

recalcitrantrecalcitrant adjective adjective 1. resisting authority or control; not 1. resisting authority or control; not

obedient or compliant; refractory. obedient or compliant; refractory. 2. hard to deal with, manage, or operate. 2. hard to deal with, manage, or operate. ––noun noun 3. a recalcitrant person3. a recalcitrant person

Sentences: Sentences: The defenders attempted to round up the recalcitrant attackers.

The owners had to separate the recalcitrant dogs to keep them from fighting.

The recalcitrant truants were eventually sent to reform school.

Synonyms 1. resistant, rebellious, opposed.

shoddyshoddy ––adjective adjective 1.of poor quality or inferior workmanship: 1.of poor quality or inferior workmanship: a a

shoddy bookcase. shoddy bookcase. 2. intentionally rude or inconsiderate; shabby: 2. intentionally rude or inconsiderate; shabby:

shoddy behavior. shoddy behavior. ––noun noun 3. a fibrous material obtained by shredding 3. a fibrous material obtained by shredding

unfelted rags or waste. unfelted rags or waste. 4. anything inferior, especially a handmade item 4. anything inferior, especially a handmade item

or manufactured product. or manufactured product. Sentence: However, the quality of workmanship Sentence: However, the quality of workmanship

is very is very shoddyshoddy. . Related forms Related forms shod·di·ly, shod·di·ly, adverb adverb shod·di·ness, shod·di·ness, noun noun half-shod·dy, half-shod·dy, adjectiveadjective

TERSETERSE ––adjective adjective ters·er, ters·est. 1. neatly or ters·er, ters·est. 1. neatly or

effectively concise; brief and pithy, as effectively concise; brief and pithy, as language. language.

2. abruptly concise; curt; brusque2. abruptly concise; curt; brusque SENTENCE: SENTENCE: Jacob's manual about skating

is very terse. Related forms Related forms terse·ly, terse·ly, adverb adverb terse·ness, terse·ness, noun noun un·terse, un·terse, adjective adjective un·terse·ly, un·terse·ly, adverb adverb un·terse·ness, un·terse·ness, noun noun

——Synonyms Synonyms 1. succinct, compact, neat, concentrated.1. succinct, compact, neat, concentrated.

VALORVALOR noun noun boldness or determination in facing great boldness or determination in facing great

danger, especially in battle; heroic courage; danger, especially in battle; heroic courage; bravery: bravery: a medal for valor.a medal for valor.

SENTENCE: The private showed his valor and kind tenaciousness by pulling me to safety while under fire.

Synonyms intrepidity, spirit. See courage.

—Antonyms cowardice.

Lady Chatterley’s Lover Lady Chatterley’s Lover by D. H. Lawrenceby D. H. Lawrence

The story concerns a young married woman, Constance, Lady Chatterley, whose upper-class husband, Clifford Chatterley, has been paralyzed & rendered impotent. Her sexual frustration leads her into an affair with the gamekeeper, Oliver Mellors. This novel is about her realization that she cannot live with the mind alone; she must also be alive physically.

The Doors of PerceptonThe Doors of Perceptonby by Aldous HuxleyAldous Huxley

The Doors of PerceptionThe Doors of Perception is a is a 1954 book by 1954 book by AldousAldous Huxley Huxley detailing his experiences when detailing his experiences when taking taking mescalinemescaline. The book takes . The book takes the form of Huxley’s recollection the form of Huxley’s recollection of a mescaline trip which took of a mescaline trip which took place over the course of an place over the course of an afternoon, and takes its title from afternoon, and takes its title from William BlakeWilliam Blake's poem 's poem The Marriage of Heaven and HellThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell. . Huxley recalls the insights he Huxley recalls the insights he experienced, which range from experienced, which range from the "purely aesthetic" to the "purely aesthetic" to "sacramental vision". He also "sacramental vision". He also incorporates later reflections on incorporates later reflections on the experience and its meaning the experience and its meaning for art and religion.for art and religion.

Dracula Dracula by Bram Stokerby Bram Stoker DraculaDracula has been assigned to has been assigned to

many many literary genresliterary genres including including vampire literaturevampire literature, , horror fictionhorror fiction, , the the gothic novelgothic novel and and invasion literatureinvasion literature. Structurally it . Structurally it is an is an epistolary novelepistolary novel, that is, told , that is, told as a series of letters, as a series of letters, diarydiary entries, ships' logs, etc. entries, ships' logs, etc. Literary criticsLiterary critics have examined have examined many themes in the novel, such many themes in the novel, such as the role of women in as the role of women in VictorianVictorian culture, conventional and culture, conventional and conservative sexuality, conservative sexuality, immigration, immigration, colonialismcolonialism, , postcolonialismpostcolonialism and and folklorefolklore. . Although Stoker did not invent Although Stoker did not invent the vampire, the novel's the vampire, the novel's influence on the popularity of influence on the popularity of vampires has been singularly vampires has been singularly responsible for many responsible for many theatricaltheatrical, , filmfilm and and televisiontelevision interpretations interpretations since its publication.since its publication.

Lord of the Flies Lord of the Flies by William Goldingby William Golding

Lord of the FliesLord of the Flies tells the story tells the story of a group of British boys of a group of British boys whose plane crashes on a whose plane crashes on a deserted island in the deserted island in the Pacific OceanPacific Ocean. (It appears that . (It appears that the world is at war. This the world is at war. This matters later.) With no adults, matters later.) With no adults, the boys are left to fend for the boys are left to fend for and govern themselves. The and govern themselves. The boys range in age from six to boys range in age from six to twelve, and Ralph, one of the twelve, and Ralph, one of the older boys, becomes “chief” older boys, becomes “chief” with the assistance of a conch with the assistance of a conch shell. (The boys decide that shell. (The boys decide that only he who holds the conch only he who holds the conch shell has public speaking shell has public speaking privileges. It helps to establish privileges. It helps to establish order.)order.)

The Jungle The Jungle by Upton Sinclairby Upton Sinclair

Jurgis Rudkus and his family come to Jurgis Rudkus and his family come to America from Lithuania to seek their America from Lithuania to seek their fortune. They arrive in Chicago's fortune. They arrive in Chicago's stockyards district, where the gigantic stockyards district, where the gigantic meatpacking plants operate, and find meatpacking plants operate, and find employment performing various tasks employment performing various tasks in the slaughterhouses. Quickly, the in the slaughterhouses. Quickly, the family realizes that their dreams of family realizes that their dreams of America and its wealth were painfully America and its wealth were painfully far from reality. Instead of being a far from reality. Instead of being a land of promise, it is a land of land of promise, it is a land of interminable toil and poverty. The interminable toil and poverty. The workers at the meatpacking plants are workers at the meatpacking plants are poorly paid, overworked and subject to poorly paid, overworked and subject to unfair labor practices and dangerous unfair labor practices and dangerous working conditions. What's more, the working conditions. What's more, the stockyards neighborhood is a pit of stockyards neighborhood is a pit of poverty and squalor, with rat-infested poverty and squalor, with rat-infested boarding houses, a smoldering boarding houses, a smoldering garbage dump on one end of the garbage dump on one end of the yards, and a large sewage pit on the yards, and a large sewage pit on the other end. Jurgis's family finds that other end. Jurgis's family finds that they all must work to survive, they all must work to survive, including Jurgis's dying father, his including Jurgis's dying father, his pregnant wife, her cousin, her uncle, pregnant wife, her cousin, her uncle, and her stepmother's children.and her stepmother's children.

Themes of muckraking, socialism, and unfair labor practices. The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by journalist Upton Sinclair. Sinclair wrote the novel to point out the troubles of the working class and to show the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century.

thallasophobiathallasophobia

Fear of oceansFear of oceansan intense, irrational and persistent fear of the sea.